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In this paper we investigated the effect of RHAMM-target peptides on the invasion of breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231). Cells were plated on gelatin substrate, Cy3-fluorescein-labeled, and then simultaneously processed with RHAMM-target peptides. Invasion of the cells was assessed by quantitative analysis of the area degradation of gelatin, using ImageJ software. We have found that RHAMM-target peptides inhibited the invasion of tumor cell by - 80% at a concentration of 10μg/ml (2x10⁻⁷ M). By confocal microscopy we also showed that a population of cancer cells was heterogeneous and composed from small cells (invasive) and large cells, non-invasive cells with 4-5 nucleus in the cytoplasm. We found that treatment of cells with RHAMM-target peptides led to a decrease in the number of cells of large size and induced structural disorganization of actin and enhanced amount of stress-fibers of actin.

The article presents a review of references on causes of sudden death of persons suffering from oncological diseases. The paper describes the main mechanisms of sudden death of persons with cancer who are subjected to forensic-medical research. Data on the structure of sudden death for the last 10 years are demonstrated. The authors have identified the increase of a number of sudden deaths in the group with oncological pathology 2. 2 times more in comparison with 2005. There are showed peculiarities of forensic-medical diagnostics of reasons of sudden death in cancer.

The paper summarizes and analyzes the results of complex treatment of patients with malignant tumors performed in the N.N.Petrov Research Institute of Oncology using perfusion technologies. Safety and efficacy data on various chemoperfusion is presented: intraperitoneal chemoperfusion combined with cytoreductive surgery in patients with locally advanced and disseminated gastric cancer, recurrent ovarian cancer and pseudomyxoma peritonei; isolated lung perfusion combined with metastasectomy in patients with lung metastases; isolated limb perfusion with/without cytoreduction in patients with locally advanced skin melanoma and locally advanced soft-tissue sarcoma. The conclusion is made that both intraperitoneal and isolated chemoperfusions are not associated with higher incidence of intra- and postoperative morbidity. However safety of the procedures could be increased through optimizing tactics of surgical procedures prior to chemoperfusions. The use of perfusion technologies provides significant survival advantage in patients who can’t benefit from conservative treatment.

The paper evaluates results of randomized study of treatment of 135 patients for II-IIIB stage resectable gastric cancer (Borrmann type III and IV); of them 70 underwent intraoperative hyperthermic chemotherapy based on a technique adopted in the clinic. It has been noted the improvement of long-term results in particular the increase of dissemination-free survival (plog-rank=0,004) especially in patients with absence of metastases in regional lymph nodes (pN0) - (plog-rank=0,03). Application of an integrated technique appears to improve remote results thereby necessitating the need for further studies.

In this paper we have showed that evolutionary new genes DCD1(Dermicidin), LINC00309 (Long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 309) and CLLU1(Chronic lymphocytic leukemia up-regulated 1) have tumor-specific expression profile. Along with our previously published results this confirms the existence of the phenomenon of TSEEN (Tumor-Specifically Expressed, Evolutionarily Novel).

The critical analysis of preclinical testing of anticarcinogenic and antitumor activity of biguanides presented in this paper. Experiments have been conducted using in total more than 20 models of carcinogenesis including models of spontaneous , chemically- , radiation- and virus-induced carcinogenesis, as well as carcinoigenesis induced by special fat diets and by genetic modification in rodents. Cancer preventive effect of buiguanides has been studied in relation to total tumor incidence and to 17 target organs in animals of 3 species, including 25 various strains of mice, 4 strains of rats and 1 strain of hamsters using various routs of administration and doses. In the majority of cases (86%) the exposure to biguanides leads to inhibition of carcinogenesis. In 14% of the cases inhibitory effect of the drugs was not observed, however there was no any case of stimulation of carcinogenesis by antidiabetic biguanides., Metformin suppressed tumor growth in the majority of in vitro studies conducted in 46 different cell lines originated from malignant tumors of 15 localization as well as in athymic mice with xenografts of 31 tumor lines. It was concluded that there are sufficient experimental evidences of anticarcinogenic and antitumor effects of antidiabetic biguanides revealed in a number of models of induced and spontaneous carcinogenesis.

