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Background: In patients undergoing lower limb orthopaedic surgery, unrelieved post-operative pain not only results in discomfort to the patients but also predispose to the development of chronic pain syndromes. The dawn of ultrasonographic-guided techniques has led to increased interest in femoro-sciatic nerve block (FSNB) for lower limb orthopaedic surgeries. Efficacy of various adjuvants have been studied to prolong the block and analgesia. In recent years, there is growing interest in magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) and dexamethasone as adjuvants to local anaesthetics in nerve blocks. Duration of post-operative analgesia was the primary outcome of our study, whereas the rescue analgesics requirement, VAS scores and haemodynamic parameters and time required for toe movement were the secondary outcomes. Methods: Sixty-patients scheduled to undergo below knee orthopaedic surgeries under subarachnoid block were divided into 2 groups: Group RM(n=30) patients received 38 mL of 0.375% Ropivacaine with MgSO4 150 mg in 2 mL NS and Group RD(n=30) patients received 38 mL of 0.375% Ropivacaine with Dexamethasone 8 mg(2mL) to make total drug volume of 40 mL. In all patients, 20 mL of LA solution was injected around femoral nerve and 20 mL around sciatic nerve. The primary outcome was duration of post-op analgesia and secondary being requirement of rescue analgesia and time for toe movement. Mean variables were analysed and compared with unpaired t-test. Proportions were compared with Chi-square test and Fischer-exact test. Results: Duration of analgesia was prolonged with Dexamethasone (18.8 ± 7.8) as compared to MgSO4 (8.8 ± 4.2). In regards to early ambulation, MgSO4(6.78 ± 2.25) was a cut above Dexamethasone (16.43 ± 4.56). Conclusion: Both MgSO4 or Dexamethasone added to Ropivacaine prolonged the duration of analgesia, decreased requirement of rescue analgesia. Dexamethasone delays requirement of rescue analgesics with better pain scores as compared to MgSO4.

IntroductionAdd-on magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) for refractory asthma exacerbation has been much debated. The aim of this review and meta-analysis is, therefore, to provide an update on the current evidence for the efficacy of MgSO4 in exacerbations of asthma in adults refractory to standard of care treatment.MethodsA systematic review was performed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The search was performed in the PubMed database (updated April 2023). For the meta-analysis, a random-effects model was applied using the metaphor package for RStudio (RStudio, Inc.).ResultsA total of 17 randomized controlled trials were included. Three of the nine studies addressing treatment with intravenous (IV) MgSO4 found a significant effect on lung function compared to placebo. Of the eight studies investigating hospital admission rate, only two found a significant effect of MgSO4. Six of the nine studies investigating treatment with nebulized MgSO4 compared to placebo found a favorable effect on forced expiratory volume in 1. second (FEV1) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEF). Only two of the five studies investigating the effect on hospital admission rate found an effect of MgSO4. Comparing effect sizes in a meta-analysis revealed a greater effect on PEF in asthma patients treated with nebulized MgSO4 (MD, 23.57; 95% CI, −2.48 to 49.62, p

Abstract Background Magnesium (Mg) is a non-competitive N-methyl d-aspartate receptor antagonist with antinociceptive effects. Multimodal therapy is the optimal strategy for perioperative pain control to minimize the need for opioids. Inflammation caused by tissue trauma or direct nerve injury is responsible for the perioperative pain. The concept of “pre-emptive” analgesia, analgesic strategies administered prior to the stimulus, can modify the peripheral and central nervous system processing of noxious stimuli, thereby reducing central sensitization, hyperalgesia, and allodynia remains controversial. A more encompassing approach to the reduction of postoperative pain is the concept of “preventive” analgesia. The purpose of the study is to detect the proper use of MgSO4 as an analgesic being a non-competitive N-methyl d-aspartate (NMDA). Results There is no statistically significant difference in the haemodynamic parameters, intraoperative (33% vs 20%) and postoperative requirement for analgesics 6.6% vs 10% among groups I and II, respectively. There is no significant difference in the numerical analogue scale, where 16 vs 17 patients with no pain, 12 vs 10 with mild pain, and 2 vs 3 with moderate pain in groups I and II, respectively. Conclusion The use of MgSO4 in a bolus with or without infusion is comparable in the control of intraoperative and postoperative pain.

