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This study follows McLay et al., Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, (2020) to investigate whether the function-based behavioral sleep interventions received by 41 children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) produced collateral improvements in ASD severity, internalizing and externalizing symptoms and parent relationship quality, ratings of depression, anxiety and stress, and personal sleep quality. Concomitant with reduced sleep problem severity, improvements were found in children's internalizing and externalizing behavior and ASD symptom severity. Small improvements were also found in maternal sleep quality and parental stress. There was little change in parental relationship quality post-treatment, possibly reflecting high baseline scores. Overall, collateral benefits were generally small but positive, consistent with the limited extant research, and underscore the importance of investigating collateral effects across a range of variables., Author(s): Laurie L. McLay [sup.1] , Karyn G. France [sup.1] , Neville M. Blampied [sup.2] , Jolene E. Hunter [sup.1] , Jenna R. van Deurs [sup.1] , Emma C. Woodford [...]

Cold stress syndrome (CSS) in the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) results in perturbations to many physiological pathways, often leading to further illness or death. In this study, we applied a non-targeted lipidomics approach with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry to characterize changes related to CSS in the lipidomic profiles of manatee plasma. Lipidomic analyses were conducted on healthy manatee (control) and cold-exposed manatee plasma samples with varying concentrations of Serum Amyloid A (SAA), an acute-phase protein that is associated with inflammatory disease. Control manatees (n = 10) were compared to all manatees exposed to cold temperatures (n = 17), and a subset of those manatees with SAA values > 120 [mu]g/mL (n = 9). Increased SAA values were associated with higher levels of various acylcarnitine lipids, while several triacylglycerols and oxidized triacylglycerols were significantly lower in manatees with cold exposure. These identified lipids are critical molecules involved in the maintenance of energy homeostasis and could potentially be examined in conjunction with current physical parameters to characterize cold stress. The ability to detect such differences highlights the addition of lipidomics as a valuable tool in understanding cold stress and potentially other illnesses in manatees. Further investigation into the function of the altered lipids could greatly increase our understanding of lipid metabolism in physiologically stressed manatees as well as other marine mammals and inform future management recovery strategies., Author(s): Emily K. Griffin [sup.1] , Kaylie Anne Costa [sup.1] , Juan J. Aristizabal-Henao [sup.1] , Michael P. Napolitano [sup.2] , Margaret E. Hunter [sup.3] , Jason A. Ferrante [sup.3] [...]

The peptide hormone urocortin3 (Ucn3) is abundantly expressed by mature beta cells, yet its physiological role is unknown. Here we demonstrate that Ucn3 is stored and co-released with insulin and potentiates glucose-stimulated somatostatin secretion via cognate receptors on delta cells. Further, we found that islets lacking endogenous Ucn3 have fewer delta cells, reduced somatostatin content, impaired somatostatin secretion, and exaggerated insulin release, and that these defects are rectified by treatment with synthetic Ucn3 in vitro. Our observations indicate that the paracrine actions of Ucn3 activate a negative feedback loop that promotes somatostatin release to ensure the timely reduction of insulin secretion upon normalization of plasma glucose. Moreover, Ucn3 is markedly depleted from beta cells in mouse and macaque models of diabetes and in human diabetic islets. This suggests that Ucn3 is a key contributor to stable glycemic control, whose reduction during diabetes aggravates glycemic volatility and contributes to the pathophysiology of this disease., Insulin-secreting beta cells and glucagon-secreting alpha cells are organized in close proximity within the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas to facilitate the local coordination of the release of both [...]

