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Keywords Ash utilization; Canadian pulp paper mills; Biomass boiler ash; Fly ash; Bottom ash; Ash application Highlights * General ash characterization is not enough to find useful applications of ash. * Ash use in the liming agent requires different properties than ash use in concrete. * Ash must be characterized according to its application requirements. * PPM ash can mainly be used for concrete, ag lands, liming agent, and forest roads. Abstract Pulp and paper mill biomass boilers generate large quantities of ash in Canada with British Columbia (BC) being the highest ash generating province followed closely by Quebec. Generally, the generated ash is landfilled, particularly in BC, with only a small amount being used beneficially. It is anticipated that the difficulty associated with the management of ash will worsen over time as the industry increases its reliance on green fuel. Thus, there is a strong need to identify beneficial uses of pulp and paper boiler ash for the sake of environmental and economic sustainability. The purpose of this report is to provide the first step in this direction, a review of proposed or implemented uses for coal and hog (or wood) ash around the world. Considering both the properties of the ash and local opportunities, this could be the first step toward screening the applications that may apply to individual mills. Several large-scale practices use ash, such as land application (as a nutrient source or as a liming agent), use in the construction industry (as a replacement for cement or as a fill material), and reclamation of mine sites and stabilization of unpaved forest roads. In some cases, relatively small-scale applications have been used which included uses such as a compost component, agent for pH adjustment of liquid streams and slurries, blasting abrasive, and source of quartz for glass manufacturing to name a few. It is important to note that the chemical nature of both fly and bottom ashes can be quite variable due to the type of wood residues combusted as well as combustion equipment used and must be considered in identifying beneficial applications. Abbreviations AB, Alberta; ASTM, American Society for Testing and Materials; BC, British Columbia; CCE, Calcium Carbonate Equivalents; CCME, Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment; CFIA, Canadian Food Inspection Agency; GHG, Greenhouse Gas; ITE, Inorganic Trace Element; LOI, Loss on Ignition; MSW, Municipal Solid Waste; NS, Nova Scotia; ON, Ontario; QC, Quebec; TNV, Total Neutralizing Value; XRF, X-ray Fluorescence Author Affiliation: (a) FPInnovations, Pointe-Claire, QC, H9R 3J9, Canada (b) FPInnovations, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada * Corresponding author. Article History: Received 8 February 2022; Revised 29 June 2022; Accepted 9 July 2022 Byline: Allan Elliott [allan.elliott@fpinnovations.ca] (a), Talat Mahmood [talat.mahmood@fpinnovations.ca] (a), Abu Kamal [kamal.abu@gmail.com] (b,*)

Keywords Pulp and paper mill sludge; Land spreading; Waste management; Soil health; Soil ammendment Highlights * Land spreading paper pulp mill sludge (PPMS) offers economic and environmental benefit. * Characteristics and utility of PPMS vary with treatment level (primary vs secondary). * Co-application of N sources can prove beneficial in some cases. * Routine analysis and robust regulation prevent adverse outcomes from PPMS use. * Longer term studies on soil chemistry and ecology effects are warranted. Abstract It is estimated that >400 Mt of board and paper are produced globally per year, and that 4.3--40 kg (dw) of sludge like material, pulp and paper mill sludge (PPMS), is generated for every tonne of product. PPMS are now more widely reused in agriculture as a soil amendment due to their high organic content of 40--50% by weight, perceived low toxicity and possible liming capabilities. Within this review article historic and recent literature on PPMS land spreading are combined with knowledge of European and UK regulation to explore the benefits, potential impacts and viability of land spreading PPMS. The review reveals that risks relating to potential N immobilisation in soils post-application can be readily mitigated, if desired, by coapplication of an N source, or even pre-treatment of sludge via composting. The benefits to crops have been demonstrated emphatically, while negative ecological impacts under typical field application rates have not been observed to date. The case is therefore strong for continued land application of the material as an environmentally responsible and sustainable use option. However, there are currently gaps in the literature regarding longer-term implications of PPMS applications in agriculture and in regards to the possible presence of emerging contaminants in some PPMS materials, both of which have been identified as areas that merit further research. Author Affiliation: (a) School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, Keele University, Keele, ST5 5BG, UK (b) 4R Group, Control House, A1 Business Park, Knottingley Road, Knottingley, WF11 0BU, UK * Corresponding author. Article History: Received 11 July 2021; Revised 24 February 2022; Accepted 27 May 2022 Byline: Tomi Turner [t.turner@keele.ac.uk] (a,*), Rebecca Wheeler (b), Ian W. Oliver (a)

Keywords Greenhouse gases; Wood ash; Paper sludge; Microbial activity; Mineral nitrogen; Boreal soils Highlights * The effect of wood ash and paper sludge on acid soils was tested in incubation tests. * Both increased the soil microbial biomass, respiration, and net mineralization. * Greenhouse gas emissions were larger for paper sludge amended soils. * Supplementing biochar to wood ash increased soil CO.sub.2 fluxes. * Supplementing biochar to paper sludge or limestone ash reduced soil CO.sub.2 fluxes. Abstract Land-use change in the boreal forest region leads to agriculture to be carried out on acid, shallow and low fertility soils. To correct soil fertility and promote crop productivity, manure and inorganic fertilizers are added, increasing the risk for greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE). To reduce the reliance on synthetic soil amendments while taking advantage of locally relevant industrial by-products, wood ash (WA) and paper sludge (SL) have been proposed as soil amendments for a range of soil types. We posited that amending soils with WA, SL and biochar will improve soil health parameters and fertility of boreal soils. Microbial activity resulting to nitrogen losses and availability were assessed. WA had a stronger ameliorative effect on acid boreal soils compared to SL. Both WA and SL increased soil microbial biomass and basal respiration resulting in higher net mineralization and thus significant increases in CO.sub.2 emissions. Co-application of urea with WA or SL further increased net mineralization compared to when used independently. Conversely, the biochar's effect was short-lived and not significant. Nevertheless, addition of biochar was shown to reduce CO.sub.2 emissions in all cases except in WA amended soils. No significant differences were observed in CH.sub.4 emissions across all treatments. WA and SL may improve soil fertility and quality but could also contribute significantly to GHG emissions in acid boreal soils. Further research is recommended to assess the mitigating effect of various biochar feedstocks on GHG emissions when co-applied with WA and SL. Author Affiliation: (a) School of Science and the Environment, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, Corner Brook, A2H 5G4, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada (b) Environmental Science Program, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, St. John's, A1B 3X7, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada (c) Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, H9X 3V9, Québec, Canada * Corresponding author. School of Science and the Environment, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, Corner Brook, A2H 5G4, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Article History: Received 2 November 2022; Revised 16 December 2022; Accepted 30 December 2022 Byline: Ayodeji O. Medaiyese (a), Jianghua Wu (a), Adrian Unc [aunc@grenfell.mun.ca] (a,b,c,*)

