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Enteroviruses are responsible for [approximately equal to] 10-15 million symptomatic illnesses in the United States annually; however, epidemiologic surveillance and genetic characterization of many enterovirus subspecies is limited (1-3). Coxsackievirus [...]

Yes, this is the biggest issue of Mythlore since the 458-page Centenary Conference joint issue with the Tolkien Society in 1996. It's still true that anything over 300 pages triggers a bump in the postage to mail the issue, but the income from our electronic subscriptions can subsidize an occasional issue over this limit--like this one--without an increase to print subscription prices., Yes, THIS IS THE BIGGEST ISSUE of Mythlore since the 458-page Centenary Conference joint issue with the Tolkien Society in 1996. It's still true that anything over 300 pages triggers [...]

This article presents the outcomes of a study conducted in Victoria, Australia, that recognised teachers' knowledge and understanding of phonics teaching, and early literacy acquisition processes more generally. In total, 45 teachers and 220 students from the 18 focus schools who engaged in the reform initiative agreed to participate in this study. The questions posed considered understandings associated with the professional learning programme and processes that support the implementation of the phonics teaching and the impact this had on students' literacy learning. We share the data used to map teachers' stories of change and practice and some of the key factors, including structures, practices and attitudes, that influenced the implementation. The impact on students' reading and writing outcomes throughout the reform process are also reported. Combined, the findings indicate that the teaching of phonic knowledge, integrated into rich contexts for learning, contributed to improvements in teaching and students' early literacy skills. Furthermore, this study fills an important and common missing gap in professional learning as it explores implementation processes and practice in the classroom. The results inform continuing reform efforts and targeted research necessary to refine phonics teaching practice and further advance students' literacy outcomes. Keywords Early literacy * Reading * Writing * Phonics * Professional learning, 1 Introduction There is widespread agreement about the importance of phonic knowledge and code-based literacy practices in early years classrooms (Castles et al., 2018). As such, it is essential that [...]

SARS-CoV-2, a member of the family Coronaviridae, is a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) virus that has an [approximately equal to] 30-kb genome (1). During the COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 has caused [...]

On July 1, the Program on Children was renamed the Program on Children and Families. This change, which better captures the range of research carried out by its 171 affiliates, [...]

As with many good things, the idea for this special issue started with coffee and conversation. It was in Albuquerque at the first in-person Southwest Popular and American Culture Association [...]

Interactive Read-Alouds for Social Transformation Our elementary special education classroom includes children who have been identified with social-emotional exceptionalities under the standards for state and national Special Education Eligibility. However, [...]

THUÂN Elevator in Sài Gòn Trans. Nguyen An Ly. New York. New Directions. 2024. 194 pages. AFTER WINNING THE 2023 National Translation Award in Prose for the English translation of [...]

Norovirus is the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) worldwide. Norovirus has an [approximately equal to] 7.7 kb positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome organized into 3 open reading frames (ORFs). [...]

Peter Schakel was a prominent Lewis Scholar and long-time member of the Mythlore editorial board. Additional Keywords Mythopoeic Society; Tolkien Society of America; Mythlore; Schakel, Peter J., Dr. Peter J. Schakel was a long-time member of the Mythlore Editorial Board, joining with issue #67 (Autumn 1991). He was a member of the English faculty at Hope College [...]

Introduction Perinatal depression is common among women living with HIV, but depression care is limited in low-resource settings. We examined (1) characteristics of women receiving Problem Solving Therapy (PST) versus antidepressant therapy (ADT), (2) treatment response by modality, and (3) correlates of treatment response. Methods This analysis used data from 191 Ugandan women in the intervention arm of a cluster randomized controlled trial of task-shifted, stepped-care depression treatment for pregnant women living with HIV (PWLWH). Treatment response was defined as scoring < 5 on the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Bivariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression were used to examine characteristics of women by treatment group and correlates of treatment response. Results Of 134 participants with depression, 129 (96%) were treated: 84 (65%) received PST and 45 (35%) received ADT. Severe depression at treatment initiation was more common in those receiving ADT (28.9% versus 4.8%, Fischer's Exact Test < 0.001). Treatment response was higher for PST (70/84; 83.3%) than ADT (30/45; 66.7%; p = .03). ADT side effects were rare and minor; no infants had serious congenital defects. Of 22 participants (19%) who did not respond to treatment, only five received intensified management. Social support and interpersonal violence were associated with treatment response (adjusted odds ratio, [aOR] = 3.06, 95% CI = 1.08-8.66 and aOR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.44-0.93). Discussion Both depression treatment modalities yielded high response rates in Ugandan PWLWH; ADT was well-tolerated. Our results highlight a need to build capacity to implement the stepped-care protocol for non-responders and screen for social support and interpersonal violence., Author(s): Laura J. Faherty [sup.1] [sup.2] , Violet Gwokyalya [sup.3] , Akena Dickens [sup.3] , Ryan McBain [sup.1] , Vicky Ngo [sup.4] , Janet Nakigudde [sup.3] , Juliet Nakku [sup.3] [...]

