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Abstract Background Xylazine is a α2-adrenergic receptor agonist, used for sedation in veterinary contexts. Although it is increasingly found in overdose deaths across North America, the clinical management of xylazine-involved overdoses has not been extensively studied, especially in community-based harm reduction settings. Here we present a clinical series of xylazine-involved overdose and share the clinical approach and lessons learned by a community overdose response team in Tijuana, Mexico amidst the arrival of xylazine. Case Presentation We present three cases describing the clinical management of patients with xylazine-involved overdoses that occurred in close proximity to the Prevencasa community harm reduction clinic. The long period of post-naloxone sedation in xylazine overdoses is a unique clinical feature. The first case is a 61-year-old man with longstanding opioid and methamphetamine use disorder found hypoxic, who received 4.0 mg of intranasal naloxone, and quickly began respirating well. He remained unconscious for 20 min, and upon awakening, experienced withdrawal symptoms, agitation and confusion, and exposed himself to considerable physical danger by entering a local roadway. The second is a 28-year-old man who primarily uses stimulants, who overdosed while trying “China White”. His oxygen saturation improved from 81 to 100% with supplemental oxygen and field management, and he did not require naloxone administration. He recovered consciousness after 40 min. The third patient is a 36-year-old male who was found down, saturating at 20%, who received 0.4 mg intramuscular naloxone, was placed in recovery position, and remained unconscious for 12 min before making a complete recovery. The first and third patients provided urine and drug samples that tested positive for xylazine and fentanyl. Conclusions We describe insights about the clinical management of combined xylazine-fentanyl involved overdoses in the field, from a community harm reduction context where xylazine arrived suddenly spurring a large number of overdoses. In response to the long period of post-naloxone sedation inherent to xylazine overdoses, the clinical team learned to center oxygenation—not consciousness—as the key parameter of interest for the titration of naloxone, increase emphasis on field airway management, portable oxygen administration, and scene safety, and employ xylazine testing strips for urine and direct substance analysis to educate the patient population about health risks.

Abstract Background Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women worldwide. Most breast cancer-related deaths result from metastasis and drug resistance. Novel therapies are imperative for targeting metastatic and drug-resistant breast cancer cells. Accumulating evidence suggests that dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) promote breast cancer progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Compared with healthy breast tissue, miR-660-5p is notably overexpressed in breast cancer tumor tissues. However, the downstream effectors of miR-660-5p in breast cancer cells have not been fully elucidated. Our aim was to investigate the role of miR-660-5p in breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis and to identify its potential targets. Results Our findings revealed significant upregulation of miR-660-5p in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells compared with MCF-10 A cells. Furthermore, inhibiting miR-660-5p led to notable decreases in the proliferation, migration, and invasion of breast cancer cells, as well as angiogenesis, in HUVEC cells. Through bioinformatics analysis, we identified 15 potential targets of miR-660-5p. We validated TMEM41B as a direct target of miR-660-5p via Western blot and dual-luciferase reporter assays. Conclusions Our study highlights the upregulation and involvement of miR-660-5p in breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. Additionally, we identified TMEM41B as a direct target of miR-660-5p in breast cancer cells.

Abstract Background Oral Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is effective in preventing HIV transmission. However, despite high rates of HIV risk behaviors among people who inject drugs (PWID), this population remains underserved by current HIV prevention efforts in the United States. To address this challenge, we conducted an in-depth exploration of perspectives on using oral PrEP among PWID engaged in the HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 094 INTEGRA Study. Methods Guided by the Practical, Robust, Implementation, and Sustainability Model (PRISM), our qualitative study drew on semi-structured interviews conducted as part of the embedded implementation science evaluation of HPTN 094 INTEGRA. Seventy-seven PWID participants from five sites across New York City, Houston, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, and Washington DC were interviewed to assess intervention delivery, care access, and engagement sustainability. Audio files were transcribed verbatim and analyzed via an inductive and deductive thematic approach. Results Most participants (n = 46, 59.7%) discussed oral PrEP during their interview, though not directly prompted. Participants discussing PrEP had a mean age of 41.6 years and were predominantly white (54.3%) and cisgender men (60.9%). Among these, 15 participants described using PrEP. All participants had facilitated access to oral PrEP. Yet, the choice to use PrEP was influenced by personal risk perceptions, (mis)information about PrEP, and external factors (i.e. housing, financial security), which, for some, limited the autonomy to use PrEP. Two key themes emerged among participants using PrEP: ease of access and perceptions of high HIV risk. Those not using PrEP described two themes: low risk perception and prioritizing more urgent needs. Among participants not using PrEP a subgroup commonly described ambivalent interest, PrEP knowledge gaps, and PrEP readiness (i.e., contemplation). Conclusions Qualitative findings highlight that facilitated PrEP access was insufficient to motivate use for many participants. Rather, PrEP decision-making process (i.e., choice) was linked to risk perception and individuals’ capability to leverage PrEP as a resource based on their circumstances (i.e., autonomy). Participants’ descriptions of the centrality of choice and autonomy for PrEP use underscore that ease of access is a necessary pre-condition, but person-centered interventions should also address housing, financial stability, and urgent medical conditions to promote PrEP utilization among PWID. Clinical trial registration NCT04804027.

This paper outlines the design and fabrication of a portable optomechatronic system based on the theta-2theta configuration, which explores various optical characterization techniques for transparent materials and dielectric thin films. These techniques include Brewster angle and Abelès-Brewster angle measurements, critical angle measurements, and the surface plasmon resonance technique. The system consists of a mechanical assembly of rotating stages, a semiconductor laser, a photodiode connected to a data acquisition card, and a user interface for controlling the stepper motor rotation stages. Utilizing a BK7 substrate, the motorized stage achieved a resolution of 0.010. The Brewster angle measured was 56.550, with a refractive index (n) of 1.5137. The relative error obtained was Δn/n = 3.82 × 10−4, with a sensitivity of 164.27 RIU/degree and an accuracy of 0.37/degree. Furthermore, the discrepancies between theoretical and experimental refractive indices for different prisms at 639 nm ranged from ±7 × 10−4 to ±73 × 10−4. After testing various samples, the system demonstrated its capability to perform fast, precise, and non-invasive measurements. Its portability allows for use in diverse environments and applications.

La OXA-48, una beta-lactamasa de clase D, posee una capacidad de diseminación muy alta, hidroliza los carbapenemicos débilmente; sin embargo, cuando se asocia con otros mecanismos de resistencia como las B-lactamasas de espectro extendido (ESBL), AmpC o problemas de impermeabilidad; el nivel de resistencia a cefalosporinas y carbapenemicos es alto. Describimos los primeros aislados de OXA-48 en cepas de Escherichia coli, en un hospital de segundo nivel, de la Ciudad de Panamá. El primer caso reportado, presentaba infección de tejidos blandos, los otros cuatro casos fueron clasificados como colonizados; los pacientes eran diabéticos, e inmunosuprimido por VIH. Es necesario fortalecer la vigilancia de la resistencia a los antimicrobianos, la investigación epidemiológica, y reevaluar los protocolos de atención en las clínicas de heridas; considerar la toma de hisopados rectales para la identificación temprana de pacientes colonizados y así evitar su propagación.