Kaolinite is one of the principal rare earth element (REE) ion-adsorption clays that hosts a wide range of elements, including Dy(III) as a representative example. Ammonium sulfate is a typical salt used to leach REEs. Due to the carbon dioxide emissions which occur during ammonia production, it is urgently necessary to develop low environmental pollution leaching agents that can replace (NH4)2SO4. MgSO4 is regarded as the most promising eco-friendly leaching agent. Herein, the first-principles plane-wave pseudopotential method based on the density functional theory (DFT) was used to investigate the stable adsorption structures of Dy(III) and its hydrated ions, MgSO4 leaching agent ions and the corresponding hydrated ions on the surface of kaolinite, which revealed the adsorption mechanism of Dy(III), Mg(II), and SO42− on the silico–oxygen plane and the aluminum–hydroxyl plane of kaolinite. Based on the research results of the steric hindrance effect of Dy(III) on the silico–oxygen plane and the aluminum–hydroxyl plane of kaolinite, the adsorption of Dy(H2O)103+ was more stable on the silico–oxygen plane. It was easier to leach out Dy(III) with MgSO4, while SO42− tended to interact with the rare earth ions in an aqueous solution. The results provide theoretical guidance for efficient rare earth extraction and obtaining novel efficient leaching agents.

Background: Eclamptic convulsions are life-threatening emergencies and require proper treatment to decrease maternal morbidity and mortality. Amongst the principles of management of eclampsia, the first and foremost is the control of convulsions. In the last decade researchers in developing countries (like India) are constantly striving to steadily decrease the doses of MgSo4 regimes in view of decrease the toxicity of MgSo4 therapy. Methodology: Present study was a prospective interventional study and hdsanalysed all antenatal, intranatal and postnatal cases diagnosed as eclampsia and admitted to Obstetric ward, HDU, ICU (medical and surgical), IMC of Shree Krishna Hospital and Pramukhswami Medical college, Karamsad. All patients of Eclampsia admitted in the hospital during the study period were included in the study. Patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria, MgSo4 4gm was administered slowly intravenously over 10-15 minutes as loading dose and maintenance dose 0.5g/hr continue up to 24 hrs of delivery or 24hrs after convulsions whichever was later. Those patient were developed recurrent convulsion, they were given 2g MgSo4i.v. stat and maintenance dose was converted in standard dose 1g/hr. Results: In the present study we could achieve the average serum magnesium level around 3.3-3.4 mEq/L. These were below therapeutic range for eclampsia but within the range of normal blood level. Even serum magnesium level in subtherapeutic range, 89.2%patients had not developed recurrent convulsions. 33(71.73%) patients delivered Vaginally and 13(28.26%) were delivered by LSCS. Most common indicationsfor LSCS were fetal distress in 1st stage of labour followed by severe oligohydroamniosis and failure of induction of labour. Conclusion: Low maintenance dose of magnesium sulphate therapy is effective for controlling convulsion in cases of eclampsia. The toxicity is reduced to nil. There was no maternal complication due to recurrent convulsions because patient was under close monitoring and immediately the stepping up of dose was enough.

Postoperative wound edema, infection, and pain burden the patient’s life. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop an effective antibacterial, multifunctional application to prevent postoperative edema and relieve postoperative pain by making full use of the dehydrating and analgesic effects of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), magnesium oxide (MgO), sodium alginate (SA), and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC) to make a composite hydrogel, which can promote postoperative detumescence. MgSO4//MgO/SA/Na-CMC composite hydrogel dressings have outstanding mechanical properties, high water absorption, and good biocompatibility. MgO endows the hydrogel dressing with excellent antibacterial properties and better antibacterial activity against common bacteria and multidrug-resistant bacteria. In addition, MgSO4/MgO/SA/Na-CMC hydrogel dressing shows superior dehydration and analgesic properties in the postoperative nude mice model. This study shows that the multifunctional MgSO4/MgO/SA/Na-CMC composite hydrogel dressing developed as a surgical incision dressing has broad prospects in the prevention of incision infection, postoperative edema, and analgesia.

Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) solution has been chosen as alternative contrast medium in computed tomography scanning (CT-scan). The solution of MgSO4 was a good electrochemical property especially in the blood medium. It was found that MgSO4 in blood medium served as an antioxidant reagent because cyclic voltammogram had only one reduction current peak at 0.9 V, while iodine compounds were used as a common contrast medium in CT-scan; they had two oxidation current peaks in the blood medium at 0.73 V and 0.23 V. In addition, the iodine compounds caused many problems when used as a contrast medium, but they were the only contrast media used for this purpose. It was found that using MgSO4 solution as an alternative contrast medium in rabbits enhanced CT-scan in the resolution and increasing Hounsfield unit (HF) values of kidney and heart organ, as compared with that using iodine compound at the same dose.

Ali Reza Sobhani,1 Hossein Farshidi,2 Fariba Azarkish,3 Mahdiya Eslami,2 Ebrahim Eftekhar,4 Mansoor Keshavarz,5 Nepton Soltani6 1Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran; 2Cardiovascular Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran; 3Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran; 4Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran; 5Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 6Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranCorrespondence: Nepton SoltaniPhysiology Department, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranTel +98 9133251067Fax +98 36688597Email neptun.soltani@med.mui.ac.irPurpose: Given the beneficial effect of MgSO4 on the cardiovascular system, this study was designed to investigate the effect of MgSO4 administration on suppressing some atherosclerotic risk factors in moderate coronary artery disease patients with one or two atherosclerotic vessels.Patients and Methods: In a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial study, 64 patients with moderate coronary artery disease (55– 69% stenosis) were selected according to angiography findings. Patients were divided into four groups including patients with one or two atherosclerotic vessels treated with MgSO4 (Mg-treated-VR1, Mg-treated-VR2, respectively), placebo treated patients with one or two atherosclerotic vessels (Control-VR1, Control-VR2, respectively). The patients received either placebo or MgSO4 supplement capsule containing 300 mg MgSO4 for six months on a daily basis. ESR, Ca/Mg ratio, urine Mg level, serum Mg, fibrinogen, homocysteine, uric acid, Na, K, Ca, CRP, T3, T4, TSH, BUN, and Cr concentrations were measured at baseline and every three months.Results: Serum T3, Ca, K, homocysteine, CRP, and Mg concentrations were significantly improved in Mg-treated groups compared to placebo groups.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that despite the slight change in serum magnesium level, oral administration of MgSO4for six months could slightly reduce the serum levels of some inflammatory and vascular factors in moderate coronary artery disease patients.Keywords: atherosclerosis, MgSO4, fibrinogen, CRP, homocysteine, thyroid hormones

Abstract Background Pharmacy workers in Bangladesh play an important role in managing pregnancy complications by dispensing, counselling and selling drugs to pregnant women and their families. This study examined pharmacy workers’ drug knowledge and practice for pre-eclampsia and eclampsia (PE/E) management, including antihypertensives and anticonvulsants, and determine factors associated with their knowledge. Methods A cross-sectional survey with 382 pharmacy workers in public facilities (government) and private pharmacies and drug stores assessed their knowledge of antihypertensive and anticonvulsant drugs. ‘Pharmacy workers’ include personnel who work at pharmacies, pharmacists, family welfare visitors (FWVs), sub-assistant community medical officers (SACMOs), drug storekeepers. Exploratory and multivariate logistic models were used to describe association between knowledge of medicines used in pregnancy and demographic characteristics of pharmacy workers. Results Overall, 53% pharmacy workers interviewed were drug store owners in private pharmacies while 27% FWVs/SACMOs, who are government service providers also work as drug prescribers and/or dispensers in public facility pharmacies. Majority of pharmacy workers had poor knowledge compared to correct knowledge on both antihypertensive (77.8% vs 22.3%; p

This protocol involves the NH4Cl catalyzed Pictet−Spengler reactions of tryptamine and arylaldehydes in anhydrous MeOH solvent to gives corresponding tetrahydro-β-carbolines (THβC) with 90% yield. This methodology offers mild, efficient and green reagent towards the synthesis THβC with tolerance of wide functional group. This is the first report of Pictet–Spengler reaction using mild NH4Cl in MeOH solvent.

