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The two volumes of these working papers include articles by linguists from Scandinavia and other parts of the world. Under the heading, "The Use of IT in Grammatical Analysis/Parsing" are five articles: "Creating Inflecting Electronic Thesauri"; "Tagging Speech Data--Constraint Grammar Analysis of Spoken Portuguese"; "A Constraint-Based Tagger for Norwegian"; "Swedish Constraint Grammar"; and "Two Two-Level Models of Norwegian." Under the heading "Functional/Cognitive Linguistics" are 12 articles: "The Subject is Nominative! On Obsolete Axioms and Their Deep Rootedness"; "Negation: A Cognitive Hurdle in Interpreting"; "Inflection Classes, Norwegian Verbs, and Cognitive Grammar"; "Conditionals in Institutional Settings"; "Different Competencies? A Comparison of the Productive and Receptive Languages of a Danish Agrammatic Patient"; "Some Reflections on Syntactic Structure and the Acquisition Process"; "Placement and Scope of Mainland Scandinavian Modal Adverbs"; "On Grammaticalization of Body-Part Nouns: 'Hand' in Finnish and Estonian"; "Some Pragmatic Properties of French Cleft Constructions"; "The Construal of the Scene: Selected Existential Constructions"; and one article each in German and Danish. Under the heading "Language in Interaction" are eight articles: "Overlap Management and Interactional Competence"; "Stereotypes in Action"; "Danish in Greenland -- a new Dialect? Preliminary Results From a Pilot Project"; "Meanings of the Word 'Work' in a Danish Unemployment Office"; "Codeswitching between Persian and Swedish"; and three articles in Danish. Under the heading "Endangered languages" are four articles: "How Fast Will a Language Die When It Is Officially No Longer Spoken?"; "Komi, an Endangered Language?"; "Phonetic Salience and Language Change: Verb Paradigms in Inari Sami"; and "Linguistic and Political Aspects of Alphabet-Making for a Threatened Language." All articles include a brief abstract in English. References appear throughout the articles. (KFT)

The nine papers in this booklet were presented at three sessions of the IFLA General Conference. The text of the first paper, "Presidential Address at the Opening of the IFLA Council and General Conference: Moscow 1991" (Hans-Peter Geh, President of IFLA), is provided in English, German, and Russian. The text of the second paper, "Libraries and Culture," (N. N. Gubenko, Minister of Culture of the USSR) is provided in English, French, and Russian. Six of the seven remaining papers, which include four reports on IFLA's professional activities, are presented in English: (1) "IFLA Core Programme for Universal Availability of Publications (UAP). Medium Term Programme 1992-1997" (Graham P. Cornish); (2) "The Medium-Term Programme 1992-1997 of the UBCIM Core Programme" (Marie-France Plassard); (3) "Medium Term Programme 1992-1997. Universal Dataflow and Telecommunications Core Programme" (Leigh Swain); (4) "The Medium Term Programme 1992-1997 of IFLA's Core Programme for the Advancement of Librarianship in the Third World--ALP" (Birgitta Bergdahl); (5) "Chinese Libraries for the Promotion of International Cultural Exchange and Cooperation" (Li-Yi-Ti, China); and (6) "National Identity and International Knowledge: The Library's Bridging Role" (Alan E. Smith, New Zealand). The final paper, "Aculturacion y Bibliotecas: Analisis y Propuestas de Actuacion" (J. Fuentes Romero, Spain), is presented in Spanish. (MAB)