The progression or the appearance of distant metastases in breast cancer (BC) is influenced by a variety of antitumor immune response suppression mechanisms. In this paper we study circulating dendritic cells (DC) and the suppressor cell populations in peripheral blood of breast cancer patients. The study of phenotypic and functional properties of DCs was performed in the samples of intact and TLR-stimulated whole blood from breast cancer patients and healthy women by multicolor flow cytometry. To determine the suppressor cell population among lymphocytes multicolor panel comprising markers CD 4, CD 25, CD 127, FoxP3 was used. It is showed that the formation of secondary foci of tumor growth in patients was accompanied by disturbances of the functional activity plasmocytoid DC and accumulation of cells with immunosuppressive functions.

The paper presented results of photodynamic therapy for 139 patients with basal cell carcinoma. We conducted a study of the efficacy and safety of four methods of photodynamic therapy. There were used the following photosensitizers: photohem, photosens, photolon and photodithazine. Photodynamic therapy using photosensitizers of chlorine series (photolon and photoditazin) provides a better long-term results improving disease-free 3-year survival rate to 90.4% and 92.3%, respectively compared to 54.7% and 71.1% in groups, in which treatment was restricted by photohem and photosens.

The paper presents an analysis of literature on the results of treatment of edematous breast cancer as well as own data on the use of local hyperthermia for this pathology. Local hy- perthermia in combination with chemotherapy (thermochemo- therapy) was applied in 14 patients with secondary edematous breast cancer. Age of patients ranged from 37 to 72 years (mean 53 years). The study results indicate promising applica- tions of thermochemotherapy in edematous breast cancer: for operable patients as neoadjuvant, for inoperable patients as palliative method of treatment.

Malignant tumors of male breast are a rare phenomenon not only in Russia but also in other countries. Possibility to evaluate the incidence of these tumors among men appeared in Russia only since 2011. In Leningrad such data are published since 1980 and then they became a part of data on primary male patients with breast cancer in the IARC monographs “Cancer in 5 continents” from VI up to X volumes. This paper presents an analysis of the prevalence of breast cancer in men through the world and Russia. Detailed characteristics of data on patients according to digit 4 of ICD-10, the level of morphological verification along different age groups and the feature of histological structure of tumors has been conducted on database of the Population-based Cancer Registry of St. Petersburg. For the first time there are estimated relative survival rates in men diagnosed with breast cancer on the population level.

The purpose of this paper is the demonstration and analysis of the effectiveness of spinal cord stimulation in treatment of chronic drug-resistant neuropathy pain in a patient with radiation-induced plexopathy. She underwent radiation therapy for cancer of the right breast in 2000. Ten years later she complained with pain and weakness her right arm. After physical examination and investigation right-side brachial plexopathy was diagnosed. Antidepressant and anticonvulsant had positive effect during one year but then pain appeared again. That is why the patient has been implanted the system of epidural electrostimulation of thickening of the cervical spinal cord. During the post-operative period significant improvement of pain relief was noted. The doses of analgesics were decreased. Spinal cord stimulation efficacy for treatment of chronic pain was repeatedly proved in clinical investigation and meta-analyses. Nevertheless spinal cord stimulation effects on radiation-induced neurological disorders and possible pathophysiological mechanisms are not enough examined. All these facts require further investigation.

The paper summarizes biological, morphological and clinical aspects of spindling in malignant melanomas.

Sarcoma of the pulmonary artery is a rare tumor. At present the literature describes single cases. However the number of publications increases in recent time due to improved diagnostics. There are appeared papers, which provide a series of observations of surgical treatment for this kind of tumor exceeded more than 10 cases. It can be assumed that today the number of these cases in the literature contains several hundreds. Thus despite the rarity of this tumor there is a certain understanding of the clinical picture of this disease and treatment that we tried to do in this paper being studied the available literature and bringing four of our observation.

