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Abstract Aeolid nudibranchs are well-known for their ability to incorporate cnidarian nematocysts and use them for defense; this process is tightly linked with the feeding preferences of molluscs. As many nudibranch groups show signs of ecology-based adaptive radiation, studies of prey-based defensive mechanisms can provide valuable insight into details of nudibranch evolutionary history. The main goal of this study is to test the correlation of ecological traits, feeding mechanisms, and prey preferences with cnidosac fine morphology and to pinpoint the phylogenetic value of these traits. We study the cnidosac morphology in thirteen species—representatives of the main lineages within the family Fionidae s.l. The morphological analysis includes histological sections, transmission electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. For phylogenetic study, available molecular data from public repositories were used, and phylogenetic trees were produced based on Bayesian Inference and Maximum likelihood analysis for a concatenated dataset of three molecular markers (COI, 16S, H3). In general, fionid cnidosacs fit the common aeolid pattern, but among different species we detected a high variation in type of obtained nematocysts, their arrangement within cnidophages, and in number of cell types within cnidosacs. We report on presence of cellules speciale in the haemocoel of all studied species, and for the first time, we report on cells with chitinous spindles in the haemocoel of all fionids except Eubranchus. The function of both these cell types remains unknown. The loss of functional cnidosacs occurred at least three times within Fionidae, and in case of the genera Phestilla, Calma, and Fiona, this loss is linked to their non-cnidarian diet. The diversity of cnidosac fine structure within Fionidae s.l. correlates with that of the radular morphology and feeding preferences of each species. Prey shifts between cnidarian and non-cnidarian prey (both through evolutionary shifts and individual variation) rarely occur within Fionidae s.l.; however, microevolutionary shifts between different hydrozoan species within a single genus are more common. Cnidosac morphology demonstrates considerable resulting changes even when switching between similar hydrozoan species, or changing the feeding site on same prey species. These data indicate that cnidosac morphology likely follows microevolutionary prey shifts—in other words, it is affected by switches in prey species and changes in feeding sites with a single prey species. Thus, the cnidosac morphology may be a useful indicator when studying ecological features of particular species.

Cold atmospheric plasma has become a widespread tool in bacterial decontamination, harnessing reactive oxygen and nitrogen species to neutralize bacteria on surfaces and in the air. This technology is often employed in healthcare, food processing, water treatment, etc. One of the most energy-efficient and universal methods for creating cold atmospheric plasma is the initiation of a piezoelectric direct discharge. The article presents a study of the bactericidal effect of piezoelectric direct discharge plasma generated using the multifunctional source “CAPKO”. This device allows for the modification of the method of plasma generation “on the fly” by replacing a unit (cap) on the working device. The results of the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in a buffer solution in the modes of direct discharge in air and a plasma jet with an argon flow are presented. The bactericidal effect of these types of plasma against the bacteria E. coli BL21 (DE3) was studied. The issues of scaling the treatment technique are considered.

The article discusses the modern methodology for performing the synthesis of a suboptimal train controller for the purpose of energy saving. The existing methods of optimal traction control have a number of disadvantages, the main one of which is the lack of direct use in the control program of the data obtained during train operation. Mathematical models used to solve the op- timal problem can be used correctly only in the case of sufficient adequacy. Adequacy check is not part of the known methods of optimal control theory. To eliminate this drawback, it is proposed to use the method of optimal (suboptimal) traction calculations based on artificial neural networks. It improves the accuracy of traction calculations, which is especially important in the aspect of considering energy savings, while reducing the need for computing power. When using this method, it is possible not only to achieve results close to the classical Bellman method, but also to train or verify the network using the recorded data. The article discusses the process of creating and training an artificial neural network based on model data to solve the problem of suboptimal control. The train motion modes obtained by Bellman's method were used as reference data for training the neural network. The presented comparative results of the two methods show the applicability of artificial neural networks for solving applied problems of train traction with the possibility of continuous learning, including the use of trip data, which can be directly included in the training or testing set.

