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Abstract Background Dental caries is the most prevalent disease in elementary schoolchildren in Japan. Problematic Internet use (PIU) has increased among children; however, its association with caries has rarely been studied. We aimed to explore (1) sex differences in dental caries and (2) the association of dental caries with lifestyle and PIU among elementary school children in Japan. Methods From 110 elementary schools in Toyama Prefecture, 13,413 children in the 4th-6th grades (mean age, 10.5 years) participated in the Toyama Safe Internet Use Project in 2018. We inquired about lifestyle, anthropometric data, family rules for screen time, PIU, and the number of self-reported treated caries. PIU was assessed using the Young’s Diagnostic Questionnaire. We defined children having ≥ 3 caries as having multiple caries. Subsequently, a modified Poisson regression analysis was performed. Results Overall, 12,146 children (90.7%) were analyzed. The prevalence of multiple caries was 25.7% (24.4% in boys and 27.0% in girls). In the regression analysis, the presence of multiple caries was significantly associated with being a girl(adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) 1.13), being in higher grades (5th grade: aPR 1.13 and 6th grade: aPR 1.14), skipping breakfast (aPR 1.11), having late bedtime (10 to 11 p.m.: aPR 1.17 and ≥ 11 p.m.: aPR 1.23), tooth brushing (once a day: aPR 1.14 and not every day: aPR 1.41), having no family rules (aPR 1.20), and PIU (YDQ score 3–4: aPR 1.17). When stratified by sex, a dose-response relationship was observed between PIU and the presence of multiple caries in boys (YDQ score 3–4: aPR 1.19 and YDQ score ≥ 5: aPR 1.22). Conclusion Being a girl, having an undesirable lifestyle, and PIU were significantly associated with multiple self-reported caries. In addition to a having a healthy lifestyle, restricting PIU is recommended to prevent caries in children.

Abstract Prior work suggests people often match with conversational partners by using a common rate of style words (e.g., articles, pronouns). Indeed, such language style matching (LSM) has associated positively with downstream social and psychological dynamics like cooperation, liking, and well-being. To what degree is LSM predictive of positive attitudes in entertainment media settings? The current two-study paper addressed this question by collecting participants’ writing style with three diverse prompts, and then having them consume a random selection of TED talks (Study 1) and videotaped podcast narratives (Study 2). The evidence suggested less LSM was associated with positive attitudes (e.g., an interest in watching another video by the speaker, feeling connected to the speaker). Mediation analyses revealed the negative relationship between LSM and positive attitudes was explained by one’s novelty need satisfaction. Implications for LSM research, plus character construction and narrative development in media psychology, are discussed.

Abstract Background In Australia and internationally, it is men who predominately die by suicide. Men are less likely than women to seek help for their mental health difficulties and this may contribute to their higher suicide rates. We created a 4-minute music video encouraging Australian men to seek help for mental health difficulties (Boys Do Cry). We aimed to assess in a randomised controlled trial (RCT) whether the Boys Do Cry video increased men’s intentions to seek help for mental health difficulties from baseline (T1) to post-intervention (1 week = T2). Methods We conducted an online single-blind, two-arm RCT comparing the effects of Boys Do Cry against a control video. Analyses were undertaken on an intent-to-treat basis using linear mixed effects models with variables for trial arm, occasion of measurement and their interaction. Intervention effectiveness was assessed by comparing the mean difference between arms in change of the total score on the General Help-Seeking Questionnaire (GHSQ) from T1 to T2. Results 476 participants were randomised (intervention = 243; control = 233). At T1, GHSQ means were similar (intervention = 45.28; control = 45.70). After viewing the videos, GHSQ means increased in both arms (intervention = 47.33; control = 46.59), with no evidence of a difference in scores at T2 (modelled mean difference = 0.62, 95% CI -1.11 to 2.35, p = 0.485). Similar results were observed for all secondary outcomes. No adverse events were observed. Conclusions Boys Do Cry demonstrated some evidence of a positive effect on help-seeking intentions among Australian men; however, so too did the control video, and no significant difference was observed. Trial registration ANZCTR No. 2,621,001,008,819. Registered 30 July 2021.

LEARNING (WITH) ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE. A MEDIA-ARCHAEOLOGICAL APPROACH Abstract The article explores the role and implications of generative artificial intelligence (AI) in the educational context, challenging polarized narratives between apocalyptic and integrated perspectives. Through a historical-cultural analysis and a media-archaeological approach, it examines the dialogic and performative nature of AI, suggesting a critical and mindful approach to its use. Particular attention is given to the relationship between simulation and intelligence, highlighting how designing meaningful learning experiences requires a deep understanding of the underlying cultural frameworks. Finally, it proposes a reinterpretation of the educational challenges posed by AI, advocating for the integration of innovative epistemological and didactic approaches that enhance humanmachine interaction without resorting to instrumental or deterministic simplifications.

Tourism literature establishes a reciprocal relationship between literature and tourism, with the digitization of literary works offering significant potential for tourism development. This research explores the use of digitalized literary works as a medium for promoting tourism in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Employing a qualitative descriptive method and a tourism literature approach, the study incorporates a literature review to analyze works related to West Sumatra. These are categorized into various forms of digitalized literature, including electronic books, audiovisual media, and films. The findings demonstrate that technological advancements expand the accessibility of literary works, reaching broader audiences and enhancing the potential for tourism promotion. Digital formats, such as videos shared on social media and films, provide imaginative portrayals of West Sumatra, transforming literary narratives into compelling visual experiences that highlight local tourist destinations. The study concludes that digitalization not only preserves the essence of literary tourism but also amplifies its impact by strengthening promotional strategies. By leveraging digitalized literary works, this approach is anticipated to attract more tourists and elevate the profile of West Sumatra as a vibrant cultural and tourism destination.

John Keane bu halka açık konferansında, savaş meselelerinde artık büyüklerimizin bilmediği tuhaf bir dünyada yaşadığımızı öne sürüyor. 20. yüzyılın Soğuk Savaşı’ndan ve yakın zamanda konuşulan 2. Soğuk Savaş'tan son derecede farklı bir dünyadayız. Tahrip edici meta savaşlar çağındayız. Günümüzde dijital iletişim teknolojileri, yalnızca Hellfire hassas güdümlü havadan yere füzeler ve düşman uydularının kontrolünü ele geçirebilen karmaşık siber silahlar gibi savaş yöntemlerini ve silahlarını ürkütücü bir şekilde geliştirmekle kalmıyor; aynı zamanda, paradoksal bir şekilde, savaşın medyadaki temsillerini de biçimlendiriyor. Hükümetlerin, askeri halkla ilişkiler propagandacılarının, son dakika habercilerinin, askerlerin ve vatandaşların oluşturduğu bu değişen medya temsilleri, savaşları adeta bir “oyun” gibi sunarak, savaşın dehşetini estetize etmekte ve milyonlarca insanı, kan, zulüm ve soykırım boyutundaki yıkımlardan arındırılmış gibi görünen bu savaşlara karşı kayıtsızlığa itmektedir. Özellikle Atlantik bölgesinin eski demokrasilerinde bu yeni meta savaşları, toplumsal kayıtsızlık, duygusal kopukluk ve kendi meşguliyetleriyle boğulmuş insanların umursamazlık hislerini beslemektedir. Ancak bu toplumsal kayıtsızlığın karşısında meta savaşlar çağına özgü bir karşı çıkış da mevcuttur. Bu karşı çıkış, isyancı gazetecilerin bu savaşların korkunç gerçeklerini dijital olarak açığa çıkardığı, onların ahlaki ve pratik gerekliliklerini sorguladığı ve dünyanın her yerindeki sivillere meta savaşlara maruz kalmak zorunda olmadıklarını, hatta bir gün savaşın her türünün ortadan kaldırılmasının zorunlu olacağı bir zamanın geleceğini öğrettiği yeni medya platformlarının doğuşudur. Prof. Keane’in bu dersini Özümsu Alagöz’ün çevirisiyle Türk iletişim akademisinin ilgisine sunmaktan memnuniyet duyarız.