Keywords Citation rate; Impact factor; JIFs; WoS; Models; fsQCA Highlights * The paper analyses the citation rate of an article published in the tourism, leisure and hospitality field. * Number of references, author[combining acute accent]s reputation, and early citations have a major impact using regression techniques. * Using QCA, we find that the combinations of several factors are needed to obtain a highly cited paper. Abstract This paper identifies the main factors that affect the citation rate of an article published in the tourism, leisure and hospitality field. Using several regression techniques, it has been identified that the number of references for an article, the reputation of the main author, and obtaining early citations have a major impact on a document's citation rate. As well as this, by means of a quantitative--qualitative analysis (fsQCA), the most efficient combinations of factors that influence the number of citations received have also been identified. This paper is useful for researchers, editors and readers interested in improving the impact of their research. Author Affiliation: Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain * Corresponding author. Article History: Received 12 June 2022; Revised 22 December 2022; Accepted 26 December 2022 Byline: Onofre Martorell Cunil [onofre.martorell@uib.es], Luis Otero González [luis.otero@usc.es] (*), Pablo Durán Santomil [pablo.duran@usc.es], Carlos Mulet Forteza [carles.mulet@uib.es]

Keywords Bentonite; Leachates; Shear strength; Hydraulic conductivity; Consolidation parameters Highlights * Engineering properties of two Indian bentonites are presented. * Unconfined compressive strength reduced in the presence of all three leachates. * Hydraulic conductivity of the bentonites increased due to leachates. * Concentration level of metals and bentonite's composition greatly influenced engineering properties. * Influence of the fly ash leachate is the most among all three. Abstract A rapid upsurge in urban and industrial developments leads to increased generations of solid wastes. The most accepted technique of waste discarding around the world is landfilling. Leaching chemicals from municipal dumping grounds can pollute the groundwater source and the surrounding environment without appropriate precautionary measures. Bentonite is a low-cost constituent used as a liner material in landfills due to its low permeability, high sealing ability, high specific surface area, and the ability to hold up the impurity migration through adsorption. However, leachate interaction with bentonite may alter its properties and reduce its usefulness as a barrier material in the long term. Also, bentonite having different chemical and mineralogical compositions will behave differently due to the leachate interaction. Therefore, it is necessary to compare the performance of various bentonites in the presence of leachates. In the present investigation, two Indian bentonites of different mineralogical compositions were studied for their change in the index properties, swelling, swelling potential, swelling pressure, hydraulic conductivity, consolidation parameters and shear strength properties in the presence of fly ash, sewage sludge and paper mill leachates. The outcomes showed that in the presence of all the leachates, liquid limit, free swell, compression index, swelling potential, swelling pressure, time to complete 90% of consolidation and shear strength dropped; whereas, hydraulic conductivity and coefficient of consolidation increased. Besides, the quality of bentonite prominently influenced the hydraulic, strength and swelling behaviour. The bentonite having a higher cation exchange capacity, liquid limit, specific surface area, and swelling capability undergoes a higher variability in the free swell (80.0, 73.8 and 76.9% decline), liquid limit (73.5, 61.7 and 69.2% decline), swelling potential (61.3, 55.7 and 51.0% decline), swelling pressure (53.3 and 56.4% decrease), and hydraulic conductivity (57.5, 8.6 and 41.1 times increase at a void ratio of 1.2) values when infused with fly ash, sewage sludge and paper mill leachates, respectively. The study also showed that the fly ash leachate interaction causes a higher variation in bentonite behaviour than sewage sludge and paper mill leachates. The study's findings would prove beneficial to design engineers for selecting bentonite types for landfill liners. Author Affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India * Corresponding author. Article History: Received 22 June 2021; Revised 12 October 2021; Accepted 17 October 2021 Byline: Saswati Ray [r.saswati@iitg.ac.in] (*), Anil Kumar Mishra [anilmishra@iitg.ac.in], Ajay S. Kalamdhad [kajay@iitg.ac.in]

Keywords Hydrological properties; Paper mill wastes; Wood industry by-products; Heavy metals; Soil amendments; Potting media Highlights * Valorization of organic waste is important to improve environmental sustainability through recycling of valuable waste. * Herein we investigated the potential applications of wood ash and paper sludge as a potting media for horticultural crops. * Wood ash and paper sludge improved the physicochemical properties of podzolic soil. * Paper sludge was more effective than wood ash in improving soil hydrological properties for better plant growth. * Furthermore, the incorporation of biochar in the potting media enhanced water holding capacity. Abstract Background and objectives Organic waste management in environmentally sustainable way is important not only to reduce the negative impacts on ecosystems but also valorizing the waste resources. Herein we evaluated the potential of wood ash (WA) and paper sludge (PS) wastes from a pulp and paper mill as potting media and their effects on the physicochemical properties of podzolic soil. Methods WA, PS and biochar (BC) was mixed in different combinations with a sandy loam podzolic soil. Potting media treatments included: T1--soil (negative control); T2--Promix.sup.TM (positive control); T3--50%soil+50%WA; T4--75%soil+25%WA; T5--50%soil+50%PS; T6--75%soil+25%PS; T7--75%soil+25%BC; T8--25%soil+50%WA+25%BC; T9--50%soil+25%WA+25%BC; T10--25%soil+50%PS+25%BC; T11--50%soil+25%PS+25%BC, T12-- 25%soil+25%WA+25%PS+25%BC and replicated three times. Results Potting media treatments expressed significant (p < 0.00) effects on pH, bulk density, total porosity, field capacity, plant available water (PAW) and water retention curves. Potting media amended with WA showed high pH range (8--12) while PS amendments exhibited pH in range where most plant nutrients are available (6.5--7.5). Results depicted significantly lower bulk density, and increased total porosity and water holding capacity of potting media amended with WA and PS. BC addition further enhanced the water retention properties compared to combinations without BC. T6, T10 and T11 produced higher amounts of PAW with desired pH compared to T1 and T2. Conclusion WA, PS and BC showed high potential for developing podzolic soil-based potting media, but their effects on plant growth and elemental uptake need to be investigated. Author Affiliation: (a) School of Science and the Environment, Memorial University, Corner Brook, NL, A2H 5G4, Canada (b) Environmental Science Program, Faculty of Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X7, Canada * Corresponding author. School of Science and the Environment, Memorial University, Corner Brook, NL, A2H 5G4, Canada. Article History: Received 21 May 2021; Revised 18 September 2021; Accepted 20 September 2021 Byline: Muhammad M. Farhain (a), Mumtaz Cheema (a), Yeukai Katanda (a), Muhammad Nadeem (a), Bilal Javed (a), Raymond Thomas (a), Ratnajit Saha (b), Lakshman Galagedara [lgalagedara@grenfell.mun.ca] (a,b,*)