In the Russian Arctic seas and adjacent areas of the Arctic basin, 120 sites of siboglinid records are currently known. Individuals belonging to 15 species have been collected. The largest number (49.2%) of records were made in the Barents Sea, followed by the Laptev Sea (37.5%) and the Arctic basin (10 records; 8.3%). No siboglinids have been reported from the Chukchi Sea. The largest number of species has been identified in both the Laptev Sea and Arctic basin (seven species each). Seventy-eight percent of the records were discovered at water depths down to 400 m. Many of the siboglinid records in the Arctic seas of Russia are associated with areas of high hydrocarbon concentrations. In the Barents Sea, Nereilinum murmanicum has been collected near the largest gas fields. The records of Oligobrachia haakonmosbiensis, N. murmanicum, Siboglinum ekmani, Siboglinum hyperboreum, Siboglinum norvegicum, as well as two undetermined species of siboglinids are associated with the marginal areas of bottom gas hydrates where methane emissions can occur. The Arctic seas of Russia feature vast areas of permafrost rocks containing gas hydrates flooded by the sea. Under the influence of river runoff, gas hydrates dissociate, and methane emissions occur. Crispabrachia yenisey and Galathealinum karaense were found in the Yenisei estuary, and O. haakonmosbiensis was found in the Lena estuary.

Aim. Russian multicenter register of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) was transformed into Register of patients with FH and very high cardiovascular risk with insufficient effect of hypolipidemic therapy (RENESSANS Registry) in 2017 The aim of RENESSANS was maximal inclusion of patients not only with FH, but also those with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (CVD), who did not achieve targeted level of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) using hypolipidemic drug therapy.Material and methods. The RENESSANS Registry is an open, national, observing study that includes patients with definite and probable (according to Dutch lipid clinic network and Simon Broome Registry criteria) heterozygous and homozygous FH, as well as patients of very high cardiovascular risk. There were designed two register forms: for patients with FH and for very high cardiovascular risk patients. Doctors filled out forms in paper and electronic variants. They took into consideration the risk factors of atherosclerosis and anamnesis of CVD, adherence to diet and hypolipidemic therapy. Concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured in blood serum in all centers. LDL-C level was defined according to Friedewald formula: LDL-C=TC-HDL-C-TG/2,2 (mmol/l).Results. The Registry consisted of 1208 FH patients and 497 patients with very high risk (average age 54±13 and 61±8, respectively, 37% men). Baseline levels of lipids were 9,4±2,3 and 6,9±1,5 mmol/l for TC, 6,6±2,1 and 4,5±1,3 mmol/l for LDL-C, respectively. The frequency of hypolipidemic therapy in both groups is 70%, while targeted level of LDL-C was achieved extremely rarely.Conclusion. The results show insufficient adherence and low effectiveness of standard hypolipidemic therapy both in patients with FH and very high cardiovascular risk. PCSK9 inhibitors are recommended for resistant hypercholesterolemia treatment. The RENESSANS Registry allows to improve FH diagnostics, to assess treatment effectiveness and choose patients who need treatment with PCSK9 inhibitors.

Abstract Background Entoprocta affinities within Lophotrochozoa remain unclear. In different studies, entoprocts are considered to be related to different groups, including Cycliophora, Bryozoa, Annelida, and Mollusca. The use of modern methods to study the neuroanatomy of Entoprocta should provide new information that may be useful for phylogenetic analysis. Results The anatomy of the nervous system in the colonial Barentsia discreta was studied using immunocytochemistry and transmission electron microscopy. The ganglion gives rise to several main nerves: paired lateral, aboral, and arcuate nerves, and three pairs of tentacular cords that branch out into tentacular nerves. The serotonergic nervous system includes paired esophageal perikarya and two large peripheral perikarya, each with a complex net of neurites. Each tentacle is innervated by one abfrontal and two laterofrontal neurite bundles. Sensory cells occur regularly along the abfrontal side of each tentacle. Star-like nerve cells are scattered in the epidermis of the calyx. The stalk is innervated by paired stalk nerves. Conclusions The neuroanatomy of the colonial Barentsia discreta is generally similar to that of solitary entoprocts but differs in the anatomy and ultrastructure of the ganglion, the number of neurite bundles in the calyx, and the distribution of serotonin in the nerve elements. A comparison of the organization of the nervous system in the Entoprocta and Bryozoa reveals many differences in tentacle innervations, which may indicate that these groups may not be closely related. Our results can not support with any certainty the homology of nervous system elements in adult entoprocts and adult “basal mollusks”.

