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Objective: To assess the performance of known survival predictors and evaluate their stratification capability in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Patients and Methods: We analyzed demographic and clinical variables collected at the Mayo Clinic, Florida ALS center during the first clinical visit of 1442 (100%) patients with ALS. Results: Our cohort had a median (interquartile range [IQR]) age at diagnosis of 64.8 (57-72) years; 1350 (92%) were non-Hispanic White; and 771 (53.5%) were male. The median (IQR) diagnostic delay was 10.1 (6-18) months, body mass index was 25.4 (23-49), and forced vital capacity was 72% (52%-87%). Approximately 12% of patients tested carried a pathologic C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion. Median (IQR) ALS functional rating scale-revised score was 35 (29-40) and ALS cognitive behavioral screen score was 15 (12-17). The median (IQR) survival after diagnosis was 17.2 (9-31) months, and survival from symptom onset was 30 (20-48) months. We found that older age decreased forced vital capacity, and fast-progressing ALS functional rating scale-revised scores significantly (P

Abstract Backgrounds Physical activity is associated with many benefits in reducing cancer symptoms and treatments side effects. Yet, studies consistently show that knowledge about physical activity is under-promoted among people diagnosed with cancer. Therefore, we aimed to contribute to filling this gap by ascertaining patient and professional perspectives regarding physical activity promotion. Methods This study took place in Montreal, Canada. We conducted individual, semi-structured interviews with cancer patients who participated in a physical activity program and professionals working in the healthcare system. Participants had to be aged over 18 years, be able to communicate verbally in either English or French, and consent to an audio-recorded interview. A hybrid deductive-inductive approach to content analysis was applied to analyze interview transcripts using Dedoose and Microsoft Excel software. Results Our sample comprised 21 patients (76.2% women) and 20 professionals (80% women). We identified 24 factors (barriers, facilitators, and improvement suggestions) influencing physical activity promotion across organizational, community, and social levels. Results suggest that to improve physical activity promotion in cancer care, it is necessary to showcase exercise specialists as a healthcare resource, to champion for this change within health organizations, to develop partnerships between public and private sectors of the health and fitness industries, and to reassess social norms concerning cancer survivorship and treatment. Conclusion These findings shed light on the gaps and the bright lights in physical activity promotion for people diagnosed with cancer across numerous levels.

Abstract It has become increasingly difficult for medical practitioners to recognize illness in recent years due to the emergence of new diseases from their myriad causes on a daily basis. Due in large part to inadequate diagnostic and monitoring infrastructure, a substantial amount of illness and death are associated with lung cancer (LC). The aim of the paper is to find lung cancer early and help patients receive curative treatment. Quitting smoking or never starting is the best way to mitigate the potential for disease-related death. As a result, cutting-edge detection and monitoring technologies must be developed to enable rapid, accurate, and timely diagnosis. Fuzzy logic (FL) is one of the best approaches to modeling complex and uncertain systems; therefore, it helps us deal with these challenges. Fuzzy expert system for lung cancer [FES-LC] detection and prediction on Internet of medical things (IoMT) is employed to overcome the challenges. Hence, an enhanced adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference framework [ANF-IF] is proposed in the current research. The cloud-based application of an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system yields four risk categories: not at risk, slightly at risk, moderately at risk, and severely at risk. New methods and theoretical frameworks have made it possible to diagnose LC in its earliest stages with the help of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), which allow researchers to overcome the limitations of conventionally slow diagnostic efficiency. The proposed system exhibits a precision of 93.4%, accuracy of 95.1%, specificity of 90.6%, sensitivity of 92.8%, false positive rate of 0.22%, false negative ratio of 0.18%, and classification accuracy of 98.2%. The proposed method outperforms all methods and provides better lung cancer detection accuracy than others.

Abstract Background Patient and public involvement (PPI) has become an essential part of health research. There is a need for genuine involvement in order to ensure that research is relevant to patients. This can then improve the quality, relevance, and impact of health research, while at the same time reducing wasted research and in doing so bringing science and society closer together. Despite the increasing attention for this involvement, it is not yet common practice to report on proposed activities. An article reporting planned PPI could provide guidance and inspiration for the wider academic community in future activities. Therefore, this current article aims to describe the way in which PPI principles are incorporated in the research project called “Quality of Life in Oncology: measuring what matters for cancer patients and survivors in Europe (EUonQoL).” This project aims to develop a new set of questionnaires to enable cancer patients to assess their quality of life, entitled the EUonQoL-Kit. Methods The first step is to recruit cancer patients and their informal caregivers as co-researchers in order to train them to collaborate with the researchers. Based on their skills and preferences, they are then assigned to several of the project’s work packages. Their individual roles, tasks, and responsibilities regarding the work packages, to which they have been assigned, are evaluated and adapted when necessary. The impact of their involvement is evaluated by both the researchers and co-researchers. Discussion PPI is a complex and dynamic process. As such, the overall structure of the research may be defined while at the same time leaving room for certain aspects to be filled in later. Our research is, we believe, relevant as co-researcher involvement in such a large European project as EUonQoL is a new development.

Abstract ATGL is a key enzyme in intracellular lipolysis and plays an important role in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. ATGL is tightly regulated by a known set of protein-protein interaction partners with activating or inhibiting functions in the control of lipolysis. Here, we use deep mutational protein interaction perturbation scanning and generate comprehensive profiles of single amino acid variants that affect the interactions of ATGL with its regulatory partners: CGI-58, G0S2, PLIN1, PLIN5 and CIDEC. Twenty-three ATGL amino acid variants yield a specific interaction perturbation pattern when validated in co-immunoprecipitation experiments in mammalian cells. We identify and characterize eleven highly selective ATGL switch mutations which affect the interaction of one of the five partners without affecting the others. Switch mutations thus provide distinct interaction determinants for ATGL’s key regulatory proteins at an amino acid resolution. When we test triglyceride hydrolase activity in vitro and lipolysis in cells, the activity patterns of the ATGL switch variants trace to their protein interaction profile. In the context of structural data, the integration of variant binding and activity profiles provides insights into the regulation of lipolysis and the impact of mutations in human disease.

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death and disability globally, with ischemia and arrhythmias being critical contributors. Ischemia, due to reduced myocardial blood flow, can lead to sudden cardiac death, while arrhythmias, marked by abnormal heart rhythms, are common in the elderly. Electrocardiography (ECG) is essential for the diagnosis of these conditions. This study aims to develop a clinically interpretable diagnostic framework for ischemia and arrhythmias using key ECG fiducial features. Methods: To develop a robust ECG-based model for predicting cardiovascular diseases, we integrated data from three well-established ECG datasets: MIT-BIH Arrhythmia, European ST-T, and Fantasia. This aggregated dataset was employed to train multiple machine learning (ML) models aimed at automatically classifying heart conditions, including arrhythmia, ischemia, and healthy states. We designed a predictive framework utilizing boosting ML algorithms, enhanced by explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) techniques, to ensure high predictive performance in model interpretation. Results: The histogram gradient boosting classifier demonstrated superior classification performance, achieving an overall accuracy of 90 % in predicting heart disease based on ECG fiducial features. The model achieved area under the curve (AUC) scores of 0.99, 0.99, and 0.89 for the healthy, ischemic, and arrhythmic classes, respectively. XAI methods revealed that ECG fiducial features, such as the P-H, R-H, RR interval, QRS duration, QT interval, and ST segment, were significant diagnostic indicators for heart disease. Conclusions: This study uses machine learning and XAI models to classify arrhythmia and ischemia from ECG data, enhancing interpretability clinical diagnostics for prevention and intervention to reduce disabilities.