This paper presents an analysis of the results of cytological diagnostics of breast tumors in 3415 patients who underwent tests in the Laboratory of Cytology for 2009-2013. In 1434 patients there were performed cytohistological correlations. Sensitivity of cytology was 99.1%, specificity--93.5%, predictive value of the positive test--98.5%, predictive value of the negative test--95.9%, accuracy--98%. Non-informative material was obtained in 13.5% of cases. The main factors that reduced effectiveness of cytological method were non-informative and little informative material and also difficulties in conducting of differential cytomorphological diagnostics.

The earliest (in preclinical stages) detection of malignant tumor process is a key factor in successful treatment of cancer. What methods and approaches are most suitable for this purpose? The paper presents current understanding of the biological basis of the process of malignancy and analyzes the comparative opportunities and prospects for early detection of cancer using molecular genetics and immunochemical approaches.

Cervical cancer is the most common cancer of the female reproductive system up to 20% of malignant tumors of the female genital organs. Surgery is the main method in treatment for local cervical cancer but postoperative complications often are associated with dysfunction of the pelvic organs. Some researchers focus their attention on the preservation of the pelvic innervation without loss of surgery's radicalism, which is represented in this survey. The paper presents the results of comparative analysis of 54 cases of surgical treatment for invasive cervical cancer.

The purpose of this paper was to increase the effectiveness of radiation therapy (RT) of local recurrence of rectal cancer (MRRPK) by setting the preferred modes and dynamic medium dose fractionation irradiation MRRPK, assessing immediate outcomes, identifying the frequency and severity of early radiation reactions during radiation therapy. The study included 60 patients with a diagnosis of "local recurrence of rectal cancer." The median age was 67 years. Terms of recurrence after surgical treatment averaged 20 months. The histological structure of the tumor was presented adenocarcinoma in 57 (95%) patients. Radiation therapy (RT) was carried out in medium or dynamic fractionation. Chemotherapy used pelleted 5-fluorouracil. In group 1 (20 patients) received palliative radiotherapy course with a fractional dose of 3 Gy to 42 Gy SOD (SDeq 51 Gy). In group 2 (20 patients) underwent a course of radiotherapy using dynamic dose fractionation: fractional dose--4, 3 and 2 Gy to 51 Gy SDeq. In the third group (20 patients) underwent combined treatment using dynamic dose fractionation: fractional dose--4, 3 and 2 Gy to 56 Gy SDeq and chemotherapy--Xeloda or ftorafur. In group 1 complete regression was achieved in 1 patient, partial regression--15, stabilization--at 3, progression--at 1, that is clinical effect was observed in 19 of 20 patients. In group 2, complete regression of the tumor was diagnosed in 3 patients, partial regression--17, therefore, 100% of patients had received clinical effect. According to follow-up, 5 patients in this group were subsequently. In the third group of complete regression of the tumor was diagnosed in 7 patients, partial regression--13, ie, 100% of patients had received clinical effect. According to follow-up, 7 patients in this group were subsequently operated. Among the radiation reaction in group 1 nausea 1 tbsp. was observed in 3 patients, radiation Recto 1-2 degree--15, radiation epithelitis 1-2 degree--4 patients; in group 2, nausea 1 degree--At 7, radiation Recto 1-2 degree--At 7, radiation epithelitis 1-2 degree--In 6 patients and 6 reactions were observed; in the third group of nausea 1st. was observed in 7 patients, radiation Recto 1-2 degree--At 9, radiation epithelitis 1-2 degree--At 8 and 3 patients reactions were observed. Thus, when irradiated in the dynamic fractionation showed less pronounced dose response as beam during treatment, and after. Increasing the total dose with the addition radiomodification increases the frequency of complete responses with acceptable toxicity. As a result of treatment in all patients achieved a significant reduction in pain, relief of bleeding.

Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) comprise a heterogeneous group of rare malignancies from mesenchymal tissues. The biology of STS causes high aggressiveness, poor prognosis due to early development of distant metastases and limited chemotherapeutic options due to tumor resistance. The paper considers the current principles of chemotherapy for early and metastatic disease. Results of own experience of advanced STS patients' treatment are presented and discussed.