Nyeri pascabedah masih menjadi masalah dan perhatian di dunia. Pemberian analgetik preventif merupakan salah satu cara untuk mengurangi nyeri pascabedah. Beberapa obat digunakan sebagai terapi analgetik preventif antara lain opioid dan NSAID, namun obat ini mempunyai banyak efek samping. MgSO4 dapat digunakan sebagai analgetik preventif karena bersifat antagonis reseptor NMDA nonkompetitif. Tindakan operasi yang memiliki skor nyeri yang tinggi salah satunya adalah simple mastectomy dengan skor nyeri 4 sampai 8. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh MgSO4 i.v. dengan dosis bolus 50 mg/kgBB 20 menit prainduksi terhadap kebutuhan analgetik pasca-simple mastectomy. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik komparatif dengan data tidak berpasangan secara prospektif dengan uji klinis acak terkontrol buta ganda (RCT double blind) yang dilakukan terhadap 26 subjek penelitian yang menjalani simple mastectomy di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung pada bulan Agustus sampai Desember 2018. Analisis statistik pada data numerik diuji dengan uji t berpasangan, sedangkan data kategorik diuji dengan uji chi-Square. Subjek dibagi menjadi kelompok M (MgSO4 20% 50 mg/kgBB) dan kelompok C (NaCl 0,9%). Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan kebutuhan opioid pascabedah pada kelompok yang diberikan MgSO4 lebih rendah dibanding dengan kelompok yang mendapatkan NaCl dengan perbedaan bermakna (p

Preeclampsia is a dangerous complication for pregnant women and their fetuses, this can cause damage to body organs namely heart failure, kidney failure, liver dysfunction, blood clotting disorders, death for the mother and fetus, if not immediately addressed well and correctly. Management of severe preeclampsia by administering MgSO4 intravenously to mothers as prevention of seizures, one of the nursing actions to overcome preeclampsia patients is the provision of relaxation techniques Slow stroke back massage. The objective of this research to determine the effectiveness of MgSO4 Therapy and Slow Stroke Back Massage on Blood Pressure Response In Severe Preeclampsia Pregnant Women at Roemani Hospital Muhammadiyah Semarang. This research uses the quasi-experimental design with the pre and post test perspective. This research measured 32 the pregnant women with severe preeclampsia at Roemani Muhammadiyah Hospital Semarang from purposive sampling technique. The result of this research was shown the effect of blood pressure reduction in all preeclampsia pregnant women given MgSO4 therapy and slow stroke back massage. There is a significant influence on the provision of MgSO4 therapy and slow stroke back massage on the blood pressure response of severe preeclampsia pregnant women.

MgSO4 is used as a tocolytic agent. It is considered to be a calcium channel antagonist, but a different mechanism of its action might be involved. The aim of this study was to examine the contribution of calcium concentrations and potassium channels in the mechanism of MgSO4-mediated uterine relaxation. Isolated uteri from female Wister rats were treated with increasing MgSO4 concentrations (0.1-30 mM). MgSO4 induced dose-dependent inhibition of spontaneous activity. Addition of Ca2+ (6 mM and 12 mM) stimulated uterine contractile activity and attenuated the inhibitory activity of MgSO4. In order to analyze the role of different subtypes of potassium channels, Ca2+-stimulated uteri were pretreated with glibenclamide (Glib), a selective ATP-sensitive potassium channel inhibitor (KATP), tetraethylammonium (TEA), a non-specific inhibitor of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (BKCa), and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), a voltage-sensitive potassium channel inhibitor (Kv), at concentrations that had no effect per se. Pretreatment with 4-AP had no effect on MgSO4-mediated relaxation of Ca2+-stimulated uteri. The relaxing effect of MgSO4 was potentiated by pretreatment with glibenclamide. Pretreatment with TEA attenuated the MgSO4-mediated decrease in frequency. Our results suggest that MgSO4 acts as a general calcium antagonist that influences Ca2+-mediated potassium channels. Furthermore, it seems that MgSO4 uterine relaxation activity is partially mediated by selective ATP-sensitive potassium channels, suggesting an ATP-dependent role. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. 173014: Molecular Mechanisms of Redox Signaling in Homeostasis: Adaptation and Pathology]

Bi(NO3)3·5H2O/MgSO4 was developed as an efficient and green reagent for the nitration of aromatic compounds under mechanochemistry (or ball milling) condition. While aromatics with weak activating groups such as phenyl could be nitrated by this reagent with 100% conversion, aromatics with weak deactivating groups such as chloro- or bromo- could also be nitrated but with moderate conversion and regioselectivity with big para/ortho ratios. The in situ generated N2O4 or NO2 due to the decomposition of Bi(NO3)3·5H2O promoted by MgSO4 should be responsible for this mechanochemical nitration.