Food by products are good sources of phytochemicals. Phytochemicals can be extracted, using different methods and utilized in developing different foods. This research aimed to characterize the bioactive phytochemicals extracted from pomegranate peel and to examine the impact of the phytochemicals on the nutritional, physicochemical, and microbial quality of the fortified functional yogurt. In this study, ethanol, methanol, and acetone were used to characterize total phenolic, flavonoid, and anthocyanin contents and total antioxidant activity by the solvent extraction method. The ethanolic extracts showed a higher amount of total phenolic, flavonoid, anthocyanin contents and total antioxidant activity than the methanolic and acetonic extracts. The ethanolic extracts were used for the fortification of functional yogurt at 0.25 % (S1), 0.5 % (S2), and 0.75 % (S3), respectively, compared with the control (S4). Functional yogurt fortified by pomegranate peel extract contained a higher amount of total phenolic, flavonoid, anthocyanin, and antioxidant activity. The extracts also had a significant (*p ≤ 0.05) effect on lowering pH, reducing syneresis, and increasing water holding capacity, gross energy, yellowing index, titratable acidity and firmness throughout the storage periods. The survivors of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus in the fortified yogurt were decreased. In case of sensory qualities, the fortified yogurts were almost identical to the control except S3 due to its pungent flavor. According to the findings, yogurt fortified with 0.5 % pomegranate peel was the best among the treatments, considering all parameters. This research gives an insight into optimizing yogurt fortification with pomegranate peel phytochemicals to improve its physicochemical and nutritional values.

ABSTRACT Objectives Helicobacter pylori gastric infection strongly correlates with gastric diseases such as chronic gastritis, functional dyspepsia, and complications such as peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. In developing countries, systemic therapies are not usually successful due to elevated antibiotic resistance. Additionally, oral H. pylori infection and periodontal disease correlate with gastric treatment failures. This study aimed to explore the effect of an integral therapy, comprising oral hygiene and concomitant systemic treatment, to increase the eradication of gastric infection and recurrences. Materials and Methods A prospective, randomized, four‐arm, parallel‐group, open‐label clinical trial was conducted to investigate the efficacy of integral therapy to eradicate gastric H. pylori infection and avoid recurrences in double‐positive (real‐time PCR oral and gastric infection) patients. Oral hygiene involved mouthwash with neutral electrolyzed water (NEW), with or without periodontal treatment. One hundred patients were equally distributed into four groups: NS, NS‐PT, NEW, and NEW‐PT. All patients had concomitant systemic therapy and additionally, the following oral treatments: mouthwash with normal saline (NS), periodontal treatment and mouthwash with normal saline (NS‐PT), mouthwash with NEW (NEW), and periodontal treatment and mouthwash with NEW (NEW‐PT). Gastric and oral infection and symptoms were evaluated one and four months after treatments. Results Integral therapy with NEW‐PT increased gastric eradication rates compared with NS or NS‐PT (84%−96% vs. 20%−56%; p

DKI Jakarta is experiencing land subsidence due to overexploitation of its use and the increasing population. It is feared that this decline or deformation will occur in the location of the new national capital. The research objective is "Mapping of Land Surface Deformation using PS-InSAR for Disaster Risk Management in the Future." Quantitative and qualitative research and data collection methods use secondary and primary data. Secondary data in the form of Permanent Scatterers Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar (PS-InSAR) Sentinel-1A images to determine soil deformation. Primary data uses a questionnaire to assess disaster risk management. Data analysis uses spatial and statistical analysis. Spatial analysis for land deformation mapping and statistical analysis for risk management. The results showed that the pattern of land deformation before the determination of the location of the capital city of Indonesia was random. On the other hand, after decision-making, it appears to be more systematic and homogeneous in adjacent areas with a decreasing range of about 5 cm per year. Other findings show that disaster risk management carried out by several agencies, especially the problem of land deformation in East Kalimantan, is still far from expectations and very minimal. The findings can be used for future disaster risk management to minimize negative impacts and reduce disaster risk. Keywords: PS-INSAR; Land Deformation; Capital City; Disaster Risk Management

Abstract Cotranslational protein folding depends on general chaperones that engage highly diverse nascent chains at the ribosomes. Here we discover a dedicated ribosome-associated chaperone, Chp1, that rewires the cotranslational folding machinery to assist in the challenging biogenesis of abundantly expressed eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1A (eEF1A). Our results indicate that during eEF1A synthesis, Chp1 is recruited to the ribosome with the help of the nascent polypeptide-associated complex (NAC), where it safeguards eEF1A biogenesis. Aberrant eEF1A production in the absence of Chp1 triggers instant proteolysis, widespread protein aggregation, activation of Hsf1 stress transcription and compromises cellular fitness. The expression of pathogenic eEF1A2 variants linked to epileptic-dyskinetic encephalopathy is protected by Chp1. Thus, eEF1A is a difficult-to-fold protein that necessitates a biogenesis pathway starting with dedicated folding factor Chp1 at the ribosome to protect the eukaryotic cell from proteostasis collapse.

East Kalimantan Province is planned as the new national capital city (IKN). Forest and land fires occur regularly every year and their frequency is increasing, especially during the dry season. This research uses secondary data, namely hotspot data. Hotspot data was obtained from the results of the 2012-2022 S-NPP VIIRS image recording. Data analysis in this study used descriptive and statistical analysis. The results of processing and analysis of the distribution of hotspots are overlaid with administrative maps so that the distribution of hotspots in each district in the study area can be identified. The results of the study show that hotspots distribution from the 2012-2022 S-NPP VIIRS image recording in East Kalimantan Province is varies quite a bit in each district. The highest hotspots distribution is in Kutai Kartanegara Regency and the lowest is in Mahakam Ulu and Penajam Paser Utara Regency. The higher number of hotspots is the higher incidence for forest and land fires. The distribution of hotspots needs to be known because it can be a form of early detection and fire mitigation so that the negative impact of fires can be minimized.

Background: Numerous approaches have been developed to decelerate the aging process of facial skin. Synthetic fillers and cell-enriched fat grafts are the main procedures employed to fill wrinkles. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo safety and efficiency of a new process developed by SYMBIOKEN: the AmeaCell, which facilitates the extraction of the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) and the associated hypoxia pre-conditioned matrix to promote fat graft survival. Methods: The AmeaCell device allows the extraction from adipose tissue of SVF and pre-conditioned MatriCS and promotes a hypoxic environment. Experiments were carried out on human cells and then in mice. Results: Characterization of cells and MatriCS showed that after their extraction using the new process developed by SYMBIOKEN, the extracted cells expressed stem-cell markers. The presence of characteristic proteins and lipid fractions found in the adipose matrix were confirmed in MatriCS. Cobalt chloride treatment of the matrix using the AmeaCell device induced modifications in the matrix composition with a decrease in laminin and without collagen modification, both of which promote adhesion and differentiation of SVF or adipose-derived stromal cells. The combination of MatriCS and SVF (1 × 106 and 5 × 106, respectively) is safe and efficient to fill winkles induced by UVB irradiation. The cross-talk between MatriCS and SVF can act a durable filler compared to the filling performed using cells or matrix or fat alone, which need to be replaced frequently. Conclusion: These results indicate that the combination of MatriCS and SVF is safe and effective as a biological filler for achieving skin rejuvenation and wrinkle filling.