The paper is aimed at the determination of the efficiency of various technologies of conformal radiotherapy for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The study included 56 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the nasopharynx treated with conformal radiotherapy. 3D-CRT was performed for 28 patients, IMRT--22 patients, RapidArc--6 patients. Dosimetric parameters were determined for planned volumes and organs at risk. TD on high-risk areas was 70Gy, intermediate-risk zones 60-66Gy and low-risk areas 50-56 Gy. There were determined session duration of exposure and the number of monitor units to evaluate the efficiency of treatment. Average (Dmean), maximum (Dmax) and the minimum (Dmin) dose for RapidArc, IMRT and 3D-CRT on PTV amounted to 70.2 Gy, 69.1 Gy and 70.7 Gy; 76.2 Gy, 76.1 Gy and 77Gr; 48.8, 54.4 and 46,6Gr respectively. Compared with IMRT and 3R-CRT RapidArc reduce Dmean in the brainstem and optic nerves by 14.1% and 23%; 12.2% and 25% respectively. The average number of MU (monitor unit) with RapidArc, IMRT and 3D-CRT was 357, 1386 and 870. The average session time of irradiation was: with RapidArc, IMRT and 3D-CRT--300, 900 and 480 seconds. Compared with IMRT and 3D-CRT average treatment time and the number of monitor units in RapidArc were reduced by 74%, 42% and 67%, 47%. Thus RapidArc and IMRT technologies allow getting a better dose distribution in the irradiated volume, compared with 3 D-CRT on homogeneity and conformity. RapidArc technique reduces the pressure on the critical organs, diminishes exposure to the session and a number of MU.

During recent decades radiotherapy is the basis, on which it is built a medical complex that is the first-line treatment of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal. An increase of overall and disease-free survival and quality of life of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal at the present stage of development of a comprehensive medical treatment is largely due to the improvement of technical equipment of radiotherapy departments of oncology clinics. The use of modem linear electron accelerators and systems of computer dosimetric planning to create a 3D program of isodose distribution, diagnostic devices (computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging) as well as a number of other conditions permit accurate summarizing of proposed dose, reducing of absorbed dose to critical structures, diminishing unplanned interruptions in chemoradiotherapy course by means of modern technologies of conformal radiotherapy (3D CRT, IMRT, VMAT). The paper presents the preliminary results of a comprehensive medical treatment of 14 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal.

The paper presents a clinical case of a patient of 29 years old with a diagnosis of cervical cancer sIIA1 stage with the modern therapeutic approach: as a diagnostic and treatment phase there was performed videoendoscopic pelvic lymph node dissection at a 16-week pregnancy, excluded lymphogenous spread of tumor and on the basis of which it was decided to prolong pregnancy, given the strong desire of the patient to keep the baby. At a 19-week and a 23-week pregnancy there were two courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and at a 34-week--Cesarean delivery with simultaneous radical hysterectomy and ovarian transposition followed by a course of adjuvant distant radiotherapy. The final diagnosis was as pT2aN0M0. The observation was during 7 months: the patient is alive without recurrence, the child develops without physical and psychomotor abnormalities.

Frequency of separate malignancies and diabetes tends to an increase. This is one of the reasons that diabetes is more often attracting attention as a potential risk factor for cancer. At the same time, in general, relatively less attention is paid to the analysis of the question of whether the presence of diabetes is able to influence on features of neoplasm, inherent at the diagnosis, as well as on the clinical course of the tumor process and its outcomes. In this paper, exactly this aspect of the problem is considered on example of such common and characterized by undoubted specificity of tumors of the female reproductive system as breast cancer and uterine cancer.

The paper discusses the approaches and methods to obtain comparable estimates of cancer incidence and mortality in the regions of the country based on adjustments of official data as well as on the average age of the population of each region. There are offered procedures of such adjustment per the linear dependence of cancer incidence and mortality on middle-aged population. There are provided modifications of the linear models on 20 malignant tumor sites, reflecting these dependences, on the basis of information from regions of the Russian Federation for 2007-2011. An example of the calculation of the average age-adjusted cancer incidence rate of female population of the Belgorod region is considered. By using the proposed methods there were received the comparative assessments of cancer incidence and mortality in men and women in eighty-three regions of the Russian Federation. Based on these indicators there are defined the rates of variation of the levels of these phenomena on the majority of considered regions and also determined the most advantaged and disadvantaged regions of the country in accordance with these indicators.