Abstract Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from gestational tissues offer a promising avenue for prenatal intervention in congenital malformations although their application is hampered by concerns related to cellular plasticity and the need for invasive, high-risk surgical procedures. Here, we present naturally occurring exosomes (EXOs) isolated from amniotic fluid-derived MSCs (AF-MSCs) and their mimetic analogs (MIMs) as viable, reproducible, and stable alternatives. These nanovesicles present a minimally invasive therapeutic option, addressing the limitations of MSC-based treatments while retaining therapeutic efficacy. Methods: MIMs were generated from AF-MSCs by combining sequential filtration steps through filter membranes with different porosity and size exclusion chromatography columns. A physicochemical, structural, and molecular comparison was conducted with exosomes (EXOs) released from the same batch of cells. Additionally, their distribution patterns in female mice were evaluated following in vivo administration, along with an assessment of their safety profile throughout gestation in a mouse strain predisposed to neural tube defects (NTDs). The possibility to exploit both formulations as mRNA-therapeutics was explored by evaluating cell uptake in two different cell types(fibroblasts, and macrophages) and mRNA functionality overtime in an in vitro experimental setting as well as in an ex vivo, whole embryo culture using pregnant C57BL6 dams. Results: Molecular and physiochemical characterization showed no differences between EXOs and MIMs, with MIMs determining a threefold greater yield. Biodistribution patterns following intraperitoneal administration were comparable between the two particle types, with the uterus being among targeted organs. No toxic effects were observed in the dams during gestation, nor were there any malformations or significant differences in the number of viable versus dead fetuses detected. MIMs delivered a more intense and prolonged expression of mRNA encoding for green fluorescent protein in macrophages and fibroblasts. An ex-vivo whole embryo culture demonstrated that MIMs mainly accumulate at the level of the yolk sac, while EXOs reach the embryo. Conclusions: The present data confirms the potential application of EXOs and MIMs as suitable tools for prevention and treatment of NTDs and proposes MIMs as prospective vehicles to prevent congenital malformations caused by in utero exposure to drugs.

Abstract Low-cost sensors (LCS) for suspended particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 microns (PM2.5) have attracted worldwide attention for crowdsourcing air quality data. Here, we analyze one year’s worth of PM2.5 data from light-scattering LCS deployed in Monterrey, Mexico, one of the most polluted conurbations of Latin America. We also tested the Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm for classification and field calibration of the PM2.5 data derived from the LCS. Regression model performance increased from a low baseline (compared to other studies) of R 2 ≈ 0.3 to R 2 ≈ 0.5, with XGBoost outperforming the other machine learning algorithms tested. Differences in local climate and emission conditions emphasize the significance of considering regional distinctions when interpreting and comparing LCS responses and field calibration efforts. When using rank-level confusion matrices, True Positive air quality classification of predicted PM2.5 levels by XGBoost rated between 71% and 88%.

Abstract Innovation is currently driving enhanced performance and productivity across various fields through process automation. However, identifying intricate details in images can often pose challenges due to morphological variations or specific conditions. Here, artificial intelligence (AI) plays a crucial role by simplifying the segmentation of images. This is achieved by training algorithms to detect specific pixels, thereby recognizing details within images. In this study, an algorithm incorporating modules based on Efficient Sub-Pixel Convolutional Neural Network for image super-resolution, U-Net based Neural baseline for image segmentation, and image binarization for masking was developed. The combination of these modules aimed to identify capillary structures at pixel level. The method was applied on different datasets containing images of eye fundus, citrus leaves, printed circuit boards to test how well it could segment the capillary structures. Notably, the trained model exhibited versatility in recognizing capillary structures across various image types. When tested with the Set 5 and Set 14 datasets, a PSNR of 37.92 and SSIM of 0.9219 was achieved, surpassing significantly other image superresolution methods. The enhancement module processes the image using three different varaiables in the same way, which imposes a complexity of O(n) and takes 308,734 ms to execute; the segmentation module evaluates each pixel against its neighbors to correctly segment regions of interes, generating an $$O(n^{2})$$ quadratic complexity and taking 687,509 ms to execute; the masking module makes several runs through the whole image and in several occasions it calls processes of $$O(n\log n)$$ complexity at 581686 microseconds to execute, which makes it not only the most complex but also the most exhaustive part of the program. This versatility, rooted in its pixel-level operation, enables the algorithm to identify initially unnoticed details, enhancing its applicability across diverse image datasets. This innovation holds significant potential for precisely studying certain structures’ characteristics while enhancing and processing images with high fidelity through AI-driven machine learning algorithms.

Abstract Background Infection prevention and control (IPC) programs are essential to prevent and control the spread of multidrug-resistant organisms in healthcare facilities (HCFs). The current implementation of these programs in Latin America remains largely unknown. Methods We conducted a mixed-methods evaluation of IPC program implementation in HCFs from Guatemala, Panama, Ecuador, and Argentina, March-July 2022. We used the World Health Organization (WHO) IPC Assessment Framework (IPCAF) survey, a previously validated structured questionnaire with an associated scoring system that evaluates the eight core components of IPC (IPC program; IPC guidelines; IPC education and training; healthcare-associated infection [HAI] surveillance; multimodal strategies; monitoring and audit of IPC practices and feedback; workload, staffing, and bed occupancy; and the built environment and materials and equipment for IPC). Each section generates a score 0–100. According to the final score, the HCF IPC program implementation is categorized into four levels: inadequate (0–200), basic (201–400), intermediate (401–600), or advanced (601–800). Additionally, we conducted semi-structured interviews among IPC personnel and microbiologists using the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety model to evaluate barriers and facilitators for IPC program implementation. We performed directed content analysis of interview transcripts to identify themes that focused on barriers and facilitators of IPC program implementation which are summarized descriptively. Results Thirty-seven HCFs (15 for-profit and 22 non-profit) completed the IPCAF survey. The overall median score was 614 (IQR 569, 693) which corresponded to an “advanced” level of IPC implementation (32% [7/22] non-profit vs. 93% [14/15] for-profit HCFs in this category). The lowest scores were in workload, staffing and bed occupancy followed by IPC training and multimodal strategies. Forty individuals from 16 HCFs were interviewed. They perceived inadequate staffing and technical resources, limited leadership support, and cultural determinants as major barriers to effective IPC guideline implementation, while external accreditation and technical support from public health authorities were perceived as facilitators. Conclusions Efforts to strengthen IPC activities in Latin American HCFs should focus on improving support from hospital leadership and public health authorities to ensure better resource allocation, promoting safety culture, and improving training in quality improvement.