Background: Odontogenic tumors are a diverse group of lesions with a variety of clinical behavior and histopathologic subtypes, from hamartomatous and benign to malignant. The study aimed to examine the clinical and pathological features of odontogenic tumors in Baghdad over the last 11 years (2011–2021). Materials and Methods: The present retrospective study analyzed all formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of patients diagnosed with an odontogenic tumor that were retrieved from archives at a teaching hospital/College of Dentistry in Baghdad University, Iraq, between 2011 and 2021. The diagnosis of each case was confirmed by examining the hematoxylin and eosin stained sections by two expert pathologists. Data from patients' case sheets were collected, including age, gender, location, and histopathological information. The type of lesions was evaluated based on the World Health Organization's most recent classification (March 2022). Results: There were 151 odontogenic tumor during this period. The most common type (39.1%) was Solid ameloblastoma. The mandibular tumors (76.8%) were more than the maxillary tumors (23.2%). The female to male ratio was 1.1:1. The most cases are found between the 2nd and 5th decades of life. Conclusions: Solid ameloblastoma was the most common odontogenic tumor, while primordial odontogenic tumor was the rarest, Odontogenic tumors were slightly more common in females than in males, the most common cases occur in the mandible., the outcome of the study gives valuable information regarding the patients' profile and type of odontogenic tumors over 11 years, which could aid in the early diagnosis and enhance the intervention.

In recent years, nanostructures with hexagonal polytypes of gold have been synthesised, opening new possibilities in nanoscience and nanotechnology. As bulk gold crystallizes in the fcc phase, surface effects can play an important role in stabilizing hexagonal gold nanostructures. Here, we investigate several heterostructures with Ge substrates, including the fcc and hcp phases of gold that have been observed experimentally. We determine and discuss their interfacial energies and optimized atomic arrangements, comparing the theory results with available experimental data. Our DFT calculations for the Au-fcc(011)/Ge(001) junction show how the presence of defects in the interface layer can help to stabilize the atomic pattern, consistent with microscopic images. Although the Au-hcp/Ge interface is characterized by a similar interface energy, it reveals large atomic displacements due to significant mismatch. Finally, analyzing the electronic properties, we demonstrate that Au/Ge systems have metallic character, but covalent-like bonding states between interfacial Ge and Au atoms are also present.

Fungi, including filamentous fungi and yeasts, are major contributors to global food losses and waste due to their ability to colonize a very large diversity of food raw materials and processed foods throughout the food chain. In addition, numerous fungal species are mycotoxin producers and can also be responsible for opportunistic infections. In recent years, MALDI-TOF MS has emerged as a valuable, rapid and reliable asset for fungal identification in order to ensure food safety and quality. In this context, this study aimed at expanding the VITEK® MS database with food-relevant fungal species and evaluate its performance, with a specific emphasis on species differentiation within species complexes. To this end, a total of 380 yeast and mold strains belonging to 51 genera and 133 species were added into the spectral database including species from five species complexes corresponding to Colletotrichum acutatum, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium dimerum, Mucor circinelloides complexes and Aspergillus series nigri. Database performances were evaluated by cross-validation and external validation using 78 fungal isolates with 96.55% and 90.48% correct identification, respectively. This study also showed the capacity of MALDI-TOF MS to differentiate closely related species within species complexes and further demonstrated the potential of this technique for the routine identification of fungi in an industrial context.

Abstract Domestication is an excellent case study for understanding adaptation and multiple fungal lineages have been domesticated for fermenting food products. Studying domestication in fungi has thus both fundamental and applied interest. Genomic studies have revealed the existence of four populations within the blue‐cheese‐making fungus Penicillium roqueforti. The two cheese populations show footprints of domestication, but the adaptation of the two non‐cheese populations to their ecological niches (i.e., silage/spoiled food and lumber/spoiled food) has not been investigated yet. Here, we reveal the existence of a new P. roqueforti population, specific to French Termignon cheeses, produced using small‐scale traditional practices, with spontaneous blue mould colonisation. This Termignon population is genetically differentiated from the four previously identified populations, providing a novel source of genetic diversity for cheese making. The Termignon population indeed displayed substantial genetic diversity, both mating types, horizontally transferred regions previously detected in the non‐Roquefort population, and intermediate phenotypes between cheese and non‐cheese populations. Phenotypically, the non‐Roquefort cheese population was the most differentiated, with specific traits beneficial for cheese making, in particular higher tolerance to salt, to acidic pH and to lactic acid. Our results support the view that this clonal population, used for many cheese types in multiple countries, is a domesticated lineage on which humans exerted strong selection. The lumber/spoiled food and silage/spoiled food populations were not more tolerant to crop fungicides but showed faster growth in various carbon sources (e.g., dextrose, pectin, sucrose, xylose and/or lactose), which can be beneficial in their ecological niches. Such contrasted phenotypes between P. roqueforti populations, with beneficial traits for cheese‐making in the cheese populations and enhanced ability to metabolise sugars in the lumber/spoiled food population, support the inference of domestication in cheese fungi and more generally of adaptation to anthropized environments.

Abstract Covid-19 has spurred a renewed interest in decontamination techniques for air, objects and surfaces. Beginning in 2020, urgent effort was done to permit the reuse of UV-C for inactivating SARS-CoV-2. However, those studies diverged widely on the dose necessary to reach this goal; until today, the real value of the sensitivity of the virus to a 254-nm illumination is not known precisely. In this study, decontamination was performed in an original UV-C large decontamination chamber (UVCab, ON-LIGHT, France) delivering an omnidirectional irradiation with an average dose of 50 mJ/cm2 in 60 s. Viral inactivation was checked by both cell culture and PCR test. SARS-CoV-2 was inactivated by UV-C light within 3 s on both porous (disposable gown) and non-porous (stainless steel and apron) surfaces. For the porous surface, an irradiation of 5 min was needed to achieve a completely negative PCR signal. The Z value estimating the sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 to UV-C in the experimental conditions of our cabinet was shown to be > 0.5820 m2/J. These results illustrate the ability of this apparatus to inactivate rapidly and definitively high loads of SARS-CoV-2 deposited on porous or non-porous supports and opens new perspectives on material decontamination using UV-C.