The red lionfish (Pterois volitans) is an invasive predatory marine fish that has rapidly expanded its presence in the Western Hemisphere. We collected 214 invasive red lionfish samples from nine countries and territories, including seven unpublished locations. To more comprehensively evaluate connectivity, we compiled our d-loop sequence data with 846 published sequences, resulting in 1,060 samples from 14 locations. We found low nucleotide diversity ([pi] = 0.003) and moderate haplotype diversity (h = 0.59). Using haplotype population pairwise Φ.sub.ST tests, we analyzed possible phylogeographic breaks that were previously proposed based on other reef organisms. We found support for the Bahamas/Turks/Caicos versus Caribbean break (Φ.sub.ST = 0.12) but not for the Northwestern Caribbean, Eastern Caribbean, or US East Coast versus Bahamas breaks. The Northern Region had higher variation and more haplotypes, supporting introductions of at least five haplotypes to the region. Our wide-ranging samples showed that a lower-frequency haplotype in the Northern Region dominated the Southern Region and suggested multiple introductions, possibly to the south. We tested multiple scenarios of phylogeographic structure with analyses of molecular variance and found support for a Northern and Southern Region split at the Bahamas/Turks/Caicos versus Caribbean break (percentage of variation among regions = 8.49 %). We found that Puerto Rico clustered with the Southern Region more strongly than with the Northern Region, as opposed to previous reports. We also found the rare haplotype H03 for the first time in the southern Caribbean (Panama), indicating that either secondary releases occurred or that the low-frequency haplotypes have had time to disperse to extreme southern Caribbean locations., Author(s): John S. S. Butterfield[sup.1] , Edgardo Diaz-Ferguson[sup.2] , Brian R. Silliman[sup.3] , Jonathan W. Saunders[sup.4] , Dayne Buddo[sup.5] , Antonio A. Mignucci-Giannoni[sup.6] , Linda Searle[sup.7] , Aarin C. Allen[sup.1] [...]

Background Patients with a genetic variant associated with Lynch syndrome (LS) are recommended to undergo frequent and repeated cancer surveillance activities to minimize cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Little is known about how patients and primary care providers (PCPs) track and manage these recommendations. We conducted a small exploratory study of patient and PCP experiences with recommended LS surveillance activities and communication with family members in an integrated health care system. Methods We used in-depth interviews with patients and providers to understand how surveillance is coordinated and monitored following confirmation of LS. We recruited patients with a range of ages/gender, and providers with at least at least one patient with a molecular diagnosis of LS. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and content analyzed by a trained qualitative methodologist. Results Twenty-two interviews were completed with 12 patients and 10 providers. Most patients (10) had detailed knowledge of surveillance recommendations, but were less sure of time intervals. While all patients reported receiving initial education about their surveillance recommendations from a genetic counselor, seven did not follow-up with a genetic counselor in subsequent years. A third of patients described taking sole responsibility for managing their LS surveillance care. Lack of routine communication from the health system (e.g., prompts for surveillance activities), and provider engagement were surveillance barriers. PCPs were generally aware of LS, but had limited familiarity with surveillance recommendations. Most PCPs (7) viewed LS as rare and relied on patient and specialist expertise and support. Providers typically had 1 patient with LS in a panel of 1800 patients overall. Providers felt strongly that management of LS should be coordinated by a dedicated team of specialists. Most patients (92%) had at least one family member that sought LS testing, and common barriers for family members included lack of insurance, affordability, and fear of result. Conclusion The maximal benefits of screening for confirmation of LS will only be realized with adherence to recommended preventive care. Important factors to ensure patients receive recommended LS care include a comprehensive and coordinated monitoring program that includes reminder prompts, and increased PCP education of LS and associated surveillance recommendations. Keywords: Lynch syndrome, Surveillance recommendations, Patient and provider perspectives, Qualitative, Author(s): Jennifer L. Schneider[sup.1] , Katrina A. B. Goddard[sup.1] , Kristin R. Muessig[sup.1] , James V. Davis[sup.1] , Alan F. Rope[sup.1] , Jessica E. Hunter[sup.1] , Susan K. Peterson[sup.2] , [...]

The Barnes Manuscripts Collection in the William Henry Smith Memorial Library comes from the Detroit Public Library, which donated the material to the Indiana Historical Society because of its Indiana [...]

Founded in 1956, the Institute for Defense Analyses (IDA) is a not-for-profit corporation that currently operates three federally funded research and development centers (FFRDCs): the Systems and Analyses Center, the [...]

The following is an edited transcript of the fifty-eighth in a series of Capitol Hill conferences convened by the Middle East Policy Council. The meeting was held on October 23, [...]

