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This is Volume 1 of the Report of the Commissioner of Education for the Year 1892-93, containing Parts I and II. This volume begins with the Commissioner of Education's Introduction. Part I covers the topics: (1) Statistical Summaries; (2) Illiteracy in the United States; (3) System of Public Education in Belgium; (4) Elementary Education in Great Britain; (5) Education in France; (6) Education in Ontario, New Zealand, and India; (7) Recent Developments in the Teaching of Geography in Central Europe; (8) The Common School System of Bavaria; (9) Education in Uruguay; (10) Child Study; (11) Bibliography of Herbartianism; and (12) Name Register. Part II, Education and the World's Columbian Exposition, covers the topics: (1) Programme of the International Congress of Education and Addresses of Welcome; (2) American Views and Comments on the Educational Exhibits; (3) German Criticism on American Education and the Educational Exhibits; (4) French Views upon American Education and the Educational Exhibits; (5) Medical Instruction in the United States as presented by French Specialists; (6) Notes and Observations on American Education and the Educational Exhibits, by Italian, Swedish, Danish, and Russian Delegates; (7) American Technological Schools; (8) Higher Education of Women in Russia; (9) Papers Prepared for the World's Library Congress; and (10) Notes on Education at the Columbian Exposition. [For "Report of the Commissioner of Education for the Year 1892-93. Volume 2. Containing Parts III and IV," see ED622070.]

Influential historic documents in American education are presented in Chapter I, including legislation, land grants for common schools and universities and for agricultural and mechanical colleges, Bureau of Education role, early discussion on establishing a national university, and state constitutions' education provisions. Also included are the report of the Committee of Ten on Secondary School Studies and related papers in Chapter II, and a section on the National Education Association's (NEA) history, organization, and function in Chapter III. A catalogue of NEA papers and addresses since founding is included. Character of and facilities for negro education is addressed in Chapter IV, covering cost, the largely elementary nature of negro education, increasing attention to industrial education, negro education's teaching force, professional training, and institutional statistics for 1892-93. Chapter V covers pecuniary aid for university and college students in U.S. colleges, universities, and women's colleges; English universities; France, and Germany. Chapter VI discusses university extension programs. Chapter VII concerns medical education, including raising its standards, course, lengthening, clinical instruction, students with degrees, women in medicine, higher medical education, and German and American medical students. Education condition in 17 states, the District of Columbia, and Hawaii is covered in discussion and data. A list of notable deaths during the year in the education field is included. Statistical tables cover: school population, attendance, instruction, leadership, and facilities in cities with upwards of 8,000 population; public school receipts and expenditures for those cities; cities with unavailable school data; public high schools; endowed academies, seminaries, and other private secondary schools; universities and colleges; Division A and B women's colleges; agricultural and mechanical colleges; agricultural and mechanical colleges for colored students; receipts and expenditures of funds benefitting colored students in agricultural and mechanical colleges; scientific schools and technology institutes; schools of theology, law, medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, veterinary medicine, and nursing; public and private normal schools; university and college normal students; commercial and business colleges; state institutions for the deaf; public day and private schools for the deaf; state institutions for the blind; state institutions and private schools for the feeble-minded; reform schools; and foreign countries' public elementary education. [For "Report of the Commissioner of Education for the Year 1893-94. Volume 1. Containing Part I," see ED622073.]

This is the Report of the Commissioner of Education, part of the Annual Report of the Secretary of the Interior for the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1895. The Bureau of Education report is contained within volume five, which is in two parts. Part one contains: (1) The Commissioner of Education's Introduction; (2) Statistics of State Common-School Systems; (3) City School Systems; (4) Statistical Review of Secondary Schools; (5) Statistical Review of Normal Schools; (6) Statistical Review of Higher Education; (7) Statistical Review of Professional Schools; (8) The Educational Systems of England and Scotland, with Statistics for 1893-94; (9) Manitoba School Case; (10) Education in France; (11) Public Education in Belgium; (12) Education in Central Europe; (13) Education in the Netherlands; (14) Education in Italy; (15) Report of the Loyal Commission on Secondary Education; (16) Papers Accompanying the Report of the Loyal Commission on Secondary Education; (17) Higher Education in Russian, Austrian, and Prussian Poland; (18) Art education in the public schools; (19) Facilities for the University Education of Women in England; (20) Educational Status of Women in Different Countries; (21) Chautauqua: A Social and Educational Study; (22) Pensions for Teachers; (23) Coeducation--Compulsory Attendance--American Students in Foreign Universities--Continuation and Industrial Schools; and (24) Educational Directory. [For the first part of the Commissioner of Education's 1894-95 report, see "Report of the Commissioner of Education for the Year 1894-95. Volume 2. Containing Parts II and III" (ED622083).]

