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The aim of this paper is to explore and conceptualise the total quality management (TQM) and its relationship with hospitals' performance. There are two dimensions related to accounting subject; management accounting and management control system. From these dimensions, there are five factors or variables of TQM practices: benchmarking, hospital information system, continuous improvement, leadership and management process. The performance will be the dependent variable which consists of efficiency, business result and satisfaction indicators. The proposed method is quantitative method with population of public hospitals owned by the government. Structural equation model (SEM) will be used to analyse the data. Expectedly, this conceptual paper will give insights and information for future empirical studies. Byline: Fahmi Natigor Nasution, Erlina, Yeni Absah, Rujiman

This paper focuses on innovative learning methods (serious games, simulation games, virtual and augmented reality, the learning-by-doing concept, and Massive Online Open Courses) used in project management education. The use of these learning methods in project management education is crucial, as this subject needs to be practiced in real life. This paper aims to examine the current state of research in this area to determine which learning methods are most commonly used in project management education, what impact they have on the ability to learn, and whether these methods are beginning to transfer to the online environment. To this end, a systematic literature review was conducted in the Web of Science database, which resulted in 53 papers. The results show that game-based learning is the most frequently researched method (43 times). The impact of the analysed methods on the ability to learn was found to have been confirmed 23 times, especially in game-based learning research (18 times). On the other hand, the online environment is not predominant, and these methods are mostly taught on-site (28 times). KEYWORDS: Education, Innovation, Teaching methods, Project management, Serious games Ovaj rad usredotocuje se na inovativne metode ucenja (ozbiljne igre, simulacijske igre, virtualnu i prosirenu stvarnost, koncept ucenja kroz praksu, i masovne online otvorene tecajeve) koristene u obrazovanju za upravljanje projektima. Upotreba ovih metoda ucenja u obrazovanju za upravljanje projektima je kljucna, jer se ovaj predmet treba prakticirati u stvarnom zivotu. Cilj rada je ispitati trenutno stanje istrazivanja u ovom podrucju kako bi se utvrdilo koje su metode ucenja najcesce istrazivane u obrazovanju za upravljanje projektima, kakav utjecaj imaju na sposobnost ucenja, i da li se ove metode pocinju prenositi u online okolinu. U tu svrhu proveden je sustavni pregled literature u bazi podataka Web of Science, sto je rezultiralo s 53 rada. Rezultati pokazuju da je ucenje temeljeno na igri najcesce istrazivana metoda (43 puta). Utjecaj analiziranih metoda na sposobnost ucenja potvrden je 23 puta, posebno u istrazivanju ucenja temeljenog na igri (18 puta). S druge strane, online okolina nije prevladavajuca, i ove se metode uglavnom poducavaju na licu mjesta (28 puta). KLJUCNE RIJECI: obrazovanje, inovacija, metode poducavanja, upravljanje projektima, ozbiljne igre, 1. INTRODUCTION Project Management (PM) encompasses a set of complex activities required to successfully manage a project. The commonly taught topics in PM are: 'project selection, project initiation, defining the [...]

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2017.02.002 Byline: Anne Toppinen (a), Satu Patari (b), Anni Tuppura (b), Ari Jantunen (b) Abstract: * The PPI has been seeking renewal under the emerging concept of bio-economy. * We explore the current situation and the potential for future value creation. * We adopt a Delphi approach aimed at PPI experts in several European countries. * The industry's future relies heavily on innovation, and developing new products. * We construct a scenario and discuss the needed changes to current business logics. Author Affiliation: (a) Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014 Helsingin Yliopisto, Finland (b) School of Business and Management, Lappeenranta University of Technology, P.O. Box 20, 53851 Lappeenranta, Finland Article History: Received 20 June 2016; Revised 29 December 2016; Accepted 28 February 2017

Byline: Andy McKay,Tsegay G. Tekleselassie Keywords: cross-border travel; UN voting affinity; visa policy Abstract Cross-border travel for business, personal and tourism purposes is an important component of trade in services. In 2013, travel accounted for 25% of services export in the world. Trade in services accounted for 12% of GDP in the world. Hence, the role of travel in many economies is substantial. The current paper studies the determinants of cross-border flows of people with a particular emphasis on the role of visa policies. We adopt the UN General Assembly Affinity Index, a measure of the quality of bilateral relations between nations, to instrument for bilateral visa policy. We find that, ceteris paribus, imposing visa restrictions on a country reduces travel from that country by about 73% in 2010 implying restrictive visa policies discourage cross-border travel significantly. This implies an adverse impact of restrictive visa policies on trade-in-services.

