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The purpose of the study is to quantify the impact of integration and geopolitical factors on trade of the Russian Far East with foreign countries. The estimates obtained on the basis of gravity modeling for 2000–2021 revealed the stimulating influence of integration factors (participation of Russia and trade partner countries in the WTO; Russia’s participation in ‘deep’ trade agreements) and the restraining influence of geopolitical factors (acute political confrontation between Russia and foreign countries; sanctions imposed on the Russian economy) on the Far East’s foreign trade. It was established that the participation of Russia and trade partner countries in the WTO contributed to the increase in foreign trade of the Russian Far East by 58%. The positive indirect influence of the ‘WTO factor’ and the stimulating effect of the global economic environment on foreign trade turnover of the Russian Far East was determined, indicating the ‘sensitivity’ of the macro-region’s open economy to trade liberalization at the global level. It was found that Russia’s creation of ‘deep’ integration formats with the Eurasian Economic Union countries and Vietnam contributed to an increase in the Far East’s trade with them by 141%, but the share of these economies in the macro-region’s foreign trade was small. It was found that the presence of an acute political conflict between Russia and foreign countries reduced the Far East’s trade with these countries by 79%, but due to the small share of these countries in the macro-region’s trade turnover, this effect was almost imperceptible. It was determined that the imposition of sanctions against Russia by a number of Western countries in 2014–2021 led to a 43% reduction in the Far East’s trade turnover with them and could contribute to the accelerated construction of infrastructure for the supply of hydrocarbons to the Chinese market, limiting the opportunities for geographical diversification of the macro-region’s exports

The aim of the article is to determine the tools of marketing research for the introduction of marketing innovations in the restaurant business. The authors analyze publications of leading domestic scholars, which are devoted to the issues of introduction of marketing innovations in the restaurant business, allocation of their main directions of development, in particular regarding the conceptions of establishments, pricing policy, promotion, interior design, commodity policy of the restaurant. The article allocates the types of marketing research of innovations in the restaurant business, namely, outlines the following blocks: analysis and development of websites and mobile applications, automation in messengers; analysis and distribution of restaurants on social networks Facebook, Instagram, Tik Tok, etc.; analysis of blogging and creation of user-generated content; evaluation of the use of QR code and Wi-Fi in restaurant business establishments; analysis of the use of visual merchandising; development of an interactive menu; analysis of consumer preferences. In addition, the authors have developed and schematically presented a model of the relationship between the introduction of marketing innovations and research tools, where it is determined that, depending on the environment of innovation, different marketing research tools can be used. Thus, accordingly, for internal innovations (created within the establishment, aimed at improving the efficiency of its activities), it will be optimal for evaluation, analysis and implementation of the use of consumer research and advertising methods, social networks, sales promotion systems, etc. For the introduction of external innovations (created outside the establishment, but directly related to it), the use of the following methods is relevant marketing research: research and analysis of the external market; research of competitive advantages and opportunities of restaurant business enterprises; other studies of the external environment of the restaurant business, etc. On the basis of this, it is concluded that the information obtained in the process of marketing research contributes to the effective introduction of innovations and the development of establishments in the restaurant industry. Directions of innovative development of enterprises of the restaurant business have been proposed, which will contribute to the implementation of marketing pricing policy, achievement of strategic management decisions on the implementation of research and implementation of technologies to attract consumers, and, accordingly, increase competitiveness.

After Ukrainian war it is essential to renovate industry in occupied regions. The purpose of the article is to develop strategy of industry and engineering (the I&E) at the regional level and ground of SMEs’ mission in the industry. Study considers results of interview and focus group. Study of business activity of SMEs and justification of results from the strategy implementation bases on eight elements. Mission, Model, Market, Moment, Men, Machinery, Materials, Money. Mission of SMEs has been changed from planning-oriented to customer-oriented approach during time of Ukrainian independency. Today, numerous entrepreneurs have lost their assets because of occupation. The novelty of the article is revealing the crucial which influence on the eight business elements (8M). Almost all enterprises that produced products have problems entering and maintaining positions in the foreign market, regardless of the strategic vector of foreign economic activity. Recognition of the best companies, international product certification, registration in international professional associations will allow SMEs to improve their position in the foreign market. SMEs use contemporary technologies and equipment of the 70s and 80s of the last century at the same time. The main personnel problems of the region are the outflow of personnel abroad, aging personnel, and intense competition between enterprises in the labor market. The main conditions for opening and activating a business for women are social guarantees from the government, supplementary social working conditions, and security of business activities. Based on the analysis, the strategy of industry of development have four vectors such as Technological progress in value-added chains, Qualified staff and prestigious work, Cooperation of enterprises and stakeholders in value-added chains, Entry and strengthening positions at foreign markets.