The paper presents the results of a study of the ovarian reserve in young women who received treatment for malignant tumors in childhood and adolescence and are in complete clinical remission. The function of the reproductive system was evaluated by serum concentrations of gonadotropins, estradiol, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin B. The results were compared to the treatment, patients' age at the beginning of therapy and at the time of the examination. AMH level in serum was the most informative indicator of ovarian reserve in patients treated for malignant tumors.

Malignant trophoblastic tumors are hormone and hormone-dependent allografts initiated by, in the most cases, hydatidiform mole. The absence of methodological principles for monitoring of women after evacuation of hydatidiform mole often leads to late detection of the disease, inadequate chemotherapy conducted in clinics with no experience of treatment, followed by the development of drug-resistant tumors and worse prognosis. This paper analyzes the problem at the moment.

The paper presents an analysis of morbidity and mortality from prostate cancer ("crude" and standardized rates), taking into account regional differences. The regularities of the dynamics of analytical rates are particularly observed.

The paper analyzes the effectiveness of external beam radiation therapy of medullary thyroid cancer in 38 patients. The radiation therapy of the first phase combined therapy was performed in 9 (24 %) patients: after treatment, 5 patients had a partial response, 4--stabilization. The radiation therapy of the second phase combined therapy was performed in 27 (71%) patients: after treatment, 2 patients had a complete response (booster method), 5--partial response, 4--stabilization. External beam therapy has been performed in 2 (5 %) patients with palliative and symptomatic goals. Additionally has been estimated level of calcitonin in patients after combined treatment. The calcitonin level becomes normal without radiation therapy. Therefore, exposure for medullary thyroid carcinoma is questionable (exception for cases gain exposure to the rest of the tumor).

This paper analyzes the results of combined treatment with preoperative thermochemoradiotherapy in 28 patients with locally advanced laryngeal cancer (T3-4N0-3M0). Radiation therapy (RT) 32 Gy was carried out 5 times a week with splitting the daily dose of radiation on the 2 factions (interval 4 hours) on a "1 Gy + 1 Gy," in the days of the local hyperthermia (LGT)--on a "1 Gy + 3 Gy". LGT in an amount of 3-4 sessions was performed two times a week before the 2nd fraction of RT. The course of polychemotherapy was administered concurrently with RT and LGT. In 2-3 weeks after completion of the course thermochemoradiotherapy patients were operated. Organ-saving operations were performed 10 (56%) of 18 patients with primary tumors categories T3 and 2 (20%) of 10 with T4. Postoperative wounds healed by first intention in 21 (75%) patients. The cumulative 5-year overall survival in the whole group (T3-4N0-3) was 89%, for patients without regional metastases (T3-4N0)--100%. Relapse-free survival time for those patients with a primary tumor T3 equaled 94%, T4--90%. Relapse metastases occurred in 20% of patients. Thus, preoperative thermochemoradiotherapy is a highly effective method of treatment for locally advanced cancer of the larynx and does not lead to the development of severe postoperative complications.

In this paper we present the results of a randomized prospective study, in which we examined the influence of rIL-2 ("Ronkoleykin ") on the effectiveness of the R-CHOP combination in the first-line treatment of patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas. From March 2006 to December 2009, the study included 109 newly diagnosed patients. Standard R-CHOP was used in 59 patients, in 50 patients rIL-2 was added, injected subcutaneously in a dose of 1 million IU per day during each course in 1-5th days. It was found that the inclusion of rIL-2 in the R-CHOP regimen increased the effectiveness of the treatment of B-cell NHL with a high-risk of poor disease's course.

This paper analyzes the recalculation of plans for the exposure of patients with tumors of the lung, head and neck by the Monte Carlo method. There are presented the results of calculations with understating the dose by 29% when using the algorithm Ray-Tracing. It is proposed mandatory recalculation of dose by Monte Carlo method in planning exposure for patients with tumors of the lung and head and neck tumors to eliminate significant systematic errors in the values of input dose.