Abstract Background Despite advances in screening and therapy, breast cancer (BC) remains the predominant cancer in women globally. Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) is pivotal in carcinogenesis across various cancers, including BC. Evidence indicates that miR‐1307‐3p is upregulated in BC tumors, yet its target genes are not fully elucidated. This study aimed to explore how miR‐1307‐3p regulates BC proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis and to identify potential target genes. Methods Basal miR‐1307‐3p levels were quantified in BC cell lines MDA‐MB‐231 and MCF‐7, as well as MCF‐10A using quantitative real‐time reverse transcription‐PCR (RT‐qPCR). The impact of miR‐1307‐3p inhibition on BC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis was assessed. Nine miRNA‐target prediction databases identified potential miR‐1307‐3p targets. Target expression was validated using RT‐qPCR, Western blot, and dual‐luciferase reporter assays. MiR‐1307‐3p was overexpressed in MDA‐MB‐231 and MCF‐7 compared to MCF‐10A. Results Inhibiting miR‐1307‐3p significantly reduced BC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. Bioinformatics analysis identified 17 potential miR‐1307‐3p targets, with protamine 2 (PRM2) overexpression confirmed via Western blot and dual‐luciferase assays. Conclusion MiR‐1307‐3p overexpression in BC promotes proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. PRM2 emerges as a novel miR‐1307‐3p target in BC.

Introducción. La degradación del suelo se desarrolla de forma natural a pequeña escala, sin embargo, la intervención del hombre la ha acelerado y maximizado. La erosión es uno de los principales procesos vinculados a la degradación, esta aunada a sistemas de explotación no adaptados al medio ambiente son la base para la reducción de la productividad y la contaminación de los cuerpos de agua. En Panamá, la degradación de suelo afecta 20 787 km2, área que abarca zonas donde se concentra gran parte de la producción agropecuaria del país. Objetivo. Determinar la pérdida de suelo por erosión hídrica en la subcuenca río Estibaná mediante la implementación de parcelas de erosión. Materiales y métodos. La investigación se desarrolló en la subcuenca río Estibaná, provincia de Los Santos, península de Azuero, Panamá (Arco Seco), durante la época lluviosa (mayo – diciembre) de los años 2020 y 2021. Se utilizó la metodología de parcelas de erosión, con el empleo de un diseño de Bloque Completos al Azar (BCA), en tres localidades, se evaluaron tres tratamientos, con tres repeticiones, donde se determinó escorrentía total, masa de sedimentos transportados (suspendido y precipitado), se realizó un ANDEVA Multifactorial. Resultados. La erosión fue influenciada por factores como pendiente, cobertura del suelo y precipitación. Se determinó que la erosión ascendió a 62,98 Mg/ha/año en suelo desnudo en pendientes de 10 %, con barreras vivas y cobertura del suelo se mitigó el daño por erosión, el comportamiento en otras pendientes presentó un comportamiento similar. Conclusiones. La variación de las precipitaciones en frecuencia, intensidad, duración; así como las intervenciones antrópicas en el medio natural, son los principales causantes del incremento de la pérdida de suelo dentro de la subcuenca río Estibaná. La implementación de labores de conservación de bajo costo puede mitigar el efecto erosivo de la escorrentía superficial.

This study aims to identify and comprehend the factors and pedagogical practices that facilitate or hinder the inclusion of students with disabilities in physical education classes at school, considering micro and macrosystemic levels. The methodology employed in this study was a case study approach, using an interpretative phenomenological analysis to construct thematic categories of analysis. These categories include: 1.Flexibility of the physical education teacher’s practices and strategies, 2. Teacher training, 3. Inclusive spaces and infrastructure, 4. Involvement of the educational community. The various data collection tools (interviews, focus groups and observations) allowed to portray and illuminate each of the topics of analysis and the contextual differences of the three schools analyzed. The findings demonstrate that inclusive strategies must be coherent and systemic in accordance with the contexts. However, it is possible to highlight inclusive strategies that reveal the importance of teacher commitment, the interconnected work between teachers and school management, the use of expeditious communication channels within the educational community and with governmental levels, the use of implements related to the practice of physical education and the use of the teacher’s voice as the primary agent for the implementation of inclusive learning strategies.

In the original publication [...]

This study examines the significant impact of bacterial, algal, and fungal toxins on foodborne illnesses, and stresses the importance of advanced detection techniques, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-based methodologies. It emphasizes the urgent need for further advancements in these techniques to ensure food safety, as they offer significant benefits, including low detection limits and the ability to be combined with other techniques to detect a wide range of toxins. In this regard, HPLC has emerged as a versatile and sensitive analytical technique for this purpose. Various HPLC methods, often enhanced with detectors such as ultraviolet (UV), fluorescence (FD), and mass spectrometry (MS), have been developed to identify and quantify microbial toxins in a wide variety of food samples. Recent advancements include HPLC-FD methods that utilize the natural fluorescence of certain aflatoxins, improving detection sensitivity. HPLC-MS/MS and UHPLC-MS/MS techniques offer high selectivity and sensitivity, making them suitable for detecting a wide range of toxins in trace quantities. The adaptability of HPLC, combined with innovative detection technologies and sample preparation methods, holds significant potential for enhancing food safety monitoring and reducing the global burden of foodborne diseases.

The spider Zimiris doriae Simon, 1882, is recorded for the first time in Venezuela, based on a female specimen collected inside a house at La Victoria, Aragua state. Furthermore, a preliminary list of 10 families and 24 introduced spider species found in Venezuela is provided.

Abstract In the UAE, current hospital policies mandate the disposal of biological waste, such as umbilical cords. However, this tissue represents a valuable source of therapeutic material like mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their secretome. The disposal of this valuable therapeutic material imposes a significant burden on public health. In the United States alone, approximately 18,000 people per year are diagnosed with diseases that could be ameliorated with stem cell therapy. These individuals often remain untreated due to the lack of available stem cells, as current methods for MSC obtention, such as Bone Marrow-MSCs, require an invasive bone marrow aspirate procedure, which is painful and can pose risks to donors, including infection and prolonged recovery times. This paper advocates for policy reform to facilitate the collection, storage, and utilization of umbilical cords. By addressing regulatory barriers and implementing standardized protocols, hospitals in the UAE can not only contribute to advancements in regenerative medicine but also solidify the nation's position as a leader in this emerging field, ultimately improving patient outcomes and reducing the disease burden both locally and regionally. This is particularly relevant given the significant burden of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the UAE, where 17.3% of the population aged 20 to 79 is affected with T2DM. Cardiovascular diseases and T2DM are few of the many disorders that can benefit from MSC therapy. Utilizing umbilical cord biowaste for such diseases can further build the UAE's status as a hub for medical tourism and accentuate it's growing prominence in the field of regenerative medicine.

Abstract Studies for the preservation of seagrass beds biotopes have met difficulties in establishing appropriate methods assessing their health. We tested the efficiency of space occupation by seagrasses scattered worldwide (dgrass index), which proved to be dependent on clonal growth form and morphometric plasticity. dgrass correlated with the above-ground to below-ground biomass ratio. However, the latter was misleading when high ratios resulted from low below-ground biomass. Nutrient Posphate-limitations were revealed in situations of theoretical Nitrogen-limitation. Enhanced nutrient supply benefitted seagrasses only up to a threshold after which it became detrimental. Better nurtured, healthier meadows with denser canopies increased the organic matter in the sediment and had associated greater abundances of benthic macrofauna. Hence, seagrass biotopes could benefit from moderate anthropogenic nutrient additions. However, organic matter above ≈6% and/or reduced riverine discharges (dams upstream and climate-change-related droughts) were detrimental to healthy meadows, jeopardizing ecosystem services such as macrofauna abundances and carbon sinks.