Abstract Kluyveromyces marxianus is a thermotolerant, crabtree-negative yeast, which preferentially directs metabolism (e.g., from the tricarboxylic acid cycle) to aerobic alcoholic fermentation. Thus K. marxianus has great potential for engineering to produce various materials under aerobic cultivation conditions. In this study, we engineered K. marxianus to produce and secrete a single-chain antibody (scFv), a product that is highly valuable but has historically proven difficult to generate at large scale. scFv production was obtained with strains carrying either plasmid-borne or genomically integrated constructs using various combinations of promoters (P MDH1 or P ACO1 ) and secretion signal peptides (KmINUss or Scα-MFss). As the wild-type K. marxianus secretes endogenous inulinase predominantly, the corresponding INU1 gene was disrupted using a Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR)—associated protein (CRISPR–Cas9) system to re-direct resources to scFv production. Genomic integration was used to replace INU1 with sequences encoding a fusion of the INU1 signal peptide to scFv; the resulting construct yielded the highest scFv production among the strains tested. Optimization of growth conditions revealed that scFv production by this strain was enhanced by incubation at 30 °C in xylose medium containing 200 mM MgSO4. These results together demonstrate that K. marxianus has the potential to serve as a host strain for antibody production.

Ebru Celik Kavak,1 Funda Gulcu Bulmus,2 Ozgur Bulmus,3 Salih Burcin Kavak,1 Nevin Kocaman4 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2Vocational School of Health Services, 3Department of Physiology, 4Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey Aim: The aim of the present study was to assess the protective effects of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) induced ovarian damage in a rat ovarian torsion model.Methods: Forty-two female Sprague Dawley rats were included in the study. They were divided into six groups as Group 1, sham; Group 2, bilateral ovarian torsion; Group 3, bilateral ovarian torsion–detorsion; Group 4, MgSO4–sham; Group 5, MgSO4–bilateral ovarian torsion; Group 6, bilateral ovarian torsion–MgSO4–detorsion. Both torsion and detorsion periods lasted 3 hours. In Groups 4, 5 and 6, MgSO4 (600 mg/kg) was administered by intraperitoneal route 30 minutes before sham operation, torsion and detorsion, respectively. At the end of the study period, both ovaries were removed. One of the ovaries was used for histopathological analyses and the other for biochemical analyses.Results: In the torsion–detorsion group, all the histopathological scores were higher compared to the sham and torsion only group (p

Introduction: Zataria multiflora Boiss. is an indigenous herbal plant found in many parts of Iran. This herb is traditionally used as a remedy for treating gastrointestinal disorders including diarrhea. Despite the existence of few pharmacological evidences which support the antispasmodic action of Z. multiflora in vitro, there is no scientific report about therapeutic efficacy of Z. multiflora in animal models. The objective of this research was to investigate the antispasmodic activity of hydroalcoholic and hexane extracts of Z. multiflora on intestinal peristaltic movement as well as assessment of its antidiarrheal action in mice. Methods: Dried leafy branches of Z. multiflora were coarsely powdered and subjected to extraction by ethanol or hexane in a percolator apparatus. Antispasmodic activity of Z. multiflora in vivo was assessed by investigating effect of the extracts on intestinal charcoal meal transit. The antidiarrheal activity of Z. multiflora extracts was evaluated by castor oil and magnesium sulfate‑induced diarrhea. The inhibitory effects of the extracts were compared with the standard drug loperamide. Results: The antispasmodic activity of Z. multiflora (20 & 40 mg/kg) hydroalcoholic and hexane extracts was confirmed by a reduction in the distance traveled by charcoal meal alongside the small intestine. Z. multiflora extracts (20 & 40 mg/kg) also significantly attenuated the castor oil and magnesium sulfate‑induced diarrhea. Loperamide was more efficacious in reducing number of total stools in both models of diarrhea. Conclusion: The obtained results have established a pharmacological evidence for the folkloric use of the Z. multiflora as an antidiarrhoeal and spasmodic agent.