Unlabelled: Kinetic parameters of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) play a pivotal role in diagnostic and treatment of patients with prostate cancer (PCr). Assessment of PSA doubling time (PSADT) can be used for monitoring of treatment efficacy and predicting the outcomes of disease. The aim of the present paper is to analyze the PSADT in patients with different spread of PCr. Moreover, the initial PSADTs were studied with relation to overall survival. 336 PCr patients were included into the study. PSADT was measured usng two point method. Ill patients had localized PCr (T1-2N0M0), 90--regional-local PCr (T1-2N0M0) and 136 had generalized PCr (T1-4N1-2M1)., Results: Median PSADT in patients with generalized PCr amounted to 2,93 months and was significantly lower as compared to groups of patients with local and regional-local spread of disease--15,2 and 13,2 months respectively. Follow-up results revealed the link between PSADT and survival rates: the lower is PSADT, the worse are survival rates.

This paper describes the clinical results and immunologic changes in cutaneous melanoma patients receiving active specific immunotherapy with autologous dendritic cell vaccine (DCV) in combination with cyclophosphamide used as immunologic adjuvant. Twenty eight patients with morphologically verified stage III-IV cutaneous melanoma receiving therapy in N. N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology between 2008 and 2011 were included in the study. All patients signed an informed consent form. Nineteen patients (67,9%) received DCV in therapeutic setting, 9 (32,1%) received it in adjuvant setting. DCV therapy was well tolerated. No serious adverse events were registered. Frequent adverse events included Grade 1-2 unspecific symptoms (fever, fatigue, flu-like symptoms) observed in 22% patients after 3,5% of vaccinations. In therapeutic settings the use DCV lead to clinical effect (PR+SD) in 36,6% of patients. PR was observed in 5% of (95% CI 0-15%) patients, SD in 31,6% (95% CI 13-56%). Duration of the objective responses was 168-965+days. Addition of immunologic adjuvant (cyclophosphamide 300 mg/m2 IV 2 hours) 3 days before vaccination increased its efficacy. In this patients group (n=12) the therapy lead to clinical benefit in 42% (95% CI 17-69%) of cases, median time to progression was 91 (95% CI 55-126) days. This regimen was selected for adjuvant therapy. In the adjuvant therapy group (n=9) the median time to progression was 112 (95% CI 58-166) days. Immunologic monitoring showed correlation ofT- and B-cell immune response with DCV clinical efficacy (p<0,05), no correlation with delayed hypersensivity reaction was observed (p>0,1). DCV is well tolerated and shows immunological and clinical response in stage III-IV skin melanoma patients.

The paper describes the general experience of modern lung cancer treatment methods application. Neoadjuvant therapy was shown to improve the long-term results of stage III patients increasing the 5-year overall survival by 7,8% (p=0,012). The special diagnostic algorithm for treatment results evaluation including autofluorescence spectrometry with 97,1% sensitivity and 88,3% specificity was developed. The adjuvant external-beam radiotherapy in patients with mediastinal lymph nodes metastases was shown to increase the 5-year overall survival (14,7% versus 19,7%) (p=0,01). The combination of endotracheobronchial surgery with chemoradiotherapy allowed to increase the median survival time of patients with inoperable lung cancer to 17 months. Isolated lung chemoperfusion was shown to increase the overall (p=0,019) and relapse-free (p=0,005) survival in patients with lung metastases.

The paper deals with the importance of treatment of primary cancer of the trachea and, in particular, the experience of the Center in using radical therapy for inoperable squamous cell tumors and adenoid cystic carcinoma. An original system of tumor staging developed at the Center draws on international classifications (TNIVI) and methods of radiotherapy depending on tumor localization. It is shown that tracheal malignancies, especially adenoid cystic carcinomas, are characterized by relatively high radiosensitivity.

Our paper presents the results of preclinical evaluation of the mitigating effect of Metrop GP on the acute toxicity and hepatotoxicity induced by paclitaxel and doxorubicin treatment using functional samples and biochemical and morphological techniques.