Abstract The search for neutrino events in correlation with gravitational wave (GW) events for three observing runs (O1, O2 and O3) from 09/2015 to 03/2020 has been performed using the Borexino data-set of the same period. We have searched for signals of neutrino-electron scattering and inverse beta-decay (IBD) within a time window of $$\pm \, 1000$$ ± 1000 s centered at the detection moment of a particular GW event. The search was done with three visible energy thresholds of 0.25, 0.8 and 3.0 MeV. Two types of incoming neutrino spectra were considered: the mono-energetic line and the supernova-like spectrum. GW candidates originated by merging binaries of black holes (BHBH), neutron stars (NSNS) and neutron star and black hole (NSBH) were analyzed separately. Additionally, the subset of most intensive BHBH mergers at closer distances and with larger radiative mass than the rest was considered. In total, follow-ups of 74 out of 93 gravitational waves reported in the GWTC-3 catalog were analyzed and no statistically significant excess over the background was observed. As a result, the strongest upper limits on GW-associated neutrino and antineutrino fluences for all flavors ( $$\nu _e, \nu _\mu , \nu _\tau $$ ν e , ν μ , ν τ ) at the level $$10^9{-}10^{15}~\textrm{cm}^{-2}\,\textrm{GW}^{-1}$$ 10 9 - 10 15 cm - 2 GW - 1 have been obtained in the 0.5–5 MeV neutrino energy range.

The present work studied the drop size distribution in the RTL contactor using two liquid-liquid systems, xylene-acetone-water and kerosene-acetone-water. Process variables studied were: rpm (10-50 min-1), continuous phase flow rate (4-12 l/h), dispersed phase flow rate (4-12 l/h), and concentration (0.1-0.5 mole/l). It was found that Sauter mean drop diameter (d32) decreased with increasing rpm and continuous phase flow rate, and decreasing dispersed phase flow rate and concentration. An empirical correlation, with a correlation coefficient equal to (92.6%), relating d32 with process variables was developed having the form:

In this article, I elaborate on discourses and discursively mediated subject positions regarding the working self in Cuba. My main objective is to analyze whether and how highly qualified professionals in Cuba position themselves relating to these discourses and subject positions. Building on the hitherto little-known conceptual framework of interpretive subjectification analysis, I perform the empirical analysis in two parts: First, I identify subject positions directed at Cuban workers in contemporary discourses on the Cuban realm of work. Second, based on qualitative interviews with highly qualified professionals in Havana, I reconstruct individual self-positioning modes. I demonstrate how the interviewees described and explained their professional biographies by relating to discourses and subject positions. By indicating similarities and differences with the existing literature on the working self in Western, post-Fordist, and neoliberal contexts, I intend to enhance the understanding of subjectification processes in a new context. Simultaneously, I evaluate whether the approach of interpretive subjectification analysis, which was developed in a Western, market-capitalist context, is equally fruitful for understanding subjectification processes in Cuba. In doing so, I contribute to the advancement of this approach.

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the initial adaptive performance of Israeli mango tree cultivars grown in the submedian region of the São Francisco Valley, Brazil. The experiment was carried out from January 2019 to July 2020 using seedlings of the Omer and Shelly cultivars, at six months after transplanting, at a 3×6 m spacing. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks in a 2×3 factorial arrangement, corresponding to the two Israeli mango tree cultivars and the number of branches after formative pruning (three, four, and five branches), with four replicates. Biometric, biochemical, and photosynthetic variables were analyzed, differing between the evaluation times after pruning. The Omer cultivar is more vigorous than Shelly, and formative pruning with three, four, and five branches is recommended for both mango cultivars under the cultivation conditions of the São Francisco Valley.

The Pequi fruit (Caryocar Brasiliense cambess), typical of the Brazilian cerrado or savannah, is a source of essential fatty acids, carotenoids, and phenolic compounds. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of consuming this fruit on anxiety behavior and lipid peroxidation in the brains of rats whose mothers were treated (by gavage) during pregnancy and lactation with Pequi fruit (pulp or nuts) at 2000 mg/kg of body weight. Anxiety parameters were assessed using the open field (OF), elevated plus maze (EPM), and light/dark box (LDB) tests. The brain was removed to measure malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Data were analyzed using One-way Anova (p

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penggunaan teknologi pendidikan dalam pembelajaran pendidikan agama islam berbasis blended learning. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi pustaka, dengan mengumpulkan berbagai data, melalui literatur ilmiah pada artikel dan dokumen lainnya yang masih berkaitan dengan tema artikel. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa teknologi yang terus meningkat pada era ini, pendidik dan peserta didik diharuskan untuk mengembangkan teknologi dalam pembelajaran. Dalam menerapkan model pembelajaran blended learning ada 3 tahapan yaitu; tahap persiapan yang berisi mengenai persiapan guru dalam memulai pembelajaran, tahap pelaksanaan yang dalam tahap ini pembelajaran dilaksanakan dengan daring, luring, dan tatap muka dikelas. tahap evaluasi yang berisi penilaiaan dan seberapa efektif pembelajaran blended learning digunakan terhadap peserta didik.

Key messages Rheumatology organisations reported efforts to align with principles of crisis communication and health literacy. Patients’ health literacy needs were insufficiently considered and patient information materials were too difficult. Improving preparedness, collaboration between organisations and disciplines, and adaptation to patients’ needs is necessary.

Desde los propios inicios del presente siglo, la Federación de Rusia ya ponía en práctica, en sus relaciones con América Latina, el Caribe y África, líneas del Nuevo Concepto de la Política Exterior definido en 2023. En un periodo marcado por la crisis sistémica y multidimensional del capitalismo, Rusia ha valorado, oportunamente, la contribución de ambas regiones en la búsqueda de relaciones financieras y económicas internacionales de un nuevo tipo. De ahí que, tal aproximación posea un carácter estratégico: América Latina y el Caribe ofrecen amplias posibilidades de apertura de frentes económicos diversos y novedosos; mientras que África continúa siendo un escenario de confrontación geopolítica importante, aunque a menor escala que en otras regiones. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, la presente investigación evalúa el estado de las relaciones de la Federación de Rusia con América Latina y el Caribe y África, respectivamente, en el periodo previo (2000-2022) a la aprobación de la Nueva Estrategia de Política Exterior Rusa. Para ello, el estado de las relaciones de ambas regiones con los Estados Unidos de América en el mismo periodo de estudio y el examen de las líneas propuestas en el “nuevo concepto ruso” de 2023 son elementos clave para esclarecer hasta qué punto se abren o consolidan “nuevas” perspectivas de acercamiento en las dos direcciones, latinoamericana y africana.

Desde los propios inicios del presente siglo, la Federación de Rusia ya ponía en práctica, en sus relaciones con América Latina, el Caribe y África, líneas del Nuevo Concepto de la Política Exterior definido en 2023. En un periodo marcado por la crisis sistémica y multidimensional del capitalismo, Rusia ha valorado, oportunamente, la contribución de ambas regiones en la búsqueda de relaciones financieras y económicas internacionales de un nuevo tipo. De ahí que, tal aproximación posea un carácter estratégico: América Latina y el Caribe ofrecen amplias posibilidades de apertura de frentes económicos diversos y novedosos; mientras que África continúa siendo un escenario de confrontación geopolítica importante, aunque a menor escala que en otras regiones. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, la presente investigación evalúa el estado de las relaciones de la Federación de Rusia con América Latina y el Caribe y África, respectivamente, en el periodo previo (2000-2022) a la aprobación de la Nueva Estrategia de Política Exterior Rusa. Para ello, el estado de las relaciones de ambas regiones con los Estados Unidos de América en el mismo periodo de estudio y el examen de las líneas propuestas en el “nuevo concepto ruso” de 2023 son elementos clave para esclarecer hasta qué punto se abren o consolidan “nuevas” perspectivas de acercamiento en las dos direcciones, latinoamericana y africana.