Keywords Breakthrough research; Machine learning; Twitter data mining; Topic model; Solar cell technology Highlights * We proposed a framework for identifying potential breakthrough research using machine learning method. * We found 8 potential breakthrough researches in the field of solar cell technology in 2015. * Twitter data mining could be used to assist in identifying potential breakthrough research. Abstract Breakthrough research may signal shifts in science, technology, and innovation systems. Early identification of breakthrough research is important not only for scientists, but also for policy makers and R&D experts in developing R&D strategies and allocating R&D resources. Researchers mostly use scientific papers data to identify potential breakthrough research, but they rarely make use of Twitter data related to scientific research and machine learning methods. Analysis of Twitter data is of great significance for us to understand the public's perception of potential breakthrough research and to identify potential breakthrough research. Machine learning methods can assist us in predicting the trend of events by utilizing prior knowledge and experience. Therefore, this paper proposes a framework for identifying potential breakthrough research using machine learning methods with scientific papers and Twitter data. We select solar cells as a case study to verify the valid and flexible of this framework. In this case, we use machine learning method to discover potential breakthrough research from scientific papers, and we use Twitter data mining to analyze Twitter users' sense of and response to the discovered potential breakthrough research, which aims to achieve a more extensive and diverse assessment of the discovered potential breakthrough research. This paper contributes to identifying potential breakthrough research, as well as understanding the emergence and development of breakthrough research. It will be of interest to R&D experts in the field of solar cell technology. Author Affiliation: (a) College of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China (b) School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (c) Department of Engineering and Technology Management, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA * Corresponding authors. Article History: Received 7 August 2020; Revised 10 June 2022; Accepted 12 September 2022 Byline: Xin Li [lixinyz@bjut.edu.cn] (a,*), Yang Wen (a), Jiaojiao Jiang (b), Tugrul Daim [ji2td@pdx.edu] (c,*), Lucheng Huang (a)

Keywords Blockchain; Disclosure; Latent Dirichlet allocation; Security token offering; Topic modelling; White paper Highlights * An integrated framework of STOs success is proposed by combining topic modelling with other campaigns' indicators. * Company's energy consumption and green impact is one of the most dealt topics among all types of projects. * The technological components in the healthcare field is a topic related to the campaign success * Energy consumption and green issues must be adequately disclosed to affect campaign success. Abstract Security token offerings (STOs), based on blockchain technology, are attracting increasing attention as an innovative alternative means of venture financing. Information about specific STOs is generally provided in white papers. This study analyses the content of white papers using a unique sample of 188 STOs from 2017 to 2021 to identify which topic is related to campaign success. We leverage latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) topic modelling to identify the topics and themes in white papers. Nine topics are identified through LDA: company description, distributed ledger technology components, energy and green issues, financial and legal issues, artificial intelligence, and tech applications in different industries--specifically, healthcare, manufacturing and construction, education, and financial services. We find that energy and green issues represent one of the most prominent topics among all types of projects and that their disclosure is positively related to the probability of campaign success and the amount of funding raised. Another prominent topic that affects campaign outcomes is technology in the healthcare industry, reflecting wider investment trends in this sector. Our results may help entrepreneurs to improve their campaign disclosures and present new issues for policymakers regarding investments in digital tokens. Abbreviations DLT, distributed ledger technology; ICO, initial coin offerings; IPO, initial public offering; LDA, latent Dirichlet allocation; MiCA, Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation; MiFID, Markets in Financial Instruments Directive; STO, security token offerings Author Affiliation: (a) University of Milano-Bicocca Business and Law Department, via Bicocca degli Arcimboldi 8, 20126 Milan, Italy (b) The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK * Corresponding author. Article History: Received 21 December 2021; Revised 29 July 2022; Accepted 27 August 2022 Byline: Paola Bongini [paola.bongini@unimib.it] (a), Francesco Osborne [francesco.osborne@open.ac.uk] (a,b), Alessia Pedrazzoli [alessia.pedrazzoli@unimib.it] (a,*), Monica Rossolini [monica.rossolini@unimib.it] (a)

Keywords Ices; IR spectroscopy; Titan; Organic chemistry Highlights * Laboratory results from two recent papers on benzene ices are compared. * Multiple tests suggest conflicting results and possible corrections to them. * The data can lead to determinations of molecular abundances in extraterrestrial ices. Abstract Infrared spectroscopic results on benzene (C.sub.6H.sub.6) ices from two recent papers, one published here, are compared to each other and to literature results from 60 years ago. Qualitative and quantitative differences are described, partly in terms of spectral resolution, and errors in one paper are identified that, once corrected, could bring the two recent publications into agreement with each other. A solution is provided for an unexplained disagreement with the literature noted by the authors of one paper. It is concluded that the only accurate, extensive set of IR absorption coefficients, band strengths, and optical constants now available for amorphous and crystalline benzene are those recently published here by the author and a colleague. Suggestions are made for future work to change this situation. Author Affiliation: Astrochemistry Laboratory (Code 691), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA Article History: Received 19 March 2022; Revised 12 May 2022; Accepted 15 May 2022 Byline: Reggie L. Hudson [reggie.hudson@nasa.gov]

Keywords Decolorization; Lignin; Adsorbent; Membrane; Black liquor; Adsorption Highlights * A critical study made on color removal from paper mill effluent using various methods. * Examined color removal efficiencies using conventional and advanced techniques. * Study on Cost analysis in color removal from paper mill effluent. * Future research suggestions described for better implementation of the processes. Abstract The pulp and paper industry consumes a huge amount of water and releases more polluted and colored wastewater every year. Many conventional techniques are used in the treatment of paper industry wastewater. However, for color removal from paper mill effluent, there is no proven method so far, on an industrial scale. Due to high energy input and high cost, there is an urgent need to find out a new technique that must be sustainable, economical, and environment friendly. Various methods have been investigated on bench scale and pilot scale also but no proven method for color removal on an industrial scale. The paper provides an overview of the color removal techniques from different sources of pulp and paper mill wastewater discharged by various industries. The review described various components involved in various processes for color removal from paper mill waste water. The present works focus on processes like chemical, chemical/physical, biological, physicochemical, and electrochemical applied in color removal from paper mill wastewater. The present review gives key information on the effectiveness, use, betterment, and limitations of numerous methods of treatment targeted at color removal from paper mill wastewater using various techniques still under evolution. Author Affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, 144011, India * Corresponding author. Article History: Received 11 April 2021; Revised 8 August 2021; Accepted 8 August 2021 Byline: Amit Kumar [amit.marrar@gmail.com] (*), Nirmal Kumar Srivastava, Poonam Gera

Keywords Bibliometrics; Citations; Machine learning; Big data; SHAP Highlights * This study examines 14 factors that can influence the citation of papers. * CatBoost model and SCOPUS dataset are used to examine the influences. * SHAP interprets the model and suggests how the factors contribute to the citation. * The results show that selecting the right journal/conference is the most important. Abstract The number of citations is often used to estimate the impact of a study. Previous studies have investigated what factors of publications affect citations and how they affect citations. However, the findings of the studies were unable to reach a consensus because of the limited sample size, domain, and measurement. This study reviewed previous studies that addressed factors influencing citations and then identified 14 measurable factors. Approximately 33 million publications from the Scopus database were used to train and validate a CatBoost model. A SHAP framework was used to interpret the trained model by focusing on how salient factors affect the number of citations. The results showed that the year is a significant factor affecting the citation but not the priority factor. A publication source was presented as the most important factor contributing to the citation. Several implications and strategic approaches to maximizing the impact of a study were discussed. Author Affiliation: Future Technology Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, 66 Hoegiro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02456, South Korea Article History: Received 17 February 2022; Revised 30 June 2022; Accepted 18 August 2022 Byline: Taehyun Ha [taehyunha@kisti.re.kr]