This paper investigates the relationship between mode of asphalt mixture compaction and resulting mechanical performance in terms of stiffness modulus, permanent deformation and fatigue resistance. Four modes, comprising three laboratory methods of gyratory, vibratory, and roller compaction together with site compaction were included in the study. An interlaboratory program was undertaken using these compaction methods and three asphalt mixture designs. The results showed that mold based compaction methods, such as gyratory and vibratory, generally produce stiffer specimens with higher resistance to permanent deformation when compared to roller compacted or field specimens of comparable air voids. However, the results also showed significant variability within a particular compaction method between different laboratories. The statistical two-sample t-confidence test was used to compare the sample means of air voids content and stiffness modulus between the different compaction methods. The statistical analysis showed that producing volumetrically identical asphalt mixture specimens using different compaction methods does not produce materials with identical mechanical properties. Statistical analysis was also undertaken on stiffness and permanent deformation results to provide engineers with the number of tests required to obtain a mean value within a certain accuracy of the 'true' value, for a given confidence level. Stiffness modulus was found to have a far higher repeatability than permanent strain with the mode of compaction not affecting the variability of the results. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-947X(2009)135:11(839) CE Database subject headings: Asphalts; Mixtures; Compaction; Stiffness; Deformation; Statistics.

This study investigated linear and curvilinear relationships between performance at a US law enforcement training academy and both facet and factor personality scales linking to conscientiousness (i.e. dependability and achievement) and emotional stability (i.e. stress resistance and frustration tolerance). For both conscientiousness and emotional stability, the use of separate facet scales provided the best prediction of training grades when linear and quadratic effects were considered. In all cases, the curvilinear relationships indicated that differences in scores at the low end of the distribution were more predictive of training grades than were differences in scores at the high end of the distribution. Results are discussed in terms of the value of using facet scales to predict performance and the importance of considering curvilinear relationships between personality and specific criteria, such as training grades., Meta-analytic studies conducted by researchers in the USA (e.g. Barrick & Mount, 1991; Hurtz & Donovan, 2000; Tett, Jackson, & Rothstein, 1991) and Europe (e.g. Salgado, 1997, 2003) have consistently [...]

Range restriction in most data sets is indirect, but the meta-analysis methods used to date have applied the correction for direct range restriction to data in which range restriction is indirect. The authors show that this results in substantial undercorrections for the effects of range restriction, and they present meta-analysis methods for making accurate corrections when range restriction is indirect. Applying these methods to a well-known large-sample empirical database, the authors estimate that previous meta-analyses have underestimated the correlation between general mental ability and job performance by about 25%, indicating that this is potentially an important methodological issue in meta-analysis in general. Keywords: range restriction, indirect range restriction, bias corrections, data analysis

Cooperative communication is an emerging paradigm where multiple mobiles share their resources (bandwidth and power) to achieve better overall performance. Coded cooperation is a mechanism where cooperation is combined with--and operates through--channel coding, as opposed to the repetition-based methods. This work develops expressions for outage probability of coded cooperation. In this work, each node acts as both a data source as well as a relay, i.e., only active (transmitting) nodes are available to assist other nodes, and each node operates under overall (source + relay) power and bandwidth constraints. Outage expressions confirm that full diversity is achieved by coded cooperation. This shows that despite superficial similarities, coded cooperation is distinct from decode-and-forward, which has been shown to have diversity one. The outage probability expressions developed in this work characterize coded performance at various rates. Furthermore, outage probabilities yield bounds that are arguably more insightful than the bit-error rate (BER) results previously available for coded cooperation. Numerical comparisons shed light on the relative merits of coded cooperation and various repetition-based methods, under various inter-user and uplink channel conditions. Index Terms--Channel coding, coded cooperation, diversity, outage probability, space-time coding, transmit diversity, user cooperation, wireless communications.

PROBLEM: Protocols for disclosing the diagnosis of psychological pseudoseizures have been developed. However, outcomes have not been carefully studied. METHOD: Using a retrospective design, the investigators evaluated the outcomes by [...]

Mobiles cannot support multiple antennas due to their size or other constraints and conventional space-time coding cannot be used to provide uplink transmit diversity. Two extensions to the coded cooperation framework are presented and the application of turbo codes in coded cooperation are investigated.

ABSTRACT The topic of economic success is central in both the scholarly and real-world discussions of women as entrepreneurs, yet few studies have examined determinants of economic success for women [...]

ABSTRACT The current study analyzes the network structures of minority business owners by providing a comparative analysis of male versus female minority business owners. The paper is thus significant in [...]

This article compares the usefulness of standard score results (such as correlations and standardized regression coefficients) to that of raw scores results (such as covariances and raw score regression coefficients). The 2 main advantages of presenting standardized results is then examined. First, reporting standardized coefficients allows recognition of causal relationships that replicate across studies, facilitating meta-analysis. Second, an analysis with standardized coefficients allows the researcher to determine which of the predictor variables has the largest relative impact on the criterion variable. The implications of these 2 standardized score advantages are demonstrated with examples.