Keywords Cash; Currency suppression; Monetary policy; Demonetization Abstract We quantify the welfare effects of cash suppression policies within a general equilibrium model where cash reduces transactions costs and aids tax evasion in underground markets. In the model, currency suppression increases transactions costs and raises effective tax rates, but shifts resources out of costly underground markets and relaxes the government budget. When coupled with a reduction in distortionary taxes on consumption or factor inputs to ensure budget neutrality, cash suppression policies increase welfare in our baseline representative agent model. In a model with individual heterogeneity in cash use, suppression increases welfare for all, but by less for cash-intensive users. Author Affiliation: (a) Claremont McKenna College, United States of America (b) University of Georgia, United States of America (c) Colby College, United States of America * Corresponding author. Article History: Received 10 July 2020; Revised 25 May 2021; Accepted 25 May 2021 (footnote)[white star] We are grateful to Eric Sims and Julie Smith for helpful comments and seminar participants at the Banco Central del Uruguay, Bates College, Bowdoin College, Colgate University, dECON-Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, UDELAR, University of Kentucky, Xavier University and participants at the 2018 Jornadas Anuales de Economía del Banco Central del Uruguay and the 2019 Midwest Macroeconomics Conference. Lastrapes acknowledges financial support from the University of Georgia's Bonbright Center for the Study of Regulation while working on this paper. The usual disclaimer applies. Byline: Julio Garín [jgarin@cmc.edu] (a), William D. Lastrapes [last@uga.edu] (b,*), Robert Lester [rblester@colby.edu] (c)

Keywords Institutions; State; Bureaucratic autonomy; Policy ideology; Resource curse; Environment Highlights * Bureaucratic autonomy is the elephant in the institutions matter room. * The flip side of growth in Peru includes the close to 8,500 abandoned mine sites. * Pressures from above and below enable the creation of 'paper institutions'. * We found little of bureaucratic autonomy in Hualgayoc and Pasco. * The resource curse debate has much to gain from qualitative and mixed methods. Abstract Over the last three decades, drawn by international influence and local discontent, mineral-dependent Peru has progressed in the acquisition of environmental protection regulations and policies for its mining industry. However, for regulations and policy announcements to matter, in face of power asymmetries and economic dependence, there must be bureaucratic autonomy. The cases of Hualgayoc and Pasco, scenarios of long and distinct processes of environmental damage and contention regarding mining in the Peruvian Andes, show fairly limited progress in environmental protection. This study on institutional change begins at the 1990s domestic-neoliberalism-meets-global-environmentalism juncture. The triumphant policy ideology of liberal boosting of the economy structured newborn environmental functions of the state for its mining industry. We show that pressures from above --the greened international political economy-- and below --grassroots activism and protest-- are contextual conditions enabling formal institutional change: they compel a resource-dependent developing country to carry out institutional reform to protect the environment from extractive industries. However, accretion of formal rules does not bring on their own bureaucratic autonomy for environmental protection. Author Affiliation: PUCP, Av. Universitaria 1801, Lima, Peru * Corresponding author. Article History: Accepted 27 February 2021 Byline: José Carlos Orihuela [orihuela.jc@pucp.edu.pe] (*), Arturo Mendieta [arturo.mendietan@pucp.edu.pe], Carlos Pérez [caperez@pucp.edu.pe], Tania Ramírez [tania.ramirezf@pucp.edu.pe]

***** No abstract is available for this article. ***** Byline: Dima Jamali, Jennifer S. A. Leigh, Ralf Barkemeyer, Georges Samara

Abstract Purpose--The purpose of this paper is to analyze the status of gross and net working capital and their association with sales of Andhra Pradesh Paper Mills Ltd, with reference [...]

The paper and board manufacturing process is associated with a number of defects that hinder the quality of the product produced. This study proposes a methodology to prioritise the failures/defects and suggests suitable lean tools for process improvement. Initially, cause and effect diagram is used to identify the root causes of failures. Then, fuzzy Delphi method (FDM) is used to identify the critical failures modes. Fuzzy analytical hierarchical process (FAHP) is then used to arrive at the weights for failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) criterion: severity, occurrence and detection using the expert's opinion. Fuzzy technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (fuzzy TOPSIS) is then applied to rank the prioritised failures based on the weights calculated using FAHP. Based on FAHP and fuzzy TOPSIS-based FMEA analysis, five failure modes namely crease, felt impression, stiffness variation, blade line and fluff are identified as the most critical. The prioritised design requirements are identified using fuzzy quality function deployment (FQFD) and the improvement methods are suggested by using lean tools such as 5S and total productive maintenance (TPM). Byline: N. Senthilkannan, R. Parameshwaran

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.05.005 Byline: Mattias Borg Rasmussen Abstract: * Conservation encounters not only 'dispossess' people or 'reclassify' resources, but mold and reshape local institutions. * Paperwork is a crucial arena for engagement between protected area administration and community organizations. * Contestations over landscape resources involve contestations over interpretations of history. * Community paperwork mediates claims to territorial sovereignty, people, and resources, as well as to history and future.

Four years ago, the Clinton Administration considered promulgating an executive order which would have required the federal government to purchase totally chlorine-free (TCF) paper to satisfy a small portion of [...]