Syphilis, caused by Treponema pallidum, results in substantial disease and death if left untreated. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated a global burden of 6 million new syphilis infections in [...]

Earlier this year we lost a mainstay of the Mythopoeic Society and a regular contributor to these pages. Mike's wit, warmth, joie de vivre, and journalistic background contributed to a [...]

THE FAIRY TALE WORLD. Edited by Andrew Teverson. Routledge, 2019. Hardback 9781138217577; paperback 9781032475707. $216 hardback; $58 paperback; also available for eTextbook rental. Fairy tales are sister, source, and shadow [...]

Author(s): Yaseen M. Arabi [sup.1], Janet Diaz [sup.2], François Lamontagne [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.412149.b, 0000 0004 0608 0662, Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health [...]

Original citation: J Clin Invest. 2024; 134(10):e173278. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI173278. Citation for this corrigendum: J Clin Invest. 2024;134(16):e185290. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI185290 During the preparation of this manuscript, Daniel Duprez's information was inadvertently omitted from [...]

Abstract A well-functioning financial system can be a powerful engine for economic growth, while a fragile system can generate deep pain when it fails. Our goal as policymakers is to [...]

This historical commentary describes formative events in the history of test reviewing as it has unfolded over the past 8 decades and recounts how the tradition established by Oscar Krisen Buros has continued and evolved since his death in 1978. The narrative provides the context in which psychological tests first appeared and subsequent concerns about their quality and claims made by their respective publishers. The discussion then recounts the test reviewing efforts undertaken by Oscar Buros to address these issues, discusses challenges faced during the early years of these efforts, and reviews the contributions of Luella Buros, Oscar's wife. Reference volumes in the Mental Measurements Yearbook series that Oscar Buros founded in 1938 continue to provide independent expert reviews of tests representing a wide spectrum of mental measurements that are used for a variety of purposes. The article concludes with a description of how Buros's mission to improve the science and practice of testing and assessment has been preserved and extended. KEYWORDS: test reviewing, history, Buros, Mental Measurements Yearbook, testing, The latter part of the 19th century saw rapid developments in the fledgling science of psychology, beginning with the founding of Wundt's experimental laboratory at the University of Leipzig in [...]

ABSTRACT Digitally notated music scores are widely created and distributed. But the collaborative nature of the online environment and variety of file formats and software choices, both proprietary and open-source, [...]

Indigenous peoples are culturally distinct peoples and societies who share ties to their ancestral lands and natural resources where they live, visit or have been displaced from. About 476.6 million [...]

BACKGROUND. Preclinical studies suggest that cholesterol accumulation leads to insulin resistance. We previously reported that alterations in a monocyte cholesterol metabolism transcriptional network (CMTN)--suggestive of cellular cholesterol accumulation--were cross-sectionally associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here, we sought to determine whether the CMTN alterations independently predict incident prediabetes/T2D risk, and correlate with cellular cholesterol accumulation. METHODS. Monocyte mRNA expression of 11 CMTN genes was quantified among 934 Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) participants free of prediabetes/T2D; cellular cholesterol was measured in a subset of 24 monocyte samples. RESULTS. During a median 6-year follow-up, lower expression of 3 highly correlated LXR target genes--ABCG1 and ABCA1 (cholesterol efflux) and MYLIP (cholesterol uptake suppression)--and not other CMTN genes, was significantly associated with higher risk of incident prediabetes/T2D. Lower expression of the LXR target genes correlated with higher cellular cholesterol levels (e.g., 47% of variance in cellular total cholesterol explained by ABCG1 expression). Further, adding the LXR target genes to overweight/obesity and other known predictors significantly improved prediction of incident prediabetes/T2D. CONCLUSION. These data suggest that the aberrant LXR/ABCG1-ABCA1-MYLIP pathway (LAAMP) is a major T2D risk factor and support a potential role for aberrant LAAMP and cellular cholesterol accumulation in diabetogenesis. FUNDING. The MESA Epigenomics and Transcriptomics Studies were funded by NIH grants 1R01HL101250, 1RF1AG054474, R01HL126477, R01DK101921, and R01HL135009. This work was supported by funding from NIDDK R01DK103531 and NHLBI R01HL119962., Introduction While hypercholesterolemia is a common feature of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), its role in the pathogenesis of this disease is not well established. The negative impact of [...]