Desde los propios inicios del presente siglo, la Federación de Rusia ya ponía en práctica, en sus relaciones con América Latina, el Caribe y África, líneas del Nuevo Concepto de la Política Exterior definido en 2023. En un periodo marcado por la crisis sistémica y multidimensional del capitalismo, Rusia ha valorado, oportunamente, la contribución de ambas regiones en la búsqueda de relaciones financieras y económicas internacionales de un nuevo tipo. De ahí que, tal aproximación posea un carácter estratégico: América Latina y el Caribe ofrecen amplias posibilidades de apertura de frentes económicos diversos y novedosos; mientras que África continúa siendo un escenario de confrontación geopolítica importante, aunque a menor escala que en otras regiones. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, la presente investigación evalúa el estado de las relaciones de la Federación de Rusia con América Latina y el Caribe y África, respectivamente, en el periodo previo (2000-2022) a la aprobación de la Nueva Estrategia de Política Exterior Rusa. Para ello, el estado de las relaciones de ambas regiones con los Estados Unidos de América en el mismo periodo de estudio y el examen de las líneas propuestas en el “nuevo concepto ruso” de 2023 son elementos clave para esclarecer hasta qué punto se abren o consolidan “nuevas” perspectivas de acercamiento en las dos direcciones, latinoamericana y africana.

Desde los propios inicios del presente siglo, la Federación de Rusia ya ponía en práctica, en sus relaciones con América Latina, el Caribe y África, líneas del Nuevo Concepto de la Política Exterior definido en 2023. En un periodo marcado por la crisis sistémica y multidimensional del capitalismo, Rusia ha valorado, oportunamente, la contribución de ambas regiones en la búsqueda de relaciones financieras y económicas internacionales de un nuevo tipo. De ahí que, tal aproximación posea un carácter estratégico: América Latina y el Caribe ofrecen amplias posibilidades de apertura de frentes económicos diversos y novedosos; mientras que África continúa siendo un escenario de confrontación geopolítica importante, aunque a menor escala que en otras regiones. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, la presente investigación evalúa el estado de las relaciones de la Federación de Rusia con América Latina y el Caribe y África, respectivamente, en el periodo previo (2000-2022) a la aprobación de la Nueva Estrategia de Política Exterior Rusa. Para ello, el estado de las relaciones de ambas regiones con los Estados Unidos de América en el mismo periodo de estudio y el examen de las líneas propuestas en el “nuevo concepto ruso” de 2023 son elementos clave para esclarecer hasta qué punto se abren o consolidan “nuevas” perspectivas de acercamiento en las dos direcciones, latinoamericana y africana.

Introducción: El origen o el agravamiento del sufrimiento pueden tener determinantes de naturaleza espiritual; sin embargo, son reducidas las investigaciones en esta temática en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en hemodiálisis. Objetivos: Determinar si existe relación entre la presencia de sufrimiento y necesidades espirituales en pacientes en hemodiálisis. Material y Método: Estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal, que integró tareas de correlación en una muestra de 47 pacientes adultos que se hemodializan en el hospital Salvador Allende en La Habana. Los instrumentos empleados fueron la entrevista, el Instrumento para la Detección del Sufrimiento de Bayés y colaboradores y el Cuestionario de Conexión Espiritual de Wheeler y Hyland. Resultados: Se halló asociación significativa entre el malestar y el sexo masculino (p=0,04), la tenencia de hijos (p=0,01), la necesidad de “ser reconocido como persona” (p=0,01) y “volver a leer su vida” (p=0,01), mientras que el bienestar se asoció a la preparación para la hemodiálisis (p=0,01) y a la necesidad de “amar y ser amado” (p=0,00); también se encontró entre el nivel medio general de conexión espiritual y las necesidades: “volver a leer su vida” (p=0,03) y “continuidad, de un más allá” (p=0,02). Conclusiones: El sufrimiento se asoció al sexo, la tenencia de hijos y a determinadas necesidades espirituales. Las necesidades espirituales más reportadas fueron: “amar y ser amado”, “volver a leer su vida” y “expresar sentimientos y vivencias religiosas”

The article is about private law contracts and their social, economic, and religious background in Sasanian Persia (224–651) before the advent of Islam. After a brief introduction to the sources and research method, the paper examines Zoroastrian moral teachings about obligations in general and contractual obligations in particular. To emphasise the religious background, the Avestan hymn to Mithra and the Vendidad are scrutinised which have a classification of contracts and a pyramid of sanctions for their breach. The second part of the article analyses private law contracts, which can be found in the Sasanian Law Book called Madigan I Hazar Dadestan, such as sale, barter, donation, lease, and loan, together with legal guarantees such as surety and pledge. In addition to legal dogmatics, attention is also paid to gaps in the law and the opportunities they provide for parties to achieve unlawful ends with legal means, as well as the prudence of Sasanian lawyers and how they stopped such abuses of the law.

Electromyography (EMG) proves invaluable myoelectric manifestation in identifying neuromuscular alterations resulting from ischemic strokes, serving as a potential marker for diagnostics of gait impairments caused by ischemia. This study aims to develop an interpretable machine learning (ML) framework capable of distinguishing between the myoelectric patterns of stroke patients and those of healthy individuals through Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques. The research included 48 stroke patients (average age 70.6 years, 65% male) undergoing treatment at a rehabilitation center, alongside 75 healthy adults (average age 76.3 years, 32% male) as the control group. EMG signals were recorded from wearable devices positioned on the bicep femoris and lateral gastrocnemius muscles of both lower limbs during indoor ground walking in a gait laboratory. Boosting ML techniques were deployed to identify stroke-related gait impairments using EMG gait features. Furthermore, we employed XAI techniques, such as Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP), Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME), and Anchors to interpret the role of EMG variables in the stroke-prediction models. Among the ML models assessed, the GBoost model demonstrated the highest classification performance (AUROC: 0.94) during cross-validation with the training dataset, and it also overperformed (AUROC: 0.92, accuracy: 85.26%) when evaluated using the testing EMG dataset. Through SHAP and LIME analyses, the study identified that EMG spectral features contributing to distinguishing the stroke group from the control group were associated with the right bicep femoris and lateral gastrocnemius muscles. This interpretable EMG-based stroke prediction model holds promise as an objective tool for predicting post-stroke gait impairments. Its potential application could greatly assist in managing post-stroke rehabilitation by providing reliable EMG biomarkers and address potential gait impairment in individuals recovering from ischemic stroke.