For most of the nineteenth century Britain held an undisputed lead in the field of paper-machine technology. By the 1890s this lead had been lost to America. This article argues that Britain's loss of technological pre-eminence at this time had much more to do with the greater scale of the American market and the willingness of American manufacturers to embrace schemes that enhanced technological accumulation than it did to any protracted adherence to outdated and traditional practices that some British workers might have had. The article also outlines a general framework for the analysis of the rate of innovation achieved through learning., The relative economic decline of Britain since the last quarter of the nineteenth century has often been attributed to its firms' continued predilection for small-scale batch production and highly skilled [...]

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2014.03.027 Byline: Julia Kallrath, Steffen Rebennack, Josef Kallrath, Rudiger Kusche Abstract: acents We bridge research in optimization to real world cutting stock problems (CSPs). acents We develop two advanced column generation algorithms for 1D CSPs. acents We develop an Exhaustion Method for 1-CSPs with two criteria. acents We develop a sophisticated solution method for 2D-trim-loss minimization problems. acents We assemble a benchmark data set of 25 real world 1D cutting stock instances. Article History: Received 8 February 2013; Accepted 17 March 2014

Can you imagine a pile of 150 million tons of waste paper? That is approximately the quantity the OECD countries generated in 1990, the largest amount ever. Compressed into bales, [...]

Rebecca J. Scott and Jean M. Hebrard, Freedom Papers: An Atlantic Odyssey in the Age of Emancipation (Cambridge: Harvard University Press 2012) AFTER A CHANCE DISCOVERY of a piece of [...]

Phnom Penh -- On a far-flung riverbank in southwest Cambodia last spring, Buth Ran peered out of her wooden stilt home to see a sagging barge unload a half-dozen logging [...]

SAKARI HEIKKINEN, Paper for the World: The Finnish Paper Mills' Association: Finnpap, 1918-1996 (Helsinki: Otava Publishing Company, 2000. Pp.523; illus. H/back ISBN 951 1 16330 2, no price given). The [...]

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2007.10.019 Byline: Kazuki Matsumoto (a), Hiroyoshi Miwa (b), Toshihide Ibaraki (b) Keywords: Scheduling; Corrugated paper; Complexity; Contiguous set; Integer programming Abstract: Corrugated paper is produced by gluing three types of papers of the same breadth. Given a set of orders, we first assign each order to one of the standard breadths, and then sequence those assigned to each standard breadth so that they are continuously manufactured from the three rolls of the specified standard breadth equipped in the machine called corrugator. Here we are asked to achieve multi-goals of minimizing total length of roll papers, total loss of papers caused by the differences between standard breadths and real breadths of the orders, and the number of machine stops needed during production. We use integer programming to assign orders to standard breadths, and then develop a special purpose algorithm to sequence the orders assigned to each standard breadth. This is a first attempt to handle scheduling problems of the corrugator machine. Author Affiliation: (a) Department of Applied Mathematics and Physics, Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan (b) Department of Informatics, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan Article History: Received 24 March 2007; Accepted 5 October 2007

To access, purchase, authenticate, or subscribe to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2017.02.002 Byline: Anne Toppinen [anne.toppinen@helsinki.fi] (a), Satu Patari [satu.patari@lut.fi] (b,*), Anni Tuppura [anni.tuppura@lut.fi] (b), Ari Jantunen [ari.jantunen@lut.fi] (b) Keywords Pulp and paper industry; Bio-economy; Delphi study; Future; Business opportunities; Industry structure Highlights * The PPI has been seeking renewal under the emerging concept of bio-economy. * We explore the current situation and the potential for future value creation. * We adopt a Delphi approach aimed at PPI experts in several European countries. * The industry's future relies heavily on innovation, and developing new products. * We construct a scenario and discuss the needed changes to current business logics. Abstract The current challenge facing the European pulp and paper industry is how to materialize the transformation to a bio-economy, as well as to realize the necessary new green innovations. The risks, costs and constraints of doing business will increase, thereby further intensifying competition, but at the same time new business opportunities will open up. This study adopts a three-round dissensus-based Delphi approach in order to explore our key research question of how the pulp and paper industry may change strategically, and what is the potential for value creation in the year 2030. According to our expert panel, the main drivers of competitiveness in 2030 will include energy and material efficiency, sustainability, as well as new innovations in products to serve customer needs better. According to the projected 2030 scenario, the pulp and paper industry will produce more diversified products, focus on higher value-added, and aim at consumer segments with higher environmental awareness. On average, 40 percent of the turnover will according to the panel come from genuinely new products. Strategic cross-sectorial partnerships will have a key role in making this big leap, while simultaneously acknowledging the changing needs of sustainability-conscious customers and other stakeholders. Author Affiliation: (a) Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014 Helsingin Yliopisto, Finland (b) School of Business and Management, Lappeenranta University of Technology, P.O. Box 20, 53851 Lappeenranta, Finland * Corresponding author. Article History: Received 20 June 2016; Revised 29 December 2016; Accepted 28 February 2017