The concept of corporate social responsibility has been recognized as a successful differentiation strategy for European export organizations in foreign markets. In the time of unprecedented global social, humanitarian, and economic challenges that we face today, the concept comes into the focus of most global stakeholders as never before in history. Still, the existing literature lacks a deeper analysis of differentiation on foreign markets based on corporate social responsibility. This article aims to analyse the relation between socially responsible strategy, activities and communication of export organizations in foreign markets. Empirical research was done on a sample of 78 medium and large sized Croatian export organizations. Research results reveal the importance and positive influence of inclusion of corporate social responsibility in organizational strategy on socially responsible activities and communication channels and principles in foreign markets.

The article analyses how the internationalisation of the performance could help an enterprise to occupy a part of any foreign market. The subject of the study is the internationalisation of the performance of an enterprise. The study aims to choose the most attractive foreign market for the internationalisation of the performance a JSC Ltd. Considering the aim of the study, the following objectives were defined: to review the theoretical aspects of internationalisation processes; identify the modelling and filtering of the internationalisation of the performance; select the most reasonable foreign market for the integration of a JSC Ltd product. The research methods used in the study were the analysis and synthesis of theoretical sources, the analysis of filtering and the data of the performance of the enterprise, the collection of statistical data, and comparative analysis. The main outcomes of the research. The theoretical aspects of internationalisation processes have been examined, i.e. different approaches and forms of performance internationalisation are reviewed; the prevailing models of the internationalisation of the performance have been discussed, and the model of filtering internationalisation is presented; analysis of the internationalisation of the performance of an enterprise is provided. The results of the study obtained can be significant and practical to improve export of a JSC Ltd, as well as become a guideline for other small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) focusing on the internationalisation of their performance.

The paper analyzes the dynamics and structure of trade interaction between Chinese regions and Russia using official Chinese data and assesses the border effects for export and import flows. The analysis shows that Chinese imports from Russia exhibit a much more uneven distribution across Chinese regions than exports. The results of the gravity model estimation indicate that the size of the border effect for exports of Chinese regions to Russia was larger compared to trade barriers with other countries. At the same time, the hurdles impeding the access of Russian production to Chinese regional markets expressed in the ad-valorem tariff equivalent were higher than for other countries. The estimates reveal that Russian exports to Chinese regions have been experiencing higher barriers in recent years than Chinese regional exports to Russia. The findings suggest that leveling barriers would reinforce the access of Chinese coastal regions to the Russian market, making exports to Russia even less evenly distributed across Chinese regions. A substantial reduction of barriers is likely to increase Russian imports in China thanks to the growing flows of Russian goods to virtually all Chinese regions. Accordingly, Russian exporters need to diversify their supply across Chinese regions so as to bypass the middlemen and tap new regional markets in China

The period of temporary economic isolation caused by the Covid-19 pandemic has affected the economies of all countries in the world. After quarantine and the gradual restoration of the activity of all economic sectors, competition in the world market will intensify. Countries will promote strategies for economic growth, improving economic security, increasing exports, and protecting domestic producers. Given the fact that resources are limited and exhaustible, it is necessary to correctly identify priority sectors when developing strategies. For this purpose, the competitiveness index can be used, since competitiveness is one of the main characteristics that allows anyone to determine its position on the market, and increasing competitiveness ensures victory in the competition. The novelty and purpose of the study is to develop two new integral indices, and to improve one symmetric index of comparative advantage developed earlier. Some of empirical and theoretical methods were used in this research: abstraction, the method of ascending from the abstract to the concrete, comparison, measurement, analysis and synthesis, economic and mathematical modelling. To identify priority sectors, the author used the developed indices to assess the competitiveness of goods, not only on the foreign market, but also on the domestic market. This study can serve economists as a tool for assessing the competitiveness of goods, identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the goods offered, in the context of developing measures to increase competitiveness, which will increase the profitability of entrepreneurship.