Volume 1 begins with the Commissioner of Education's introduction and includes state school-system statistics. Chapter I covers education in Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. Chapter II presents children's growth statistics collected in Worcester, Mass., Toronto, Ontario, and Milwaukee. Chapter III addresses German university pension and insurance beneficiary regulations. Chapter IV presents a digest of school laws on governance, teachers, and schools for each state except Florida, Idaho, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming. Chapter V discusses the University of Paris during the Middle Ages. Chapter VI presents the proceedings of an Armstrong Association meeting on the work and influence of Hampton Institute, including a letter from former U.S. president Grover Cleveland and addresses by Andrew Carnegie, Harvard president Charles W. Eliot, Hampton principal H.B. Frissell, and Booker T. Washington. Chapter VII addresses public school temperance instruction and the liquor question, with reports from Connecticut, New York State, and Massachusetts, as well as information on Prussian temperance instruction. Chapter VIII presents early English writers' notices on education from 1578 to 1603. Subsequent chapters address German juvenile criminality; Southeastern Alaska's Hlingit language grammar and vocabulary; the Swedish education system; British and Irish education in 1903; and English higher education, i.e., secondary, technical, and evening schools, and the 1902 law requiring councils to support schools higher than elementary schools. Chapters XIV and XV cover education at the St. Louis Exposition, including state and territorial and educational institution exhibits. Chapter XVI discusses the final establishment of the American common school system in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia between 1863 and 1900. Chapter XVII reprints the Alaskan-education general agent's 1890 preliminary report and 1892 report on introducing domestic reindeer into Alaska. Chapter XVIII offers "A Definition of Civilization," the Indian Industrial School commencement address by W.T. Harris, and papers by Harris on "Art Education the True Industrial Education" and "The Intellectual Value of Tool Work." Chapter XIX is a list of U.S. education periodicals. Chapter XX is a directory of chief state school officers, city superintendents, college presidents, pedagogy professors and university and college pedagogy department heads, and normal-school principals. [For Volume 2, see ED620501.]

This bulletin contains a translation of a recent account of the auxiliary schools of Germany. The problem of proper provision for exceptional children and especially for backward children in greater city systems of schools has long been recognized as one of great importance. It has to do not only with the welfare of the children immediately concerned, but with that of all other children in the same schools for the necessity of devoting extraordinary care and attention to a few backward members of the class not infrequently prevents the teacher from giving due care and attention to the larger number of normally endowed members. For both reasons, the city school authorities within the past few years have devoted much attention to ungraded classes and other special provision for these exceptional children. It is believed that an account of a parallel movement in Germany, where it has had a longer history and has reached a more advanced organization will be of use to those who are furthering this movement in America. The lectures of Doctor Maennel here presented in free translation, together with his bibliographies, constitute the best account which Commissioner Elmer Ellsworth Brown has yet seen of this phase of German education and as such he believes the publication will be widely useful in this country. Bibliography and index are included. [The lectures contained in this paper were translated by Fletcher Bascom Dresslar. Best copy available has been provided.]

One of the most important factors in the education of children is the establishment of their physical health, without which all learning and training must have less value for the individual and for society than they would have with it. Implicitly in the act creating the Bureau of Education and explicitly in recent acts of Congress, investigations in regard to the health of children, the publication of the results of these investigations, and giving such information as will help teachers and school officers in solving the problems of school hygiene and sanitation are made functions of the bureau. The three papers transmitted herewith, written by F. B. Dresslar, Ph. D., specialist in school hygiene and sanitation in the Bureau of Education; Thomas D. Wood, M. D., professor of physical education in Columbia University;. and Charles E. North, M. D., of New York City, in a very effective way to call the attention of teachers, school officers, and parents to the importance of the health of children, and offer many valuable practical suggestions as to the means of preserving it. (Contains 3 footnotes.) [Best copy available has been provided.]