The 15 papers in this collection include opening remarks, reports on core programs of the International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA), and papers from a contributed papers session. Contents are: (1) "Opening Speech of the IFLA General Conference: Stockholm 1990" (Hans-Peter Geh), in German, with an English translation; (2) "The IFLA Core Programme for the Universal Availability of Publications (UAP)" (David Bradbury and Graham P. Cornish); (3) "Core Programme on Preservation and Conservation (PAC), Report to the Open Forum for the IFLA Core Programmes Sunday, 20 August 1990" (Merrily A. Smith); (4) "IFLA UDT (Universal Dataflow and Telecommunications) Core Programme, Open Forum 1990" (Leigh Swain); (5) "How Does a National Library with a Triple Function Operate?" (Martina Sircelj); (6) "The Threat of Illiteracy in Developing Countries: Challenges and Reality" (N. G. Naidu); (7) "Libraries as Partners in the Fight To Eradicate Illiteracy in Sub-Saharan Africa" (Kosi A. Kedem); (8) "Un outil de transfer des connaissances entre le Nord et le Sud: la Banque internationale d'information sur les Etats francophones (BIEF)" (BIEF--The International Bank of Information on French-Speaking Countries--A North-South Knowledge Transfer Tool) (Suzanne Richer); (9) "Das Kalmarmodell: die Bibliothek als informatives und padagogisches Werkzeug im Schulunterricht" (The Kalmar Model: The Library as Information and Teaching Tool in School Instruction) (Brigitte Kuhnel); (10) "Telecottages--Inside or Outside Libraries?" (Tuula Haavisto); (11) "Libraries and Social Structure" (Bengt Goransson); (12) "Universal Bibliographic Control and International MARC Programme" (Marie-France Plassard); (13) "Opening Address to the 56th IFLA General Conference" (Wolfgang Lohner); (14) "How To Nominate Members for Standing Committees, 1991" (Hope Clement); and (15) opening remarks (in German) by Lars-Erik Sanner. (MAB)

These conference papers report on interim outcomes of investigations conducted at the German Institute for International Educational Research. An opening address, "Education, Democracy and Development in a Period of Revolutionary Change" (Wolfgang Mitter), is followed by four sets of papers. The first set, "European Community," includes "European Dimension, Multiculturalism, and Teacher Training--Experience in a Network of Training Institutions" (Christoph Kodron) and "Democratic Legitimation and the Educational Policy of the European Community" (Ulrich Schaffer). Next, "Post-Communist Societies" presents "School Development in the East German Federal States and the European Context" (Hans Dobert); "Upheavals in Hungarian Education" (Martas Gutsche); "First Projects of Functional Literacy in the New Federal States of Germany" (Gerhard Huck); "Comparative Education between Ideology and Science on the Self-Concept and the Evolution of the Discipline in the GDR" (Bernd John); and "Global Changes and the Context of Education, Democracy and Development in Eastern Europe" (Botho von Kopp). The third section, "Asia and Africa," offers "Inspiring Achievements and Hard Tasks Ahead: A Study on the Recent Development of Literacy Education in the People's Republic of China" (Fu Li); "UNESCO's Environmental Education Efforts in the Tanzanian Context" (Gerhard Huck); and "The Japanese University in a Changing Context: More Market or More Regulation?" (Botho von Kopp). Finally, "Research Projects in Progress" contains the papers: "School as a Place of Socialization and Learning--an International Comparison on School Reality: Description of the Project" (Peter Dobrich); "Intra-national Comparson of Instructional Time, Time in School, and School-related Time in Bavaria, Hamburg and Hesse" (Wolfgang Huck); "Time for School--Initial Results from an International Comparison" (Wolfgang Huck); "Immigrant Children and Special Education: The Situation in Germany" (Andrea Mertens, Dirk Randoll); "Effects of Mainstreaming in Schools: Results from Empirical Studies in Two European Countries" (Dirk Randoll); and "Recent Trends in All-day Schooling and Child Care in Some European Countries" (Gerlind Schmidt). (LL)

This collection contains three papers providing an introduction to the International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) Core Programs, four contributed papers, and two Plenary Session papers: (1) "The Universal Bibliographic Control and International MARC (Machine Readable Cataloging Formats) Program" (Winston D. Roberts); (2) "Le Programme d'acces universel aux publications de l'IFLA (IFLA's Universal Access Program)" (Marie-France Plassard); (3) "IFLA Universal Dataflow and Telecommunications (UDT) Core Programme: IFLA Open Forum 1989" (Leigh Swain); (4) "Searching the Image Data Bank of the Bibliotheque Publique d'Information at the George Pompidou Center via the NUMERIS Network: Economic Aspects" (French and English versions; Luce-Marie Albiges); (5) "Library Funding and Economics: A Framework for Research" (Yale Braunstein); (6) "La Planificacion como incentivo de financiacion de bibliotecas publicas (Planning as an Incentive in Financing Public Libraries)" (Natividad Correas and Magdalena Vincent); (7) "Can we run libraries without books and journals?" (John Davies); (8) "Quelques problemes dans l'implantation de systemes d'information avances dans des pays en voie de developpement (Some Problems Involved in the Installation of Advanced Information Systems in Developing Countries)" (James Robredo, Tania Maria Botelho, and Murilo B. da Cunha); (9) "Priced Business Information Services from the Public Sector: Will They Succeed?" (Sheila A. E. Webber); (10) "Presidential Address: Paris 1989" (German and English versions; Hans-Peter Geh); and (11)"Libraries, Information, Economics" (Jacques Michel). (SD)