Abstract This study investigates the fabrication and characterization of electrospun poly (ε-caprolactone)/poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PCL/PVP) fibers integrated with a nanocomposite of chitosan, silver nanocrystals, and graphene oxide (ChAgG), aimed at developing advanced wound dressing materials. The ChAgG nanocomposite, recognized for its antimicrobial and biocompatible properties, was incorporated into PCL/PVP fibers through electrospinning techniques. We assessed the resultant fibers’ morphological, physicochemical, and mechanical properties, which exhibited significant enhancements in mechanical strength and demonstrated effective antimicrobial activity against common bacterial pathogens. The findings suggest that the PCL/PVP-ChAgG fibers maintain biocompatibility and facilitate controlled therapeutic delivery, positioning them as a promising solution for managing chronic and burn-related wounds. This study underscores the potential of these advanced materials to improve healing outcomes cost-effectively, particularly in settings plagued by high incidences of burn injuries. Further clinical investigations are recommended to explore these innovative fibers’ full potential and real-world applicability.

The red macroalga Gracilaria parvispora is an introduced species in the Mexican Pacific. To date, there are no published studies on its sessile epibionts, including the hydrozoans and bryozoans, which are the dominant epibionts on macrophytes and of significant biological and economic interest.This study provides insight into the faunal diversity of hydroids growing on G. parvispora. A total of 185 thalli from both herbarium specimens and field samples collected from five sites in La Paz Bay were revised. Each thallus size and the presence of hydroid epibionts in each thallus region were registered. Eight different hydrozoan taxa were growing on the red macroalgae, including the first recorded observation of Obelia oxydentata in the Gulf of California. The sizes of the collected thalli were mostly under 7.0 cm, the maximum number of taxa per thallus was three and the thallus region containing the highest number of epibionts was in the middle. Significant differences were observed amongst the lengths of thalli with and without epibionts. The thalli with epibionts were larger than the thalli without epibionts. Similarly, significant differences were observed amongst the months. The pair-wise test revealed that each month exhibited distinctive epibiont taxa when compared to the others. This study highlights the lack of information on these associations. Further research is needed to understand whether introduced macroalgae can bring non-native epibiont species to an area.

Abstract Mural cells are central to vascular integrity and function. In this study, we demonstrate the innovative use of the transcription factor NKX3.1 to guide the differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into mural progenitor cells (iMPCs). By transiently activating NKX3.1 in mesodermal intermediates, we developed a method that diverges from traditional growth factor-based differentiation techniques. This approach efficiently generates a robust iMPC population capable of maturing into diverse functional mural cell subtypes, including smooth muscle cells and pericytes. These iMPCs exhibit key mural cell functionalities such as contractility, deposition of extracellular matrix, and the ability to support endothelial cell-mediated vascular network formation in vivo. Our study not only underscores the fate-determining significance of NKX3.1 in mural cell differentiation but also highlights the therapeutic potential of these iMPCs. We envision these insights could pave the way for a broader use of iMPCs in vascular biology and regenerative medicine.

The irreducible decomposition of a monomial ideal has played an important role in combinatorial commutative algebra, with applications beyond pure mathematics, such as biology. Given a monomial ideal $ I $ of a polynomial ring $ S = k[{\bf x}] $ over a field $ k $ and variables $ {\bf x} = \{x_1, \ldots, x_n\} $, its incidence matrix, is the matrix whose rows are indexed by the variables $ {\bf x} $ and whose columns are indexed by its minimal generators. The main contribution of this paper is the introduction of a novel invariant of a monomial ideal $ I $, termed its signature, which could be thought of as a type of canonical form of its incidence matrix, and the proof that two monomial ideals with the same signature have essentially the same irreducible decomposition.

Abstract Seqrutinator is an objective, flexible pipeline that removes sequences with sequencing and/or gene model errors and sequences from pseudogenes from complex, eukaryotic protein superfamilies. Testing Seqrutinator on major superfamilies BAHD, CYP, and UGT removes only 1.94% of SwissProt entries, 14% of entries from the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, but 80% of entries from Pinus taeda’s recent complete proteome. Application of Seqrutinator on crude BAHDomes, CYPomes, and UGTomes obtained from 16 plant proteomes shows convergence of the numbers of paralogues. MSAs, phylogenies, and particularly functional clustering improve drastically upon Seqrutinator application, indicating good performance.

Introducción: La atención preconcepcional tiene la finalidad de aumentar las posibilidades de un resultado perinatal favorable, se conoce poco de ella en países de bajos y medianos ingresos en América Latina. Objetivo: Evaluar el conocimiento y prácticas de la APC y su relación con características sociodemográficas y obstétricas en mujeres en edad fértil en el sureste de México. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal con 138 mujeres que asistieron a centros de atención. Se utilizó un muestreo consecutivo y los datos se recogieron con un cuestionario estructurado. El análisis de datos implicó el cálculo de frecuencias, porcentajes y pruebas inferenciales. Resultados: La puntuación de las mujeres sobre conocimiento de APC obtuvo una media de 13,3 ± 3,24 y para prácticas una media de 8,13 ± 3,44 puntuaciones consideradas como bajas para ambas. El conocimiento de APC obtuvo una relación con la escolaridad (rs.460, p < ,05), el ingreso económico mensual (rs =,334, p < ,05). Además, se obtuvo una relación positiva y significativa entre conocimiento y práctica de la APC (rs=,267, p < ,05). Discusión: Estos hallazgos coinciden con los resultados reportados en estudios realizados en países de bajos y medianos ingresos. Conclusiones: Hay un nivel relativamente bajo de conocimiento y adopción de prácticas de APC en mujeres en edad fértil en el sur de México, y se relaciona con la educación y el ingreso socioeconómico, lo que las coloca en un grupo poblacional de alto riesgo de problemas de salud materno- infantil.

Microsporum canis is a dermatophyte that mainly affects dogs and cats. However, it can be transmitted to humans by direct contact. This makes it one of the most frequent causative agents of dermatophytosis in humans, reflecting the frequent human close relationships with pets. Conventional treatment relies on antifungal pharmacological agents. However, errors in application have led to the occurrence of fungal resistance and toxic effects. Consequently, new therapeutic alternatives are needed for M. canis infections. Plant extracts have been explored as phytotherapeutics for the treatment of dermatophyte infections, which prompted an attempt to apply extracts of the ethnopharmacologically important plants Artemisia ludoviciana and Cordia boissieri.