This study employs critical discourse analysis to examine two opinion articles published in Western press that propose divergent strategies for the West in the Russo-Ukrainian war. The analysis focuses on three key aspects: representations of the war, evaluations, and dialogicality. The study also analyses Ukrainian journalistic translations of the articles. One article argues for equipping Ukraine with all necessary weapons for a swift victory over Russia, while the other supports incremental weapons supplies, leading to a prolonged war. The findings reveal that the former article portrays the war as Ukraine’s fight for independence and a battle to uphold international law, whereas the latter predominantly depicts it as territorial aggression that threatens global nuclear security. The former article employs a wide range of evaluative devices to underscore Russia’s brutality and condemn the delayed provision of Western weapons to Ukraine. In contrast, the other article primarily employs evaluative language to amplify fears of nuclear escalation. Regarding dialogicality, one author structures his text as an implied dialogue with hypothetical opponents, employing rhetorical questions, imperative sentences, irony, and first-person narration, whereas the other author references individuals with institutional authority to validate his assertions. The divergent treatment of these articles by the Ukrainian media, both at the macro and micro levels – reflected in the significant disparity in translations (12 to 1) and the manner in which the articles were reframed during translation – reveals the gatekeeping function of translation and suggests the Ukrainian media’s focus on positive news from the West as a means to keep up the country’s morale.

Özellikle son dönemlerde klasik medya tüketiminin azaldığı ve yeni medya olarak adlandırılan sosyal medya gibi etkileşimli medya ortamlarının yaygınlaştığı görülmektedir. Medyanın toplumlar üzerindeki yoğun etkileri, medyadan gelen her türlü mesajı çözümleyebilen bilinçli medya okuryazarı bireylerin yetiştirilmesini zorunlu kılmaktadır. Medya okuryazarlığı, bireylere medya içeriklerini eleştirel bir şekilde analiz etme ve anlama yeteneği kazandırır. Son dönemlerde artan yabancı düşmanlığının sebepleri arasında medya içeriklerinin geldiği söylenebilir. Dolayısıyla farklı kültürleri, inançları ve yaşam tarzlarını benimseyen insanlara yönelik oluşturulan içeriklere karşı medya okuryazarlık düzeyi yüksek olan kişilerin olmayanlara kıyasla daha bilinçli olacağı düşünülebilir. Bu düşünceyi kanıta dayalı veriler ile test etmek için bu çalışmada, üniversite öğrencilerinin medya okuryazarlık düzeyleri ile eleştirel düşünme eğilimleri arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Bunun için demografik bilgi formu, Yeni Medya Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği ve Farklılıklara Saygı Ölçeği soru formunda kullanılmıştır. Araştırma yöntemi olarak nicel araştırma yöntemi tercih edilmiştir. Araştırma modeli ise ilişkisel tarama modelidir. Üniversite öğrencilerinin medya okuryazarlık düzeyleri ile farklılıklara saygı eğilimleri cinsiyet, yaş, bölüm ve sınıf gibi değişkenler açısından incelenmiştir. Veriler test edilirken normallik dağılımı için Skewness ve Kurtosis, hipotez testleri için Kruskal Wallis-H Testi, T testi ve Pearson Momentler Çarpımı Korelasyon Analizi kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak Farklılıklara Saygı Ölçeğinden alınan toplam puanların katılımcıların cinsiyetine ve sınıf düzeyine göre istatistiki olarak anlamlı farklılaştığı görülmüştür. Medya Okuryazarlığı Ölçeğinden alınan toplam puanların ise bölümlere göre anlamlı farklılaştığı görülmüştür. Medya Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği toplam puanları ile Farklılıklara Saygı Ölçeği toplam puanları arasında bir korelasyon bulunmamıştır. Araştırmada radyo, televizyon ve sinema bölümünün medya okuryazarlığı ölçeğindeki toplam puan ortalamasının gazetecilik ve çocuk gelişimi bölümlerine göre daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sınıf düzeyine bakıldığında ise farklılıklara saygı ölçeği toplam puan ortalamalarının 4., 1., 3. ve 2. sınıf öğrencilerinde azalan sırada olduğu görülmüştür.

Background: Media play a crucial role as one of the primary tools in shaping beliefs and representing dominant ideologies in society. Van Dijk's Critical Model analyzes media discourses and their role in reproducing power and influencing ideologies. Alongside this, psychological concepts related to social cognition illustrate how individuals shape and reproduce their beliefs through interaction with these discourses. However, interdisciplinary studies that simultaneously analyze psychological and critical dimensions are rarely conducted. Aims: The aim of this research was to analyze how beliefs are formed through media discourses using psychological concepts and Van Dijk's Critical Social Model. Methods: This study employed a systematic literature review approach. The study population included all scholarly and research sources related to the psychological concepts of Van Dijk's Critical Social Model and epistemology of belief in media. These sources included scientific articles, books, research reports, and critical analyses published in reputable scientific databases and international journals. The sampling method was non-random and purposive. Data analysis was conducted using thematic analysis. Results: The results indicate that media, through specific linguistic and discursive strategies, guide how audiences’ process and select information, leading individuals to readily accept information that aligns with their pre-existing cognitive assumptions while information that contradicts these assumptions may face resistance. Additionally, personal experiences play a significant role in interpreting and internalizing media information, with changes in beliefs and attitudes typically occurring within the context of personal experiences and existing assumptions. Conclusion: This research demonstrates that media, through linguistic strategies, play a significant role in shaping public beliefs. Combining psychological and critical approaches in the analysis of epistemology of belief helps to achieve a deeper understanding of how media discourses influence audience cognition.

Türkiye’de medya ve Alevilik ilişkisi, Aleviliğin tarihsel olarak nasıl algılandığı vetopluma nasıl yansıtıldığıyla yakından ilişkilidir. Aynı zamanda medyanın Aleviliği nasılele aldığı konusu, hem Türkiye’nin sosyo-politik yapısı hem de medyanın tarihsel rolü iledoğrudan bağlantılıdır. Türkiye’de Alevilik, siyasi ve toplumsal boyutta gerçek yapısınındışında bir inanç topluluğu olarak algılanmıştır. Bu durum medyanın da Aleviliği nasıl elealdığına yansımıştır. Osmanlı döneminde Alevilik gerçek anlamıyla algılanmamış ve devletile tezatlık oluşturan bir yapı olarak görülmüştür. Bu durum Cumhuriyet dönemine kadaruzanan bir süreci kapsar. 1950’lerden itibaren medyada Alevilik konusuna daha fazla yerverilse de çoğu zaman Alevilik belli bir siyasi çerçeve içerisinde değerlendirilmiştir. Özellikle20. yüzyılın ilk yarısında medyanın, Alevileri ya görünmez kıldığı ya da yanlış ve eksikbilgilerle temsil ettiği gözlemlenmiştir. 1980 itibariyle medya hareketlerinde Alevilik kendiniifade etmeye başlamıştır. 1980 darbesi sonrası dönemde medya, Alevileri çoğunlukla “öteki”olarak konumlandırmış ve Alevilere yönelik önyargıları pekiştirmiştir. Alevilikle ilgili medyahareketlerinde genellikle Aleviliğin dinî boyutu yerine siyasi bir hareket olarak algılanmasısağlanmıştır. Alevi kimliği, genellikle sol eğilimli politik hareketlerle özdeşleştirilmiş ve buda medyada Alevilere yönelik daha çok siyasi bir bakış açısının yer almasına neden olmuştur.Bu çalışmada Alevilik ve medya ilişkisi; Aleviliğin televizyon, gazete, sosyal medya, belgesel,film gibi medyada temsili üzerinde genel bir çerçeve oluşturularak medyanın Alevi toplumunaetkisi ve gelecek perspektifleri incelenmiştir.

Mordovia is a small national republic with a low level of social conflicts. Mordovia has few regional mass media sources, which makes digital sources important for its residents. As a result, Governor Artyom A. Zdunov launched his own Telegram channel called Zdunov Zdes (i.e., Zdunov is here), which has become a valuable source of information and communication. The authors used the methods of qualitative and quantitative content analysis to study the posts published from 2022, when the channel was opened, to the present day. The channel proved to be an efficient source of relevant information that can compete with other regional media. Not only does it promote A. A. Zdunov as an active politician, but it also represents Mordovia as a region with good economic prospects and touristic potential. In addition, the channel initiates an indirect dialogue between the authorities and the population. The content-makers rely on such techniques as data prioritization, creolization, emotional contagion, interviews with influencers, eyewitness accounts, etc. The positive image of the Governor includes his hard-working nature, professionalism, competence, kindness, toughness, sociability, good health, youth, energy, patriotism, and personal involvement.