The six papers in this collection focus on science and technology libraries: (1) "Human Aspects of Electronically-Stored Information: The Library User" (A. J. Meadows, United Kingdom); (2) "Untersuchung Menschlicher Aspekte bei den Elektronisch Gespeicherten Informationen: Ansichten des Leiters eines Bibliothekskollektives = Human Aspects of Electronically Stored Information: Point of View of a Director of Library Staff" (Dieter Schmidmaier, East Germany); (3) "Human Factors and Electronically Stored Information: The Publisher's Point of View" (Christine Baldwin, United Kingdom); (4) "Adaptation im Bibliotheksbau--Gilt das auch fur Spezialbibliotheken? = Adaptation in Library Construction: Does This Also Apply to Special Libraries?" (Dieter Schmidmaier, East Germany); (5)"ADONIS: The Experience to Date" (Barrie Stern, the Netherlands); and (6) "ADONIS: The View of the Users" (David Bradbury, United Kingdom). The last two papers were delivered at a joint meeting of the Section of Science and Technology Libraries and the Section of Serial Publications. (CGD)

Of the 11 papers in this collection, three are in German and in English translation; one is in French with an English translation and two are in French only; one is in Spanish with an English translation; and four are in English. The papers include: (1) "Europaische Bibliotheksinitiativen = European Library Initiatives" (Gunther Pflug); (2) "Die Zusammenarbeit Wissenschaftlicher Bibliotheken in den Sozialistischen Landern = The Cooperation of Academic Libraries in the Socialist Countries in Europe" (Radoslaw Cybulski); (3) "National Libraries in a Time of Change" (Maurice B. Line); (4) "Was Ist eine Nationalbibliothek? = What Is a National Library?" (Gunther Pflug); (5) "The National Libraries of Southern Europe: Present Situation and Probable Development" (Maria Luisa Cabral); (6) "La situation des bibliotheques universitaires au Portugal = The Situation of the University Libraries of Portugal," (Maria Jose Moura, in French only); (7) "Las Bibliotecas de Investigacion y el Sistema Espanol de Bibliotecas = The Research Libraries and the Spanish Library System" (Jeronimo Martines Gonzales); (8) "Automation et Cooperation dans les Bibliotheques Universitaires Italiennes = Automation and cooperation in Italian university libraries" (Giovanni Solimine, in French only); (9) "Guidelines for the Security of Loan Exhibitions" (Henry J. Heaney); (10) "'The Many and the One': Implications of Conspectus Building for Individual University Libraries" (David H. Stam); and (11) "Progress Report on 'The Legislation of the National Libraries of the Countries of the World' for the Period from April 1987 to July 1987" (Lenin State Library of the USSR). (MES)

The three papers in this collection were presented at the opening of the conference and the plenary session. The first is the "Presidential Address: Brighton, 1987 = Eroffnungsansprache zur IFLA Generalkonferenz Brighton 1987" (Hans-Peter Geh). These remarks by the President of the International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) address the theme of the conference--"Library and Information Services in a Changing World"--with: (1) special attention to a view of IFLA since its founding in 1927; (2) recognition of the 110th anniversary of the British Library Association and the appropriateness of holding the conference on British soil; (3) the wide-ranging activities in library work in the Third World by IFLA; (4) education of the present-day librarians who must adapt to a rapidly changing social and technological environment; (5) new professional fields presenting new job possibilities; and (6) a summary of discussions concerning closer coordination between the professional work done in the Sections and Core Programs. Also included in this collection are: "Preservation Is Justified by Access" (Alexander Wilson, formerly of the British Library, United Kingdom), and "Is the Library a Source of Information in the Developing Countries? = Bibliotheque, Source d'information dans les pays en developpement?" (K. M. Aithnard, Director General, New African Editions, Togo). Two of the papers are given in both the original language and English. (CGD)