En este artículo, se examinaron los estereotipos de género en la adolescencia, su influencia en la formación de identidades y la internalización de roles. Además, se contextualizó la problemática y analizó su impacto en la vida de los adolescentes. El objetivo del estudio se enfocó en identificar y analizar los estereotipos de género internalizados por una muestra de adolescentes, así como explorar los factores relacionados con su formación y manifestación. Se empleó un enfoque cuantitativo con una muestra de 236 estudiantes, quienes oscilaban entre los 11 y 16 años de edad. Se utilizó la escala de estereotipos de género para recopilar datos sobre las creencias y percepciones de género. Los resultados revelaron una alta interiorización de estereotipos de género en las dimensiones de expresión afectiva y comportamiento social, y una baja interiorización en aspectos relacionados con el cuerpo y la responsabilidad social. También, se observaron diferencias significativas entre hombres y mujeres, con una mayor tendencia en los hombres a reproducir creencias estereotipadas en la mayoría de las dimensiones analizadas. Estos hallazgos subrayan la necesidad de intervenciones educativas que promuevan la igualdad de género y reduzcan los estereotipos. Estos resultados pueden guiar el diseño de programas y políticas dirigidas a disminuir los estereotipos de género y fomentar la igualdad de género en la adolescencia.

Endophytic fungi play a crucial role in the survival and adaptation of their host plants. In recent decades, unprecedented diversity of endophytic fungi has been reported in angiosperms, but knowledge about this diversity in tropical gymnosperms is lacking. Among gymnosperms, cycads (Cycadales) are important components of Neotropical forests with high levels of endemism in Central and South America. We used a combination of axenic culture and Sanger sequencing to isolate and identify leaf endophytes of two endemic cycads from humid forests of Panama, Zamia nana and Z. pseudoparasitica. The latter is the only known epiphytic gymnosperm. In Z. pseudoparasitica, 50 morphotypes were isolated from El Copé, 58 from Santa Fe, and 22 from Cerro Marta. We sampled one wild population of Z. nana (El Valle de Antón), from which we recovered 74 morphotypes. We also sampled Z. nana from the International Garden of Cycads in Panama City. Sequencing of 69 cultures with the ITS rRNA locus identified several ascomycetes: Colletotrichum, Cercophora, Hypoxylon, Phyllosticta, Xylaria, and a basidiomycete: Tritirachium. This is one of the first studies to document the diversity of endophytic fungi in a Neotropical gymnosperm and provides a window into the endophytic fungi that inhabit the leaves of tropical plants.

BackgroundMental health treatment is hindered by the limited number of mental health care providers and the infrequency of care. Digital mental health technology can help supplement treatment by remotely monitoring patient symptoms and predicting mental health crises in between clinical visits. However, the feasibility of digital mental health technologies has not yet been sufficiently explored. Rhythms, from the company Health Rhythms, is a smartphone platform that uses passively acquired smartphone data with artificial intelligence and predictive analytics to alert patients and providers to an emerging mental health crisis. ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to test the feasibility and acceptability of Rhythms among patients attending an academic psychiatric outpatient clinic. MethodsOur group embedded Rhythms into the electronic health record of a large health system. Patients with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, or other mood disorder were contacted online and enrolled for a 6-week trial of Rhythms. Participants provided data by completing electronic surveys as well as by active and passive use of Rhythms. Emergent and urgent alerts were monitored and managed according to passively collected data and patient self-ratings. A purposively sampled group of participants also participated in qualitative interviews about their experience with Rhythms at the end of the study. ResultsOf the 104 participants, 89 (85.6%) completed 6 weeks of monitoring. The majority of the participants were women (72/104, 69.2%), White (84/104, 80.8%), and non-Hispanic (100/104, 96.2%) and had a diagnosis of major depressive disorder (71/104, 68.3%). Two emergent alerts and 19 urgent alerts were received and managed according to protocol over 16 weeks. More than two-thirds (63/87, 72%) of those participating continued to use Rhythms after study completion. Comments from participants indicated appreciation for greater self-awareness and provider connection, while providers reported that Rhythms provided a more nuanced understanding of patient experience between clinical visits. ConclusionsRhythms is a user-friendly, electronic health record–adaptable, smartphone-based tool that provides patients and providers with a greater understanding of patient mental health status. Integration of Rhythms into health systems has the potential to facilitate mental health care and improve the experience of both patients and providers.

The Arab American community has faced a history of racialization dating back to the late 19th century. The events of 9/11 and the heightened rhetoric of hate during the Trump presidency encouraged anti-Muslim sentiment and increased racial profiling and harassment. This community-based participatory research (CBPR) project uses Photovoice as a methodology to better understand the lived experiences and narratives of Arab Americans in the post-Trump1 era and as a tool for advocacy. The findings from the photo sharing sessions underscore the continued challenge of identity and representation, (in)visibility, and pushing back against anti-Arab/Muslim racism. The findings also highlight religion as a protective factor against structural and systemic racism. Overall, the participants in this study demonstrated their community resilience and navigational capital as they survived and thrived amid racializing experiences and microaggressions. Implications of this work include the need for increased consciousness raising about the lived experiences of the Arab American community and opportunities for allyship and advocacy.

PURPOSEHereditary cancer syndromes (HCS) explain 5%-10% of all cancer cases. Patients with more than one germline pathogenic variant (GPV) result in a clinical syndrome known as multilocus inherited neoplasia allele syndrome (MINAS). In recent years, an increasing number of MINAS cases have been reported. This study aims to identify the prevalence of MINAS and determine the effect of two GPVs in HCS on patients from Northern Mexico.METHODSPatients (N = 2,282) were recruited from four public oncology centers and two private institutions with hereditary cancer detection programs in Nuevo León, México. A medical geneticist collected all the patient's clinical data and gave genetic counseling. Patients with MINAS were detected using multigene panels to detect GPVs; findings were classified according to American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines. The genetic data of patients with MINAS were evaluated by their frequency and combination.RESULTSWe found 386 (16.9%) patients with one or more variants and 23 (5.9%) MINAS patients (all females). The most frequent diagnosis was breast cancer (BC) in 20 (86.95%) cases, whereas 16 (69.56%) had triple-negative BC. We found 13 patients with BRCA1 GPVs (56.52%) as the most frequent, followed by MUTYH with five cases (21.73%). The combinations of BRCA1/CHEK2, BRCA1/CDKN2A, and BRCA1/BRCA2 were the most frequent. We found no atypical presentation in the cohort.CONCLUSIONThis is the first Mexican MINAS report and the largest Latin American cohort. We detected a higher prevalence of MINAS than other populations (5.9%). We found a tendency for additive phenotypical effect and, in some MINAS combinations, a modification in the age of diagnosis.