The program of the subsection on commercial education of the education section of the Pan American Scientific Congress, held in Washington City December 27, 1915 to January 8, 1916 under the auspices of the U.S. Government, was so comprehensive and the papers of such value that the Commissioner of the Bureau of Education requested the assistant secretary general of the congress to prepare the papers for publication as a bulletin of the Bureau of Education. Abstracts have been made by the writers of the papers or compiler of this bulletin. In a few cases the statement is taken from the official stenographic report. This document, which additionally includes information about the congress, the development of commercial education, and the congress program, is meant to satisfy the increasing general interest in commercial education in all parts of the country, and especially in the centers of urban population. An index is provided. (Contains 10 footnotes.) [Best copy available has been provided.]

This bulletin is based upon reports to the International Commission on the Teaching of Mathematics concerning the development of the teacher of mathematics in the better secondary schools of different countries. For the most part, only those schools which are under the immediate direction of the Government have been considered. And even here discussion is limited to the best schools for boys and to the teachers in such schools. As a rule, the schools for girls are not as completely organized or of so high a standard. Included in this bulletin, when possible, are brief independent sketches of the educational conditions in the various countries, so that the readers may receive here in connected form condensed but definite accounts of the following phases of educational work in the country under discussion, in so far as they bear on the preparation of teachers of secondary mathematics: (1) the general educational scheme; (2) secondary schools and their relation to that scheme; (3) the mathematics taught in the secondary schools and the pupils to whom it is taught; (4) the inducements (such as salary, pensions; social position) to young men to take up secondary-school teaching as a profession; (5) the universities of the country, the courses of mathematics and allied subjects they offer, and the diplomas or certificates they confer. The countries profiled include Australia, Austria, Belgium, Denmark, England, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Roumania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States. The following are appended: (A) England: Cambridge local examinations, senior students; Oxford and Cambridge schools, examination board; University of London, matriculation examinations; (B) England: Entrance scholarships examination papers, Cambridge University; (C) France: Concours for admission to the Ecole Normale Superieure and for the Courses de licenses in 1913; (D) Agregation des sciences mathematiques; (E) Germany: Reifeprufungen; Lehramtsprufungen; (F) Japan; Examination questions. This bulletin was produced with the editorial cooperation of Smith, D. E.; Osgood, W. F.; and Young, J. W. A. An index is provided. (Individual chapters contain footnotes and tables.) [Best copy available has been provided.]

The ten papers in this document were developed for a meeting prepared for the Third International Congress on Mathematical Education. Each paper is concerned with research from 1970-1975 related to the mathematical learning process. The first paper describes projects conducted in England on both content and process learning. The second paper discusses the concrete/semi-concrete/abstract movement, cognitive-affective emphases, and goal structure for learning mathematics. The third paper includes a general description of recent developments in research on individual students, teacher effects, and process-outcome studies. A fourth paper focuses on probabilistic thinking in children and adolescents. The fifth paper looks at the relation between the individual, the environment, and the school as affecting learning. The sixth paper identifies organizations and journals in the United States which are concerned with research in mathematics education. The seventh paper categorizes research on mathematics learning into five general groups: research internal to the field of mathematics education, research by academic and educational psychologists, clinical research, artificial intelligence and computer simulation, and structural learning. An eighth paper summarizes the major psychological influences on the problems of mathematics curriculum and instruction and explores the impact of information-processing theory on psychology and education. The ninth paper (written in German) covers Piagetian theory, cognitive psychology, microprocesses in mathematical learning, and motivation. The final paper discusses the setting for research in the United States and summarizes research on organization and sequencing of instruction, teaching approaches, developmental stages, diagnosis and remediation, algorithmic learning, problem solving, use of materials, achievement evaluation, and attitudes. (DT)