Vietnam's textile and garment industry has been developing strongly and plays an increasingly important role in economic growth of the country. This industry also has a great impact on Vietnam's socio-economic development. At the same time, the textile and garment industry employs more than 1.6 million people, accounting for more than 12% of the industrial workforce and nearly 5% of the country's total labor force. This article aims to provide an overview of the Vietnam’s textile and garment industry and the vision of Vietnam's textile and garment industry to 2030. The results show that Vietnam’s textile and garment industry has contributed great value to Vietnam’s exports and GDP as well as solving employment. However, the Vietnam’s textile and garment industry still has some limitations. First, the mode of production is mainly based on the CMT (the mode of production produces the lowest added value). Second, the incomes and capacities of the labors have not matched with the development of the industry. Third, the size of enterprises is small, so the competitiveness of Vietnam’s textile and garment industry is limited in the international arena.

As a rule, strategic decision-making is associated with a large number of factors to be taken into account, the availability of semi-structured and unstructured data as well as insufficient background information. In these circumstances, in order to evaluate and select strategic initiatives, it seems appropriate to use expert estimates in combination with traditional methods for management accounting and investment analysis. An important aspect of strategic decision-making is simulation of problem situations that are understood as a status of environment in the future. Given that there are different approaches to modeling problem situations and a variety of decision- making methods, the authors suggest a multi-version processing of expert estimates. To perform the necessary calculations, it is recommended to use a special decision support system. The article focuses on developing an approach to make strategic managerial decisions through simulation of problem situations and multi-version processing of expert estimates using proper methods for decision-making and information systems. When modeling problem situations, it is necessary to take into account environmental factors that are essential for decision-making, given that considered factors can be either independent or interdependent. A hierarchy analysis method is discussed as one of the methods for assessing the probabilities of problem situations.

Research background: The research, which is the subject of the paper, is based on the global expansion of the use of electronic access control systems using biometric data for user verification. Due to the globalization of products from foreign markets to Slovakia, there is a competition between suppliers. The disadvantage is that organizations that are considering procuring an electronic access control system focus their attention only on its price. Globalization and global use have neglected the skills gap between European, American, and Asian markets. Purpose of the article: The paper will aim to point out, through a case study, the financial and functional differences of electronic access control systems. In the case study, a comparison of three different systems with the possibility of procurement on the European, American, and Asian markets will be performed on the building - administrative building. Methods: The article will mainly use methods such as the global method and the optimization model of the financial plan. As well as a case study, the cooperation of achieved results and analysis of possibilities of foreign markets. Findings & Value added: The results achieved by the paper will be globally usable in the conditions of European countries. These will be the conclusions of a case study that will point to the appropriateness of choosing an electronic access control system using biometric features in a standard office building. We can also consider the creation of a project budget usable for organizations as one of the added values.

Export support of Russian non-raw products is one of the most crucial elements of the foreign trade regulation. Among such instruments of export support there is an institute of external trade representations of Russia. What is role of external trade representations in the frame of export support and what are perspectives of their development? The article gives the overview of external trade representations statues, the detailed analyze of the forms of export support, rendered by this trade instmment at external markets, description of export support foreign infrastructure, used by USA, France and Germany. On the basis of the best foreign practice the article proposes the ways of further development of Russian export support with the use of trade representations of Russia abroad.

Basic issues of trade and economic cooperation between Russia and countries of the Persian Gulf Arab States Cooperation Council (GCC) are discussed. Despite mutual interest, relations between GCC states and Russia could not have reached sufficiently high level, specifically owing tothe influence of political factors. At the same time, in spite of rather small trade volumes and poor economic relations between Russia and GCC states, their cooperation prospects may be considered as sufficiently optimistic.