Keywords Paper industry wastewater; Biohydrogen; Cathodes; Microbial electrolysis cells; Electrodeposits; Waste to resources recovery Highlights * The fabricated cathodes exhibited higher electrochemical catalytic activity in real paper industry wastewater. * MECs were used concurrently for energy recovery and treatment of real paper industry wastewater. * Reaction inside MECs can be enhanced by depositing Ni--Co--P based particle on electrode surface. * Ni-Co-P co-deposits attained the maximum H.sub.2 production rate of 0.16-0.06 [plus or minus]0.002 m.sup.3(H.sub.2) m.sup.-3d.sup.-1 with ~42 % COD reduction. * Higher biohydrogen production, cathodic efficiency and energy recovery were obtained with co --deposited cathode materials. Abstract Paper industries are water-intensive industries that produce large amount of wastewater containing dyes, toxicity and high nutrient content. These industries require sustainable technology for their waste disposal and MEC could be one of them. However, effective MEC operation at neutral pH and ambient temperature requires economical and efficient cathodes that are capable to treat indusial wastewater along with recovery of energy/biohydrogen. Co-deposits of Nickel, Nickel--Cobalt and Nickel--Cobalt--Phosphorous on the surface of SS and Cu base metals distinctly were used as cathodes in MEC for the concurrent treatment of real paper industry wastewater and biohydrogen production. MECs were utilized in batch mode at neutral pH, applied voltage of 0.6 V and 30 [plus or minus] 2 [degree]C temperature with paper industry wastewater and activated sludge as microbial sources. The fabricated Nickel--Cobalt--Phosphorous gives the higher hydrogen production rate of 0.16 [plus or minus] 0.002 m.sup.3(H.sub.2) m.sup.-3d.sup.-1 and 0.14 [plus or minus] 0.002 m.sup.3(H.sub.2) m .sup.-3d .sup.-1 respectively, with ~33--42 % treatment efficiency for a 500 ml wastewater in 7-day batch cycle in both the cases; while it is lowest in the case of the control cathodes (SS1 (0.07 [plus or minus] 0.002 m.sup.3(H.sub.2) m.sup.-3d.sup.-1) & Cu1 (0.06 [plus or minus] 0.004 m.sup.3(H.sub.2) m.sup.-3d.sup.-1)). It was also found that fabricated cathodes have the capability to treat industrial wastewater at ambient conditions efficiently with higher energy recovery. Prepared cathodes show enhanced hydrogen production and treatment efficiency as well as are competitive to some reported literature. Author Affiliation: (a) Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India (b) Department of Chemical Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, 273010, UP, India * Corresponding author. Article History: Received 12 January 2021; Revised 12 July 2021; Accepted 10 August 2021 Byline: Amit Kumar Chaurasia (a), Ravi Shankar (b), Prasenjit Mondal [pmondfch@iitr.ac.in] (a,*)

Keywords Waste paper ash; WPA hydration; Soil stabilisation; Leaching; Heavy metals Highlights * Ashes from a plant using 100% recycled paper to produce paper are studied. * WPFA and WPBA have cementitious properties. * The hydrated products are calcite, C--S--H gel, and Friedel's salt. * Implementation of WPFA on six different soils was successful. * A stabilised soil with WPFA can be categorised as an inert material. Abstract Waste paper fly ash (WPFA) and bottom ash (WPBA), derived from fluidised bed combustion of a paper recycling plant, exhibit cementitious properties owing to its mineralogical composition, and hence, could be proposed as a hydraulic binder. However, it may also contain some traces of heavy metals. Considering it is necessary to understand the effect of reusing any kind of waste on the environment, this study proposes of reusing WPFA/WPBA as a hydraulic road binder by evaluating its mineralogical composition and leaching activity. Chemical, physical, and mineralogical properties of raw WPFA/WPBA and the microstructural evolution of binders were carried out. Results showed that both ashes undergo hydration reactions while showing some cementitious properties by forming C--S--H gel, Friedel's salt, and calcite. According to the European standard EN 13282--1, both WPFA and WPBA can be categorised as N1 considering they reach 5.3 and 3.6 MPa, respectively, at 56 days. Furthermore, the mechanical performance of various soils was improved by using WPFA and WPBA as a binder. From the environmental point of view, the amount of barium in WPFA and WPBA, which is the main problem, was significantly decreased by using these ashes as a binder. Author Affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC-BarcelonaTech), 08034, Barcelona, Spain * Corresponding author. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC-BarcelonaTech), Jordi Girona 1-3, 08034, Barcelona, Spain. Article History: Received 23 November 2021; Revised 31 March 2022; Accepted 6 April 2022 Byline: Hani Baloochi [hani.baloochi@upc.edu] (*), Diego Aponte, Marilda Barra

Keywords Tax evasion; Socio-economic networks; Game theory Abstract This paper builds on recent insights from network theory and on the rich dataset made available by the Panama Papers in order to investigate the micro-economic dynamics of tax-evasion. We model offshore financial entities documented in the Panama Papers as links between jurisdictions in the global network of tax evasion. A quantitative analysis shows that the resulting network, far from being a random collection of bilateral links, has key features of complex networks such as a core-periphery structure and a fat-tail degree distribution. We argue that these structural features imply that policy must adopt a systemic perspective to mitigate tax evasion. We offer three sets of insights from this perspective. First, we identify through centrality measures tax havens that ought to be priority policy targets. Second, we show that efficient tax treaties must contain exchange information clauses and link tax-havens to non-haven jurisdictions. Third, we show that the optimal deterrence strategies for a social-planner facing a strategic tax-evader in a Stackelberg competition can be characterized using the notion of Bonacich centrality. Author Affiliation: (a) Ca Foscari University of Venice and Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne, France (b) Paris School of Economics and Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne, France * Corresponding author. Article History: Received 3 November 2020; Revised 10 January 2022; Accepted 26 March 2022 (footnote)[white star] This project has received funding from the ITN ExSIDE European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 721846 and from the ITN EPOC European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 956107. Byline: Garcia Alvarado Fernando [fernando.garcia@unive.it] (a), Mandel Antoine [antoine.mandel@univ-paris1.fr] (*,b)