From the theoretical-methodological references of Social Psychology, the present study focused on the international migratory return. An innovative perspective was intended for the transformation of the conception of return practices to Cuba. This work aimed to describe the main characteristics of the return migration process to Cuba; explore the motivations to return; and to develop a multidimensional return typology that would respond to the identified configurations of return experiences and practices. A mixed methodology was used where the statistical analysis of the official data obtained with the 22 case studies carried out was complemented. It was obtained as a result that the characteristics of the resettled describe a profile of mostly young and adult returnees; more men than women; residents in all the provinces of the country, with a greater concentration in the capital; and mainly from the US. In addition, it was found that the multiple experiences of return to Cuba go beyond the resettlement process, which shows the complexity of the phenomenon. The motivations to return are varied, among them was the programming of the project; family reasons; health conditions; education; maladjustment, among others. A multidimensional return typology was developed that recognizes and integrates the diversity of return experiences and practices that enhance the maintenance of ties with the country of origin. Favorable and unfavorable perceptions about return were identified, conditioned by factors such as personal experience, the characteristics of the migratory project and personal and family strategies. / RESUMEN Desde los referentes teórico-metodológicos de la psicología social el presente estudio se enfocó en el retorno migratorio internacional. Se intencionó una perspectiva innovadora para la transformación de la concepción de prácticas de retorno a Cuba. Este trabajo se propuso describir las principales características del proceso de migración de retorno a Cuba; explorar las motivaciones para retornar; y elaborar una tipología de retorno multidimensional que respondiera a las configuraciones de experiencias y prácticas de retorno identificadas. Se empleó una metodología mixta donde se complementó el análisis estadístico de los datos oficiales obtenidos con los 22 estudios de casos realizados. Se obtuvo como resultado que las características de los reasentados describen un perfil de retornados mayormente jóvenes y adultos; más hombres que mujeres; residentes en todas las provincias del país, con mayor concentración en la capital; y procedentes fundamentalmente de Estados Unidos. Además, se constató que las múltiples experiencias de retorno a Cuba van más allá del proceso de reasentamiento, lo que evidencia la complejidad del fenómeno. Las motivaciones para retornar son variadas, entre ellas se encontró la programación del proyecto; los motivos familiares; las condiciones de salud; la educación; la inadaptación, entre otros. Se elaboró una tipología de retorno multidimensional que reconoce e integra la diversidad de experiencias y prácticas de retorno que potencian el mantenimiento de los vínculos con el país de origen. Se identificaron percepciones favorables y desfavorables sobre el retorno, condicionadas por factores como la experiencia personal, las características del proyecto migratorio y las estrategias personales y familiares.

Abstract Background The non-curative setting makes communication and shared decision-making in palliative care extremely demanding. This is even more so for patients with limited health literacy. So far, research in palliative care focusing on shared decision-making with patients with limited health literacy is lacking. Recent research from our team indicates that the assessment of these patients’ understanding of their situation and the implementation of shared decision-making in palliative care, needs improvement. Methods To improve communication and decision-making, especially with patients with limited health literacy, we developed and evaluated a blended training programme for healthcare providers. The training programme comprised of an e-learning and a team training. The evaluation was performed by 1. conducting interviews (n = 15) focused on evaluating the whole programme and, 2. coding video-recorded outpatient consultations on the extent to which providers involved patients in decision-making before (n = 19) and after (n = 20) the intervention, using the 5-item OPTION coding instrument. Results The interviews showed that healthcare providers valued the skills they had learned during the e-learning and team training. Providers specifically valued the teach-back technique, learned to use simpler wording and felt better able to recognize patients with limited health literacy. Many providers reported a change in communication behaviour as a consequence of the training programme. Suggestions for improvement for both e-learning and training were, amongst others, a follow-up team training course and a new scenarios for the e-learning about discussing palliative care. For both the pre- and the post-measurement, involving patients in decision-making lies between a minimal and a moderate effort; differences were not significant. Conclusions The e-learning and team training were valued positively by the healthcare providers. Adaptations to the e-learning have been made after evaluation. The e-learning has been implemented in several hospitals and medical education. To improve shared decision-making in practice a more sustained effort is needed.

Understanding and correctly using modal particles is a particular challenge for German learners due to the complexity and contextual dependence of the particles. Yet, they take on important interactional and social functions and occur with great frequency in spoken language. They can express a common knowledge base and socially shared knowledge of conversation partners, as well as signal discrepancy in expectations. Although a conscious perception and detailed knowledge of how they work are not absolutely necessary in order to roughly understand utterances, such a lack of understanding can impair German learners’ interpersonal communication with native German speakers. Therefore, pedagogical guidance is required that provides practical, interactive language knowledge for the use of the modal particles to enable learners to be effective in social contacts and understanding. The following article deals with a teaching unit for the lower intermediate level, in which the modal particle ja is made aware and conveyed to German learners through approaches from conversation analysis. The integration of language data from the Datenbank für Gesprochenes Deutsch enables authentic language situations when introducing and using the modal particle. Learners analyze the particle in real contexts and derive usage rules. With the help of a five-phase teaching model, they derive the functionality of the modal particle and internalize these patterns through structured language practice that strengthen and expand their communicative, sociolinguistic, and intercultural competence.

Introducción: Las fundiciones de acero son sitios significativos de contaminación con procesos manuales de moldeo y desmoldeo, por lo que, la tecnología ha avanzado al moldeo utilizando resinas auto fragantes. En el presente trabajo se aplica la metodología de Análisis de ciclo de vida (ACV) para evaluar los impactos ambientales en un proceso de fundición sujeto a esta inversión tecnológica. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto ambiental de una propuesta tecnológica de moldeo en una fundición de acero. Materiales y Métodos: Se evaluaron e inventariaron los flujos de entradas y salidas de las mezclas de arena, gases y residuos sólidos en los procesos de moldeo tradicional y moldeo químico para la producción de una tonelada de acero, como unidad funcional. Se utilizó el software SimaPro 8.0 para obtener los resultados del ACV. Resultados y Discusión: Los resultados demuestran la factibilidad económica y ambiental del moldeo químico. En el análisis se constató que la arena de retorno, es la materia prima de mayor beneficio a las categorías de impacto siendo las más favorecidas el cambio climático a la salud humana y la formación de partículas que inciden en la salud, los ecosistemas y los recursos naturales. Conclusiones: La metodología ACV cuantifica los impactos ambientales de la producción de acero y justifica la factibilidad económico-ambiental del moldeo químico verificando que la arena de retorno, es la materia prima con mayor aporte a las categorías de impacto y favorece, como producto evitado que se recicla, en la nueva tecnología las categorías ambientales y de daño.

Live Freshwater Mussels (FMs) have remarkable characteristics to support other species and the ecosystem. The objective of the study was to identify the planktonic composition; dye absorbance by living FMs; analyze the water quality indicators; and determine the heavy metals from FMs of different rivers in Bangladesh. In order to assess the planktonic composition, planktons were collected from the experimental ponds and then identified under the microscope. Methyl blue (MB) and methyl red (MR) dye absorbance were assessed using live FMs. After co-cultivating Silver barb (Barbonymus gonionotus) with FMs, water quality indicators (including pH, DO, hardness, total dissolved solids, ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate) were recorded. For determining heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Cd, Pb, Zn), mussels (Lamellidens marginalis) samples were collected from different rivers of Bangladesh. The findings of the study showed that the planktons were significantly (p

Abstract Introduction Although Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) of young people with a chronic condition (YPCC) is receiving increasing attention, evidence of impact is lacking. This is partly due to inadequate understanding of what meaningful impact entails. This study aimed to gain an in‐depth understanding of researchers’ and YPCC's perspectives on meaningful impact. Methods We conducted a Q methodology study in a group of 26 researchers and a group of 20 YPCC with experience in PPI. Participants ranked statements about impact (e.g., ‘YPCC acquire new knowledge and skills’) based on their agreement with them. During interviews, they reflected on their rankings (Q sorts). Factor analysis was conducted to identify similar patterns in the individual Q sorts. The interviews were used to determine and interpret the final factor solution. The resulting factors represented distinct perspectives on meaningful impact. Results Four distinct perspectives on meaningful impact of PPI were identified. Two were predominantly based on the Q sorts of researchers, for example improving research quality and facilitating dialogue and understanding, and two on the Q sorts of YPCC, for example achieving equality and inclusivity and doing justice to YPCC's rights. The factors were defined by 37 Q sorts (80%); 9 Q sorts did not load significantly on any of the factors. Conclusion The results indicate that researchers and YPCC can have different views about the meaningful impact of PPI. The perspectives identified here can serve as an aid when discussing these different views and formulating operational indicators of impact. Patient or Public Contribution An adolescent with a chronic condition was involved in the early phases of this study. She helped in formulating the statements and recruiting YPCC.