During the leaching process of ionic rare earth ore (ICREO), ion-exchangeable phase calcium (IEP-Ca) and ion-exchangeable phase aluminum (IEP-Al) are leached along with rare earth, which causes many problems in the enrichment process, such as increasing the precipitant agent consumption and rare earth loss, etc. The agitation leaching kinetics and the column leaching mass transfer process of IEP-Ca and IEP-Al were studied to understand the leaching behavior of impurity in ICREO, which provides guides for the adjustment of the leaching process and to limit the co-leaching of impurities. IEP-Ca and IEP-Al were leached by ion exchange, with the leaching agent cations and the leaching kinetics described by an internal diffusion-controlled shrinking core model with an apparent activation energy of 8.97 kJ/mol and 10.48 kJ/mol, respectively. In addition, a significant reduction in the leaching efficiency of aluminum was caused by the hydrolysis reaction reinforced by the increase in MgSO4 concentration and temperature. The leaching kinetic data of IEP-Ca and IEP-Al was verified by the column leaching mass transfer process. There was a synchronous increase in the peak concentration of the outflow curve and leaching efficiency of calcium with the concentration of MgSO4 since IEP-Ca was easily leached. Therefore, as the leaching efficiency of calcium was already very high in the 0.20 mol/L MgSO4 leaching process, the leaching rate of calcium was limited by the leaching temperature and injection rate of MgSO4. For aluminum, the hydrolysis of Al3+ was promoted by increasing the MgSO4 concentration and the leaching temperature, thereby effectively reducing the content of aluminum in the leachate.

Abstract Background Since acute respiratory failure (ARF) is a life-threatening complication, particularly in the gestational period, differential diagnosis and rapid treatment are required. Among the various causes of sudden onset of ARF, thyroid storm is a rare cause in a parturient complicated with well-controlled hyperthyroidism. In this case report, we describe a parturient with hyperthyroidism in whom a thyroid storm manifesting congestive heart failure and pulmonary edema developed just before an emergency ceasarean section, even though hyperthyroidism was well-controlled with antithyroid drugs. Case presentation A 36-year-old pregnant woman was diagnosed as having clinical chorioamnionitis, and an emergency cesarean section was performed at 25 weeks of pregnancy. She had a complication of hyperthyroidism accompanied by mild mitral regurgitation, and she had been treated with methimazole. She was treated with ritodrine and MgSO4 for the threat of premature delivery. At the preoperative consultation, her percutaneous oxygen saturation (SpO2) was 98% on room air. When she was admitted to the operating room, her heart rate and blood pressure were 130 beats/min and 196/78 mmHg, respectively. SpO2 was 88% on room air without any symptoms; however, just after starting oxygen administration via a facemask, she complained of severe respiratory distress and became agitated. Partial pressure of arterial oxygen was 108 mmHg with an inspiratory oxygen fraction of 1.0. Chest radiography revealed pulmonary congestion, and transesophageal echocardiography revealed normal right ventricular function without an embolus and severe mitral regurgitation with preserved left ventricular function. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography after the operation revealed no pulmonary embolus but revealed a pulmonary effusion, and free triiodothyronine level was increased at the onset of dyspnea. Therefore, we diagnosed the causes of sudden onset of dyspnea as pulmonary edema and congestive heart failure induced by a thyroid storm. Conclusion Sudden onset of a thyroid storm just before a cesarean section occurred in a patient with several risk factors of thyroid storm and pulmonary edema, including pregnancy, treatment with tocolytic agents, and infection. The involvement of these multiple factors was considered to be the cause of the sudden onset of the thyroid storm and the cause of rapidly progressive pulmonary edema.

Aim of the experiment was evaluation of the effect of reduced calcium and magnesium content in the broiler chickens diet on its parameters of fattening, bone strength and calcium and magnesium content in liver. The trial was performed with cockerels of Ross 308 hybrid (n = 160) which were fattened in cage batteries from day 11th to 36th day of age. Cockerels were divided into 4 groups (differ in various intake levels of calcium and magnesium) in four replications. The maize-wheat-soybean basal diet contained 2.33 g Ca and 1.58 g Mg per kilogram. Calcium was added by CaCO3 and magnesium by MgSO4. Control group (C) received feed mixture with added CaCO3 in dose of 19.49 g.kg-1 and 0.41 g.kg-1 of MgSO4. Three experimental groups contain added CaCO3 in dose of 11.83 g.kg-1 and 0 g.kg-1 MgSO4 (group Exp1); CaCO3 11.83 g.kg-1 and 0.41 g.kg-1 MgSO4 (group Exp2); CaCO3 19.49 g.kg-1 and 0 g.kg-1 MgSO4 (group Exp3), respectively. The feed consumption was daily monitored and the cockerels were weighed twice a week. At the end of the study the experimental animals were weighted and slaughtered by decapitation. The weight of carcasses, liver and proportion of breast and thigh muscle was determined in the selected chickens (n = 24). The atomic absorption spectrometry was used for Ca and Mg evaluation in liver tissues. Bone strength parameter was measured at the femur bone. The statistically significant differences (p >0.05) were not detected between control and experimental groups in the case of studied parameters of fattening, bone strength and calcium and magnesium content in the chicken´s liver. Based on the obtained results it could be concluded the reduction of determined elements in the chicken diet did not deteriorate parameters of yield, elements content in liver tissue as well as the bone strength of broiler chickens.