We studied the root distribution and the effects of leachates from the dominant shrub in rosemary scrub, Florida rosemary (Ceratiola ericoides), on germination of seven subordinate rosemary scrub species. For rosemary scrub specialists, (Eryngium cuneifolium and Hypericum cumulicola), germination was suppressed by the leaf and litter leachates. For species that are not found exclusively in rosemary scrub (Liatris ohlingerae, Polygonella basiramia, Paronychia chartacea, and Palofoxia feayi) litter and leaf leachate did not suppress germination significantly. Species limited to gaps in rosemary scrub (E. cuneifolium, H. cumulicola, and Lechea deckertii) showed reduced germination from rosemary leachates while species not limited to rosemary-free gaps (L. ohlingerae and P. feayi) were not affected by rosemary leachates. Rosemary root abundance was greatest near shrubs, at a shallow depth, and at sites not recently burned. As rosemary scrub patches age, rosemary roots are more likely to interact with herbaceous species in gaps. Key words: allelopathy; Ceratiola; Empetraceae; fire; Florida, USA; rosemary scrub.

The value of large green residual trees, individually and in small groups, is considered. Large residual trees play a number of very important roles, including acting as a recruitment source for very large woody debris to forest floor and stream environments. Large woody debris is a vital element for many forest-floor organisms.

This article summarizes the practical and theoretical implications of 85 years of research in personnel selection. On the basis of meta-analytic findings, this article presents the validity of 19 selection procedures for predicting job performance and training performance and the validity of paired combinations of general mental ability (GMA) and the 18 other selection procedures. Overall, the 3 combinations with the highest multivariate validity and utility for job performance were GMA plus a work sample test (mean validity of .63), GMA plus an integrity test (mean validity of .65), and GMA plus a structured interview (mean validity of .63). A further advantage of the latter 2 combinations is that they can be used for both entry level selection and selection of experienced employees. The practical utility implications of these summary findings are substantial. The implications of these research findings for the development of theories of job performance are discussed.

The history of gambling, both internationally and in the United States, is that of a stigmatized behavior having passed through numerous cycles of guarded acceptance and prohibition. The recent spread of gambling in the United States has been characterized by very specific attempts to neutralize the stigma associated with the behavior. Though apparently not the sufficient variable in such campaigns of acceptance, reducing the stigma has been necessary: As part of such campaigns, the successful regulation and control model of Nevada has been utilized widely. Yet an examination of control and regulation experiences suggests that regional differences are a crucial factor in the success or failure of the gaming enterprise., DURING the summer of 1997, observers of the fascinating and enigmatic relationships between stigmatized behavior and the law were focused on two national stories more dazzling than the Hale-Bopp comet. [...]

The significance test as currently used is a disaster. Whereas most researchers falsely believe that the significance test has an error rate of 5%, empirical studies show the average error rate across psychology is 60%--12 times higher than researchers think it to be. The error rate for inference using the significance test is greater than the error rate using a coin toss to replace the empirical study. The significance test has devastated the research review process. Comprehensive reviews cite conflicting results on almost every issue. Yet quantitatively accurate review of the same results shows that the apparent conflicts stem almost entirely from the high error rate for the significance test. If 60% of studies falsely interpret their primary results, then reviewers who base their reviews on the interpreted study 'findings' will have a 100% error rate in concluding that there is conflict between study results., Significance tests used in psychological science suffer from a 60% instead of a 5% error rate, contrary to common notion. This high error rate has destroyed the research review process. Confidence intervals are suitable replacements to significance tests. A 95% confidence interval suffers from only a 5% error rate. Different confidence intervals are also compatible with one another, hence the dispensability of social conventions.