Abstract The search for neutrino events in correlation with 42 most intense fast radio bursts (FRBs) has been performed using the Borexino dataset from 05/2007 to 06/2021. We have searched for signals with visible energies above 250 keV within a time window of $$\pm \, 1000$$ ± 1000 s corresponding to detection time of a particular FRB. We also applied an alternative approach based on searching for specific shapes of neutrino-electron scattering spectra in the full exposure data of the Borexino detector. In particular, two incoming neutrino spectra were considered: the monoenergetic line and the spectrum expected from supernovae. The same spectra were considered for electron antineutrinos detected through inverse beta-decay reaction. No statistically significant excess over the background was observed. As a result, the strongest upper limits on FRB-associated neutrino fluences of all flavors have been obtained in the 0.5–50 MeV neutrino energy range.

This paper presents the complete design, fabrication, and characterization of a shallow-mesa photodiode for short-wave infra-red (SWIR) sensing. We characterized and demonstrated photodiodes collecting 1.55 μm photons with a pixel pitch as small as 3 μm. For a 5 μm pixel pitch photodiode, we measured the external quantum efficiency reaching as high as 54%. With substrate removal and an ideal anti-reflective coating, we estimated the internal quantum efficiency as achieving 77% at 1.55 μm. The best measured dark current density reached 5 nA/cm2 at −0.1 V and at 23 °C. The main contributors responsible for this dark current were investigated through the study of its evolution with temperature. We also highlight the importance of passivation with a perimetric contribution analysis and the correlation between MIS capacitance characterization and dark current performance.

In order to assess their potential use as contact layers for Si photonics devices, Ni2P thin films were developed on a 300 mm platform. The Ni2P layers, obtained by magnetron sputtering of a Ni2P target, were stable and reproducible. The films were mainly composed of the hexagonal Ni2P phase with small amount of Ni12P5 impurities. The film density was 6.9 g/cm3 with a ratio of 62 at.% of Ni and 38 at.% of P. We implemented and integrated these Ni2P films on III-V structures to study their electrical properties on n-InP and p-InGaAs (i.e., n-doped and p-doped III-V/Si hybrid laser contact layers). The results obtained on p-InGaAs did not meet the requirements in terms of contact resistivity. On the other hand, due to its high thermal stability and low contact resistivities, Ni2P metallization exhibited the best results among the Ni-based metallizations studied for contacting n-InP layers, namely Ni, NiPt and Ni2P.

Abstract Cosmogenic radio-nuclei are an important source of background for low-energy neutrino experiments. In Borexino, cosmogenic $$^{11}$$ 11 C decays outnumber solar pep and CNO neutrino events by about ten to one. In order to extract the flux of these two neutrino species, a highly efficient identification of this background is mandatory. We present here the details of the most consolidated strategy, used throughout Borexino solar neutrino measurements. It hinges upon finding the space-time correlations between $$^{11}$$ 11 C decays, the preceding parent muons and the accompanying neutrons. This article describes the working principles and evaluates the performance of this Three-Fold Coincidence (TFC) technique in its two current implementations: a hard-cut and a likelihood-based approach. Both show stable performances throughout Borexino Phases II (2012–2016) and III (2016–2020) data sets, with a $$^{11}$$ 11 C tagging efficiency of $$\sim 90$$ ∼ 90 % and $$\sim $$ ∼ 63–66 % of the exposure surviving the tagging. We present also a novel technique that targets specifically $$^{11}$$ 11 C produced in high-multiplicity during major spallation events. Such $$^{11}$$ 11 C appear as a burst of events, whose space-time correlation can be exploited. Burst identification can be combined with the TFC to obtain about the same tagging efficiency of $$\sim 90\%$$ ∼ 90 % but with a higher fraction of the exposure surviving, in the range of $$\sim $$ ∼ 66–68 %.

The SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) glycoprotein is synthesized as a large precursor protein and must be activated by proteolytic cleavage into S1 and S2. A recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) expressing native, full-length S protein (MVA-SARS-2-S) is currently under investigation as a candidate vaccine in phase I clinical studies. Initial results from immunogenicity monitoring revealed induction of S-specific antibodies binding to S2, but low-level antibody responses to the S1 domain. Follow-up investigations of native S antigen synthesis in MVA-SARS-2-S–infected cells revealed limited levels of S1 protein on the cell surface. In contrast, we found superior S1 cell surface presentation upon infection with a recombinant MVA expressing a stabilized version of SARS-CoV-2 S protein with an inactivated S1/S2 cleavage site and K986P and V987P mutations (MVA-SARS-2-ST). When comparing immunogenicity of MVA vector vaccines, mice vaccinated with MVA-SARS-2-ST mounted substantial levels of broadly reactive anti-S antibodies that effectively neutralized different SARS-CoV-2 variants. Importantly, intramuscular MVA-SARS-2-ST immunization of hamsters and mice resulted in potent immune responses upon challenge infection and protected from disease and severe lung pathology. Our results suggest that MVA-SARS-2-ST represents an improved clinical candidate vaccine and that the presence of plasma membrane–bound S1 is highly beneficial to induce protective antibody levels.

A relatively low clearance is one of the prominent favorable features of immunoglobulin G1-based therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Various studies have observed differential clearance of mAb glycoforms, including oligomannose glycoforms, which are considered a critical quality attribute because they show higher clearance than complex type glycoforms. Glycoform clearance, however, has not previously been studied after subcutaneous injection or in a porcine model system. Here, we performed glycoform-resolved pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis of two mAbs in Göttingen minipigs. We found glycoform effects on clearance to be largely the same for subcutaneous and intravenous injection and in line with observations in other species. Oligomannose glycoforms were cleared up to 25% faster and monoantennary glycoforms up to 8% faster than agalactosylated complex glycoforms. Sialylated glycoforms were cleared at approximately the same rate as fully galactosylated glycoforms. Importantly, we report here an impact of galactosylation on the PK of a mAb for the first time. Whether increased galactosylation led to slower or faster clearance seemed to depend on the overall glycosylation profile. When clearance of galactosylated glycoforms was slower, the mAb showed higher galactosylation in serum at maximum concentration after subcutaneous injection compared to both intravenous injection and the injected material. Whether this higher galactosylation after subcutaneous injection has consequences for therapeutic efficacy remains to be investigated. In conclusion, preferential clearance of antibody glycoforms can be simulated in the minipig model with intravenous as well as subcutaneous injections. Furthermore, we observed a glycoform bias in the absorption from skin into circulation after subcutaneous injection based on galactosylation.Abbreviations: AUC - area under the curve; CL/F - apparent clearance as a function of bioavailability following SC administration; Cmax - maximum serum concentration; CQA critical quality attribute; FcγR - Fc gamma receptor; IgG - immunoglobulin G; IV - intravenous; LC-MS - liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry; mAb - therapeutic monoclonal antibody; PK - pharmacokinetics; SC - subcutaneous; TMDD - target-mediated drug disposition