Objective The use of antenatal magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) has been associated with neuroprotective effects. One of its' proposed mechanisms of action includes antagonism of calcium channels. Calcium influx is important for closure of ductus arteriosus. We hypothesized that antenatal MgSO4 exposure may be associated with an increased risk of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (HsPDA) in premature infants (PI). Study Design A prospective cohort study conducted in two parts. PI (< 32 weeks and 1.5 mm and BNP levels > 40 pg/mL or NTproBNP > 10,200 pg/mL. Infants were divided into two groups based on antenatal MgSO4 exposure. Data were analyzed using SPSS 23. Difference in baseline characteristics and antenatal steroid use in the two groups was analyzed. A matched group analysis was performed to adjust for the difference in the numbers between the two groups. A p-value

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: In neonates, birth asphyxia is a serious condition. It results in high risk of morbidity and mortality. It is also associated with permanent neuro developmental deficits among survivors. OBJECTIVES: The main objective of the study is comparing the efficacy of intravenous magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) with placebo in neonates with severe birth asphyxia in terms of neurological outcome. METHOD: A total of 66 subjects were recruited in Pediatrics Medicine Unit-II, DHQ Hospital, Faisalabad from April 2011 to December 2011. Neonates divided into two groups A & B (33 patients in each group) with history of birth asphyxia. Neonates of group-A were given MgSO4 through I.V route(3 doses 250 mg/kg/dose, 24 hours interval) and group B received normal saline(3 doses 1 ml/kg/dose 24 hours interval). During stay in NICU all Neonates were regularly neurologically assessed. RESULTS: Mean age (hour) was observed 2.82±1.35 and 3.24±1.60 in both A and B groups respectively. Total of 18(54.5%) subjects in group A and 19(57.6%) subjects in group B had 37-38 weeks while, 15(45.5%) and 14(42.4%) subjects had 39-40 weeks of gestational age respectively. At discharge time, neurological findings (neonatal reflexes) were improved in 25(75.8%) subjects in A group and 15(45.4%)subjects in B group. Statistically significant P value was found to be 0.002 for oral feed (sucking). Normal CT brain was seen in 28(84.9%) subjects in group A and 17(51.5%) subjects in group B. CONCLUSION: Neurological outcome at discharge were improved with the treatment of postnatal I/V magnesium sulfate in neonates with severe birth Asphyxia when given early after birth having severe perinatal asphyxia.

Objective(s): Febrile seizures (FS) are the most common type of convulsive events among children. Its prevalence has been estimated to be 2-5% in children between 3 months and 5 years old. Also, blood and CSF magnesium levels have been demonstrated to be reduced in children with FS. This study investigates the effect of MgSo4 pretreatment on the behaviors caused by hyperthermia (HT) and effect of these two on pentylen-tetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizure later in life. Materials and Methods: Thirty two Wistar rats were assigned to 2 groups: saline-hyperthermia-pentylentetrazol (SHP) and magnesium-hyperthermia-pentylentetrazol (MHP). In both groups, HT was induced at the age of 18-19 days old. Before the HT, MHP group received MgSo4 and SHP group received normal saline intraperitoneally (IP). Behaviors of the rats were recorded during the HT. Then, in half of each group (n=8) at the age of 25-26 days old and in other half at the age of 78-79 days, seizure was induced by PTZ. Results: The HT successfully caused convulsive behaviors in the rats and pretreatment with MgSo4 before HT attenuated HT-induced convulsive behaviors. PTZ-induced seizures a week later was more severe than those of 2 months later. Conclusion: It can be concluded that pretreatment with MgSO4 inhibits HT-induced seizure and, in a long run, this intervention reduced PTZ-induced seizure later in life.