IntroductionThis study evaluated the relationship between total plasma and free kidney concentrations of amphotericin B (AmB) in healthy and C. albicans-infected Wistar rats using microdialysis and has the potential to significantly impact future research in this field and promote the development of antifungal drugs. The findings of this study, which show that plasma levels are a good predictor for AmB kidney concentrations and can be used to optimize its dosing regimen, underscore the importance of this research.MethodsMicrodialysis probe recovery rates were determined by dialysis and retrodialysis in vitro, as well as by retrodialysis in vivo. The intravenous (i.v.) administration of 2.5 × 106 CFU/mL of C. albicans ATCC induced the infection. A 2.5 mg/kg i.v. bolus was used in healthy and C. albicans-infected rats (n = 6/group). Plasma and microdialysate samples were analyzed using HPLC-diode-array detection. AmB tissue penetration was analyzed using the ratio between the total plasma and kidney concentrations and population pharmacokinetics (PopPK) to assess the impact of the infection on the pharmacokinetic parameters. The chosen flow rate was set to 1.5 μL/min, and there was no statistical difference between the relative recovery values when changing AmB concentrations.Results and DiscussionThe in vivo relative recovery was determined to be 10.9% ± 3.7%. The antifungal tissue penetration was 0.77 and 0.71 for the healthy and infected animals, respectively. The structural PK model with two compartments and linear elimination describes the concentration versus time profile of AmB simultaneously in the plasma and tissue. Infection by C. albicans does not interfere with AmB kidney penetration. AmB protein binding is demonstrated to be nonlinear and dependent on the AmB concentration in the plasma of healthy and infected animals.

In this study, gold and silver were recovered through a bioleaching process conducted at room temperature over 11 days. Native bacteria and varying ratios of mineral pulp to culture medium (20/80, 37.5/62.5, and 50/50 %) from a mining operation in Zacatecas, Mexico, were evaluated. The mineral was crushed to a particle size of 0.125 inches or smaller, containing gold and silver concentrations of 0.609 g/ton and 138.89 g/ton, respectively. Four native microorganisms were identified using molecular biology techniques and a 16S rRNA gene fragment: Acidovorax citrulli, Brevundimonas albigilva, Sphingomonas korenensis, and Methylobacterium organophilum. The bioleaching system achieved metal extractions of 84.12 % and 63.93 % for gold and silver, respectively. Different microorganisms were identified at various processing times: Sphingomonas korenensis (days 1, 2, 5, 8, and 11), Methylobacterium organophilum (days 1 and 2), Paenibacillus dongdonensis (days 1 and 2), Brevundimonas albigilva (day 5), Ureibacillus manganicus (day 5), Peribacillus simplex (day 8), Niallia circulans (day 8), Massilia atriviolacea (day 11), and Bacillus licheniformis (day 11). The dominant bacterium throughout the process was Sphingomonas korenensis, which appeared at all stages of the experiment.

Acute compartment syndrome in lower limbs is commonly seen in fractures, crash injuries, vascular impairment, and rarely due to ankle sprain. We report a case of a 16-year-old male who was admitted to the emergency room after a traumatic lateral ankle inversion. Significant swelling and moderate pain were present at admission. Plain radiographs showed no bone abnormality. After 60 minutes, the classic signs and symptoms of acute compartment syndrome began, with no response to painkillers. Doppler ultrasound revealed arteries occlusion distal to the superior portion of the extensors retinaculum of the ankle. Anterior foot and ankle fasciotomy were performed, with an angiography revealing a dorsalis pedis artery rupture; both ends were ligated intraoperatively. Postoperative flow was observed through the local collateral system. Level of Evidence IV; Therapeutic Studies; Case Report

Marco contextual: El uso de Internet puede generar efectos sociales positivos o negativos, por esto, es importante contar con herramientas que permitan identificar conductas adictivas relacionadas con su uso. Objetivo: Validar el cuestionario de experiencias relacionadas con el uso de internet en estudiantes de secundaria. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo transversal con una muestra de 258 estudiantes de 11 a 15 años seleccionados a través de muestreo aleatorio estratificado. Se utilizó una Cédula de Datos Personales y el Cuestionario de Experiencias Relacionadas con Internet (CERI). Para el análisis se utilizó estadística descriptiva, análisis factorial exploratorio por el método de extracción de componentes múltiples principales y el análisis factorial confirmatorio Resultados: El modelo de dos factores con un factor de segundo orden presentaba un ajuste aceptable (X2(34) = 63,718; p < 0,001; CMIN/DF = 1,874; CFI = 0,905; TLI = 0,875; RMSEA = 0,061; AIC = 105,718/110,000/379,240). Los dos factores resultantes fueron denominados conflicto interpersonales y conflictos intrapersonales. Conclusión: El CERI es un instrumento válido de detección oportuna aplicable en cualquier contexto.

Category: Midfoot/Forefoot; Arthroscopy Introduction/Purpose: Newer arthroscopic and minimally invasive (MIS) surgical techniques and instrumentation have made it increasingly easier to perform small-joint diagnostic arthroscopy and procedures that have been generally performed in an open fashion. These newer techniques have now been used for long enough that sufficient patient populations with long-term follow-data data are becoming available for comparison to traditional open cheilectomy. Our study sought to determine whether there is a difference in patient-reported outcomes (PRO) between MIS and open hallux cheilectomy as the number of patients undergoing the MIS version of the procedure increases and more long-term follow-up data becomes available. Our hypothesis was that patient-reported outcomes would be better for MIS cheilectomy at short-term follow-up but would even out over time with longer term follow-up. Methods: A retrospective chart review of all hallux MTP cheilectomies (CPT 28289) between 2015 and 2023 was performed within a single academic healthcare system. Chart review was then undertaken to collect basic demographics and determine if the patients had an open or minimally invasive cheilectomy. PROs were collected in a prospective fashion as part of the institution’s PRO registry starting in 2018. Patients with a completed measure of PROMIS Physical Function (PF), Pain Interference (PI) and/or Foot and Ankle Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (FA SANE) at baseline, 3-, 6-, 12-, and/or 24-month postoperative timepoints were included in analysis. Differences in average PROs at each timepoint, both within and between cheilectomy type, were determined non-parametrically using Wilcoxon Rank Sum Tests. The average improvement of patients with a preoperative and at least one postoperative measure for each group were compared using an unpaired t-test. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In total, 172 patients with completed PROs were included in analysis. Average age was 53.2±11.4 and 111 (65%) of patients were female. The open approach was performed in 118 (69%) patients and 54 (31%) patients had a minimally invasive approach, consisting of hallux MTP arthroscopy followed by bone resection with an MIS burr under fluoroscopic guidance. For all PROs, the open and arthroscopic approaches demonstrated similar averages at each time point, and improvements in both techniques reached statistical significance (figure 1). There was no statistically significant difference in overall improvement by procedure type for PF (p=0.257), PI (p=0.544), or FA SANE (p=0.723). These corresponding improvements for the open approach were 5.18±8.67, -5.99±8.33 and 17.83±30.5 while the arthroscopic approach improvements were 3.33±7.69, -5.03±7.33, and 15.66±28.34 respectively. Conclusion: Arthroscopic and open approaches to hallux MTP cheilectomies have similar postoperative PRO improvements, and both techniques ultimately result in significant improvement. The magnitude of these improvements are not different based on technique at longest follow up. Thus, arthroscopic approaches are non-inferior to the traditional open approach. Further work is needed to determine if additional surgeries performed in parallel with cheilectomies may be affecting the observed PROs. Additionally, current work is being done to assess how functional, clinical, and radiographic outcomes align with PROs following MIS or open cheilectomy.