: Introduction: In South Africa, the HIV care cascade remains suboptimal. We investigated the impact of small conditional financial incentives (CFIs) and male‐targeted HIV‐specific decision‐support application (EPIC‐HIV) on the HIV care cascade. Methods: In 2018, in uMkhanyakude district, 45 communities were randomly assigned to one of four arms: (i) CFI for home‐based HIV testing and linkage to care within 6 weeks (R50 [US$3] food voucher each); (ii) EPIC‐HIV which are based on self‐determination theory; (iii) both CFI and EPIC‐HIV; and (iv) standard of care. EPIC‐HIV consisted of two components: EPIC‐HIV 1, provided to men through a tablet before home‐based HIV testing, and EPIC‐HIV 2, offered 1 month later to men who tested positive but had not yet linked to care. Linking HITS trial data to national antiretroviral treatment (ART) programme data and HIV surveillance programme data, we estimated HIV status awareness after the HITS trial implementation, ART status 3 month after the trial and viral load suppression 1 year later. Analysis included all known individuals living with HIV in the study area including those who did not participated in the HITS trial. Results: Among the 33,778 residents in the study area, 2763 men and 7266 women were identified as living with HIV by the end of the intervention period and included in the analysis. After the intervention, awareness of HIV‐positive status was higher in the CFI arms compared to non‐CFI arms (men: 793/908 [87.3%] vs. 1574/1855 [84.9%], RR = 1.03 [95% CI: 0.99−1.07]; women: 2259/2421 [93.3%] vs. 4439/4845 [91.6%], RR = 1.02 [95% CI: 1.00−1.04]). Three months after the intervention, no differences were found for linkage to ART between arms. One year after the intervention, only 1829 viral test results were retrieved. Viral suppression was higher but not significant in the EPIC‐HIV intervention arms among men (65/99 [65.7%] vs. 182/308 [59.1%], RR = 1.11 [95% CI: 0.88−1.40]). Conclusions: Small CFIs can contribute to achieve the first step of the HIV care cascade. However, neither CFIs nor EPIC‐HIV was sufficient to increase the number of people on ART. Additional evidence is needed to confirm the impact of EPIC‐HIV on viral suppression., INTRODUCTION Despite progress towards UNAIDS's 95‐95‐95, the number of people living with HIV (PLHIV) aware of their HIV status or on antiretroviral treatment (ART) remains insufficient in South Africa [1]. [...]

The burial of multiple individuals within a single funerary monument invites speculation about the relationships between the deceased: were they chosen on the basis of status, gender or relatedness, for example? Here, the authors present the results of aDNA and isotope analyses conducted on seven individuals from an Early Iron Age barrow at Dolge njive, south-eastern Slovenia. All seven individuals are close biological relatives. While the group composition suggests strict adherence to neither patrilineal nor matrilineal structures, the funerary tradition appears highly gendered, and family links through both the male and female lines seem important in structuring of the community. The results have implications for understanding of kinship and funerary practices in late prehistoric Europe. Keywords: Slovenia, Iron Age, genetic sequencing, funerary archaeology, isotope analysis, social organisation, Introduction The beginning of the Early Iron Age (c. 800--450 BC) in South-east Europe was characterised by a number of significant social changes. In many cases, these developments appear to [...]

Author(s): Jerry P. Nolan [sup.1] [sup.2], Katherine M. Berg [sup.3] [sup.4], Janet E. Bray [sup.5] [sup.6] [sup.7] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.7372.1, 0000 0000 8809 1613, Warwick Medical School, University of [...]