Social media influencers and opinion leaders are an important social phenomenon. As social networks become more important in all spheres of life, the communicative distance between the media producer and the media consumer keeps shrinking, marking a focus shift to content consumption. Creative industries are an important factor in developing social media influencers. This research features the social factors that contribute to the formation and sustainability of social media influencers through creative industries. The authors conducted a content analysis of documentary sources published as textual or visual content on various media platforms, i.e., social networks, video hosting, or blogs, to identify the key topics, images, and representations broadcast by opinion leaders. A secondary analysis of sociological research data and online analytical reviews made it possible to study the influence of opinion leaders on public attitudes and consumer behavior, including by means of creative industries. The data obtained were processed using the SPSS statistical package and data analysis software. The formation of social media influencers proved to be a complex process, where social determinants are even more important than economic, political, or other aspects. The research revealed nine groups of factors in shaping the social media influencers that target young population: technology; popularity; publicity; media coverage; the role of social capital and its monetization; media trends and representations formed by million-follower bloggers; influence on social behavior; personal qualities; risk factors. Social media influencers act through creativity, creative industries, expressive and visual means of musical and plastic arts, etc. They are strategically important stakeholders in business and other social spheres as they shape the current behavioral patterns of young people.

The article analyses the key factors that stimulate the digital transformation of media. The relevance of the theme is actual for the rapid development of technology and general digitalisation, for the importance of the media industry for society and the specifics of the media market. The purpose is to identify the drivers of digital transformation necessary for media adaptation to modern conditions. The research includes a literature review of existing studies, identification of the drivers of digital transformation of the media industry, assessment of the dependence of drivers and stakeholders, and classification of them.

In modern scientific discourse the connection between the consumption of traumatic media content and the psychological state of the audience is, in principle, considered proven. However, the relationship between the type of content and the context of its consumption and the strength of the traumatic impact remains much less studied. In this article, the authors present the results of a study based on an uncontrolled experiment with audience members who consumed potentially traumatizing content. The results generally prove the association of violent content consumption with increased levels of situational anxiety and, in part, increased levels of depression. Nevertheless, a very high significance of the context of consumption, as well as the specificity of the source, which can offset the traumatizing effects of media content, was revealed. The authors suggest that in future studies these factors should be taken into account when studying the impact of media content on the psychological state of the audience.

In Digital Era, E-learning involves the use of the internet and mobile learning, including all types of gadgets. English teachers are required to apply creative and innovative teaching models in designing ICT-based learning that is appropriate to the needs of students. This study is to identify the types of ICT tools and describes the challenges and benefits of ICT in English Language Teaching and Learning at SMKN 8 Jember. It employs a descriptive qualitative method with interviews and documentation of lesson plans for data collection. The participants include 100 students from X, XI, and XII grades, and the English teachers. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data display, and drawing conclusions. The findings indicate the types of ICT media used by teachers in the teaching and learning and the implementation of ICT as a media and learning resource with the students’ responses about 57% strongly agree and 43% agree. It means that teachers already applied the ICT in classroom quite good because they have effectively utilized ICT in English language teaching easier for students to grasp the learning materials, learning motivation, and learning outcomes. Besides the benefits, it is hope to effectively address the challenges of ICT use in learning English, teachers can receive targeted training and support in several areas. These programs aim to build their confidence, technical skills, and pedagogical strategies for integrating ICT into their teaching practice.

Families, as crucial social institutions, play a vital role in providing emotional and physical support to their members and teaching life skills. The rapid evolution of communication technologies and media has significantly influenced this institution, leading to major changes within it. This research aims to categorize issues and offer suggestions for addressing gaps in research or media policy-making. The research question is: How have studies in the field of family and the media been classified, and what topics have been discussed under each classification? The theoretical framework of this article is based on Dependency Theory, Manuel Castells' Theory, and Cultivation Theory, with data analysis conducted using meta-analysis and thematic analysis methods. In this study, after reviewing 93 extracted articles on the subject of media and family, and analyzing descriptive statistics and themes in areas such as social networks, television, and cinema, the strengths and weaknesses of the research were identified. The results indicate that the effects of modernity and media on the family institution in Iran have been profound and multifaceted. These value changes include the removal of traditions, weakening of kinship relations, empowerment of women, increased importance of individualism, and changes in lifestyles. These transformations represent a period of cultural and social transition, emphasizing the need to focus on the Iranian-Islamic lifestyle, the identity of men and women, strengthening family cohesion and relationships, media literacy, and attention to the role and position of children and adolescents within the family.

Objective: It was aimed in the study to evaluate and compare the purpose, frequency, and scope of mobile media use in children with neurodevelopmental disorder and those without neurodevelopmental disorder. Method: This study planned with a comparative design was conducted with the participation of the mothers of 111 children with neurodevelopmental disorder and 237 children without neurodevelopmental disorder. The data were collected through a self-report questionnaire. Results: Most of the children had their own personal mobile media devices (with neurodevelopmental disorder=96.4%, without neurodevelopmental disorder=90.7%), and the majority used their mobile media devices to watch videos (with neurodevelopmental disorder=100.0%, without neurodevelopmental disorder=77.6%). Children with neurodevelopmental disorder used mobile media devices at an earlier age, and their duration of use in the day was longer (p

The article is devoted to the importance and role of media communications in Ukraine's European integration processes. The topic of Ukraine's integration into the European Union is vital not only for the political, economic, security, and humanitarian aspects of the state's life but also for the national media space. The importance of the information and communication component for achieving strategic goals is confirmed. The functions of media communications in the context of Ukraine's European integration are defined. The information and analytical activities of Ukrainian media in the national media space on the country's path to the EU are analyzed. Attention is also focused on the problematic issues of covering the topic of European integration. A content analysis of the monitoring of world media for the relevance of the problem under study was conducted using the Media Cloud platform. Among the resources considered in the analysis are all global English-language media and national media of the USA, Great Britain, and France. The content analysis results concluded that Ukraine's integration into the EU is relevant for modern international relations and is actively covered by the world media. Ukraine's membership in the EU is mainly associated with and is associated with, Russian aggression against Ukraine and the beginning of a full-scale invasion. Over time, the media have paid no less attention to the topic of European integration. A new powerful surge in media activity occurred with negotiations in June 2024 between representatives of Ukraine and representatives of the governments of 27 EU countries on membership. The high activity of world media in covering Ukraine's European integration aspirations indicates support and interest in Ukraine in the world community.

Metaphorical expressions play an important role in modern media language, especially in the headlines of articles. The article presents a comparative analysis of the use of the expressions "гра в одні ворота" / "grać do jednej bramki" and "гол у свої ворота" / "strzał do własnej bramki" in Ukrainian and Polish media. The relevance of the topic is determined by the fact that metaphorical expressions, having a common origin in different languages, acquire unique shades of meaning depending on the context and national characteristics. The differences in the use of these phraseological units in the Ukrainian and Polish media spaces remain insufficiently studied. The aim of the research is to conduct a broad sampling and comparative analysis of the use of the idioms "гра в одні ворота" (playing in one goal) / "grać do jednej bramki" and "гол у свої ворота" (own goal) / "strzał do własnej bramki" in the headlines of articles from Ukrainian and Polish media articles in order to determine their role in shaping the semantic load and emotional perception of texts. The methodology is based on the use of typological, contextual and descriptive methods, which allowed a comprehensive analysis of the structure, semantics and functions of headlines. Modern approaches to content analysis were used, including an assessment of the effectiveness of the use of phraseological units as components of headlines. A wide range of materials from Ukrainian and Polish electronic media was used for the sample. The results of the study showed that in Ukrainian media, the phraseological expression "гра в одні ворота" (playing in one goal) is used in the context of sports competitions and to denote unfair situations in politics, justice, and the economy, where one side has a significant advantage. In Polish headlines, the phrase "grać do jednej bramki" (playing to one goal) has a different meaning, emphasizing cooperation or collusion between different parties, often with hidden or conflicting interests, and is primarily used to describe situations of domestic or international cooperation. The metaphors "гол у свої ворота" (own goal) / "strzał do własnej bramki" (shot into one's own goal) symbolize a critical mistake or failure, where actions lead to negative consequences. The research revealed both common and distinct features in the use of phraseological units in the Ukrainian and Polish media spaces, which are determined by cultural and linguistic characteristics. This emphasizes the need to take into account the national context when analyzing media texts and opens up new opportunities for further research in the field of intercultural communication and linguistics.