Shivering, as a result of impaired thermoregulatory, is frequent during surgery under spinal anesthesia. The purpose of this study was to compare the anti-shivering effect between intravenous MgSO4 and pethidine during transurethral resection of the prostate under spinal anesthesia.This study was a randomized double-blind controlled trial in 42 patients with American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) physical status II or III, aged 60−70 years who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate at the central operating theater of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung within March–September 2014. The patients were divided into MgSO4 group and pethidine group. Characteristics of data, the incidence of shivering, body core temperature, vital signs monitoring, and adverse events were recorded. Antishivering effect of MgSO4 was better compared to pethidine, with the incidence of shivering in operating theatre was 4/21 vs 9/21. However, in the recovery room, the incidence of shivering was the same for both groups (1/21). It is concluded that the administration of intravenous MgSO4 before spinal anesthesia clinically reduces the incidence of shivering during surgery and has a better anti-shivering effect compared to intravenous pethidine.

Background Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) has been used as a common therapy for preeclampsia and eclampsia for many years. MgSO4 decreases peripheral vascular resistance so as to reduce maternal blood pressure. Whether placental blood vessels react to MgSO4 in the same patterns as that in maternal vessels is largely unknown. Methods and Results This study compared placental vessels (PV) versus nonplacental vessels (non‐PV) in human and animal models. MgSO4‐caused vascular dilation was significantly weaker in PV than that in non‐PV. Prostaglandin I2 synthetase affected MgSO4‐mediated vasodilatation in PV, not in umbilical vessels, while cyclooxygenase did not influence MgSO4‐induced relaxation in both PV and non‐PV. Mg2+‐caused vasodilatation was mainly through calcium channels. In PV, calcium channel activities were significantly weaker in PV than that in non‐PV. Relative mRNA expression of CACNA1D, CACNB2, and CACNB3 was significantly higher in PV than those in umbilical vessels, despite the fact that the expression of CACNA1F was less in PV. The contractile phenotype of smooth muscle cell marker (CALD1) was less and the synthetic phenotype (MYH10) was more in PV than that in UV. Conclusions These results demonstrated that PV were characterized by much weaker responses to MgSO4 compared with nonplacental vessels. The difference was related to weaker calcium channel activity and minor contractile phenotype smooth muscle cells in PV, providing important information for further understanding treatments with MgSO4 in preeclampsia.

The aim of the present work was to examine the effects of anionic salts (MgCl2 or MgSO4) supplementation on metabolic profile, peripartum diseases and pregnancy rate of dairy cows during the prepartum period. Fourty five Holstein dairy cows were placed on 1 of 3 prepartum treatments. Treatment groups were balanced body condition score as far as similar. Treatments were total mixed ration (TMR) without anionic salt (control), TMR supplemented with 30 g/d/cow MgCl2 or TMR supplemented with 30 g/d/cow MgSO4. After parturation, all groups were fed with same TMR. The presynch-ovsynch protocol was used and fixed time artificial insemination was done after 30 days postpartum. The experiment was lasted for 8 weeks of postpartum. Cows fed MgCl2 supplemented TMR increased milk yield compared with control and MgSO4 supplemented TMR. Supplementing anionic salts reduced serum AST and ALT concentrations, increased serum glucose, HDL, IgG, Ca and Mg concentrations. Health and reproductive performance were not different between treatments. These data suggets that anionic salts supplementation in TMR during prepartum can alter milk yield and blood biochemical parameters.

Purpose: The plant, Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Laureceae), is a small, ever green plant which is native to southern India and it has been reported to possess a number of medicinal properties. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the anti-diarrhoeal activity of the aqueous extract of the bark of Cinnamomum zeylanicum which is used traditionally as folk medicine, by using a castor oil and MgSO4 (Magnesium Sulphate) induced diarrhoea model. Methods: The aqueous extract of the bark of this plant at graded doses (100mg/kg, 200mg/kg body weight) was investigated for its anti-diarrhoeal activity in terms of the reduction in the rate of defaecation and the consistency of faeces in castor oil, Mgso4 induced diarrhoea. To understand the mechanism of its antidiarrhoeal activity, its effect was further evaluated on the gastrointestinal transit time with charcoal meal. Results: The bark extract showed significant (p