Photooxidized psoralen solutions possess a variety of biological effects, which implementation mechanism may presumably involve hydroperoxides. Here, the hydroperoxide content in photooxidized psoralen solutions was assessed using photometric FOX assay (from Ferrous Oxidation + Xylenol Orange). FOX reagent with 10× content of Xylenol Orange, modified for quantitative analysis of up to 50 μM of hydroperoxides in aqueous phase was used in experiments. During photooxidation of 0.1 mM psoralen in phosphate buffer solution, hydroperoxide production increases with dose of UVA irradiation (~2.5 μM eq. of H2O2 for dose of 252 kJ/m2 and ~11 μM eq. of H2O2 for dose of 1512 kJ/m2) and reaches ~16.5 μM eq. of H2O2 at the highest dose investigated (3024 kJ/m2). A comparison of kinetics of psoralen photolysis and hydroperoxide generation allows us to suggest that generation of hydroperoxide results from the secondary photochemical processes involving psoralen photoproducts, presumably from photoinduced autooxidation of aldehydic photoproducts of psoralen.

More efficient and preferably more convenient and greener synthetic solutions in coumarin scaffold functionalization are in steady demand. The Duff ortho-formylation of unsubstituted umbelliferone was revised in this study. The reaction conditions were optimized based upon data from the literature analysis and resulted in unexpectedly rapid ortho-formylation of umbelliferone, yielding a mixture of ortho-formyl position isomers. Thorough studies on the separation of ortho-formylated umbelliferones using chromatographic and recrystallization methods as well as the evaluation of their solubility in common organic solvents led to complete resolution of 8-formyl- and 6-formylumbelliferones. The precise protocol for simultaneous preparation, extraction, and purification of 8-formyl- and 6-formylumbelliferones is provided, and the prospective studies of biological and pharmacological activities of these compounds are synopsized.

Photo-controlled or photo-regulated molecules, especially biologically active and operating in physiological conditions, are in steady demand. Herein, furocoumaric and furocoumarinic acids being (Z/E)-isomers relative to each other were obtained in two stages starting from psoralen: the alkaline solvolysis of psoralen led to furocoumaric acid, which was further Z → E photoisomerized (365 nm) to furocoumarinic acid. The kinetics of Z → E photoisomerization was monitored by HPLC and UV-vis spectrophotometry. Photophysical characteristics in the aqueous phase for both acids, as well as the reversibility of (Z/E) photoisomerization process, were also assessed. Furocoumarinic acid was found to be visibly fluorescent at pH 2.0–12.0, with the maxima of fluorescence emission spectra being pH-dependent. The reverse E → Z photoisomerization predicted by quantum chemistry calculations as energetically favorable for the monoanionic form of furocoumarinic acid was proved in the experiment while being complicated by pyrone ring closure back to psoralen in acidic and neutral conditions. The preparative synthesis of furocoumarinic acid outlined in this work is particularly valuable in view of a wide range of pharmacological effects previously predicted for this compound.

The article presents the experience in development of the professional%public accreditation concept (PPA) of the higher education programs in the social and humanitarian sphere. The principles underlying the basis of this development are revealed.The paper dwells on the most important characteristics of process of education which have to be considered at an assessment of educational programs. Traditional and latest means of representation which are applied in modern educational process are considered.The concept and the main documents are developed taking into account the internationalexperience of accreditation. We discuss why the main qualities of the developed technology of accreditation will make it an important element of system of development of Russian education and increase its competitiveness in the international division of labor.

This article examines sociological and economic approaches to the study of career. Connection between career and social mobility is explored. According to the economic approach, job promotion of an employee is analyzed in the context of the processes of production, distribution and consumption of limited resources. Stages of professional career are analyzed in the article The summarized results of sociological studies show that the term «career» is associated in the minds of Russians with social mobility and job promotion. One aspect of the study of career, namely graduates' employment, is analyzed. Various types and typical models of career development are examined. Special attention is given to the analysis of the careers of the graduates of sociological faculties of Russian universities. In the study it has been identified three types of career of a sociology graduate: a teacher (usually at university), a scientist and researcher, and a practicing sociologist. Using the developed theory the authors give their own definition of a career as a process of successive changes in official or professional (intra- and interinstitutional) status of an individual based on the development of professional competencies, taking into account his personal interests and needs of organization.