This paper provides an in-depth analysis of select magazines published by Islamic socio-religious organizations in Kashmir, India. It explores various aspects of these publications, including thematic prevalence, framing techniques, symbolic representation, tone, and the portrayal of religion and faith. Using both qualitative and quantitative approaches, along with content analysis, this study applies Ninian Smart's Seven Dimensions of Religion as its primary theoretical and methodological framework. Key findings highlight recurring themes of ethics, social justice, and community solidarity, alongside the use of persuasive language and rhetorical techniques such as repetition, symbolism, and imagery. The magazines portray religion as a source of guidance and compassion, with ethical and social themes (64.5%) prominently featuring topics like proper conduct, human rights, women's rights, Islamic law, social issues, and community relations. Overall, the positive tone of the publications underscores the role of Islamic magazines in fostering community cohesion and influencing public discourse within Kashmir. This study is of notable relevance for religious practitioners and offers valuable insights for government agencies aiming to engage with Islamic organizations in the region, promoting collaborative approaches to address community needs and inform policy development.

The structuring of the virtual universe is considered in the context of the formation of the global information space as the separation of a part of the noosphere. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is based on the noospheric theory of V.I. Vernadsky and the wave concept of civilization of E. Toffler. A set of methods is used: structural analysis; systematization; modeling; case study. Based on the results of the study, it is concluded that the metaverse is an info-noospheric formation, which, as a result of seamless simulation, acquires a spatial form, implements social practices in its disposition and, on this basis, builds the social structure of the modern neo-information society. The metaverse is becoming an increasingly expanding subform of social space (within its generic category), harmoniously integrating the socio-cultural and media levels, causing their significant syncretism. The metaverse is considered as the highest level of implementation of transmedia extensions, ensuring subordination to media processes both in online and offline modes. The metaverse has a complex structure, accumulating differentiated platforms that are united into ecosystems (digital), determining platform capitalism, as holders of which is the digital elite.

An in-depth analysis was carried out of rhetorical approaches to the translation of the speech of King Abdullah bin Hussein of Jordan in order to identify social and humanitarian values in his speeches. The relevance of the research lies in emphasizing the importance of preserving authenticity in translation, taking into account cultural and ideological aspects, as well as the role of critical analysis of the discursive approach in understanding and transmitting values. The analysis methodology chosen by the authors of the study is complex and includes Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), structural linguistic and rhetorical analysis, as well as comparative analysis of translations from Arabic into English. The methodology is applied in three stages: the selection of the corpus, analysis and evaluation of the effectiveness of translations. The empirical basis of the study was five texts of speeches by King Abdullah II, reflecting the social and humanitarian values of the reigning monarch. The results of the analysis reflect the humanistic orientation of the original texts, preserving concepts such as justice, responsibility, hope, solidarity, despite the fact that sometimes there is a discrepancy from the exact correspondence to the original. The authors of the article emphasize that despite this, the translations convey the monarch’s basic ideas about the importance of a world without violence, solidarity, justice and responsibility. The researchers emphasize the need to take into account cultural and ideological factors in translation in order to convey a more accurate meaning and an appropriate image of King Abdullah bin Hussein of Jordan.

The research discusses issues of virtualization and mythologization of consciousness. The author adheres to the point of view that the virtualization of culture acts as a catalyst for mythological consciousness, encouraging it to manifest itself. However, the mythologization of consciousness is not an inevitable consequence of virtualization. Describing the virtualization of consciousness in an exclusively negative way creates the false impression that it can and should be abolished. Whereas the philosophical task is to understand the transformations occurring with modern man. The notion «virtualization» is now controversial and is often used as a metaphor. The author makes clear the conceptual meanings with which the concept of virtualization is associated in various philosophical, sociological and cultural models: computerization, informatization, game, and simulation. Only when virtualization is understood as a simulation, a clear semantic connection does arise between virtualization and the mythologization of consciousness. The essential features of Homo virtualis - variability of identification, “loss” of the real body, transformation of the experience of time, determine the characteristics of virtualized consciousness and create prerequisites, but do not predetermine the mythologization of consciousness. This occurs when consciousness ceases to grasp the difference between a sign and its referent, an image and a thing. This transition, without being predetermined, still occurs quite easily due to the similarity between mythological and network space/time/logic. Thus, mythological and network spaces are built from the center; these are inhomogeneous spaces. Mythological time and network time are cyclical and reversible. The logic of myth and network (virtual) reality is the logic of the miracle, the logic of wish fulfillment.

This study examines the social responsibility of the media in combating sports fanaticism and promoting sportsmanship, focusing on its role in shaping public awareness. Football, as a globally popular sport, attracts passionate fans, whose safety and security are crucial. The research highlights that sports fanaticism poses a threat to societal security. While media can play an essential role in addressing this issue, it can also contribute to spreading fanaticism. The study underscores the need for regulations on media coverage and emphasizes the importance of raising awareness about the media's role in promoting socialization and education.

Humankind has always coexisted with other species: its mimetic features and abilities, which include science and art, as well as the graphical user interface that appears at their intersection, express empathy, understanding, premonition, receptivity and adaptation to the complex dynamics of other species, to being among them. At the same time, the interface is considered exclusively as an “anthropological machine,” i.e. as a technical and symbolic representation of the idea of the “absence” of “nature” in man, creating conditions for rupture and isolation with the original factors of mimesis, stirs the need to compensate nature, hypostasis, fantasmatize, stigmatize, etc. — i.e., to think of the experience of nature in terms of a collision with a monster or catastrophe, and to expect salvation from AI, artificial intelligence. Therefore, in order to adequately think through and evaluate interfaces, it is necessary to return to the most “natural” intelligence — mimesis, autopoiesis, biophilia, live communication — it is necessary to give a word to nature, i.e., to take into account the experience of non-human beings, animals, their behavior, communication, dynamics, everything that was considered in the exclusively functional assessment of interfaces rather, “noises,” “interference”. In fact, in order for the interface to express our characteristics, take into account certain aspects of character and behavior, and give us a sense of attention and care, it is necessary that it interact not so much with “pure consciousness” as with our physicality, responding to existential patterns, “deep time” enclosed in our physicality by evolutionary processes, pre-predictive ways of our presence and orientation in reality. We need not only linguistic, neural network, large, etc. data, but also “live” data — for this purpose, the article examines and analyzes the experiences of interaction with animals in interfaces, the features of biophilic information and animalistic design, the participation of animals in the design of interface shells as living environments.

The article is devoted to the consideration of the images of I. Stalin and A. Hitler in historical memory. The construction of ideas about the past is based on the possibilities of media, which in the digital age are becoming limitless. With the help of media, images of the past are integrated into the agenda and actualized in the mass consciousness, and personalized figures of history are most in demand. The historical memory of modern society is largely formed on the basis of ideas about the events and heroes of the 20th century, which include the history of totalitarian regimes and the Second World War. The authors put two key figures of the last century with contradictory historical reputations at the center of their research. The article shows the importance of I. Stalin and A. Hitler for historical memory on the basis of available sociological research data. A corpus analysis of the tonality of news reports mentioning these historical figures allowed us to present the proportions of positive and negative use of their names in foreign media publications. Quantitative data made it possible to compare attitudes towards Stalin and Hitler in English-language information resources and explain certain trends in the dynamics of their representation by the nature of the news content. The study of Internet users’ search queries allowed us to supplement the idea of the directions of constructing images of the Soviet leader and the Nazi Fuhrer in historical memory. The data obtained demonstrate the high interest of the world community in ambiguous historical figures. Their images have become part of popular culture, they are used in political struggle and entertainment network discourse, which leaves an imprint on the formation of ideas about them in the media environment. The use of quantitative analysis data to study the images of I. Stalin and A. Hitler makes it possible to determine their place in the historical memory of the modern global community.