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2007.08.033 Byline: Philip C. Jones, Jeffrey W. Ohlmann Keywords: OR in agriculture; Forest economics; Normal forest; Regulated forest; Newsvendor model; Forestry supply chain management Abstract: We consider a vertically integrated papermaking operation composed of an integrated pulp and paper mill with its regional supply network. Considering land procurement and harvest rotation as strategic decision variables, we construct a model to establish a long-range timber supply plan that minimizes the total discounted cost of meeting annual virgin wood fiber demand over an infinite horizon. Under appropriate assumptions on costs and storage, the land procurement and harvest rotation decisions are separable with harvest rotation being determined via a forest economics-type equation and land procurement being determined by a newsvendor-type equation. Author Affiliation: Department of Management Sciences, 108 John Pappajohn Business Building, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1994, United States Article History: Received 18 January 2006; Accepted 24 August 2007

This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the phenomenon of interorganizational employee mobility, defined as a movement of employees between the source and destination organizations that goes beyond simple turnover behaviour. We use a bibliometric analysis approach that applies quantitative and statistical methods to bibliographic data to deepen our objective understanding of how research on interorganizational employee mobility has evolved over time and to examine whether interorganizational employee mobility is multilevel in nature. The results of the performance analysis and various science mapping methods (co-authorship analysis, co-citation analysis, bibliographic coupling, and co-word analysis) reveal clustered networks of key contributors in the field (i.e., authors, journals, affiliations, countries). Authors from the field of management, mainly from the USA and Western European affiliations, dominate the field. However, few of them have more than one publication on the topic of interorganizational employee mobility, which indicates that the literature in the field is still scattered and not yet mature. Our findings contribute to the career development literature by providing a detailed insight into how career has changed over time and highlighting the main constructs and factors associated with individual decisions to change employers. KEYWORDS: Interorganizational mobility, Contemporary career, Knowledge transfer, Interorganizational network, Bibliometric analysis Ovaj rad pruza sveobuhvatan pregled fenomena meduorganizacijske mobilnosti zaposlenika, definirane kao kretanje zaposlenika izmedu izvornih i odredisnih organizacija koje nadilazi obicnu fluktuaciju osoblja. Koristimo pristup bibliometrijske analize koji primjenjuje kvantitativne i statisticke metode na bibliografske podatke kako bismo produbili nase objektivno razumijevanje evolucije istrazivanja o meduorganizacijskoj mobilnosti zaposlenika tijekom vremena te istrazili je li meduorganizacijska mobilnost zaposlenika viserazinska po svojoj prirodi. Rezultati analize performansi i razlicitih metoda znanstvenog mapiraja (analiza koautorstva, ko-citacijska analiza, bibliografsko sprezanje i analiza ko-rijeci) otkrivaju grupirane mreze kljucnih dionika u podrucju (npr., autora, casopisa, afilijacija, zemalja). Autori iz podrucja menadzmenta, uglavnom iz SAD-a i zapadnoeuropskih afilijacija, dominiraju podrucjem. Medutim, malo njih ima vise od jedne publikacije o temi meduorganizacijske mobilnosti zaposlenika, sto ukazuje da je literatura u podrucju jos uvijek rasprsena i nije potpuno razvijena. Nasi rezultati doprinose literaturi o razvoju karijere pruzanjem detaljnog uvida u to kako se karijera mijenjala tijekom vremena te isticu glavne konstrukte i faktore povezane s individualnim odlukama o promjeni poslodavaca. KLJUCNE RIJECI: meduorganizacijska mobilnost; suvremena karijera; transfer znanja; medunarodna povezanost; bibliometrijska analiza, 1. INTRODUCTION The phenomenon of interorganizational employee mobility differs from and goes beyond mere turnover behaviour (Wille et al., 2010). While the latter focuses only on calculating the ratio of [...]

Keywords Environmental Efficiency; Shadow price of emissions; Marginal rate of transformation between emissions; Irreversible investment; DEA Highlights * An adjustment-cost directional output distance function is specified using DEA to investigate environmental inefficiency. * This framework is applied to the pulp and paper sector of 39 countries during 1996-2009. * USA, China, and Ireland are the most environmentally inefficient countries in the pulp and paper sector. * For those nations where the shadow price of CO.sub.2 is lower than the carbon tax, there is still an opportunity to abate emissions further. * Adjustment costs associated with net investment and disinvestment are found to be asymmetric Abstract Assessing the production of goods and services while minimizing the damage to the environment is a key component to advance sustainable development at national and global levels. The nonparametric estimation of lower and upper bounds on shadow prices of pollutants is undertaken to support the design of policies promoting environmental efficiency in the presence of asymmetry in adjusting productive and abatement capital capacity. This framework is applied to the pulp and paper sector of 39 countries for 1996-2009, and finds that the USA, China and Ireland are the most environmentally inefficient countries in the pulp and paper sector. The adjustment costs associated with net investment and disinvestment are found to be asymmetric. For those nations where the shadow price of CO.sub.2 is lower than the carbon tax, there is still an opportunity to abate emissions further. Results on complementarity or substitutability between pollutants are in general inconclusive. Author Affiliation: (a) Faculty of Economics & Center for Economics and Finance, University of Porto, Porto, PT, Portugal (b) Department of Economic Theory and Economic History, University of Málaga, Spain, and CEFAGE, Portugal * Corresponding author. Article History: Received 25 June 2019; Accepted 8 August 2022 (footnote) The authors are grateful to Spiro Stefanou for his helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. Byline: Elvira Silva (a), Manuela Magalhães [mane.magalhaes@gmail.com] (b,*)