The paper evaluates effects of different methods of systemic intraoperative anesthesia on the dynamics of leukocytes following colonic resection in tumor patients. Lymphocytes levels rose on day 2 after operation in patients receiving non-selective purine receptor agonists (sodium adenosine triphosphate) as an intraoperative analgesic and were significantly higher than in controls treated with conventional drugs (p

The paper discusses the effect of photography with near-infrared photography on survival of patients with prostate cancer (PC) after distant radio- (DRT) and hormonal therapy (January 2000 - June 2007). The control group (n=251) were treated with standard radio- and hormonal therapy alone. Besides, patients of the study group (n=308) received phototherapeutic treatment to prevent radiation-induced injuries of the urinary bladder and rectum. The groups were compared relatively to PC cell differentiation, DRT and hormonal treatment. Survival was evaluated (Caplan-Meyer); log-rank test was used to compare the results. Overall survival in the study group of patients with localized (T1-2N0 M0) and generalized (T1-4N0-1 M1) tumors did not differ from that of controls (p > or = 0.05). In patients with locally advanced tumors (T3-4N0-1 M0, T1-4N1 M0), significant differences in survival between controls and study group were recorded beginning from year 3 of the investigation: 5-year survival rates were 67% and 89%, respectively (p < or = 0.05).

The paper discusses the role of peritoneal macrophages in uptake and metabolic degradation of high-density proteins of lipoproteins in mice with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. These processes were found to be influenced by cortisol. Distinctions in spectra of endocellular proteins in tumor-associated macrophages and peritoneal ones in intact mice were identified and, in particular, relative to apolipoprotein E level. Our study demonstrated participation of macrophages in tumor cell-mediated regulation of protein biosynthesis rate under the influence of high-density lipoproteins and cortisol. Apolipoprotein E may play a role of mediator of negative feedback in the mechanism of accelerating protein biosynthesis in tumor cells.

The paper deals with evaluation of the literature data and our experience with automated quantitative cytometric examination of sputum for diagnosis of lung cancer and, in particular, early one. This novel procedure uses measurement of quantitative indices which characterise tumors-induced alterations. The LungSign computerized system was employed to scan cellular nuclei. The results were evaluated by linear discriminative analysis with the aid of ROC-curves and underlying areas. The procedures were run in 248 cases and its sensitivity was significantly higher that of a standard cytological one (36.6% and 13.3%, respectively; p = 0.033), albeit a slight decrease in specificity (93.7% and 100%, respectively; p = 0.003). Automated quantitative cytometric indices varied significantly in cohorts of patients with confirmed (-0.275871) and false (-1.24990) diagnosis of lung cancer (p = 0.0001).

The paper deals with mulivariate regression analysis of effects of latitude, economic environment and electricity consumption on breast cancer morbidity in 35 countries (1985-2007). Our data are compared with the influence of the same factors on incidence rates for ovarian carcinoma, endometrial and cervical cancer as well as those of the stomach, liver, colon and lung. It was found that rates of morbidity for breast, endometrial, colonic and lung cancer tend to increase north of the equator while cervical, gastric and hepatic cancer incidence is relatively higher in circumequatorial populations. In 1985, geographic factors made a dramatic contribution to hormone-dependent tumors incidence while economic ones--to that of gastrointestinal neoplasms. In the 2000-ies, climate-related risks of hormone-dependent tumors have gradually slumped down while those of economic and social factors have increased.

Radiochemotherapy is leading the universal research effort in fighting lethality: it is improving relapse-free survival of patients with inoperable glioblastoma, the most pernicious brain tumor in adults. Its effectiveness was found to depend on expression of Mgmt gene of tumor DNA reparation following radiochemotherapy and adequate medication based on the molecular phenotype of tumor. Our study involved a 40-year old male with a low level of Mgmt gene expression as established by stereotactic biopsy. The patient received hypofractionated three-dimensional conformational proton therapy with the benefit of temozolomide (140 mg/24 hr). Subsequently, the dose was raised to 360 mg/24 hr, on days 1-5 of the cycle. Contrast-enhanced MRI examination established significant diminishing of the size of tumors on completion of cycles 7 and 8; patients felt better, memory and blood indices improved. As of the time this paper was written, relapse-free survival was 17.5 months, as compared with the literature data on inoperable glioblastoma--5.5 months.