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic, which led to an urgent public health problem, is a biological disaster that had a global impact. This study aimed to examine the views of the nurses on the "superhero" discourse in the media in this disaster.Methods: The phenomenological research method, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the study. The research was carried out between February – April 2022 with 23 nurses working in intensive care clinics.Results: In this study, the views of nurses who worked in the intensive care unit during the COVID-19 pandemic on the "superhero" discourse in the media were investigated under the themes of rise of heroism (being noticed, heroic discourse for higher efficiency, forced hero) invisibility of heroism (invisibility before the pandemic, invisibility during the pandemic) and death of heroism (the applause, I'm real… not a toy) . The findings of the study revealed that the contribution of nursing to the health system is a little more visible in crisis conditions such as pandemic.Conclusion: The visibility that emerges as "heroism" or "superheroism", the vulnerability of nurses as human beings is ignored. This “professional invisibility and heroic visibility” emerges as a paradox, and nursing either becomes “invisible” as a profession or the needs of nurses for “material and moral support” as heroes can be ignored. During crisis periods such as pandemic, the vulnerability of nurses resulting from heavy working conditions should be taken into account and nurses should be supported physically, financially and morally.

Abstract Background Future emergencies from climate degradation or diseases are likely, prompting ongoing investment in emergency readiness and learning from country responses. South Africa’s healthcare system, divided into public and private sectors, required a coordinated, intersectoral response to the COVID-19 pandemic. A coordinated action that the South African government took was adapting competition regulations. The South African Department of Trade, Industry and Competition on 19 March 2020, published a block exemption (easing of competition rules) for healthcare to promote standardization of practices across the health sector and facilitate agreements between the National Department of Health and the private sector to ensure adequate service delivery to all South Africans. Methods We assessed how much coverage the block exemption for healthcare received in the media and if the scope included details of what the exemption meant, how stakeholders and the public could use it, and the resulting public sentiment. We conducted a media content analysis to select, screen and assess the media material. Online and social-media articles in the public domain from 19 March 2020 to 19 March 2021, in English were considered. Results We analysed 22 online media articles that matched our inclusion criteria. Twenty of these reflected a positive sentiment, and two were negative. Media reported on the COVID-19 block exemption in healthcare only in the first three months of our study period. The articles primarily communicated what the block exemption meant, focusing on allowing collaboration, the purpose of the exemption, the activities granted under the exemption and the actors to whom it applied. It’s estimated that these media articles could have been read by up to 432,003 people out of a total population of just under 43 million people over the age of 15 years. Conclusion In times of crisis, the media has a significant responsibility to provide accurate information to the public. However, the accuracy and reliability of such information depends on the quality of official sources on which the media relies. Our research shows that very few media reports were available about the block exemption for healthcare. While the government implemented the exemption, it did not communicate its purpose directly to the public. Our research highlights the need for better communication between policymakers and the media.

Background: Wastewater treatment is a critical environmental challenge, and moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) technology is an effective solution. The selection of appropriate biofilm media significantly impacts treatment efficiency, particularly in terms of organic matter and nutrient removal. This study aims to optimize media selection for MBBR systems to improve wastewater treatment. Methods: Three biofilm media types-K3, MB3, and K5-were evaluated based on key properties such as specific surface area (SSA), porosity, buoyancy, and economic feasibility. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was employed to assess and prioritize these criteria. Expert Choice software facilitated the analysis, followed by a laboratory-scale investigation to assess pollutant removal efficiency. Results: K5 media outperformed K3 and MB3 in terms of nitrogen removal (90%), chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction (90%), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) elimination (95%), and TSS removal (89%). K5 also demonstrated superior efficiency in pollutant removal while maintaining consistent pH regulation. K3 and MB3 displayed relatively lower performance, especially in nitrogen and COD removal. Conclusion: The study confirms that K5 media, selected using the AHP method, provides the highest treatment efficiency in MBBR systems. The AHP-based media selection process enhances the decision-making process, ensuring that economic and performance factors are adequately considered. Future studies should focus on scaling up the MBBR system with K5 media to further evaluate its long-term performance in real-world conditions.

The early connection children form with nature is vital in fostering positive attitudes towards the environment. Television plays a significant role in shaping these attitudes, yet the inclusion of environmental messaging in children’s programs remains unexplored. This study investigates the extent of conservation messages and nature portrayals on Australian free-to-air children’s television. A mixed-methods approach was employed, analysing all programs airing on ABC Kids, a network aimed at children aged two to six years old, over a seven-day period. Phase 1 involved summarising program descriptions, types, styles, moral themes, and durations. Phase 2 entailed viewing all episodes and noting environmental representations, which were then analysed using content analysis. Only 14.3% of programs (10/70), representing 10.3% of airtime (481/4652 min), included an ‘Environmental Experiences’ moral theme. Content analysis revealed six distinct themes in environmental representations, with more positive than negative messages. These messages were predominantly implicit, conveyed through character dialogue and imagery. Environmental moments represented a balance of flora and fauna but were largely not fact-based. This study suggests a need for increased airtime for environmentally focused programs and more consideration of current environmental issues. Producers are encouraged to include more positive environmental morals and align themes with children’s learning styles to enhance their connection to and understanding of environmental issues.

The rise and widespread use of generative AI technologies, including ChatGPT, Claude, Synthesia, DALL-E, Gemini, Meta AI, and others, have raised fresh concerns in journalism practice. While the development represents a source of hope and optimism for some practitioners, including journalists and editors, others express a cautious outlook given the possibilities of its misuse. By leveraging the Google News aggregator service, this research conducts a content and thematic analysis of Africa-focused journalistic articles that touch on the impacts of artificial intelligence technology in journalism practice. Findings indicate that, while the coverage is predominantly positive, the tone of the articles reflects a news industry cautiously navigating the integration of AI. Ethical concerns regarding AI use in journalism were frequently highlighted, which indicates significant apprehension on the part of the news outlets. A close assessment of views presented in a smaller portion of the reviewed articles revealed a sense of unease around the conversation of power in the hands of tech giants. The impact of AI on the financial stability of media outlets was framed as minimal at present, suggesting a neutral, wait-and-see position of news outlets. Our analysis of predominantly quoted sources in the articles revealed that industry professionals and technology experts emerge as the most vocal voices shaping the narrative around AI’s practical applications and technical capabilities in the continent.

This article explores the conversion of epic literature into media texts, focusing on the Armenian epic as a case study. It identifies the factors influencing the substantive, formal, and value-based transformations of the original text through the lens of the animated film "The Daredevils of Sassoun." This choice is motivated by the fact that the film is one of only two feature-length animated productions from Armenia and stands as one of the most renowned and cherished works of the Armenian people. The Armenian epic has also found expression in visual, monumental, and musical arts, having been adapted by Armenian writers. Through a comparative analysis of various versions of the epic and its screen adaptation, the authors conclude that the animated version constitutes an autonomous work that, in several respects, falls short of its folkloric counterparts. On one hand, the synthesis of economic and technological factors negatively impacts the screen representation of the original text, rendering the media text more static and banal. On the other hand, ideological aspects combined with academic approaches complicate the content of the media text. The animated adaptation of the epic, as a polycode text, integrates historical and mythological concepts within its frames, uniting archaic, pagan, and Christian worldviews.