Esta ponencia busca contrastar el circuito científico tradicional con las propuestas de la ciencia abierta. Se introduce como hipotético caso de estudio a Pablo, un doctorando que recopiló datos, publicó artículos y presentó su tesis doctoral, pero dado que no difundió en abierto ni los datos recopilados ni las publicaciones, detiene el avance de las investigaciones y obliga a duplicar esfuerzos. Se propone el uso de licencias abiertas y de software abierto, el depósito de datos y la incorporación de vías alternativas de publicación, a fin de acelerar el avance de la ciencia y democratizar el conocimiento generado.

Las relaciones de poder siempre han impactado las relaciones de género. La sociedad patriarcal ha intentado, y, de hecho, lo ha logrado, imponer su modelo de fuerza, relegando a la mujer a un segundo lugar en la esfera pública. Latinoamérica no es una excepción. Por eso el arte como tal (poesía y pintura) se han convertido en un territorio de resistencia para las mujeres, que, en este escenario, producen su arte de protesta, resistencia y re existencia frente al otro, al que domina, al que controla.

La cebada en México es un cultivo importante para la industria cervecera y alimentación animal. Se evaluó la calidad física, fisiológica y vigor de un lote de semilla cv. Brennus. La semilla se dividió por tamaño (chica y grande) con un tamiz de 2.5 mm y se sometió a distintos acondicionamientos (envejecimiento y sin envejecimiento). Las variables de estudio fueron pureza de semilla (SP), peso de mil semillas (P1000S), peso volumétrico (PV), contenido de humedad (H), porcentaje de germinación, velocidad de emergencia, largo de la plúmula, materia seca en la plúmula e índice de vigor de plántula. El análisis de varianza se realizó bajo un diseño experimental completamente aleatorio con arreglo factorial y cuatro repeticiones. La comparación de medias se hizo mediante la prueba de Tukey (P < 0.05). El lote presentó 98% SP, 1.8% de material inerte y 0.2% de otras semillas, el P1000S fue 42 g, PV 68 kg hL-1 y H fue 7%. Hubo diferencias estadísticas (P < 0.05) entre tamaño de semilla, acondicionamiento de la semilla e interacción de ambos factores para la mayoría de las variables. Las semillas chicas y grandes sin envejecer presentaron similitud en su germinación, velocidad de emergencia, longitud de la plúmula e índice de vigor de la plántula. El tratamiento de envejecimiento tuvo un efecto negativo sobre estas variables sin importar el tamaño; sin embargo, se aprecia el daño más extenso sobre las semillas grandes. El lote de semilla posee calidad física, fisiológica y vigor deficiente.

Esta investigación se aborda con el propósito de establecer el control de los efectos de mayores derivas en edificaciones aplicando los métodos de lineamientos sísmicos conforme a parámetros de la NTP E0.30, como estrategia de diseño bajo el enfoque del método basado en desplazamientos. La estructura como muestra es una edificación común con un sistema dual de 5 pisos que está ubicado en la ciudad de Arequipa, distrito de Cerro Colorado, para documentar cada cambio estructural en el proyecto se apoya en la utilización del programa informático de análisis estructural ETABS. Utilizando métodos de diseño sísmico basados en fuerzas como fundamento base y consiguientemente ser evaluado utilizando métodos de diseño sísmico basados en desplazamientos, que demostró buenas prácticas de ingeniería de diseño. Éste estudio se centra en la implementación del nuevo enfoque utilizando métodos modernos de diseño sísmico planteadas por Priestley et al., 2007 para evaluar edificios específicos y compararlos con los estándares destacados. Este nivel de trabajo es de naturaleza puramente teórica, la investigación de los métodos de diseño sísmico planteados se lleva a cabo a través de los estándares de diseño sísmico, permisibles en la norma peruana de diseño sismorresistente del RNE, el principal objetivo de este estudio es alcanzar los resultados esperados del comportamiento de las edificaciones bajo las aceleraciones del terreno, se determinaron los posibles daños de la estructura en caso de sismos severos o sismo de diseño así como para los diferentes niveles de sismo, se verificaron los máximos desplazamientos de la estructura, y se identificaron la condiciones contrapuestas de los métodos de delineamientos planteados.

Esta investigación evalúa la variabilidad del resultado estructural contemplando el sistema de interacción suelo-estructura (ISE) aplicado al edificio de 5 pisos con estructura de concreto el cual considera el sistema dual en Arequipa, distrito de Miraflores. La investigación tiene un método no experimental – descriptiva, el edificio fue analizado por medio del modelo dinámico realizado por los científicos D.D. Barkan - O.A. Savinov y su modelamiento con base fija de suelo intermedio (S2), teniendo en cuenta el análisis de sismicidad dinámica modal espectral, en el cual se consideran los lineamientos en base al RNE E.030 y el análisis que compara el modelo dinámico de base fija y el modelo con interacción suelo-estructura.

Over the past decade, hip-preservation strategies have gained momentum, resulting in a notable increase in the use of hip arthroscopy for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in hip-related pathology. In this 3-part series, the authors will aim to comprehensively review the fundamentals of hip arthroscopy in the setting of femoroacetabular impingement. This Technical Note will thoroughly review the senior authors’ approach to managing the central compartment of the hip in the context of femoroacetabular impingement.

Failure of rotator cuff repairs contributes to decreased patient satisfaction and quality of life. Biologic enhancement of repairs represents a novel augmentation strategy attempting to reproduce native healing while concomitantly potentially decreasing the existing high failure rates associated with rotator cuff repairs. Scaffolds placed on top of the rotator cuff have been widely studied, yet no recreation of the native enthesis is achieved via this augmentation strategy. Several strategies involving placement of demineralized bone matrix scaffolds on an inlay configuration (between bone and tendon) have been reported demonstrating enhanced recreation of the native bone-tendon unit. This Technical Note describes the surgical technique of inlay demineralized bone fiber scaffold augmentation of rotator cuff repairs to enhance biological healing in aims of recreating the native enthesis.

Over the past decade, hip-preservation strategies have gained momentum, resulting in a notable increase in the use of hip arthroscopy for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in hip-related pathology. In this 3-part series, the authors will aim to comprehensively review the fundamentals of hip arthroscopy in the setting of femoroacetabular impingement. While considering the advantages and disadvantages of post versus postless hip arthroscopy, this Technical Note will review the preferred patient and portal positioning approach used by the senior authors.

Over the past decade, hip preservation strategies have gained momentum, resulting in a notable increase in the use of hip arthroscopy for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions for hip-related pathology. In this 3-part series, we aim to comprehensively review the fundamentals of hip arthroscopy in the setting of femoroacetabular impingement. This Technical Note will thoroughly review the senior authors’ approach to managing the peripheral compartment of the hip in the context of femoroacetabular impingement.