The article presents the simulation model, which, unlike available ones, considers possibility of reconfiguration of metrological complexes, as well as information uncertainty on the receipt of measurement funds for metrological service.

It is experimentally shown that a removal of particles exceeding 100 microns in size from iron powders typically used in the fabrication of medium density powder metallurgy steels has a weak effect on apparent density, flowability and compressibility of blends as well as on density and strength of green bodies. An elimination of such particles, i.e., cutting off a heavy tail of a size distribution histogram at the 100 μm threshold, improves a compositional uniformity of sintered materials, but has no noticeable beneficial effect upon the strength of a final product, which is likely be determined by a fraction of pores and their shapes. A presence of soft pearlitic inclusions hardly matters unless their number density becomes so large that a 3D continuity (integrity) of a hard martensitic matrix is lost. This finding suggests that such an expensive preparatory step as sieving away large particles from as-received mixtures would bear no technological advantages. It was experimentally found that an attempt to lower the threshold below 100 μm noticeably worsened apparent density, flowability and compressibility.

Background. The method of ecological niche modeling (ENM) was applied to reconstruct the nesting conditions of one of the most widely-known pest species, Locusta migratoria asiatica, with a focus of nesting in Balkhash-Alakol basin. The ENM uses a set of input environmental variables to analyze and select the key factors from the entire input set. The key factors are the climatic variables which define the wellbeing of an organism; and the range of these variables may be calculated with statistical and GIS approaches. Materials and methods. The method of ENM used in current paper is referred to as “presence-only” since it utilizes the known localities of the animal (in our study, egg-clutches) to develop a model. The model outlines the area where the successful development of locust egg-boxes is most probable, rather than the actual nesting area. Further analysis of the identified key variables allows definition of the most vulnerable stages of the locust life-cycle. Results. The most important factors, influencing the development of the locust over its life-cycle, are: the ambient air temperature; the temperature of the soil during the cold season of the year; and soil moisture. The locust is an ectotherm organism, which has a restricted ability to regulate its body temperature; and the ambient temperature thus serves as a major factor affecting the animal’s behavior. Wintering egg-boxes are immobile and face even more environmental challenges than nymphs or adults do. The soil temperature may not depend upon a single variable, like the air temperature, but is a function of the complex relationship between the thermal properties of the air and soil. The process of the energy flux between soil and atmosphere incudes many factors, particularly related to soil-moisture content and the physical properties of the soil. The analysis of key variables should not be performed without an understanding of the complex relationships between the abiotic components of the environment. Conclusions. Comparative analysis of published data on locust adult and embryo physiology and key-variables, revealed by the model, confirmed the usefulness of the ENM approach for the study of the ecological peculiarities of a living species. Further development of this model with additional variables, gathered with remote sensing, should result in a probabilistic forecasting model aimed to withstand the locust outbreaks.

Tracing the evolution of the siboglinid group, peculiar group of marine gutless annelids, requires the detailed study of the fragmentarily explored central nervous system of vestimentiferans and other siboglinids. 3D reconstructions of the neuroanatomy of Riftia revealed that the "brain" of adult vestimentiferans is a fusion product of the supraesophageal and subesophageal ganglia. The supraesophageal ganglion-like area contains the following neural structures that are homologous to the annelid elements: the peripheral perikarya of the brain lobes, two main transverse commissures, mushroom-like structures, commissural cell cluster, and the circumesophageal connectives with two roots which give rise to the palp neurites. Three pairs of giant perikarya are located in the supraesophageal ganglion, giving rise to the paired giant axons. The circumesophageal connectives run to the VNC. The subesophageal ganglion-like area contains a tripartite ventral aggregation of perikarya (= the postoral ganglion of the VNC) interconnected by the subenteral commissure. The paired VNC is intraepidermal, not ganglionated over most of its length, associated with the ciliary field, and comprises the giant axons. The pairs of VNC and the giant axons fuse posteriorly. Within siboglinids, the vestimentiferans are distinguished by a large and considerably differentiated brain. This reflects the derived development of the tentacle crown. The tentacles of vestimentiferans are homologous to the annelid palps based on their innervation from the dorsal and ventral roots of the circumesophageal connectives. Neuroanatomy of the vestimentiferan brains is close to the brains of Cirratuliiformia and Spionida/Sabellida, which have several transverse commissures, specific position of the giant somata (if any), and palp nerve roots (if any). The palps and palp neurite roots originally developed in all main annelid clades (basally branching, errantian and sedentarian annelids), show the greatest diversity in their number in sedentarian species. Over the course of evolution of Sedentaria, the number of palps and their nerve roots either dramatically increased (as in vestimentiferan siboglinids) or were lost.