Keywords Food waste; Collection bag; Paper; Bioplastic; Anaerobic digestion Highlights * Bioplastic and paper bags were tested with BMP and semi-continuous digestion tests. * Paper bags show a good degradability in both the tests (>74%). * The BMP tests on bioplastic bags indicate a good degradability (>71%). * Semi-continuous digestion of bioplastics with food waste shows a low degradability. * The degradability of bioplastics is influenced by physical factors. Abstract The amount of compostable bioplastics collected with the food waste is constantly growing, particularly due to the bags used for collection. According to the Italian legislation, compostable bioplastics must be accepted by all biological treatment plants, including aerobic and anaerobic facilities. Anyway, the compostability standard requires only the assessment of the aerobic degradability, while it is generally not required to test the behaviour under anaerobic conditions. This aspect is evaluated in the paper, where the anaerobic degradability of bioplastic bags used for the food waste collection is assessed. First, Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) tests were performed on four commercial types of bioplastic bags, including those designed only for the collection of food waste and the shoppers, that can be reused for the same purpose. Subsequently, an innovative approach for this kind of substrate was applied, subjecting two bags to semi-continuous co-digestion tests together with the food waste. Both tests were performed by comparing the behaviour of bioplastic bags with that of an alternative collection paper bag. Finally, tests to evaluate the influence of physical phenomena on the degradation of bioplastics were performed to better understand the results of biological tests. BMP tests indicated a good degradability (>71%) of bioplastic bags, while semi-continuous tests showed a much lower degradability ( Abbreviations BDB1, bioplastic dedicated bag 1; BDB2, bioplastic dedicated bag 2; BSB1, bioplastic shopper bag 1; BSB2, bioplastic shopper bag 2; PB, paper bag Author Affiliation: (a) Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy (b) Politecnico di Milano, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering 'Giulio Natta', Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy * Corresponding author. Article History: Received 17 August 2021; Revised 10 December 2021; Accepted 16 December 2021 Byline: Giovanni Dolci [giovanni.dolci@polimi.it] (a,*), Valeria Venturelli (a), Arianna Catenacci (a), Riccardo Ciapponi (b), Francesca Malpei (a), Stefano Ettore Romano Turri (b), Mario Grosso (a)

Keywords Pulp and paper mill sludge; Enzymatic hydrolysis; Pretreatment; Glucose recovery; Valorisation Highlights * Pulp and paper mill sludge is a suitable source of fermentable sugar. * Pulping and paper making processes can influence pulp and paper mill sludge properties. * Cost efficient strategies are suggested to promote enzymatic hydrolysis. * Pretreatment can help overcome challenges encountered with enzymatic hydrolysis. Abstract Pulp and paper mill sludge is a waste stream derived from the pulp and paper making industry, comprised of organic and inorganic material in the form of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and ash. In South Africa, approximately fivefour hundred thousand wet tonnes are produced per annum and is currently disposed via landfilling or incineration. However, these disposal methods raise environmental and financial concerns. This waste stream is an attractive feedstock for fermentable sugars, mainly glucose, recovery and can be redirected for valorisation as a feedstock for microbial fermentation to produce value-added products. Sugar recovery by enzymatic hydrolysis, as opposed to acidic hydrolysis, is a promising approach but is hampered by the lignin and inorganic material found in pulp and paper mill sludge. Several treatment steps to reduce or remove these components prior to enzymatic hydrolysis are assessed in this review. Pretreatment improves hydrolysis of cellulosic fibres and ensures a substantial yield of sugars.

Keywords Sewer systems; Sewer overflows; Environmental concerns; Scientometric analysis; Artificial intelligence Highlights * A detailed scientometric analysis of the research carried out on sewer overflow hitherto is undertaken. * All different types of methodologies used in the previous studies are thoroughly investigated. * The aspects of environment impacted by the SO occurrence are reviewed. * The gaps existing in the relative literature together with the potential future works to be undertaken are put forward. Abstract Sewer networks play a pivotal role in our everyday lives by transporting the stormwater and urban sewage away from the urban areas. In this regard, Sewer Overflow (SO) has been considered as a detrimental threat to our environment and health, which results from the wastewater discharge into the environment. In order to grapple with such deleterious phenomenon, numerous studies have been conducted; however, there has not been any review paper that provides the researchers undertaking research in this area with the following inclusive picture: (1) detailed-scientometric analysis of the research undertaken hitherto, (2) the types of methodologies used in the previous studies, (3) the aspects of environment impacted by the SO occurrence, and (4) the gaps existing in the relative literature together with the potential future works to be undertaken. Based on the comprehensive review undertaken, it is observed that simulation and artificial intelligence-based methods have been the most popular approaches. In addition, it has come to the attention that the detrimental impacts associated with the SO are fourfold as follows: air, quality of water, soil, and business and structure. Among these, the majority of the studies' focus have been tilted towards the impact of SO on the quality of ground water. The outcomes of this state-of-the-art review provides the researchers and environmental engineers with inclusive hindsight in dealing with such serious issue, which in turn, this culminates in a significant improvement in our environment as well as humans' well-beings. Author Affiliation: (a) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong (b) Department of Building and Real Estate (BRE), Faculty of Construction and Environment (FCE), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong * Corresponding author. Article History: Received 26 April 2021; Revised 20 September 2021; Accepted 20 September 2021 Byline: Titilayo Abimbola Owolabi [taowolabi@connect.ust.hk] (a), Saeed Reza Mohandes [saeedreza.mohandes@polyu.edu.hk] (b,*), Tarek Zayed [tarek.zayed@polyu.edu.hk] (b)

Keywords Waste paper recycling; Material flow; Life cycle assessment; Sensitivity analysis; Scenario prediction Highlights * Present study constructs the life cycle framework of Chinese paper and paperboard by the combination of MFA and LCA. * Quantitative analysis of the economic benefits and GHG emissions generated by China's waste paper recycling system. * Sensitivity analysis on the main parameters of the economic and environmental benefits of the waste paper recycling system. * Benefits of China's waste paper recycling from 2018 to 2030 are evaluated by integrating nostandard and standard recycling. Abstract China's paper industry development is rapid, but the recycling rate of China's waste paper has been low all the time. Meanwhile, material flow analysis can help determine the flow of waste paper, and life cycle assessment (LCA) is the methodological framework for quantifying greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, present study integrates these two methods into the model construction of China's waste paper recycling decision system. Present study constructs a benchmark model of China's waste paper recycling decision system in 2017, focusing on the impact of nonstandard waste paper recycling on the economic and environmental benefits of China's domestic waste paper recycling system. This model construction is followed by sensitivity analysis of the relevant parameters affecting the efficiency of the waste paper recycling system. Finally, present study forecasts the system's economic benefits and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the context of integrating and regulating nonstandard recycling vendors. The results show that the economic benefit of China's waste paper recycling in 2017 is approximately 458.3 yuan/t and that the GHG emissions are 901.1 kgCO.sub.2eq. The standard recovery rate and nonstandard recovery acceptance rate will both have a significant impact on the system's economic benefits and improve the GHG emissions structure. In the context of integrating nonstandard recycling enterprises and individual recycling vendors, the economic benefits will rise to 3312.5 yuan/t in 2030, while GHG emissions will rise to 942.9 kgCO.sub.2eq. Present study can play a certain guiding role for policy makers in formulating waste paper recycling industry specifications and formulating relevant policies. Author Affiliation: (a) School of Management, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China (b) Department of Technology and Society, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, 11794, USA * Corresponding author. Article History: Received 5 July 2019; Revised 11 November 2019; Accepted 11 November 2019 Byline: Manzhi Liu [liumanzhi@cumt.edu.cn] (a,*), Shuai Tan [TS18070099P21@cumt.edu.cn] (a), Mengya Zhang [zhangmy@cumt.edu.cn] (a), Gang He [Gang.He@stonybrook.ed] (b,**), Zhizhi Chen [TS19070108P21@cumt.edu.cn] (a), Zhiwei Fu [TS18070092P21@cumt.edu.cn] (a), Changjin Luan [TS18070097P21@cumt.edu.cn] (a)