A strategy is a general plan aimed to develop a business. Even export firm that wants to develop and prosper needs some form of strategy. A company's strategic fit with the trading environment has to be continuously reconsidered because it is likely to erode. Managers should be well informed in order to develop their judgment and understanding of the driving forces that shape the business environment. The greatest mistakes are made by exporters who think they know a foreign market as well as they know their local one, only to find after an ill-fated export launch, that they do not.

Higher education institutions (HEIs), especially latecomer institutions, continue to regard exporting education services by creating a commercial presence in a foreign country with caution. The purpose of this paper is to investigate ways of creating and managing international branch campuses (IBCs) and to elaborate recommendations for universities on establishing a branch campus as an entry into the foreign education market. In order to reach this aim, we analyse the trends of IBC development in higher education in the last 30 years, compare the theory and concepts of service export in business and in higher education and, finally, conduct a case study on seven IBCs globally. The analysis shows clear synergy between business theory and higher education (HE); however, no obvious coherence is discovered between the IBC establishment practices and the traditional Uppsala internationalisation model used in international business practices. This research continues by verifying the coherence of IBCs with the revisited Uppsala model based on the relationships and market commitment.

Excessive orientation of production of a young country at the foreign market negatively influences its domestic market and results in its imbalance and narrowness. Formation of the integral economic complex creates conditions for complex development of the domestic market of the national economy and strengthening of its positions in the world market. This requires further theoretical searches for optimal models of inter-branch connections, development and economic mechanisms of realisation of programmes of complex development of economy with consideration of social consequences of the process.

Contracting a licence is buying or selling contract of technology, design and marketing experiencerelating to a product or process, and involves the contracting of knowledge and know-how. The granting of aninternational licence takes place when a company provides, in return for a fee or royalties, technology needed byanother firm to run business operations on a foreign market. When in this form, the granting of the licencerequires at least one of the following items: a brand name; operating experience; manufacturing technology;access to patents and trade secrets/industrial. Company that grants the licence get access on a foreign marketwith very low investment and, in many cases, the benefits of investment and market knowledge of a competentlocal firms. The company that received the licence get access to foreign technology, with a very smallinvestment. There are several very obvious advantages of activity under the license on international markets.The granting of a licence can improve cash flow situation for the company that attaches. Because the license ontechnology allows companies to bring products to market faster, the company enjoys early advantage of apositive balance of cash flow. In addition, obtaining a license means lower development costs. The licensedactivity may mean fewer profits in the long run. Immediate benefits of easy access to new technology, lower costsand the development of an early cash flow are attractive advantages of contracting a licence.

The article justifies urgency of the study of influence of factors on competitiveness of a company in a foreign market. It determines factors of national and international environment that influence upon competitiveness of a company in the foreign market of financial regional clusters. It describes interaction of internal and external environment of a company that performs activity in a foreign market.В статье обоснована актуальность исследования влияния факторов на конкурентоспособность предприятия на внешнем рынке. Определены факторы национальной и международной среды, влияющие на конкурентоспособность предприятия на внешнем рынке финансовых региональных кластеров. Описано взаимодействие внутренней и внешней среды предприятия, осуществляющего деятельность на внешнем рынке.

As the resource-based view suggests, firms choose their export channel on the basis of their internal pool of resources. Following this approach, we firstly hypothesize that firms with intangible resources will establish direct export channels to better exploit, protect and develop their firm-specific resources. Secondly, we propose that firms that establish their export channel on the basis of their internal resources outperform those firms that do not. To obtain empirical evidence we used a Heckman two-step model for the DOC Rioja wine industry. The results confirm that firms improve their export performance when jointly considering internal resources and the export channel. Also, human resources are the most relevant intangible resources in our model. This paper contributes by offering empirical evidence on the exporting channel strategies chosen by Spanish wineries. This paper makes a theoretical contribution by examining the performance consequences of following the RBV approach. Likewise, it has important practical implications for managers, who can improve their firm's export performance by assessing their internal resources before considering which export channel to choose.

The authors addressed matters related to import substitution, which are widely discussed in the crisis period on different levels of economic management. The interrelation of import substitu-tion and solution of one of the main tasks of Rus-sian economy - diversification - is pointed out. The authors made an attempt to disperse some stereo-types, which were formed in mass consciousness concerning substitution of import ware. Patriotism is considered as one of the factors of consumer behavior.