El personal médico-académico de la H. Universidad de Guadalajara enfrenta desafíos significativos, derivados en parte a las demandas Institucionales, sociales y de sus responsabilidades sustantivas. Es fundamental reconocer que sus actividades, especialmente las relacionadas con la investigación, se encuentran reguladas por un marco normativo que, aunque protege la práctica profesional, genera presión adicional en el personal. La búsqueda de un equilibrio entre sus roles profesionales, académicos y las expectativas Institucionales presenta numerosos retos, no solo en su labor investigativa, sino también en la docencia -particularmente en un hospital escuela- y en otras responsabilidades académicas. Este artículo expone los resultados de doce entrevistas realizadas al personal de médicos académicos, evidenciando los desafíos que enfrentan en el ejercicio de su compleja pero noble labor

Antecedentes: La reacción adversa a medicamentos es estímulo imprevisto, derivado de la farmacocinética del tratamiento (tipo A) o por respuesta inmunológica (tipo B), que resulta en manifestaciones indeseables para el paciente luego de la administración de algún fármaco. Las reacciones tipo B están menos definidas y se consideran una reacción de hipersensibilidad al medicamento, categorizadas como inmediatas (se manifiestan entre 1-6 horas después de la exposición) y tardías o no inmediatas (posteriores a 6 horas de la exposición). Objetivo: Revisión de la bibliografía que describe los mecanismos inmunológicos de las reacciones de hipersensibilidad tardía. Métodos: La búsqueda de la información se llevó a cabo en las principales bases de datos, en relación con las reacciones de hipersensibilidad tardía a medicamentos. la búsqueda se limitó a artículos publicados entre 2013 y 2023, en idioma inglés y español. Resultados: Se describen las reacciones de hipersensibilidad tardías a medicamentos, clasificación, manifestaciones clínicas, diagnóstico, algoritmos de tratamiento y pronóstico. Conclusión: Las reacciones adversas a medicamentos representan un desafío para el médico especialista, con una fisiopatología compleja. Se requiere establecer el diagnóstico oportuno y tratamiento enfocado en el fenotipo del fármaco y su expresión inmunológica, para de esta forma brindar el abordaje multidisciplinario correspondiente. Palabras clave: Alergia a medicamentos; Hipersensibilidad a medicamentos; Reacción adversa a medicamentos; Reacción tardía a medicamentos.

La identificación de cepas de Enterococcus resistentes a antimicrobianos en aves silvestres en entornos urbanos abiertos como plazas y/o parques, es crucial para la Salud Pública ya que son consideradas reservorios importantes de patógenos que pueden afectar la salud de adultos y niños, mediante el contacto con deyecciones. Enterococcus spp. no es un patógeno zoonótico común, sin embargo, la presencia de cepas portadoras de genes resistentes aislados de materia fecal de estas aves aumenta el riesgo de transmisión a humanos y otras especies, especialmente a personas débiles inmnológicamente. Por ende, el monitoreo de Enterococcus spp. en aves silvestres en zonas urbanas puede servir como indicador temprano de aparición de resistencia antimicrobiana en un área, proporcionando información valiosa para implementar estrategias de control y políticas sanitarias antes de que el problema se agrave. El siguiente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la presencia o ausencia de Enterococcus spp. en heces de aves silvestres, obtenidas en entornos urbanos y caracterizar las cepas para evaluar el perfil de resistencia a los antibióticos de importancia para la Salud Pública. Se identificaron cepas de Enterococcus spp. con perfiles de resistencia a los múltiples antibióticos, la mayoría resultan de importancia moderada para la Salud Pública. En conclusión, realizar estudios de monitoreo de Enterococcus spp. aislados de aves silvestres que habitan espacios urbanos aporta información valiosa a los organismos de salud.

A taxonomic revision of Stygnus Perty, 1833, in Colombia was conducted. The new species Stygnus apaporis sp. nov. is described from Lago Taraira, departments of Guaviare and Vaupés in the Colombian Amazonian region. The genus is recorded for the first time in eight Colombian departments: Amazonas, Caquetá, Casanare, Cundinamarca, Guaviare, Meta, Risaralda and Vaupés. New geographic records for S. gerstchi (Roewer, 1963) and comments about its type locality are offered. Two species are recorded for the first time in Colombia: Stygnus nogueirai Pinto-da-Rocha & Tourinho, 2012 (departments of Guaviare and Vaupés) and S. simonis Sørensen, 1932 (department of Amazonas). Some new geographic records of the genus in the Amazon region are presented, and it is recorded for the first time in Ceará state (Brazil) and Madre de Dios department (Peru), with the presence of two unidentified species. Updated distributional maps of the genus in Colombia and South America are offered. Finally, in taxonomic studies of Gonyleptoidea, six longitudinal rows of tubercles have been described on the legs. Here, these rows are identified for a species of the genus Stygnus and an additional row is detected and named.

Este artículo analiza el impacto de la presencia del crimen organizado en las remesas en México durante la pandemia de covid-19. La hipótesis plantea que el crimen organizado ha capitalizado el incremento en los flujos de remesas como una estrategia para introducir dinero ilícito tras el cierre de fronteras. Se analizó el comportamiento de las remesas en 74 municipios de 23 áreas metropolitanas y se compararon los periodos previo y posterior a la pandemia. Los resultados muestran un aumento de 23% en las remesas en regiones con alta presencia del crimen organizado, frente a 8.47% en otras zonas urbanas.

Over the past century, colorectal cancer (CRC) has become one of the most devastating cancers impacting the human population. To gain a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving this solid tumor, researchers have increasingly turned their attention to the tumor microenvironment (TME). Spatial transcriptomics and proteomics have emerged as a particularly powerful technology for deciphering the complexity of CRC tumors, given that the TME and its spatial organization are critical determinants of disease progression and treatment response. Spatial transcriptomics enables high-resolution mapping of the whole transcriptome. While spatial proteomics maps protein expression and function across tissue sections. Together, they provide a detailed view of the molecular landscape and cellular interactions within the TME. In this review, we delve into recent advances in spatial biology technologies applied to CRC research, highlighting both the methodologies and the challenges associated with their use, such as the substantial tissue heterogeneity characteristic of CRC. We also discuss the limitations of current approaches and the need for novel computational tools to manage and interpret these complex datasets. To conclude, we emphasize the importance of further developing and integrating spatial transcriptomics into CRC precision medicine strategies to enhance therapeutic targeting and improve patient outcomes.

In Ecuador, more than 50% of the milk produced was informally marketed, consequently, the mean of this study was to assess the quality of this milk specifically within the province of Pichincha, the largest milk producer. A total of 650 samples were gathered from the eight cantons within the province. The parameters that exhibited the highest levels of non-compliance, of Ecuadorian legislation, were titratable acidity, accounting for 72.77% of the samples, and protein stability, accounting for 49.34%; these findings indicate a significant presence of bacterial contamination. Concerning antibiotic detection, a frightening 28.46% of the samples tested positive for residues exceeding the maximum limits established by the Codex Alimentarius. The findings indicate that a significant proportion of milk sold through informal channels in Pichincha province-Ecuador poses a substantial risk to public health.