Four of the 10 papers in this collection are presented in the original language, i.e., either French or German, and English translations are provided for two of them. The papers are: (1) "UAP (Universal Availability of Publications) and Its Relation to Research and Education" (Maurice B. Line); (2) "Zehn Jahre IFLA-Abteilung Ausbildung und Forschung = Ten Years of the Division of Education and Research) (Paul Kaegbein); (3) "La culture orale et les bibliotheques (Oral Culture and Libraries)" (Raphael Ndiaye) (in French only); (4) "Bibliotheks-und Buchgeschichte als Teil der Bibliotheksforschung und Geschichtswissenschaft: Ein Uberregionales Forderungsprogramm (Library and Book History as a Part of Library Research and the Science of History: An Interregional Promotional Program)" (Joachim-Felix Leonhard) (in German only); (5) "Des Geschichte der IFLA als Forschungsgegenstand-Herausforderung und Verpflichtung = The History of IFLA as a Research Theme: Challenge and Commitment" (Klaus Plotz); (6) "Scholarly Writing and Desktop Publishing" (Michael D. R. Lougee); (7) "IFLA and Professional Communication" (Roland Hjerppe); (8) "Brief Summary on the Bibliothecological Researches in Cuba" (Marta Terry); (9) "Education and Research in Preservation and Conservation" (Josephine Riss Fang); and (10) "Computer Networks as a Publication Medium: Implications for Libraries" (Roland Hjerppe). (MES)

The five papers in this collection focus on computerized legal databases and their content: (1) "Disk and Dat: Recent Developments in Legal Databases and Emerging Information Technologies in the United States" (Howard Hood, United States); (2) "Online Databanken zum EG-Recht und ihr Angebot (Online Databases for European Community Law and Their Content)" (Harald Muller, West Germany, in German only); (3) "Major Developments in Computer-Assisted Legal Research in Canada" (Martin Felsky, Canada); (4) "Computerized Legal Data Bases and Their Contents--Israel" (E. I. Cuomo, Israel); and (5) "Computerised Legal Databases and Their Content: United Kingdom and Ireland" (Diane Raper, United Kingdom). (CGD)

Two of the papers on national bibliography compiled here are printed in the original language as well as English translation: (1) "Le Congres de Paris sur les bibliographies nationales et ses recommendations: dix ans apres, objectifs partiellement atteints" = "The Paris Congress on National Bibliographies and Its Recommendations: Ten Years Later, Objectives Partially Achieved" (Marcelle Beaudiquez); (2) "The Universal Bibliographic Control (UBC) Contribution to the Development of National Bibliographies" (Barbara Jover); (3) "Progress, Problems and Prospects in Current National Bibliographies: Implementations of the ICNB [International Congress on National Bibliographies] Recommendations" (Barbara L. Bell); (4) "Die Anwendung von Klassifikationssystemen in Nationalbibliographien" = "The Usage of Classification Systems in National Bibliographies" (Barbara Kelm and Walther Traiser); (5) "The Future of the National Bibliography" (P. R. Lewis); and (6) "Development of the Tanzania National Bibliography since the 1977 Congress on National Bibliographies" (Theophilus E. Mlaki). (MES)

This document includes games and activities for the German as a foreign language class. There are games designed to help students get to know one another, games to help develop vocabulary skills and grammar, and activities for role playing. A list of references and resources is included as well as an index to abbreviations and symbols. (AB)