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.12.004 Byline: Guilaine Jaria (a), Carla Patricia Silva (a), Catarina I.A. Ferreira (a), Marta Otero (b), Vania Calisto (a) Abstract: Pulp and paper industry produces massive amounts of sludge from wastewater treatment, which constitute an enormous environmental challenge. A possible management option is the conversion of sludge into carbon-based adsorbents to be applied in water remediation. For such utilization it is important to investigate if sludge is a consistent raw material originating reproducible final materials (either over time or from different manufacturing processes), which is the main goal of this work. For that purpose, different primary (PS) and biological sludge (BS) batches from two factories with different operation modes were sampled and subjected to pyrolysis (P materials) and to pyrolysis followed by acid washing (PW materials). All the materials were characterized by proximate analysis, total organic carbon (TOC) and inorganic carbon (IC), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and N.sub.2 adsorption isotherms (specific surface area (S.sub.BET)and porosity determination). Sludge from the two factories proved to have distinct physicochemical properties, mainly in what concerns IC. After pyrolysis, the washing step was essential to reduce IC and to considerably increase S.sub.BET, yet with high impact in the final production yield. Among the materials here produced, PW materials from PS were those having the highest S.sub.BET values (387-488 m.sup.2 g.sup.-1). Overall, it was found that precursors from different factories might originate final materials with distinct characteristics, being essential to take into account this source of variability when considering paper mill sludge as a raw material. Nevertheless, for PS, low variability was found between batches, which points out to the reliability of such residues to be used as precursors of carbon adsorbents. Author Affiliation: (a) Department of Chemistry and CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies), University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal (b) Department of Applied Chemistry and Physics, IMARENABIO, University of Leon, Campus de Vegazana, Leon, Spain Article History: Received 30 September 2016; Revised 25 November 2016; Accepted 3 December 2016

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.03.004 Byline: Ilpo Ervasti, Ruben Miranda, Ilkka Kauranen Abstract: At present, there is no reliable method in use that unequivocally describes paper industry material flows and makes it possible to compare geographical regions with each other. A functioning paper industry Material Flow Account (MFA) that uses uniform terminology and standard definitions for terms and structures is necessary. Many of the presently used general level MFAs, which are called frameworks in this article, stress the importance of input and output flows but do not provide a uniform picture of material recycling. Paper industry is an example of a field in which recycling plays a key role. Additionally, terms related to paper industry recycling, such as collection rate, recycling rate, and utilization rate, are not defined uniformly across regions and time. Thus, reliably comparing material recycling activity between geographical regions or calculating any regional summaries is difficult or even impossible. The objective of this study is to give a partial solution to the problem of not having a reliable method in use that unequivocally describes paper industry material flows. This is done by introducing a new material flow framework for paper industry in which the flow and stage structure supports the use of uniform definitions for terms related to paper recycling. This new framework is termed the Detailed Wheel of Fiber. Author Affiliation: (a) Aalto University, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Otaniementie 17, 02150 Espoo, Finland (b) Complutense University of Madrid, Department of Chemical Engineering, Av. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain Article History: Received 16 September 2015; Revised 29 February 2016; Accepted 2 March 2016

Keywords Water hyacinth; Potash pulping; Bio-compost; Black liquor; Handmade paper; Alternative livelihood Highlights * Handmade paper was produced from water hyacinth (WH) using the KOH pulping method. * The waste potassium-rich black liquor was used to produce compost mainly from WH. * H.sub.2O.sub.2-bleached WH pulp showed better strength properties. * The produced compost was rich in macronutrients, i.e., N and K essential for plant growth. Abstract Water hyacinth (WH) is considered as the worst aquatic weed in the world because of its rapid growth and fast spread into new areas of fresh water bodies. We investigated the potentiality of using WH as a raw material for production of handmade paper and compost in Bangladesh. Potash pulping was done using potassium hydroxide (KOH) at different alkali concentrations (8--12%) with a liquor to solid ratio of 7:1 at 145 [degree]C for 2 h. The pulp was bleached using hydrogen peroxide (H.sub.2O.sub.2), and pulp properties (brightness, tear index and tensile index) of bleached and unbleached pulps were analyzed following the respective TAPPI standards. The produced black liquor was mixed with WH along with kitchen bio-wastes to produce compost. The properties of the compost were tested following the published protocols, i.e., wet digestion, Kjeldahl, vanadomolybdophosphoric acid, and Flame Spectrophotometry methods. Brightness, tensile index and tear index of bleached hand sheets were found to be 37.2%, 49.2 N m/g and 6.79 m.Nm.sup.2/g, respectively suggesting significant contribution of bleaching on WH paper quality. Addition of black liquor significantly increased the nitrogen and potassium content of bio-waste compost. Thus, WH can be used as a raw material for making handmade paper while the process by-product can be supplemented to improve the nutritional quality of compost. Such cottage-industry fabrication of WH green products could be developed to control the infestation of WH in water bodies, and this technology may provide for new possible sustainable livelihood option. Author Affiliation: (a) Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh (b) Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-90183, Umeå, Sweden (c) Soil, Water and Environment Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh (d) Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands (e) Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh * Corresponding author. Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh. Article History: Received 12 February 2021; Revised 4 June 2021; Accepted 5 June 2021 Byline: Md Nazrul Islam [nazrul17@yahoo.com] (a,*), Fatima Rahman (a), Sumona Alom Papri (a), Md Omar Faruk (a), Atanu Kumar Das (b), Nipa Adhikary (c), Adolphe O. Debrot (d), Md Nazmul Ahsan (e)

Keywords Chronotope; Linguistic landscape; Discursive identity; Working class; Urban village; Chinese internal rural-urban migrants Highlights * This article draws on the notion of chronotope to study LL signs of an urban migrant village on the out skirts of Beijing. * It follows an ethnographically grounded approach in LL data collection and interpretation. * The data show that multiple chronotopes are at play at different scales. * It shows that the migrant workers use LL signs to address the socioeconomic inequalities and to make their voice heard. Abstract This paper draws on the notion of chronotope to investigate linguistic landscape (LL) signs of an urban migrant community on the out skirts of Beijing. Internal rural migrant workers have relocated to urban centers for labor-intensive jobs on a massive scale since the 1980s when China underwent rapid economic changes. While many migrant workers are pre-occupied with their jobs, some have built a community center to record their migrant histories, to voice their concerns as a marginalized social group and to construct their identity as legitimate workers. This paper argues that the LL signs of this migrant community center invoke multiple chronotopes and need to be understood in complex timespace frames. The analyses of three examples show that the migrant workers use painting and other creative ways of representation in public space to address their economic position and social identification in a globalizing China. Author Affiliation: Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures, Tsinghua University, 310 Wen Nan Lou, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China (miscellaneous) In memory of Jan Blommart (footnote)1 'Labor is the most glorious (å³å¨æåè£)', sometimes is translated as 'To work is glorious'. (footnote)2 I am grateful to Jan Blommaert and the anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments on the earlier versions of this paper. Byline: Jie Dong [dong-jie@tsinghua.edu.cn]