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2014.10.035 Byline: Gabriel Sauvageau, Jean-Marc Frayret Abstract: * We propose an agent-based model of a two-echelon recycled pulp supply chain. * Extensive simulation experiments are based on industrial data from a partner. * We examine how Production Flexibility impacts cost, quality and inventory level. * We examine how contract flexibility impact cost, quality and inventory level. Author Affiliation: Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, Departement de mathematiques et genie industriel, 2500, chemin de Polytechnique, Montreal, H3T 1J4, Canada Article History: Received 2 October 2013; Accepted 17 October 2014

Timothy J. Minchin, The Color of Work: The Struggle for Civil Rights in the Southern Paper Industry, 1945-1980 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press 2001) IN THE COLOR OF [...]

J. Meijaard, M.J. Brand and M. Mosselman (2001), `Organisational Structures in SMEs: Occurrence and Clusters', paper presented to the 15th RENT Conference, Turku, November. J. Maes, L. Sels and F. [...]

AMIDST THE ECONOMIC crisis of 2009 and the loss of tens of thousands of manufacturing jobs, one key strategic challenge for Canadian labour is how to hold the line and [...]

A container loading software package for solving the different problems involved in the containerization of pulp and paper products is presented. The software boasts of a packing algorithm for creating a two-dimensional pattern for placing reels on the floor of container, a heuristic algorithm for two-dimensional stowing of reels of a common diameter and a second packing algorithm for stowing pallets of various sizes. Its applicability has been validated in several decision situations which include the determination of feasible reel diameters and efficient stowage patterns.

Several studies have used various datasets and methodologies to analyze the relationship between bilateral trade and income convergence among trading partners. However, most studies have not paid attention to the effect that income levels and nature of bilateral trade have on the speed of income convergence. In this paper, we argue that the income levels of trading partners and the nature of bilateral trade play important role in the relationship between bilateral trade and international income convergence. To account for the effect of income levels of trading partners, this paper presents an approach that explicitly accounts for bilateral trade among high-income (OECD) countries, bilateral trade between high-income and low-income (SSA) countries, and bilateral trade among low-income (SSA) countries. We also used total trade data for 25 OECD countries and 30 Sub-Saharan African countries over the period 1980-2018 to avoid the potential bias for selecting certain countries based on arbitrary percentage of trade relationship. We used the 2SLS estimations technique to avoid endogeneity problems due to the nature of the dataset. The paper finds that the bilateral trade-income convergence relationship for OECD to SSA is the strongest. This result throws light on the claim that the nature of bilateral trade between high-income and low-income countries promotes one directional knowledge spillover from high-income to low-income countries which enables low-income countries to adopt new technologies and grow faster than their high-income counterparts. Also, bilateral trade among OECD countries, which mostly comprises of differentiated products, promotes descent income convergence among them. However, bilateral trade among SSA countries has the least effect on income convergence. Findings of the study have important implications for bilateral trade among low-income countries and between low income and high income countries. First, if SSA countries want to develop and catch up with their rich counterparts, they should continue to promote free trade with high income countries by dismantling remaining protection policies. Second, the African Continental Free Trade Area's (AfCFTA) efforts to boost the manufacturing sector through industrialization is in the right direction to promote the production of more differentiated products in Africa which will create growth in income for member countries as they trade more. Finally, there is the need for SSA countries to increase investment rates and improve human capital accumulation to enable them to accelerate the adoption of new technologies and grow faster than their high-income counterparts, while bridging the income gap between them through trade. JEL Classifications: F11; F14; O33; O47 Keywords: Economic Openness; Income Convergence; Bilateral Trade; Economic Growth; 2SLS Estimator, INTRODUCTION The implications of international trade on income differential among trading nations have been professionally researched since the works of neoclassical growth theorists (Solow, 1956; Swan 1956) which generated the [...]

1. Introduction Over the last few decades, the global economy has witnessed an unprecedented interest in Emerging Markets. They have become critical players in the global economy and contribute a [...]

CHASTON'S PAPER CONSIDERS THE application of the Danish Technology Institute's networking project (DTINP) in a UK context. The paper starts by suggesting that the DTINP is premised on the notion [...]

As global value chain (GVC) participation and knowledge spillovers have arguably become more crucial for countries, it is still challenging to measure their real value for countries. The complexity comes from the trade in intermediate goods as part of GVCs and the inability to track their coupling with additional components and services. The result is double counting and lack of clarity about the real value of GVCs for countries. This paper assesses how GVC participation and knowledge spillovers influence double counting and transitively the innovation and value added growth in GVCs for the case of Japan. The empirical evidence suggests that expanding production fragmentation within GVCs and diversifying foreign suppliers in production stages foster innovation and maximize knowledge diffusion, leading to enhanced value added output. Thus, knowledge spillovers and feedback effects within and between countries at bilateral and multilateral integration levels affect the GVCs. The paper sheds light on the intricate nature of intermediate goods flows in GVCs and the link between double counting and knowledge spillovers in GVCs. Keywords: double counting, global value chains, knowledge spillover, value added JEL classification codes: E01, E16, F14, L14, 1. Introduction As multinational companies expand globally, global value chain (GVC) participation becomes more crucial but challenging to measure. The complex nature of trade in intermediate goods and the inability [...]

