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Hybrid Meeting "2nd GNSS Polarimetric Radio Occultations User Workshop" What: Over 80 people from 14 countries, 3 continents, and over 40 different affiliations, from government agencies, research centers, universities, and the commercial space sector, discussed the status of the polarimetric radio occultation technique and applications being developed from the current and future observations, with focus on its use for and in numerical weather prediction modeling. When: 28-29 November 2023 Where: Hybrid, at the Keck Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California. Co-organized by JPL and ICE-CSIC/IEEC. KEYWORDS: Atmosphere; Cloud microphysics; Convective-scale processes; Thermodynamics; Numerical weather prediction/ forecasting; Convective parameterization, 1. Introduction Conventional radio occultations (ROs) track the phase delay induced by water vapor and air density gradients in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals as they propagate through Earth's [...]

Distance learning methods have had a dramatic effect on undergraduate education and are being incorporated by graduate and professional programs in a variety of areas, including psychology. To address the implications of these developments, an APA task force was organized in 2001 and presented its findings in 2002. This article summarizes key findings of the task force regarding (a) developments in distance education applications to training in professional psychology, (b) significant issues regarding best practices and quality assurance, (c) implications of accreditation standards for programs based on distance methods, (d) licensure and recognition of graduates from online programs, and (e) implications of distance education methods for campus-based programs. Keywords: graduate education, distance education, distance learning, online education

OBJECTIVE. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether adaptive responses made to the uterine or very early infant environment are affecting the current metabolic health of young children in the United Kingdom. METHODS. Participants were 300 healthy children and their parents from the EarlyBird Diabetes Study cohort. Children were recruited from randomly selected schools at 5 years of age. Retrospective measures were maternal prepregnancy weight (n = 230), maternal fasting glucose levels at 28 weeks of pregnancy (n = 27), birth weight, and infant weight at ages 3 and 6 weeks. Prospective measures were insulin resistance, height, weight, and percentage of body fat (sum of 5 skinfold measurements) at ages 5, 6, 7, and 8 years. RESULTS. Maternal third-trimester fasting glucose levels were associated positively with birth weight but were not associated with either weight or insulin resistance for the same children at 8 years. Birth weight was unrelated to insulin resistance at 8 years. There were no relationships between weight change in the first weeks of life and weight, percentage of fat, or insulin resistance at 8 years. Longer breastfeeding correlated inversely, although weakly, with percentage of body fat for boys only. Current weight was correlated with insulin resistance at 8 years. CONCLUSIONS. For these contemporary children, neither the gestational environment nor early postnatal growth predicted insulin resistance, which was best predicted by current weight. There was no evidence that predictive adaptive responses made by the fetus or infant affected the child's weight or insulin resistance later in childhood. Key Words birth weight, body composition, body mass index, breasffeeding, children, fetal programming, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, obesity, weight Abbreviation HOMA-IR--homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance, GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY TO the metabolic syndrome can have changed little in recent decades, but environmental risk has increased dramatically. The industrialized world is experiencing an epidemic of childhood and adult [...]

Objective. Recent studies of type 2 diabetes in young populations consistently show a predominance of affected girls over boys. Girls are more insulin resistant than boys. We aimed in the present report to establish how much of the sex difference in insulin resistance is intrinsic. Methods. EarlyBird is a community-based, nonintervention cohort study of 307 healthy children from school entry at age 5 years. It asks the question: which children are insulin resistant and why? Anthropometric measures, physical activity, resting energy expenditure, and insulin resistance and its metabolic correlates were measured. Results. At 5 years, insulin resistance was 35% higher in girls than in boys. Girls carried 26% more subcutaneous fat despite similar body weights. However, after correcting for anthropometric variables and physical activity, girls remained 33% more insulin resistant than boys. Triglycerides were significantly higher in girls, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and sex hormone--binding globulin were significantly lower. Conclusions. Sex-linked genes may account for the intrinsic sex difference observed. These genes may have an important impact on the development of insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome and may help b explain the female preponderance of type 2 diabetes in children. Their identification may also help in understanding the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Pediatrics 2004;113:82-86; type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, sex difference, programming, sex-linked genes., Type 2 diabetes is becoming a global public health problem. (1) The World Health Organization predicts a rise in prevalence of type 2 diabetes during the 30 years 1995-2025 of [...]

THE WORLD'S FIRST gay comic strip was arguably Harry Chess: That Man from A.U.N.T. I.E., which first appeared in the Philadelphia homophile publication Drum from 1965 to '66. The strip [...]

The present study addressed the utility of the construct of social interest as related to the behaviors of criminal offenders. Social interest involves concern for others and optimism regarding one's view of the world. Offender scores on the Sulliman Scale of Social Interest (J. R. Sulliman, 1973) were examined along with demographic and criminal history predictors of parolee outcomes following release from a medium security correctional institution. The results indicated significant relationships between social interest scores and offender outcome as demonstrated by employment status, new felony arrests, and reincarceration status. The results have implications for those involved in predictive and rehabilitative efforts with criminal offenders., A Bureau of Justice study of offenders released from state prisons in 1983 revealed that 62.5% were rearrested for a serious offense and 41.5% were returned to jail or prison [...]