Aim. To study the effect of treatment with metabolic corrector mildronate on lipid profile, inflammatory factors and endothelium function in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD).Material and methods. 60 patients with IHD (stable exertional angina, II-IV functional class) were included in to the study. They were split in two groups. Patients of the main group (n=30) were treated with mildronate (1000 mg per day during 3 months) combined with standard therapy. Patients of the second group (n=30) received the standard therapy only. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), cholesterol of low density lipoproteid (LDL-C), cholesterol of high density lipoproteid (HDL-C), aspartate aminotransaminase (AST), alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), creatine kinase (CK), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), lipoprotein (α) (Lp(α)), NO3 were determined. Besides endothelium dependent vasodilatation of brachial artery was studied.Results. TC, HDL-C and TG levels did not differ before and after treatment with mildronate, but LDL-C level significantly reduced (from 3.06±1.32 to 2.7±1.0 mmol/l, p0.05). The significant change of Lp(α) was not found in both groups. Increase in endothelium dependent vasodilatation was noted after mildronate treatment. Besides increase in NO3 level in blood was detected (from 33.5±10.0 to 44.1±32.3 µmol/l, рConclusion. Data of the study demonstrated that metabolic correctors exert positive influence on lipid profile and inflammatory factors in patients with IHD.

Aim. To study the effect of treatment with metabolic corrector mildronate on lipid profile, inflammatory factors and endothelium function in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD).Material and methods. 60 patients with IHD (stable exertional angina, II-IV functional class) were included in to the study. They were split in two groups. Patients of the main group (n=30) were treated with mildronate (1000 mg per day during 3 months) combined with standard therapy. Patients of the second group (n=30) received the standard therapy only. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), cholesterol of low density lipoproteid (LDL-C), cholesterol of high density lipoproteid (HDL-C), aspartate aminotransaminase (AST), alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), creatine kinase (CK), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), lipoprotein (α) (Lp(α)), NO3 were determined. Besides endothelium dependent vasodilatation of brachial artery was studied.Results. TC, HDL-C and TG levels did not differ before and after treatment with mildronate, but LDL-C level significantly reduced (from 3.06±1.32 to 2.7±1.0 mmol/l, p0.05). The significant change of Lp(α) was not found in both groups. Increase in endothelium dependent vasodilatation was noted after mildronate treatment. Besides increase in NO3 level in blood was detected (from 33.5±10.0 to 44.1±32.3 µmol/l, р

A clinical observation of focal accumulation of 99mTcpyrophosphate in aortic aneurysm, simulating skeletal pathology of the lumbar vertebra in planar scintigraphy mode, is presented. Additional single-photon emission computed tomography combined with computed tomography-something view allowed to confirm that the radiotracer uptake focus was localized in the distal part of the aneurysm, in the zone of lumen subocclusion by a calcified thrombus. It is suggested that the local tracer accumulation is not only due to calcification but also due to inflammatory, a factor that plays a role in the genesis of an aortic aneurysm

We investigate the variability of magnetic fluctuation spectra below 1 Hz in the Earth's plasma sheet using specially selected long observation intervals by Geotail spacecraft. The spectra can be generally described by a negative power law with two kinks. The range between kinks ~0.02–0.2 Hz has the most stable power law index ~2.4–2.6. Indices at the lower and the higher frequencies are more variable and generally increase with power of fluctuations. In the sub-second range fluctuations are strongly localized and indices are closer to 3. At the lower-frequency end indices are about 1.5. The lower kink is usually well defined on average spectra and its frequency tends to increase with activity. Combination of spectrum index α and fractal dimension δ is expected to follow the Berry relation α+2δ=5, but actually is ~5.5.