Keywords Canidae; Domestication; Pleistocene; Gravettian Highlights * There is an error in the caption of Fig. 1 in the paper of Wilczynski et al. (2020). * The canid hemimandibles in this figure are not from Dolní VÄstonice II and Pavlov ISE. * These jaws were found at the Gravettian Predmostí site (Czech Republic) * We address further issues with the methodology and conclusion of this paper. Abstract Two canid morphotypes have been proposed for the middle Upper Palaeolithic site of Predmostí (Moravia, Czech Republic): Pleistocene wolf and Palaeolithic dog (Germonpré et al., 2012, 2015; Galeta et al., 2020). In Wilczynski et al. (2020), faunal assemblages from other Upper Palaeolithic Moravian sites were analyzed and those results used to project a similar, which we interpret as flawed, result for Predmostí: that only wild canids were present. We address issues with their methodology and argue that their conclusion, that dogs were not present at any of those studied sites, is based on cursory taphonomic analysis. Further, their projection of these results to Predmostí, an assemblage they did not study, is unsubstantiated, but does highlight the current dearth of taphonomic information that could aid the study of dog domestication. We also point out an important error in their Fig. 1, where the hemimandibles intended to show the natural variability in large canids from Dolní VÄstonice II and Pavlov I SE, are in fact canid specimens from Predmostí. Since several of these canid specimens have been published by Germonpré et al. (2015), we find it imperative to address this error to ensure these data are correctly referenced in future works. Author Affiliation: (a) Operational Direction 'Earth and History of Life', Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, 1000 Brussel, Belgium (b) Moravian Museum, Zelný trh 6, 65937 Brno, Czech Republic (c) Zoological Institute RAS, Universitetskaya nab. 1, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia (d) Department of Geosciences and Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment (HEP), Universität Tübingen, Hölderlinstrasse 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany (e) Hagerman Fossil Beds National Monument, National Park Service, 221 N. State Street, Hagerman, ID 83332, USA * Corresponding author. Article History: Received 10 December 2020; Revised 26 March 2021; Byline: Mietje Germonpré [mgermonpre@naturalsciences.be] (a,*), Martina Láznicková-Galetová (b), Mikhail V. Sablin [msablin@yandex.ru] (c), Hervé Bocherens [herve.bocherens@uni-tuebingen.de] (d), Kari Prassack [kari_prassack@nps.gov] (e)

Keywords Coronavirus; COVID-19; Pandemic; Hoarding; Social distancing; Do-it-yourself; Digital technology; Consumer behavior Abstract In this research, we document some of the many unusual consumer behavior patterns that came to dominate the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic. We offer insights based on theory to help explain and predict these behaviors and associated outcomes in order to inform future research and marketing practice. Taking an environmentally-imposed constraints point of view, we examine behaviors during each of three phases: reacting (e.g., hoarding and rejecting), coping (e.g. maintaining social connectedness, do-it-yourself behaviors, changing views of brands) and longer-term adapting (e.g. potentially transformative changes in consumption and individual and social identity). We discuss implications for marketing researchers and practice. Author Affiliation: (a) Manhattan College, 4513 Manhattan College Pkwy, The Bronx, NY 10471, United States (b) New York Institute of Technology, 1855 Broadway, New York, NY 10023, United States (c) Brooklyn College, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11210, United States * Corresponding author. Article History: Received 13 May 2020; Accepted 14 May 2020 (footnote)1 Authors contributed equally. Byline: Colleen P. Kirk [ckirk01@nyit.edu] (a,b,*,1), Laura S. Rifkin [laura.rifkin@brooklyn.cuny.edu] (c,1)

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.10.024 Byline: Wennie Subramonian, Ta Yeong Wu, Siang-Piao Chai Abstract: In this work, heterogeneous photocatalysis was used to treat pulp and paper mill effluent (PPME). Magnetically retrievable Fe.sub.2O.sub.3-TiO.sub.2 was fabricated by employing a solvent-free mechanochemical process under ambient conditions. Findings elucidated the successful incorporation of Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 into the TiO.sub.2 lattice. Fe.sub.2O.sub.3-TiO.sub.2 was found to be an irregular and slightly agglomerated surface morphology. In comparison to commercial P25, Fe.sub.2O.sub.3-TiO.sub.2 exhibited higher ferromagnetism and better catalyst properties with improvements in surface area (58.40 m.sup.2/g), pore volume (0.29 cm.sup.3/g), pore size (18.52 nm), and band gap (2.95 eV). Besides, reusability study revealed that Fe.sub.2O.sub.3-TiO.sub.2 was chemically stable and could be reused successively (five cycles) without significant changes in its photoactivity and intrinsic properties. Additionally, this study demonstrated the potential recovery of Fe.sub.2O.sub.3-TiO.sub.2 from an aqueous suspension by using an applied magnetic field or sedimentation. Interactive effects of photocatalytic conditions (initial effluent pH, Fe.sub.2O.sub.3-TiO.sub.2 dosage, and air flow-rate), reaction mechanism, and the presence of chemical oxidants (H.sub.2O.sub.2, BrO.sub.3.sup.-, and HOCl) during the treatment process of PPME were also investigated. Under optimal conditions (initial effluent pH = 3.88, [Fe.sub.2O.sub.3-TiO.sub.2] = 1.3 g/L, and air flow-rate = 2.28 L/min), the treatment efficiency of Fe.sub.2O.sub.3-TiO.sub.2 was 98.5% higher than the P25. Based on Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model, apparent rate constants of Fe.sub.2O.sub.3-TiO.sub.2 and P25 were 9.2 x 10.sup.-3 and 2.7 x 10.sup.-3 min.sup.-1, respectively. The present study revealed not only the potential of using magnetic Fe.sub.2O.sub.3-TiO.sub.2 in PPME treatment but also demonstrated high reusability and easy separation of Fe.sub.2O.sub.3-TiO.sub.2 from the wastewater. Author Affiliation: Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia Article History: Received 19 June 2016; Revised 20 September 2016; Accepted 15 October 2016