A new study uses low energy electron-excited nanoscale luminescence spectroscopy to identify the AlGaN deep level defects in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor device structures.

Managed care significantly affects the service delivery patterns, business structures, ethics, and professional concerns of independent practitioners. This survey assessed psychologists' perceptions of the effects of managed care on practice and ethics. Most respondents reported significant increases in dependence on managed care services for income. Negative effects included loss of control over clinical decisions and potential harm to patients from erosion of confidentiality. A majority of respondents reported encountering ethical concerns not addressed by the American Psychological Association ethics code. Findings suggest directions for practice development, for public policy addressing confidentiality, and for clarification of ethical responsibilities.

Amniotes undergoing oviparous development are exquisitely accessible to physiological measurement and manipulation. Further, interpretation of data obtained from studying these embryos is less complicated than that obtained for placentals, where maternal regulatory actions may account, at least in part, for fetal homeostasis. Nevertheless, surprisingly little is known about the developmental physiology of hydromineral balance in bird and reptile embryos, especially when compared to information gleaned from mammalian concepti. The data are even more scarce for specific homeostatic mechanisms which involve embryonic or maternally deposited hormones. Published reports fall into three general categories, the majority of which concern direct or indirect evidence for hypophyseal actions: (1) Classic endocrine organ-deletion experiments involving hypophysectomy (partial decapitation) of chicken embryos. The data strongly suggest that one or more pituitary factors normally act to reduce fluid volumes and electrolyte concentrations of the allantois and to maintain the relatively high sodium and chloride gradients between the allantois and the other embryonic or extraembryonic compartments. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), prolactin (PRL), and arginine vasotocin (AVT) have been implicated as potentially important pituitary hormones involved in these actions. (2) Treatment of embryos with a variety of exogenous hormones, including PRL, growth hormone, and 1, 25 dihydroxycholecalciferol (the hormonal form of vitamin D). These hormones have their most profound effect on the allantoic compartment as well as the yolk sac (vitamin D), resulting in altered fluid volumes and/or perturbations of the fluid electrolytes. (3) Ontogeny of synthesis of hormones with suspected osmoregulatory functions and the subsequent appearance of these hormones in embryonic plasma. This latter group includes synthesis and release of embryonic hormones in response to osmotic challenge during development. The data from these three related areas, combined with basic developmental physiology work, suggest that the target organs for the hormones involved in hydromineral regulation in bird embryos are likely to include the embryonic kidneys as well as the membranes of the extraembryonic compartments, especially the allantois.

Sixty percent of directors of clinical training (DCTs) at the nation's 164 clinical psychology programs accredited by the American Psychological Association (APA) responded to a survey regarding their attitudes toward the hypothetical implementation of a sample predoctoral prescription training model created by the APA's Ad Hoc Task Force on Psychopharmacology (APA, 1992). Results suggested that the majority of DCTs (62%) remained equivocal regarding the implementation of such training at their program. A majority (62%) identified postdoctoral specialization as the preferred method of prescription training. DCTs' perceptions of the benefits of adding predoctoral prescription training best predicted their estimations that such training would be incorporated at their clinical program.

A study was conducted to determine the effects of decisions by the Boston Juvenile Court regarding the care and protection of 206 abused children. Of the 206 respondents who were all below 13 years of age, 63 were ordered to begiven back to their parents for custody. Findings revealed that majority of the children's parents were poor and had psychiatric illnesses. It was also learned that 18 of the children who were returned to their homes were again mistreated by their parents. These results point to an urgent need for the courts to revise parental custody criteria and improve services for abused children.

The temperature dependence of the specific rotations of alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, pinane, camphene, camphor, and fenchone were measured in ethylcyclohexane solutions from 0 to 100 degree Celsius, at several wavelengths. The observed temperature dependence of the specific rotations of the compounds had important consequences for variable temperature studies of chiral compounds having two or more conformers with similar energies.

Most psychologists in private practice will at some point consider contracting with a managed care organization (MCO) as a part of joining that MCO's provider panel. Such contracts are structured to advantage the HMO, and there are a number of specific contractual features that psychologists have often found problematic. This article offers a review of issues and contractual features that psychologists may wish to consider when contracting with MCOs and offers recommendations for alternative contractual arrangements that may be helpful for psychologists to negotiate when possible.

To support psychology's continued evolution as a profession, it is important to conceptualize roles that psychologists can play in the future and create pathways for developing and accessing them. This article considers a variety of roles that may become central to professional psychology in the future. Important opportunities appear to exist in the areas of psychological management of health and disease, serious mental illness, and public policy. Psychology faces both internal and external barriers to accessing these roles in larger numbers. Strategies related to public education, policy and advocacy, marketing, and training are recommended for overcoming them.

The market forces that have shaped the practice of psychology in recent years have occurred within the context of broader changes in the U.S. health care system over several decades. This article reviews important trends in the mental health marketplace and considers the opportunities that these trends may present for professional psychology. There now appears to be more opportunity to balance cost and quality considerations within an increasingly competitive and regulated managed care market with increasingly sophisticated purchasers. Several emerging payment models may provide additional opportunities for psychologists with the requisite knowledge and business strategy to assume the risk involved.