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2015.03.006 Byline: Michael Haenlein

The world is losing its forests, and fast. Three quarters of the earth's land mass were once covered with forests. Half of those forests have already been destroyed or converted [...]

It is widely held that smart contracts on a blockchain possess several unique properties, including immutability, disintermediation, and enhanced security, that can be advantageous to organizations. In particular, having these properties can enable smart contracts to benefit human resources departments in a number of ways, including applicant verification, tracking employee skills and tasks, and facilitating compensation. However, it is also reported that effectively implementing smart contracts involves a number of challenges to HR managers. To address these challenges, it would be valuable to establish criteria to help HR managers employ smart contracts successfully. The purpose of this paper is to develop a set of such criteria. The paper first provides an overview of the nature of blockchain and smart contracts and then, based on a review of relevant literature, describes how implementation of blockchain-enabled smart contracts in an HR department may benefit an organization by producing transaction cost savings through expediting processes, enhancing security, and reducing intermediaries. The paper then focuses on various challenges that have been identified in the literature to the successful use of smart contracts. These include issues regarding smart contract integrity, immutability, and security, as well as potential problems associated with a variety of legal issues. Synthesizing this information, the paper develops a set of best practice guidelines to help HR managers determine whether and how to employ smart contracts successfully for HR-related processes. The guidelines emphasize the importance of initial understanding and testing of planned smart contracts, protecting security by ensuring that only permissioned people can access smart contract data, and guaranteeing the integrity of smart contracts by paying very close attention to the translation of natural to programming language and establishing robust reviews of programmed contracts. Policy implications of the guidelines include the importance of HR departments ensuring that all employees who are involved in implementing the technology have a good understanding of the nature and capabilities of smart contracts, that robust methods be implemented to guarantee that the contracts are correctly programmed, and that HR managers keep abreast of legislative environment related to legal issues that may affect their department's use of smart contracts. JEL classifications: M12, M5, O33, L20 Keywords: Smart Contract, HRM, Blockchain technology, INTRODUCTION Utilizing smart contracts on a blockchain can improve processes common to human resource management (HRM), including refining applicant verification; accurately and securely tracking individual employees' skills, talents, and tasks; [...]

The aim of the paper is to enhance the understanding of strategic human resource management (SHRM) as a concept by identifying the factors that impact its adoption in organizations and the potential outcomes, thus creating a comprehensive framework. This paper has been designed as an integrative literature review that attempts to answer the following research questions: What are the predictors of the adoption of a multi-stakeholder perspective in human resource management and what are the expected outcomes of implementing strategic human resource management in terms of value creation? In addition, the paper aims to answer the following questions: How do strategic changes influence the adoption of the multi-stakeholder perspective in human resource management (or the strategic human resource management processes) and is there a causality between them? To explain the interconnectedness between strategic changes and human resource management, the authors propose a conceptual framework for the multi-stakeholder perspective in human resource management or a new model for strategic human resource management. The proposed conceptual model provides a more comprehensive view of strategic human resource management. The key elements of the proposed strategic human resource management model are the CEO leadership characteristics, including CEO career diversity and CEO willingness to adopt the authentic leadership approach, and the possible consequences of SHRM in achieving higher organizational effectiveness (improved organizational performance). This model also assumes that employee engagement plays a mediating role between strategic human resource management practices and organizational effectiveness. This paper provides an integrative literature review on the adoption of the multi-stakeholder perspective in human resource management and creates a new conceptual framework for strategic human resource management. KEYWORDS: CEO, multi-stakeholder perspective, strategic human resource management, employee engagement, organizational performance Cilj ovog rada je poboljsati razumijevanje strateskog upravljanja ljudskim resursima (SHRM) kao koncepta identificiranjem cimbenika koji utjecu na njegovu usvajanje u organizacijama te mogucih ishoda, stvarajuci tako sveobuhvatan okvir. Ovaj rad je koncipiran kao integrativni pregled literature koji pokusava odgovoriti na sljedeca istrazivacka pitanja: Koje su prediktori usvajanja perspektive vise zainteresiranih strana u upravljanju ljudskim resursima i koji su ocekivani ishodi implementacije strateskog upravljanja ljudskim resursima u smislu stvaranja vrijednosti? Osim toga, rad nastoji odgovoriti na sljedeca pitanja: Kako strateske promjene utjecu na usvajanje perspektive vise zainteresiranih strana u upravljanju ljudskim resursima (ili procesima strateskog upravljanja ljudskim resursima) i postoji li uzrocnost izmedu njih? Da bi objasnili medusobnu povezanost izmedu strateskih promjena i upravljanja ljudskim resursima, autori predlazu konceptualni okvir za perspektivu visestrukih dionika u upravljanju ljudskim resursima ili novi model za stratesko upravljanje ljudskim resursima. Predlozeni konceptualni model pruza sveobuhvatniji pogled na stratesko upravljanje ljudskim resursima. Kljucni elementi predlozenog modela strateskog upravljanja ljudskim resursima su karakteristike liderstva izvrsnog direktora, ukljucujuci raznolikost karijere izvrsnog direktora i njegovu volju za usvajanjem pristupa autenticnog liderstva, te moguce posljedice SHRM-a u postizanju vece organizacijske ucinkovitosti (poboljsane organizacijske performanse). Ovaj model takoder pretpostavlja da angazman zaposlenika igra posrednicku ulogu izmedu praksi strateskog upravljanja ljudskim resursima i organizacijske ucinkovitosti. Ovaj rad pruza integrativni pregled literature o usvajanju perspektive visestrukih dionika u upravljanju ljudskim resursima i stvara novi konceptualni okvir za stratesko upravljanje ljudskim resursima. KLJUCNE RIJECI: izvrsni direktor, perspektiva visestrukih dionika, stratesko upravljanje ljudskim resursima, angazman zaposlenika, organizacijske performanse, 1. INTRODUCTION Freeman (1984) explained the stakeholder framework through the lens of strategic management, highlighting the importance of the context in which organizations operate to create a sustainable competitive advantage. [...]