The formation of political identity of contemporary Russian youth is a dynamic socialization process involving constant communication with various actors and reassessment of norms and beliefs in political and cultural media discourse. Using the methods of actor-network theory, we can better understand how individual groups, accounts construct political identity through cultural narratives and practices by means of their affordances. Such properties of actors build trust in them in the case of discursive coincidences and common frames of self-identity within the network. By examining the practices of actors and the effects of their affordances in political socialization, we can understand how these processes shape the collective beliefs and the practices of young people that follow.The purpose of the article is to identify the sources of political socialization of student youth as actors by examining the trust mechanisms that contribute to successive processes of socialization formation.Methods of survey, focus groups, text analysis, actor-network theory methods, and Python, Gephi, and Google Excel programs were applied to map and represent the results.The study analyzed essays, surveys, and interviews (300 students in total) in order to qualitatively identify actors that influence the political socialization of young people. These actors include official cultural policies, family, school, media and social networks, church, society, political leaders and bloggers. The research allowed us to identify the most stable cognitive, affective and practical components of these actors’ discourses, emphasizing the special significance of cultural and historical facts in the formation of political identity.The process of political socialization begins in childhood and continues in the following stages of personal development, always intertwined with one or another social reflection, forming a coherent picture of the world. Young people trust information supported by facts and consistent with their worldview; young people are influenced by parents, official sources and bloggers. In the political sphere, young people are interested in political leaders, elections, the work of government bodies, and the influence of politics on areas of life such as culture and ecology.The analysis conducted in the optics of ANT has revealed the mechanisms of how student youth are influenced by various actors and how this influence shapes their political beliefs and behavior. The study emphasizes the importance of constant communication for the formation of youth political identity through the influence of various actors in media discourse.

Abstract Background We examined the associations between screen time and adolescent obesity and the associations of reallocating screen time to other activities using isotemporal substitution models. Understanding the association between screen time and obesity may provide additional insights into effective obesity prevention strategies in adolescents. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 5,180 adolescents (4th and 7th grade students) from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey 2018. Participants reported their height, weight, and average time spent watching television, using computer, using smartphone, and other after-school activities. Obesity was defined as BMI-for-age and -sex ≥ 95th percentile based on the 2017 Korean National Growth Charts. We performed multivariable logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between screen time and obesity prevalence, adjusting for potential confounders. Results Prolonged smartphone use (≥ 180 vs.

This article analyses strategies of electoral manipulation employed by the regime of Recep Tayyip ErdoÄan in Turkey. Three long-term methods and three short-term methods are examined, the former being unequal access to resources, media and law, and the latter being election fraud, intimidation of opposition, and vote buying. The text argues that the Turkish government employs primarily long-term strategies, but short-term ones are also present and thus should not be ignored. State resources are being siphoned to municipalities controlled by AKP and regime-friendly businessmen who then provide donations and other favors for the party. State media and media regulators came under the regimeâs control, resulting in minimal coverage of the opposition in both public and most private media outlets. The takeover of the judiciary and vague definitions in the Anti-Terror law and other laws were used to suppress opposition politicians and journalists. It also allowed the regime to take control of bodies overseeing elections, leading to malpractice. Intimidation of opposition had a form of both legal prosecution and physical attacks and focused primarily on pro-Kurdish parties. Vote buying in Turkey seems mainly to be a form of rewarding voters of the ruling party, not an attempt to persuade swing voters.

Abstract The purpose of this research is to analyze the impact of effectiveness of media (Radio and TV) advertisement on the extent of consumers’ urge to consume national commodities. This research is applicable in terms of purpose, and is a descriptive-survey research in terms of nature, which has been conducted as a field work. Statistical population of the research is the population of Mashhad city. Using Cochran formula, 384 people were selected as the statistical sample. In order to gather data, a researcher-made questionnaire with 61 questions was used. Content validity of the questionnaire was approved by 15 academic and practitioner experts in the field of advertisement and media. The reliability of the questionnaire according to Cronbach's alpha was 0.824. Also, SPSS and SPLS applications were used to analyze data. Results of the research indicate that effectiveness of media advertisement positively and in a meaningful manner affects consumers’ urge to consume national commodities. Extended Abstract Introduction The economic sector in Iran is particularly vulnerable compared to other fields, largely because of the country’s reliance on oil revenues and imports. Consequently, adversaries have recognized that economic sanctions against Iran could more effectively achieve their objectives (Motaqi & Motaqi, 2013). While many studies have explored resistance economy, consumption patterns, and specifically domestic product consumption, there has been little significant action to enhance and cultivate the purchase of domestic products through effective and targeted media advertising. Since one of the roles of mass media is commercial advertising, it is expected to raise public awareness, assist in decision-making, foster healthy competition among producers, and facilitate economic activity (Salhi & García-Villoria, 2015; Prieler et al., 2015). Media plays a vital role in advertising, cultural, and supervisory functions by creating a mental framework for accepting the necessity of reform and revising the allocation and distribution of resources and income (Hayek, 2015). Thus, there is a significant need for a coherent and coordinated advertising system that can effectively communicate and attract consumers to domestic products through different official and unofficial media channels. This study specifically explores the promotion of domestic product consumption through media advertising, aiming to determine whether the effectiveness of media advertising (Radio and Television) significantly influences consumer inclination towards domestic products. Theoretical Framework: Effective advertising is defined by its ability to attract the audience’s attention, create memorable effect, stimulate purchasing actions, and awaken the audience’s sensory reception (Rejón-Guardia et al., 2016). Because of cultural, political, social, and other contextual differences, advertising in Iran differs from that in other parts of the world. As a result, internal and localized influencing factors must be considered to determine its effectiveness. Two perspectives on consumer attitudes towards domestic versus foreign products exist: 1) Rational Processing Model: Consumers evaluate and select products based on rational processes. 2) Emotional Processing Model: This perspective suggests that product choice is influenced by emotional factors. For instance, factors like quality, price, accessibility, after-sales service, and availability of spare parts for domestic products are cognitive factors that drive inclination towards domestic goods. On the other hand, emotional factors such as national loyalty and ethical opposition to foreign products also play a role (Maison & Maliszewski, 2016; Zeugner-Roth, 2015). Motiee (2023) identified "national and organizational consensus," "geographical requirements," and "economic growth" as key features supporting domestic production, achievable with institutional support such as from Radio and Television. HajialiAkbari & Sadighian (2019) found that quality, price, product functionality, packaging, post-purchase regret, design, and warranty are the most significant factors affecting consumer decision-making for domestic products. Methodology: This research is applicable in terms of purpose, and descriptive-correlative in terms of data collection. The statistical population consists of Mashhad residents. According to the 2016 census, the population of Mashhad was 3,001,184, forming the research population. A sample size of 384 was determined using the Cochran formula. The measurement tool was a researcher-made 44-item questionnaire for assessing media advertising effectiveness, and a 17-item questionnaire for evaluating factors affecting consumer inclination towards domestic goods, based on a Likert scale with five options. Data analysis was performed using SPSS and SPLS software, employing descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics were used to investigate the respondents' demographic characteristics, and inferential statistics, structural equation, and path analysis were used to analyze data and test hypothesis. Findings: The main hypothesis showed that media advertising effectiveness (Radio and Television) has a path coefficient of 0.781 on consumer inclination towards domestic goods consumption. Thus, with 95% confidence, it can be stated that media advertising effectiveness significantly impacts consumer inclination towards domestic goods. Other secondary hypotheses were also confirmed, with path coefficients for various roles including: information features (0.594), advertising selection activities (0.506), advertising ranking (0.591), advertising engagement (0.623), advertising tools and visual methods (0.523), emotional features (0.498), motivational dimensions (0.522), overall advertisement viewing (0.618), internal vs. external product evaluation (0.642), consumer nationalism (0.705), and preference for domestic vs. foreign products (0.603). Discussion and Conclusion: The results indicate that media advertising effectiveness has a positive and significant effect on consumer inclination towards domestic products. This finding aligns with Hamidizadeh & Nourian (2013) regarding the impact of television advertising on customer attraction. The study’s results are consistent with research by Naghdi et al., (2023), Motiee (2023), Bashokouh et al., (2023), and Sanaeimehr et al., (2021). Among the factors affecting advertising effectiveness, advertising engagement had the highest impact. This is because engagement directly addresses the mental involvement of the audience, leading rationally to higher effectiveness compared to other factors. Despite Roshandel Arbatani et al., (2010) not addressing the importance of identified metrics, this study clarifies their significance, with engagement, overall ad viewing, information features, ad ranking, advertising tools, and emotional characteristics being of notable importance. The position of emotional features in this study supports findings by Samsamshariatmm et al., (2007). Regarding factors influencing consumer inclination towards domestic products, the study aligns with research by Motiee (2023), Naghdi et al., (2023), Amiri et al., (2022), Haghighi & Hosseinzadeh (2010), Vadhanavisala (2015), and Maison & Maliszewski (2016), highlighting consumer nationalism as a crucial factor. The study suggests that Radio and Television should create various programs to emphasize domestic product consumption, thereby altering consumer preferences. Media should leverage advertising for Iranian products, prominently featuring them in visual content, series, and films to instill the value of domestic production. Emphasizing the benefits and advantages of domestic products and avoiding unnecessary advertising content should be prioritized. Advertising should be diverse and avoid repetition, and a culture of quality focus among domestic producers should be promoted.