Submarine jet processes are inferred from glaciomarine facies exposed in gravel pits in southwestern coastal Maine. The geometry and distribution of fan facies depend on (1) the proximity to the grounding line and stream effluxes, (2) the angle of jet trajectory from glacier conduits, and (3) sediment re-mobilization processes. Syndepositional glaciotectonic deformation further augments morainal bank formation through pushing and squeezing of fan sediments at the grounding line. Complex process-sediment interactions along the temperate tidewater margin of the Laurentide ice sheet are recorded in the facies architecture of sedimentary sequences in morainal banks. Morainal bank accumulation was governed by rapid fluvial deposition, and outwash jet dynamics that controlled the spatial distribution of sedimentary facies. Near the grounding line, meltwater dynamics change rapidly where sediment-laden fresh water is discharged at or near the sea floor. Turbulent mixing with ambient sea water and discharge fluctuations cause rapid changes in flow competence, accompanied by the dumping of bed-load gravel and sand at the apices of grounding-line fans in the morainal banks. Jet trajectory relative to the morainal-bank slope determines whether a jet will make contact with the morainal bank. Gravel and sand remain in bed-load traction as long as the jet is in contact with the morainal bank. Bed-load dumping and settling of the coarse suspended load occurs where buoyant forces in the jet overcome momentum forces or where the jet is deflected by the morainal bank. Below these buoyant jets, backflow eddies can produce currents that drive ripple migration toward the grounding line. Abrupt facies changes record fluctuations in jet discharge and trajectory and sediment redistribution by sediment gravity flows initiated near the grounding line.

The methodological war between industrial-organizational (I/O) 'hardheads' and organizational development (OD) 'softheads' has persisted throughout the 20th century and shows no signs of abatement. This article proposes grounds for a truce in this war by (a) explaining the fundamental trade-offs between 'hard-headed' and 'soft-headed' research; and (b) showing how an empirical test for bias that has been used by hardheads to criticize the 'quality' of OD research is itself flawed. Bias studies test the hypothesis of 'positive findings' bias, which predicts that OD studies with 'low quality' should have larger study outcomes than studies with 'high quality.' Methods used by hardheads to test for bias, however, actually operate against finding support for the positive findings hypothesis. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not 'self-construals' (Markus & Kitayama, 1991) are an aspect of culture that accounts for the perceived importance of conversational constraints. To spell out the way in which culture influences communication styles, we developed a mediation model. The model assumes that the perceived importance of conversational constraints is determined by values, e.g., independent versus interdependent self-construals, and that values (self-construals) are determined in part by culture. Participants were 972 undergraduates studying in Korea, Japan, Hawai'i, and the mainland United States. After being presented with six situations, participants rated the perceived importance of each of three constraints in relation to each situation. They then completed a scale reflecting the independent and interdependent dimensions of their self-construals. The results were consistent with the proposed mediation model. Culture-level individualism influenced independent self-construals, which, in turn, correlated positively with the two outcome-oriented conversational constraints. The study also showed that culture-level collectivism affects interdependent self-construals, and, in turn, correlated positively with the three relational constraints. Of the various self-construal patterns, individuals simultaneously maintaining high independent and high interdependent construals ('biculturals') had the highest totals for the importance ratings of all the constraints combined, even though the mean for biculturals did not significantly differ from the mean for interdependents (low independent and high interdependent self-construals).

The land cover in the nests of northwest spotted owls was analyzed. The comparison of amount of five land cover types, mature and old-growth forest fragmentation, and seral stage heterogeneity within 800 m (200h) circular plots around nest, roost and random sites shows that spatial scale of sampling is vital and affects analytical results. The findings from the Klamath Physiographic Province of California are consistent with the results obtained from Oregon and Washington. The spotted owls were found to nest at sites with more mature and old-growth forest.

Extrinsic soluble signals in embryonic forebrain are crucial for the expression of embryonic radial glial identity. Radial glial characteristics are reexpressed by astrocytes in vitro in the presence of embryonic cortical signals and in vivo following transplantation into embryonic neocortex. Thus, inducing signals are vital for the transformation of radial glia cells into astrocytes.

Literature reviewers have drawn dramatically different conclusions about the effectiveness of management by objectives (MBO). Some reviewers drew quite optimistic conclusions about the value of MBO; others drew pessimistic and/or highly qualified conclusions. Reviewers who pessimistic conclusions discarded studies that had 'low quality' for one reason or another, whereas reviewers who drew optimistic conclusions were more comprehensive in approach. The studies that were discarded by reviewers were found to be run in contexts in which MBO was much more likely to succeed. The discard of study evidence because reviewers believed it had 'low quality' was in this case a prescription for error. Indeed, in most research domains, hypotheses about which study features constitute 'low quality' should probably be regarded as false. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)