Texts of conference papers and summaries of colloquia on classroom environment and interaction in second language teaching are presented, including: "Fluency Development" (James Dean Brown); "Learner Development: Three Designs" (in Japanese) (Hiroko Naito, Yoshitake Tonia, Takao Kinugawa, Morio Hamada); "Desirable Japanese Teachers and Classroom Activities: A Survey towards a Learner-Centered Classroom" (in Japanese) (Takako Ishida); "Identity and Beliefs in Language Learning" (Tim Murphey); "Japanese Language Learning Through Structured Group Encounters" (in Japanese) (Shin'ichi Hayashi, Yukari Saiki, Takako Ishida); "Learner Self-Evaluated Videoing" (Tim Murphey, Tom Kenny); "The Learning Journal: An Aid to Reinforcement and Evaluation" (Sophia Wisener); "Using Texts To Understand Texts" (Steven Brown); "Vocabulary and Reading: Teaching and Testing" (David Beglar, Alan Hunt); "Research on Vocabulary Retention" (Guy Kellogg); "Adapting the Shared Inquiry Method to the Japanese Classroom" (Carol Browning, Jerald Halvorsen, Denise Ahlquist); "Literature? Oral English? Or Both?" (Linda Donan); "Adding 'Magic' to an EFL Reading Program by Using Children's Literature" (Linda J. Viswat, Linda C. Rowe); "Reading Activities in the Communicative Classroom" (Gregory Strong); "Cross-Border Peer Journals in EFL" (David George); "Motivating Students To Write: Activities From Three Different Classrooms" (Midori Kimura, Keiko Kikuchi, Joyce Maeda); "Student Publishing: The Value of Controlled Chaos" (Brad Visgatis, Tamara Swenson); "Oral History: A New Look at an Old Subject" (Barbara Valentine Dunkley); "Invent Your Own Soap Opera" (Julia Dudas, Andrew Wright); "Metric Conversion: Acquiring English Rhythm" (Margaret Sharkey, Eiko Ushida); "Problems of Teaching German in Large Classes" (in German) (Alfred Gehrmann); and "Constructive Methods of Dealing with Large Classes" (Thomas L. Simmons, Dawn Yonally, Edward Haig). Individual papers contain references. (MSE)

There are 10 papers in this collection from the Division of Education and Research: (1) "The Importance of Basic Training in Marketing for Librarians and Information Professionals" (French and English versions; Rejean Savard); (2) "Information Management Education: Some Interdisciplinary Approaches" (Marianne Broadbent); (3) "Educational Implications of Information Development" (Jesus Lau); (4) "The International Role of the Library of Congress: A Brief History" (John Cole); (5) "The Use of Anglo-French Comparisons by the Promoters of the 1850 Public Libraries Act" (Paul Sturges); (6) "Research on Reading and Books: A Jungle of Confusing Terms" (German and English versions; Konrad Teckentrup); (7) "Sociology of Reading and Use of the Library" (French and English versions; Martine Poulain); (8) "International Seminar on Continuing Professional Education: A Report (German and English versions; Horst Hogh); (9) "Mastering Access: The Birmingham MSc Information Management" (Trevor Haywood and Sandi Kirkham); and (10) "Library and Information Research in Yugoslavia" (Dora Secic and Dubravka Stancin-Rosic). (SD)

There are 20 papers in this collection from the Division of Collections and Services: "IFLA Division of Collections and Services" (Hope E. A. Clement); "Divisional Open Forum Reports" ("Section of Acquisition and Exchange" by Ulrich Montag; "Section of Government Information and Official Publications" by Bernadine Abbott Hoduski; "Section on Serial Publications" by Mary Sauer Price; "Section on Interlending and Document Delivery" by Rudolph Frankenberger; and "Section on Rare and Precious Books and Documents" by Richard Landon); "Collaborative Interdependence: The Human Dimensions of the Conspectus" (Paul H. Mosher); "Acquisitions in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Example of the Bibliotheque Nationale of Paris" (French and English versions; Paulette Lordereau); "The International Problem of Differential Pricing for Research Literature" (German and English versions; Rolf Griebel); "Depository System of Storage of Library Collections in the USSR" (Z. P. Sorokina and N. Z. Starodubova); "The Danish Repository Library for Public Libraries" (C. H. Henriksen); "The Problem of the Need" (Maurice B. Line); "Bibliographic Control and Interlending Aspects" (G. Gattermann); "Some Realistic Proposals to Overcome the Financial Barriers to International Document Delivery" (Graham P. Cornish); "Charging for Interlibrary Loans: A Proposal of No Interest?" (Etienne Hustache); "Adopting UNIMARC as a National Format: The Portuguese Experience" (Fernanda Maria Campos); "ISDS (International Serials Data System) Exchange Format" (French and English versions; Slawek Rozenfeld); "Serial Records, International Exchange, and the Common Communication Format" (Peter Simmons); "Forschung in einer Zeit der Sparpolitik und des Bibliotekswandels (Research in a Time of Fiscally Conservative Politics and Transformations of the Library)" (Bernhard Fabian); and "Rare Book Collections under Constraint, a Librarian's Point of View" (Mirjam M. Foot). (SD)