The present study argues the relationship between the media’s power and the reconstruction of subjectivity in Zubaida’s Window, a novel by Iqbal Al-Qazwini. It is a description of the tortured psyche of the exiled woman and her attempts to reconstruct her displaced subjectivity among different versions of media’s Baudrillardian simulacra and to distinguish reality from unreality. Media’s depictions of death and war’s destruction can generate xenophobia among natives who may blame immigrants for their social problems and disturbing spatial harmony. Qazwini re-emphasizes that xenophobia can destroy an immigrant’s self-perception and trigger the preference for death. Moreover, the hyperreal versions of truth and ignoring the subaltern’s voice and revelation affect an immigrant’s mentality negatively and persuade her/him to prefer loneliness and death to have social interactions. This article focuses on the significance of media in the reconstruction of subjectivity, intensification of anti-immigration views, and the dark sides of modern war based on the interrelated theories of David Miller and Derek Gregory. Considering the issues of compulsory displacement and territoriality, Miller focuses on the ethical/political dimensions, while Gregory examines the causes of armed conflicts and geopolitical factors. By applying such an interdisciplinary approach, the researchers investigate Zubaida’s mental downfall, her failure in the reconstruction of subjectivity, and her inability to reconcile different self-images. This article examines her ceaseless effort to reverse the colonial power of media by adhering to her homeland’s memories, or watching her country’s news through TV’s representation, or ignoring spatial interactions, and lack of interest in self-renovation.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) fundamentally changes journalism, yet a comprehensive understanding of its impact is limited. This study presents the first systematic review to thoroughly analyze the influence of AI on journalistic practices, news narratives, and emerging ethical challenges. A rigorous analysis of 127 studies selected from 2478 original articles reveals trends in AI adoption in newsrooms, changes in journalists’ roles, innovations in news presentation, and emerging ethical implications. The key findings show a significant increase in the use of AI for news writing automation (73% of news organizations), data analysis (68%), and content personalization (62%). While AI improves efficiency and accuracy, 42% of studies reported concerns about reduced levels of nuance and context in AI-generated news. We also identified the emergence of hybrid “journalist–programmer” roles (52% of studies) and the need for “AI literacy” among journalists (38% of studies). The most prominent ethical challenges include algorithm transparency (82% of studies), data privacy (76%), and accountability relative to AI content (71%). Regional analysis reveals significant gaps in AI adoption, with important implications for global information equity. This review highlights the ongoing transformation in journalism, identifies critical gaps in current research, and offers an agenda for future investigation. Our findings provide valuable insights for media practitioners, policymakers, and researchers seeking to understand and shape the future of journalism in the age of AI.

Information disorder constitutes a critical threat to the public sphere, posing significant challenges and negatively affecting society, public trust, and overall democratic stability. This article investigates the phenomenon of online mis- and disinformation in Cyprus, drawing on people’s perceptions of this topic as well as the characteristics that enable disinformation campaigns to go viral. The study explores news consumption habits, people’s concerns about the impact of online disinformation, exposure to false or misleading content, common sources, verification methods, and media literacy. Furthermore, the study aims to shed light on the phenomenon of online mis- and disinformation in Cyprus and identify users’ perspectives.

Infographics are used to display information in a visual form with a graphic component, and have become widespread due to the convergence of the media space, which has transformed the processes of collecting, processing, broadcasting, and, most importantly, presenting information. The purpose of the article is to consider infographics as a media format for self-presentation of an organisation, as a tool for managing its image. The conducted analysis allows us to show a classification of the infographics according to the following criteria: display method, data type, purpose, presentation format, presence of interactivity, and time perspective. The functionality of the infographics is quite wide: these are functions, such as cognitive, analytical, factual, instructive, argumentative, ascertaining, attractive, expressive, aesthetic, identification, decorative, etc. However, some functions are still not sufficiently disclosed. The article examines the function of presenting the infographics in the media space and, based on a rapid survey, shows its importance in terms of informing the audience about the content of the organisation’s activities, revealing the viral potential of the infographics and its impact on the positive perception of the audience. This all points to the possibility of using the infographics as a media format for self-presentation of an organisation in various target communities, as an effective tool for managing image perception.

Abstract This study evaluates the impact of video-based approaches on health education. PUBMED, Web of Science, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and LILACS databases were searched from their inception until November 2022. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized studies on interventions were included in this review. Studies were grouped according to their reported learning outcomes. A random effects meta-analysis was performed. Meta-regression analyses were used to explore the effects of confounding variables on the overall estimates. Forty studies were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that video-based learning (VBL) has a significant effect on ‘knowledge acquisition’ in dentistry (Cohen’s d = 2.18), moderate effect in medicine (Cohen’s d = 0.67); moderate effect on ‘skills development’ in medicine (Cohen’s d = 0.76) and nursing (Cohen’s d = 0.59); overall moderate effect on ‘attitude’ (Cohen’s d = 0.74). Egger’s test was performed to assess potential publication bias. VBL offers a valuable educational tool for knowledge acquisition, skill development, and attitude changes in health education. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are also discussed. To strengthen the evidence base, future research should address the limitations found, such as the high risk of bias (RoB), and employ rigorous study designs when investigating the role of multimedia learning in various academic disciplines.

International organizations and numerous countries worldwide have implemented punitive measures, often in the form of sanctions, to express disapproval of certain events within a country or to compel change. A significant body of scholarly work has focused on these sanctions, particularly when imposed on countries outside of Africa, and how the media frames these actions. In various crisis situations, news framing and agenda-setting by the media have shown enormous effect on consumers’ view of the crisis. This study investigates how media in Africa frames sanctions imposed on African countries, specifically examining printed media in Zimbabwe, Mali, and Niger Republic regarding political and economic sanctions imposed on these countries. Employing the framing and agenda setting theories, the study analysed 204 sanction-related headlines (Zimbabwe - 104, Mali - 70 and Niger - 30) from five media outlets with online presence in each country. A multi-stage sampling technique was employed. In the initial stage, purposive sampling technique was utilized to choose print newspapers with online presence. In the second stage, the researcher utilized the search functionality on the newspapers' websites to identify headlines using the keywords “sanction” and “sanctions”. Quantitative content analysis was employed to analyse the data. Findings showed that a generic framing approach is widely used in the three countries. Further analysis reveals that the responsibility and conflict frames consistently dominate in all three countries. The study also finds a positive agenda-setting tone to be dominant in Zimbabwe. Conversely, both Mali and Niger Republic exhibit a dominant negative agenda-setting tone.

The article deals with the mechanism of functioning of the institute of churchwardens in the Orthodox temples of Ekaterinburg in the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries, including the study of the main directions of the activities of churchwardens. Particular attention is paid to the efforts of church headmen, aimed at solving economic problems of churches and their supply of icons, various necessary utensils, clothing for the clergy. In addition, their activities to improve the property status of the clergy, the creation and maintenance of church choirs, and the decoration of churches during the most significant church festivals are studied. The author also examines the participation of churchwardens in the life of church parishes, their role in organizing charitable assistance to the parish poor, as well as their activities in organizing and maintaining parochial schools and literacy schools. The article attempts to establish the number of townspeople who held the posts of churchwardens in the Orthodox churches of Ekaterinburg in the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries, analyses the class composition of Ekaterinburg residents elected to the posts of churchwardens and concludes that parishioners mainly delegated wealthy townspeople, most often representatives of the merchant class, to this post. In addition, the noblemen, peasants and burghers elected to the posts of headmen, as a rule, were directly related to business. In rare cases, members of the intelligentsia and bureaucracy became headmen. The article notes that effective and useful activity of church headmen brought them the gratitude of parishioners, as well as gave them the opportunity to receive various church and state awards, including orders and medals. The research was carried out with the involvement of various sources, with the main emphasis on the use of information contained in the mass media. For this purpose, both religious (Perm and Ekaterinburg Diocesan Gazette) and secular (“Ekaterinburg Week”, “Trans-Ural Region”, “The Urals”, “Ural Life”) newspapers were used.