Para la realización de este trabajo se empleó la revi - sión bibliográfica, con el objetivo de valorar la influencia de la utilización de las Redes Sociales en el proceso de Comunicación Interpersonal. En la sociedad actual, la can - tidad de información disponible es enorme y los medios por los cuales se puede intercambiar dicha información son múltiples con los adelantos tecnológicos. Los mensa - jes ya no son solo hablados o escritos, sino también en forma de imágenes, tanto estáticas como animadas. La última incorporación al mundo de las comunicaciones es el medio informático, concretamente Internet, que integra todas las formas de comunicación ya conocidas. Este tra - bajo se centra en el análisis de la influencia de la utiliza - ción de las Redes Sociales en el proceso de Comunicación Interpersonal, además de analizar las ventajas y desven - tajas del empleo de las Redes Sociales sobre este tipo comunicación, a través de la revisión bibliográfica y su in - fluencia sobre la comunicación interpersonal.

El avance hacia la sostenibilidad del sector empresarial cu - bano supone la inclusión en sus dinámicas organizaciona - les de nuevos modelos de gestión. La empresa estatal so - cialista requiere buscar nuevas alternativas para impulsar su desarrollo. La complejidad de los escenarios actuales implica superar la visión economicista de los empresarios nacionales e incentivar una cultura de buenas prácticas para la sostenibilidad. Ante esta realidad, resulta pertinen - te potenciar la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial como una opción viable en este sentido para lograr la sosteni - bilidad de la empresa estatal socialista cubana teniendo en cuenta las dimensiones de la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial y sin olvidar que las universidades son institu - ciones cuyo encargo social es la formación de los profesio - nales del sector y le corresponde incorporar resortes edu - cativos que contribuyan a generar, desde la consciencia y la voluntariedad, acciones socialmente responsables. A partir de ello, se propone como objetivo: analizar el vínculo de la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial con la Ciencia, la Tecnología y su incidencia en la Sociedad.

Abstract In this work eggshell membrane was added as biobased curing catalyst to epoxy (DGEBA), for comparison purposes the synthetic catalyst DEH 35 data was reported, the curing of compounds was followed through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) under dynamic conditions and their kinetics were modeled using Kissinger, Friedman, Friedman model based and Málek approaches. From evaluated Ea and l n A two steps of curing were verified, for the synthetic catalyst compound (S5) Ea abruptly increased for the degree of conversion α > 0.7 the opposite trend was observed for the eggshell membrane compound (M10). It is supposed for S5 Ea increases due to the competitive reactions leading to viscosity increase until reach the solid phase with decrease of the reactive groups availability, hampering the cross-linking, whereas for M10 Ea decreases at α > 0.7, hence invalidating the Kissinger model which assumes constant Ea.

Introducción. El comportamiento de la COVID-19 está influenciado por diferenciales sociales que trascienden las variables demográficas e incluyen la morbilidad, las con- diciones de sus viviendas, las dinámicas familiares, el desempeño laboral, los roles y estereotipos de género, las tareas de cuidado, los hábitos y comportamientos de vida y consumo, entre otros. Métodos. Se empleó el análisis estadístico y demográfico y herramientas de los estudios métricos. Resultados y Discusión. La investigación mostró la importancia de incorporar a los análisis del comportamiento de la COVID-19 en Cuba la influencia de diferenciales sociales y epidemiológicos determinados por el color de la piel, el estado conyugal, la situación laboral, los niveles de ingreso, los tipos de familias, la movilidad, las condiciones higiénico ambientales, el acceso a los servicios de salud, entre otros, que pueden ubicar a las poblaciones en mayores o me- nores condiciones de vulnerabilidad. Conclusiones, la composición y la dinámica de la población junto a otros diferenciales sociales son determinantes del comportamiento de la pandemia. El cruzamiento de los factores epidemiológicos con el análisis de las medidas de contención y la composición y estructura de población afectada permite diseñar políticas sanitarias más ajustadas a las necesidades de la pandemia. La orien- tación psicológica a distancia permite identificar y atender situaciones vinculadas al confinamiento y los cambios en las rutinas de vida que afectan la salud mental de diferentes grupos de personas.

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a non-invasive method employed to discern human behaviors by monitoring the neurological responses during cognitive and motor tasks. Machine learning (ML) represents a promising tool for the recognition of human activities (HAR), and eXplainable artificial intelligence (XAI) can elucidate the role of EEG features in ML-based HAR models. The primary objective of this investigation is to investigate the feasibility of an EEG-based ML model for categorizing everyday activities, such as resting, motor, and cognitive tasks, and interpreting models clinically through XAI techniques to explicate the EEG features that contribute the most to different HAR states. The study involved an examination of 75 healthy individuals with no prior diagnosis of neurological disorders. EEG recordings were obtained during the resting state, as well as two motor control states (walking and working tasks), and a cognition state (reading task). Electrodes were placed in specific regions of the brain, including the frontal, central, temporal, and occipital lobes (Fz, C1, C2, T7, T8, Oz). Several ML models were trained using EEG data for activity recognition and LIME (Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations) was employed for interpreting clinically the most influential EEG spectral features in HAR models. The classification results of the HAR models, particularly the Random Forest and Gradient Boosting models, demonstrated outstanding performances in distinguishing the analyzed human activities. The ML models exhibited alignment with EEG spectral bands in the recognition of human activity, a finding supported by the XAI explanations. To sum up, incorporating eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) into Human Activity Recognition (HAR) studies may improve activity monitoring for patient recovery, motor imagery, the healthcare metaverse, and clinical virtual reality settings.

The physical and chemical properties of many oxide materials depend strongly on their defect concentration, which gives rise to unique electronic, optical, and dielectric properties. One such promising material for various applications, including energy storage, photocatalysis, and electronics, is SrTiO3 (STO). It exhibits several interesting phenomena, including a metal-to-insulator transition that can be induced by reduction. By extension, 1-D defects, such as dislocations, play a significant role in its electronic properties. Thus, we investigate the process of dislocation movement, its creation, and annihilation under two stimuli: ion thinning and electron irradiation. First, we designed and produced a lamella from a mechanically modified sample with variable thickness in the form of a wedge using a focused ion beam (FIB/Ga+) to investigate thickness-dependent dislocation movement. The lamella was investigated by transmission electron microscopy, allowing for the measurements of dislocation concentration as a function of its thickness. We have noticed a sharp decrease in the defect concentration with respect to the starting sample, showing a process of annihilation of dislocations. Second, we used an electron beam to drive a relatively large current into the STO surface. This experiment produced an electrical breakdown-like pattern. Optical and atomic force microscopy revealed that this pattern evolved due to the removal of material from the surface and local metal-insulator-transition along the dislocations network. Thus, we observe the dislocations generation and movement.