Gender-based Violence (GBV) during the perinatal period is a serious concern as it is associated with many adverse outcomes for both the mother and the baby. It is well known that violence is under-reported. Thus, official statistics (both police reports and survey data) underestimate the prevalence of violence in general and during the perinatal period specifically. In this study conducted in Canada, we sought to explore the barriers to and facilitators of women disclosing their experiences of GBV within healthcare services to safely facilitate more disclosure in the future and reduce the harms that arise from GBV. We used thematic analysis to analyze in-depth interviews with 16 healthcare providers (nurses, midwives and physicians) and 12 survivors of GBV. The data reflect three main themes: 'raising awareness of gender-based violence', 'creating a shift in the healthcare system's approach toward gender-based violence' and 'providing support for survivors and care providers.' Our findings suggest that the healthcare system should increase its investments in raising awareness regarding GBV, training healthcare providers to respond appropriately, and building trust between survivors and healthcare providers. Healthcare providers need to be aware of their role and responsibility regarding identifying GBV as well as how to support survivors who talk about violence. Expanding a relationship-based approach in the care system and providing support for both survivors and health care providers would likely lead to more disclosures., Author(s): Ann Pederson [sup.1] , Jila Mirlashari [sup.2] , Janet Lyons [sup.3] , Lori A. Brotto [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.17091.3e, 0000 0001 2288 9830, Population Health School of Population [...]

The lack of effective school-based interventions for addressing mental health issues and psychological well-being in young people, particularly those with stakeholder involvement, for reducing test anxiety in adolescents has caused a call for interventions to be developed through the process of co-production with the key stakeholders, i.e. teachers and students. The purpose of this paper is to present the development and modelling of a coproduced school-based intervention to improve mental health and psychological well-being in adolescents in the post-primary setting. The intervention was developed through a six step co-production model. This included an extensive evidence review, interviews (n = 7), focus groups (n = 6), observations in three school settings and initial modelling of the intervention programme and resources in the co-research partner school. Findings were used to identify the preferred structure and content of the intervention. A six-week intervention for 12-14 year olds was co-produced along with relevant teacher resources and student work books. The intervention consisting of a psycho-educational component and physical activity component underpinned by cognitive, behavioural and self-regulation theories aimed to reduce test anxiety and improve psychological well-being. The co-production model was a successful series of six steps used to create and refine the intervention. The programme represents a theoretically informed intervention comprising multiple components. This study contributes to a better understanding of the determinants of mental health issues among young people and how an intervention can be effectively co-produced. The results suggest that a feasibility study is warranted with teachers delivering the programme., Author(s): Ruth D. Neill [sup.1] , Katrina Lloyd [sup.2] , Paul Best [sup.2] , Janet Williamson [sup.3] , Jack Allen [sup.3] , Mark. A. Tully [sup.4] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.12641.30, [...]

Rather than Sunrise (1927), F. W. Murnau dearly wanted his first film for Fox to be Frozen Justice, based on Danish explorer Ejnar Mikkelsen's 1920 novel, and to shoot it in Alaska. Studio boss Winfield Sheehan, however, thought that Murnau's friend John Ford should make that film closer to home, an idea Ford did not take up. Extensive Fox studio documentation and Murnau's correspondence show a much more convoluted history of Murnau at Fox than has previously been detailed and reveal more of the director's personality. Contracts with his writers and studio papers show that Murnau never lost hope that he could make his Alaska film for Fox. Even after leaving Fox, his partnership with Robert Flaherty to make films in faraway places could have led to Alaska after completing Tabu (1931) in the South Seas had it not been for Murnau's untimely death from an auto accident. KEYWORDS: F. W. Murnau, Robert Flaherty, John Ford, Ejnar Mikkelsen, Fox Films, Frozen Justice, Arctic filmmaking, Berthold Viertel, Carl Mayer, 'I have definitely made up my mind to film the story Frozen Justice... . I feel fully grown together with the story, I love it and it would be hard [...]

AS WINTER SLOWLY LOOSENS ITS GRIP on the upper Midwest (not without a tornadic tantrum or two), welcome to the spring 2023 Mythlore! Serendipitously, our two lead articles on Terry [...]