Previous research has shown that implementing blockchain technology in businesses can lead to more secure and efficient processes in various organizational areas, including human resource management. This review paper examines the use of blockchain in human resources departments from the perspective of transaction cost economics theory, which identifies several fundamental variables that increase transaction costs for firms. These variables include bounded rationality, the pervasive possibility of opportunistic behavior, and uncertainty. The paper explores how blockchain implementation, including blockchain-enabled smart contracts, can mitigate these challenges. The paper also identifies some limitations to using blockchain and smart contracts that may increase transaction costs and thus reduce transaction cost savings. KEYWORDS: blockchain, smart contracts, HRM, transaction cost economics, bounded rationality, opportunism, uncertainty., 1. INTRODUCTION The new, disruptive forms of production, consumption, and communication we are experiencing today, referred to as the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Schwab, 2016), are largely due to the increasing [...]

This paper describes the growth of local-currency bond markets in Emerging Asia and the institutional and policy challenges facing the region's economies for their further development. It presents an empirical analysis of the relationship between local-currency government bond (LCGB) market development and the components of financial development, using panel data for selected Emerging Asian economies. The analysis seeks to identify the key determinants for the development of LCGB markets. The results show that the depth of and access to both financial markets and financial institutions have a significantly positive impact on LCGB market development. Critical factors associated with local-currency bond market depth include macroeconomic variables, the exchange-rate regime, capital account openness and creditor rights. Based on these results, the paper offers policy directions for fostering the development of local-currency bond markets in the region. Keywords: Local-currency government bond, bond market development, financial deepening, financial development, Southeast Asia, Asia, 1. Introduction Emerging Asia's bond markets have grown substantially over the last two decades. For instance, in the six ASEAN countries for which data are available (Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, [...]

Reduction in teenage pregnancy was one of the Health of the Nation (Department of Health (DH) 1992) targets and, although there has been a slight drop in the national pregnancy [...]

In 1948 the National Health Service (NHS) was founded by Nye Bevan. Note the word 'health'. It was intended that this new organisation would not just provide treatment for the [...]

Over the past fifteen years, A substantial body of research findings has been steadily published in almost all of the developed countries, which in general has supported the view that [...]

ROBERT BENNETT HAS CONTRIBUTED significantly to academic and policy debates on the role of the UK's Training and Enterprise Councils in promoting smal-scale enterprise and in this paper focuses on [...]

INTEREST IN THE CONCEPT OF THE 'industrial district' is now well established in several academic disciplines and especially in the area of small business studies. There are, however, more and [...]

As an important part of corporate value, risk-taking has always been the focus of scholars. The existing research mainly focuses on the impact of corporate shareholders and managers' personal characteristics on corporate risk-taking, and few scholars study it from the perspective of regional environment. Based on the sample of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2006 to 2020, this paper empirically tests the impact of regional investment preferences on corporate risk-taking by using multiple regression methods; Then, the instrumental variables and propensity matching methods are used to test whether the main regression results have changed; Furthermore, this paper explores the mechanism of regional investment preference to reduce the level of corporate risk-taking; Finally, the impact of industry intensity and policy uncertainty on the main regression results will be tested in an expanded way. The research results show that the stronger the investment preference of the region where the company is located, the lower the company's risk-taking. After a series of robustness tests such as instrumental variable method and propensity score matching method, the main regression results of this paper remain unchanged. The mechanism test shows that regional investment preference can reduce managers' overconfidence and improve the quality of internal control, thereby reducing the level of corporate risk-taking. Further research shows that fierce industry competition and policy uncertainty can enhance the impact of regional investment preferences on corporate risk-taking. The research results not only enrich the research on the factors affecting enterprise risk-taking, but also deepen the theoretical understanding of the impact of the regional environment on corporate governance, which has certain reference significance for further improving corporate governance, optimizing corporate risk-taking and enhancing corporate value. JEL Classifications: G34, M14, O16 Keywords: Investment preference, Risk-taking, Overconfidence, Internal control, Corresponding Author's Email Address: Email: 810353126@qq.com, INTRODUCTION Risk-taking is an important link in the company's investment decision-making. It refers to the behavior tendency of the company to choose high-risk investment projects on the basis of weighing [...]

