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A study of photobrominations of substituted cumenes is presented. A possibility of obtaining differential activation parameters due to temperature effects has been discussed.

In this paper, we propose a novel approach for resolution-enhanced computational reconstruction of far 3-D objects by employing a direct pixel mapping (DPM) method in the curving-effective integral imaging (CEII) system. In this method, by using the DPM method, an elemental image array (EIA) picked up from a far 3-D object can be computationally transformed into a new EIA, which virtually looks like the EIA picked up from a near object. Therefore, with this newly transformed EIA a much better resolution-enhanced object image can be reconstructed in the CEII system. Good experimental results confirmed the feasibility of the proposed method. [c] 2009 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 100.6890, 110.2990.

Several studies are conducted to explain the fabrication and multivalued (MV) functionality of a Si-based single-electron-based exclusive-OR (XOR) logic gate. The gate is shown to be extremely useful as a fast arithmetic circuit operation in various device elements.

A band-offset-based unified-RAM (URAM) cell fabricated on a Si/[Si.sub.1-y][C.sub.y] substrate is used for the fusion of a nonvolatile memory (NVM) and a capacitorless 1T-DRAM. The band-engineered URAM has yielded a cost-effective process that is compatible with a conventional body-tied FinFET SONOS and the URAM has shown highly reliable NVM and high-speed 1T-DRAM operations in a single memory cell.

The gate height ([H.sub.g]) effects on the program efficiency and retention characteristics of nonvolatile memory (NVM) and one-transistor DRAM (1T-DRAM) are examined in terms of the FinFET SONOS structure of the unified random access memory (URAM). The device with the lower [H.sub.g] has shown poor retention characteristics in the NVM unlike the 1T-DRAM.

A bi-exponential model with random coefficients is proposed for describing the nonlinear degradation paths caused by nano-contamination in plasma display panels (PDP). Findings reveal an improvement in the reliability estimation.

The optimization of the sintering condition of cordierite is discussed. Highest relative density of 98.7 percent was observed in cordierite samples sintered from 1375 degree Celsius to 1440 degree Celsius for 2 hours.

The investigation of the dielectric properties of ([A.sup.2+.sub.1/3][B.sup.5+.sub.2/3])0.5[Ti.sub.0.5][O.sub.2] ([A.sup.2+] = Zn, Mg, [B.sup.5+ = Nb, Ta) ceramics at microwave frequencies is discussed. The decrease in bond valence resulted in a larger dielectric constant in the specimens with [B.sup.5+] = Nb than those with [Ba.sup.5+] = Ta.

A study was undertaken to determine the long term effects among patients who had undergone a coronary stenting and a coronary-artery bypass grafting (CABG) with unprotected left main coronary artery disease. Results showed that the incidence of revascularization was higher among patients who had received stents than those who had undergone a CABG.

The development of a general and efficient method for synthesis of all-(E)-polyprenols from readily available geranyl sulfone is described. The synthesis highlight the possibility of controlling the cyclization cascades of acyclic terpenoids under an acidic condition by inserting the flat and rigid benzenesulfonyl group into the polyprenyl chains.

A modal-strain-based damage index is proposed to investigate the damage effects of discrete delaminations in a laminated composite structure. The Fermi-Dirac distribution function is incorporated with an improved layerwise laminate theory to model a smooth transition of the displacement and strain fields at the delaminated interfaces. The finite element technique is used to implement the proposed displacement field. Modal analysis is conducted to investigate the dynamic effects of delamination in a laminated structure and to obtain modal strains. The damage index is calculated based on fundamental modal strains of laminated structures. The damage effects of laminated structures are investigated using arbitrary size, number, location, and boundary conditions of discrete delaminations. It is observed that the proposed modal strain damage index provides accurate information of discrete delaminations.

One-photon mass-analyzed threshold ionization (MATI) spectrum of trans-[C.sub.2][H.sub.2][Cl.sub.2] is obtained by using vacuum ultraviolet radiation generated by four-wave mixing in Kr. The spectrum has displayed abundant overtones and combinations and the equilibrium geometry of the cation is estimated through the Franck-Condon fit.

The aim is to discover the properties of the statistical models for the representation of the noisy speech spectra and to apply the statistical models to voice activity detection. An extensive study and experiments made it possible to understand that complex Laplacian and Gamma probability density functions are strong candidates for a parametric representation of the noisy speech spectra distribution.

A library containing 1200 analogues of 2,6-difunctionalized 2-methyl-2H-1-benzopyran that was constructed using a solid-phase synthesis protocol is described. The success of the process was confirmed by the disappearance of the benzyoxy ester carbonyl band at 1720 cm(super -1).

The light-current (L-I), spectral, and far-field characteristics of quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) with seven different wavelengths in the lambda = 4.3 to 6.3 mum ranges are reported. Simulations of a wide-stripe photonic-crystal distributed-feedback QCL is described which based on the quality is projected to emit multiple watts of continuous-wave (CW) power into a single-mode beam at T=200K.

High-density plasma etching of InP-based compound semiconductor lasers with Cl2-N2-based gas mixtures using the inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching system and the demonstration of microring layers coupled to nanoscale waveguides are described. A submilliampere threshold current is obtained at room temperature for the waveguide-coupled microning lasers with a diameter of 10 micrometer.

The substantial suppression of infrared blackbody emission from HgCdTe photoiodide arrays with cutoff wavelengths of 4.8, 5.5, and 6.0 micrometer. At room temperature, a reverse bias induces internal negative luminescence efficiencies of 95%, 93%, and 88%, respectively, which correspond to apparent cooling of the surface temperatures by 60, 59, and 49K.

A series of (super 195)Pt and (super 13)C NMR spectroscopic and electrochemical experiments on commercial Pt-Ru alloy nanoparticles is carried out and the results are compared with those on Pt-black samples having similar particle sizes. An analysis of the (super 13)C spin-lattice relaxation results indicates that Ru addition causes a reduction in the Fermi level local density of states of the clean metal surface atoms and the 2pi orbital of adsorbed CO.

The article presents the first annual composite environmental index for South Korea using data from 1986 to 1995. The index has risen by 5.3% per year over this period, indicating that the nation's environmental quality is deteriorating. Causes include biodiversity loss, exotoxication, natural resource depletion and the greenhouse effect.

The first combined application of solid-state electrochemical NMR (EC NMR), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and potentiostatic current generation is reported. This is done in order to investigate the topic of ruthenium promotion of MeOH electro-oxidation over nanoscale platinum catalysts.

An investigation of the production of C7H7+ in the unimolecular and photoinduced dissociation of ethylbenzene, methylcyclo-heptatriene and o-, m- and p-xylene ions, using mass-analyzed ion kinetic energy spectrometry is made. This investigation shows an interesting trend of increasing benzylium production with the increase in the total number of carbon atoms in the alkyl substituents.

Research has been conducted on the translational and rotational entropy. Different activation entropies exhibiting larger magnitudes than their differential terms are discussed.

Issues are presented concerning the random chords of a circle as depicted in Bertrand's paradox. The interpretation of Bertrand's paradox by mathematicians Mark Kac, M.W. Crofton, E.T. James and E. Borel is discussed.

The isomerizations of 11 diphenyl N-(substituted benzyl) ketenimines at 40, 50, 60, and 70 C are described. The sigma-dot constants are bona fide spin-delocalization constants.