Aim. To assess the effects of enhanced external counter-pulsation (EECP) on left ventricular (LV) myocardial perfusion.Material and methods. In total, 26 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), stable angina, Functional Class (FC) I-IV, were treated with EECP. Treatment course included 35 one-hour procedures. At baseline and after EECP treatment, all patients underwent 99m-Tc-MIBI scintigraphy (single photon emission computed tomography, SPECT) at rest and during stress test.Results. After EECP treatment, perfusion defect severity assessed by SPECT at rest had significantly reduced (p0,05); pre- and post-EECP perfusion defect severity - 347,3±282,8 and 310±266,0 std, respectively (p

The principles of stoichiography and novel reference-free methods of molecular and phase analysis for complex unknown mixtures are considered. The stoichiography can be inferred from stoichiometry of mass transfer of unsteady homo- and heterophase processes and joins both operations: separation of mixture by means of chromatography, electromigration, dissolution or others and determination of stoichiometry of a substance flow with time. The stoichiography allows a chemical compound to be determined by its primary property, namely, by stoichiometry of elemental composition. Stoichiograms provided a basis for such type of information. They are time variances of molar ratio for mass transfer rates of chemical elements from multielement substances. Invariancy to concentration and temperature of solvents, hydrodynamic regime is a fundamental property of the stoichiograms in the case of individual compounds. Therefore the stoichiograms are kept constant and are equal to formula stoichiometric coefficients of the individual compound. Theory and methodology of new stoichographic methods, differential dissolution and ion-chromato-stoichiography are presented. New equipment, stoichiograph, and a new procedure of differential dissolution, stoichiographic titration, are discussed here in details. Applications of differential dissolution to analyze multielement and polyphase crystalline and amorphous samples are given. ***The author devotes this paper to memory of his teacher, Professor O. A. Songina, an outstanding scientist, who began to develop fundamental ideas concerning chemical and electrochemical methods of the phase analysis. The essence of this paper was reported on International Conference of Analytical Chemistry, which was organized on the occasion of the 100th Birthday of Professor O. A. Songina on May 22-25th, 2001, in Almaty, Kazakhstan.

The PAMELA experiment was launched on board the Resurs-DK1 satellite on June 15th 2006. The apparatus was designed to conduct precision studies of charged cosmic radiation over a wide energy range, from tens of MeV up to several hundred GeV, with unprecedented statistics. In five years of continuous data taking in space, PAMELA accurately measured the energy spectra of cosmic ray antiprotons and positrons, as well as protons, electrons and light nuclei, sometimes providing data in unexplored energetic regions. These important results have shed new light in several astrophysical fields like: an indirect search for Dark Matter, a search for cosmological antimatter (anti-Helium), and the validation of acceleration, transport and secondary production models of cosmic rays in the Galaxy. Some of the most important items of Solar and Magnetospheric physics were also investigated. Here we present the most recent results obtained by the PAMELA experiment.

Objective: to substantiate an algorithm for early respiratory-kinesiological rehabilitation used in the multimodality treatment of cardiosurgical patients developing multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Subjects and methods. A randomized study was performed in 90 cardiosurgical patients with postoperatively evolving MOD, who were mechanically ventilated. In addition to conventional intensive therapy, these patients received an original complex of early respiratory-kinesiological rehabilitation. Results and Conclusion. The study has demonstrated the impact of respiratory and kinesiological rehabilitation on the course of a postoperative period: normalization of autonomic status-evaluating tests (from Д13±1.7 to Д7.5±4.9), endurance coefficient (21.8±9.9 to 16.5±7.2) in the study group versus 20.5±10.2 to 18.3±6.5 in the control group), adaptation potential (from the poor values 3.3±2.7 to the tension ones 2.9±2.2 scores since day 2; this trend was observed in the control group since postoperative day 5); improvement of gas transport parameters during exercises and within at least 6 hours after this, without changing artificial ventilation (AV) modes (improvement of the values of DO2I (by 12.3±4.5% of the baseline value), VO2I (by 8.8±5.3% of the baseline value), O2ER (by 16.5±8.5% of the baseline value); accelerated switching to assisted ventilation modes (78.6±18.3 hours (the start of assisted AV modes) in the study group versus 92.1±22.7 hours in the control one); a shorter length of stay in an intensive care unit (9.55±4.3 versus 14.2±5.5 days). The positive result from a primary pharmacoeconomic analysis for surviving patients is shown. Key words: rehabilitation, multiple organ dysfunction, cardiac surgery.