A summary of research working papers that are relevant especially to managers and policy-makers.

The current, and justified, fascination with the tacit component of knowledge ... must not cloud the fact that organisations to a large extent are 'articulation machines,' built around codified practices [...]

Issues are presented concerning the primitive concepts and oversights in the 'jump search' heuristic presented by S. Tsubakitani and J.R. Evans in their research paper entitled 'An empirical study of a new metaheuristic for the traveling salesman problem'.

Agriculture plays a vital role in driving economic output and employment in Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. Despite some progress, agricultural productivity in SSA still lags behind other regions. Limited access to finance remains a significant impediment to improving agricultural productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa. This paper investigates the effect of financial proximity on agricultural productivity in Sub-Saharan African countries. The study primarily employs the system GMM estimator, chosen to address the endogeneity issue typical in macro panel data. This method is also well-suited to our study because it accommodates a high number of cross-sections relative to the number of periods within each cross-section. Additionally, the IV-2SLS method is employed to check the robustness of the findings. The study uses an unbalanced panel for the 36 African countries with data for the period 2004-2019. Our findings show that increasing the financial proximity favors agricultural productivity in SSA countries. Specifically, the number of commercial bank branches (CBB) and the number of automated teller machines (ATM) per 100 000 adults, as indicators of financial proximity, have positive and significant effects on agricultural value added per worker in SSA. Additionally, our findings show that rainfall, arable land, and institutional quality are robust determinants of agricultural productivity. The positive effects of the number of CBB and the number of ATM are even more pronounced on agricultural productivity when coupled with strong institutional quality. Our findings suggest that improving financial services' accessibility in rural areas, coupled with enhanced institutional quality, regular rainfall, ample arable land, and increased access to water and land, are pivotal steps for achieving sustainable enhancements in labor productivity. This, in turn, leads to increased returns through value-added growth and expanded employment in the agricultural sector. JEL Classifications: G21, Q14, Q18 Keywords: Financial inclusion, Financial proximity, Agricultural productivity, Sub-Saharan Africa, INTRODUCTION Agriculture is a key contributor to economic output and the leading source of employment among Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries, contributing 4 times more to regional gross domestic product (GDP) [...]

Existing literature on health inequalities often overlooks the nuanced dynamics, particularly among vulnerable children with chronic diseases and disabilities and fails to consider regional disparities within countries like South Africa. This paper asserts the necessity for a more granular analysis in South Africa, recognizing the varied health outcomes for children across different economic segments and geographical settings. Specifically, the health trajectories for children differ markedly between rural formal areas, regions under traditional authorities, formal urban areas, and informal urban settlements. Addressing the generalizations common in prior research, this study takes a precise, regionally focused approach to socio-economic-driven disparities in chronic illness or disability. It distinguishes between rural formal areas, traditional authority areas, formal urban areas, and informal urban areas, unveiling the intricate layers of health disparities. Using data from the National Income Dynamics Study, concentration indices, and the Oaxaca-Blinder Decomposition method, the paper analyzed health inequality trends from 2008 to 2017. The results uncover significant inequalities, with alarming trends, particularly among children with chronic illnesses and disabilities in traditional authority regions and informal urban environments. The paper's evidence shows that rural formal areas have experienced a decline in health disparities as opposed to the deepening divide in traditional authority-led regions. The urban analysis reveals a split: while formal urban settings often favour the wealthier, informal urban areas indicate a shift towards lower socioeconomic brackets. The decomposition analysis highlights the evolving socioeconomic elements influencing each region over time. These insights emphasize the urgent necessity for geographically tailored policy interventions. By understanding the distinct socioeconomic landscapes across various regions, we can formulate policies that resonate with each area's specific realities and challenges. Such targeted strategies are essential in reducing health inequalities and enhancing the life quality of children with chronic health conditions and disabilities, playing a critical role in South Africa's journey toward comprehensive health equity. JEL Classification: I14 Keywords: Socioeconomic disparities, Chronic illness, Disability, South African children, Urban and rural variations, Health inequality, INTRODUCTION Globally, persistent health concerns and disabilities, including HIV and AIDS, respiratory ailments, undernourishment, and mental health issues, present considerable public health obstacles for children. A striking United Nations Children's [...]

Usage of pairwise comparison method in sense of analytic hierarchy process to rank factors affecting industrial decision making process is discussed.