Introduction: Trauma manifests in a variety of ways and disrupts the lives of individuals. This is particularly the case in an age when communication technologies are permeating everyday practices, and mass media is an essential means of communication. A review of the international literature on disasters reveals that the measurement tools used in the research on the association between Secondary Traumatic Stress (STS) and the media are limited. Aims: The main aim of this study is to measure the STS levels in the audience of the media content regarding the Kahramanmaras-centered earthquake and to examine the factors associated with it. Methods: First, a measurement tool on the subject was developed, and then its psychometric properties were investigated. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, validity, and reliability analyses were conducted throughout the studies (N = 30 for Study I; N = 265 for Study II; N = 283 for Study III). Results: A 17-item, four-factor (intrusion, anxiety, media distrust, and avoidance), valid and reliable scale was created. Moreover, depression was found to have a partial mediating effect on the significant relationship between media exposure related STS and psychological well-being (β = –.22, SE = .027, 95% CI [–.25, –.19]). Conclusions: The results revealed the multi-dimensional impact of STS on people indirectly exposed to trauma as well as the uniqueness of the scale.

This experimental study examined techniques of subtitling for the deaf and hard-of-hearing (SDH) from the point of viewers’ content comprehension and image recognition. Three groups of deaf and hard of hearing people (n = 78) participated in the study. The research focused on four parameters: speed of subtitles, speaker identification, emotion and sound indication. By selecting three usual techniques for each parameter, three subtitled versions of a movie were produced. Each group of participants watched one of the subtitled versions and comprehension and freeze-frame tests were employed to examine participants’ reception. Based on the results, except for the image recognition, there were significant differences among the techniques in terms of participants’ content comprehension. As for the techniques of speaker identification, color-coding caused significantly better content comprehension scores than tagging. Concerning sound comprehension, the three techniques were not significantly different from one another in terms of viewers’ content comprehension. Regarding emotion comprehension, the absence of information and emoticons helped the participants comprehend characters’ tone and mood better than emotion descriptions.

The article deals with the techniques and means of polycodeness realization in print and electronic media texts. The purpose of the study is to describe various techniques and means of polycodeness as creativity manifestation in modern media texts. The new research material, introduced into scientific field, has been analyzed within the framework of an up-to-date linguacreative aspect. As a result, the structural and functional specificity of various types of polycodeness was revealed. The research material shows the peculiarities graphic means of polycodeness functioning: monografication (hyphenation, parenthesis, use of punctuation marks), capitalization, polygrafixation, codografixation, drawing. The following functions of non-graphic means of polycodeness, namely colour highlights, photographic images, are revealed, including the actualization of ambivalence in reading the text and focusing on the content of the publication. The cases of complex use of polycodeness means are described. Complex means of polycodeness are represented by combinations of codografixation and colour selection, monografixation and capitalization, capitalization and polygrafixation, font and photo images selection, colour and photo images selection. The textual positions of the polycode facts are determined: heading complexes, advertising slogans. The headlines and slogans with polycodeness manifestations are shown to have some creative and attractive potential and can serve as an effective factor in the text expressivity intensification in various fields of communication. The analysis results indicate the universal nature of graphic and non-graphic means of polycodeness used in thematically heterogeneous publications.

Actions such as the publication of the mass killing of journalists and the arrest of a large number of nationals of countries joining terrorist organizations and groups confirm the growing spread of ideas and recruitment of human resources in social media by terrorists. The proliferation of terrorist organizations using social media creates new challenges for online platforms, policymakers, and governments. Additionally, the popularity of social media around the world provides a huge potential audience for framing terrorist action. Unfortunately, due to the non-cooperation of the governments, control measures and police surveillance of the Internet and consequently virtual social media have failed. Therefore, the use of social media by terrorist groups is a new challenge for anti-terrorist mechanisms. Therefore, to deal with and prevent terrorist crimes in cyberspace in the form of social networks, it is necessary for international organizations, especially the United Nations and affiliated institutions, while making legal policies, to call on governments to support this matter so that the possibility of violating international peace and security. Due to the movements of terrorist groups in social networks are suppressed and pursued through international forums

In an attempt to explain “who, how and why comes to terrorism?”, the research hypothesis that radicalisation is a predictor of terrorism emerged at the beginning of the 21st century. From this moment, the formation of a new scientific research direction on the phenomenon of radicalisation began and dynamically developing interdisciplinary field of study in the second decade of the 2 st century. The article presents the results of radicalisation research current state scientometric analysis the in the Russian and foreign research field, identifies trends and directions, outlines the opportunities and limitations of the development of scientific direction in Russia. The choice of the time period for the analysis (2014-2023) is due to the fact that the second decade of radicalisation research is the most active and productive. In Russia, radicalisation studies appeared only in this period. Based on the results of quantitative and qualitative analysis of Russian and foreign publications, the specific characteristics of the research current state are outlined. The key conclusion is that in the study of radicalisation, Russian researchers lag behind by at least a decade, the reasons for the lag and opportunities for the development of scientific direction in Russia are outlined.

Media emotion regulation has been defined as parents’ use of media to regulate their children's emotions in early childhood. The purpose of this review is to investigate the predictors of media emotion regulation and its consequences on children's socioemotional development. As predictors of media emotion regulation, parental education level, parental media use, and the child’s temperament were examined. It was observed that parents with low levels of education and higher personal media use more frequently offer their children media emotion regulation than other parents. The relationships between children’s temperamental domains of negative affect and extraversion/surgency and media emotion regulation have been shown as positive, while the relationship between effortful control and media emotion regulation has been displayed as negative. As for the consequences of media emotion regulation on children's socioemotional development, children’s problematic media use, emotional knowledge, and empathy were examined. The relationship between media emotion regulation and problematic media use was displayed as positive; children who frequently experienced media emotion regulation had increased problematic media use. Also, it was shown that media emotion regulation has a negative role in children's emotional knowledge. As children's experience with media emotion regulation increased, their emotional knowledge decreased. Lastly, in the relationship between media emotion regulation and empathy, both positive and negative findings were observed and variables that may influence this relationship were discussed. This study contributes significantly to understanding the conditions under which children more frequently experience media emotion regulation and the role of this experience on children's socioemotional developmentAs the consequences of media emotion regulation on children’s socio-emotional development, children's problematic media use, emotional knowledge, and empathy have been explored. There is a positive relationship between media emotion regulation and problematic media use. As media emotion regulation increases, children's emotional knowledge decreases. Finally, in the relationship between media emotion regulation and empathy, both positive and negative outcomes have been found, suggesting that media content and how children perceive media emotion regulation may influence this relationship. This study offers a significant contribution by exploring the conditions under which children more frequently experience media emotion regulation and its role in children's socio-emotional development.

The Ustadz Hannan Attaki Bai'at controversy by Kiai Marzuki was chosen as the focus of research because it attracted public attention and gave rise to various points of view. Bai'at was carried out on the sidelines of predecessor's birthday. Ahmad Noer, KH. Mustamar and KH. Murtadho Amin at the Sabilurrosyad Malang Islamic Boarding School generally contained five points. These include the oath of allegiance to the Republic of Indonesia and Nahdlatul Ulama. This research aims to analyze the news about the Bai'at controversy of Ustadz Hannan Attaki, who Kiai Marzuki guided at NU.Online. Through a media framing analysis approach, this research seeks to understand how the media builds issue representation and problem-solving in the context of this controversial Bai'at. The research method used is qualitative with content analysis. The analysis results show that media framing in coverage of the Bai'at Ustadz Hannan Attaki controversy by Kiai Marzuki tends to influence public understanding. At the problem definition stage, news articles tend to adopt a particular viewpoint that shapes the public's perception of Bai'at. In the problemsolving stage, news articles also offer recommendations and implications, which may influence the public's view of the controversy. This research contributes to understanding the role of the media in shaping public perceptions of controversial religious issues. The implications of this research can be used as a reference for a better understanding of media framing in a religious context and the importance of framing analysis in capturing issue representation and problemsolving in coverage.