Keywords Pleistocene; Gravettian; Domestication; Dogs; Wolves Highlights * No evidence is supportable for domesticated dogs at three important Pavlovian sites. * The high frequency of wolf remains at Pavlovian sites argues against the presence of dogs. * There is also no evidence of domesticated dog even in succeeding Late Gravettian sites. Abstract In the current volume of the Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, Germonpré et al. comment on our article 'Friend or foe? Large canid remains from Pavlovian sites and their archaeozoological context' (Wilczynski et al. 2020). The authors say there are inaccuracies or errors in our paper, in an attempt to refute our rejection of the hypothesis of wolf domestication at the Predmostí site and, in broader sense, by the Pavlovian community. Here we counter allegations and in so doing clarify our arguments against wolf domestication during mid-Upper Paleolithic in Central Europe. Author Affiliation: (a) Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Slawkowska 17, 31-016 Kraków, Poland (b) Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada, Reno, USA (c) Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland (d) Anthropos Institute, Moravian Museum, Zelný trh 6, 659 37 Brno, Czech Republic * Corresponding author. Article History: Received 14 May 2021; Revised 21 June 2021; Byline: Jaroslaw Wilczynski [wilczynski@isez.pan.krakow.pl] (a,*), Gary Haynes (b), Lukasz Sobczyk (c), Martina Roblícková (d), Piotr Wojtal (a)

Keywords Drying; Sewage sludge; Dregs; Soil application; Phytotoxicity; Kinetic modelling Highlights * Fick's second law and thin-layer models described adequately the experimental data. * The maximum drying rate was obtained for SS with GLD at 130 C. * GLD contain a low concentration of potentially toxic metals but high alkalinity. * SS with GLD mixture increased the biomass content and raise soil pH. Abstract This study aims to investigate the sewage sludge (SS) drying process by incorporating a by-product formed in the pulp and paper industry (green liquor dregs - GLD) as drying adjuvant. Through an innovative approach, the drying kinetics was modelled, and the final dried product was tested for soil applications. After the characterization phase, small cylinders of SS without and with 0.15 g GLD g SS.sup.-1.sub.wb (SS_GLD) were dried in isothermal conditions at 70, 100, and 130 [degree]C. The experimental data were fitted by Fick's second law and thin-layer models, and good results were achieved in both cases (R.sup.2 > 0.98 and RMSE

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.06.052 Byline: Isabel Martinez-Lage, Miriam Velay-Lizancos, Pablo Vazquez-Burgo, Marcos Rivas-Fernandez, Cristina Vazquez-Herrero, Antonio Ramirez-Rodriguez, Miguel Martin-Cano Abstract: This article describes a study on the viability of using waste from the paper industry: biomass boiler ash and green liquor dregs to fabricate mortars and concretes. Both types of ash were characterized by obtaining their chemical and mineralogical composition, their organic matter content, granulometry, adsorption and other common tests for construction materials. Seven different mortars were fabricated, one for reference made up of cement, sand, and water, three in which 10, 20, or 30% of the cement was replaced by biomass ash, and three others in which 10, 20, or 30% of the cement was replaced with dregs. Test specimens were fabricated with these mortars to conduct flexural and compression tests. Flexural strength is reduced for all the mortars studied. Compressive strength increases for the mortars fabricated with biomass ash and decreases for the mortar with dregs. Finally, 5 concretes were made, one of them as a reference (neither biomass ash nor dregs added), two of them with replacements of 10 and 20% of biomass ash instead of cement and another two with replacements of 10 and 20% of dregs instead of cement. The compressive and tensile splitting strength increase when a 10% of ash is replaced and decrease in all the other cases. The modulus of elasticity always decreases. Author Affiliation: (a) Grupo de Construccion, Centro de Innovacion Tecnologica en Edificacion e Ingenieria Civil (CITEEC), E.T.S. Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos. Universidade da Coruna, Campus de A Coruna, s/n, 15071, A Coruna, Spain (b) SACYR Construccion S.A., Departamento I + D + i, Grupo SACYR, Paseo de la Castellana 83-85, 5.sup.a planta, 28046, Madrid, Spain Article History: Received 13 January 2016; Revised 10 June 2016; Accepted 25 June 2016

Keywords Data glasses; Digital glasses; Smart eyewear device; Smart glasses; Google glasses; Head-mounted display; Assembly task; LEGO®; Assistance; Assistance systems; Instructions; Assembly experiment Highlights * We examined performance and usability of instruction formats in an assembling task. * We compared paper instruction with instruction on digital glasses with text, or with text and audio. * Participants were faster with the paper instructions, yet without differences in accuracy and usability. * There were no difference between digital glasses with or without audio instruction. Abstract Objective Providing instruction for assembly tasks is essential in modern manufacturing industry, as well as in households for customers that buy products to be assembled at home. Recent technological developments might be able to assist in completing an assembly task faster and more accurately. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether performance and usability differs when instructions for an assembly task are presented on digital glasses versus paper. Methods Participants (n = 63) completed one of three versions of an assembly task (between-subject-design) with LEGO® bricks: (1) with paper instruction (P), (2) with text instructions presented stepwise via digital glasses (GT), (3) with stepwise text and auditory instruction (in parallel) on digital glasses (GA). Outcome measures on performance were completion time and errors. Furthermore, usability was measured by the User Experience Questionnaire, the Standardized Usability Questionnaire, the Post-Study Usability Questionnaire, and cognitive processing skills were assessed by the Trail Making Test and different versions of the Eriksen Flanker Task. Analyses were adjusted for the confounding factors age, gender, experience with glasses and LEGO, and problems with instruction. Results Findings indicate that task completion was faster with the paper instructions compared to both versions of instruction via digital glasses (GT, GA). We observed no difference in accuracy and usability between the instructions. 'Novelty' was rated higher for instructions for both GT and GA, compared to P. Discussion Results show that instructions on digital glasses may not always be more effective for assembly than the traditional paper-based instructions. Further studies are necessary to investigate whether effectiveness may depend on task complexity, target group, experience of the user with task and device, and how the information is presented. Author Affiliation: (a) Center for Cognitive Science, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany (b) Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (c) Centro de Ciencia Cognitiva, Facultad de Lenguas y Educación, Universidad Nebrija, Madrid, Spain * Corresponding author. University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schroedinger Str., 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany. Article History: Received 9 December 2019; Revised 22 March 2021; Accepted 23 March 2021 Byline: Francisca S. Rodriguez (a,b), Khadija Saleem (a), Jan Spilski (a), Thomas Lachmann [lachmann@rhrk.uni-kl.de] (a,c,*)

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2017.02.002 Byline: Anne Toppinen (a), Satu Patari (b), Anni Tuppura (b), Ari Jantunen (b) Abstract: * The PPI has been seeking renewal under the emerging concept of bio-economy. * We explore the current situation and the potential for future value creation. * We adopt a Delphi approach aimed at PPI experts in several European countries. * The industry's future relies heavily on innovation, and developing new products. * We construct a scenario and discuss the needed changes to current business logics. Author Affiliation: (a) Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014 Helsingin Yliopisto, Finland (b) School of Business and Management, Lappeenranta University of Technology, P.O. Box 20, 53851 Lappeenranta, Finland Article History: Received 20 June 2016; Revised 29 December 2016; Accepted 28 February 2017