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Abstract The projected winter changes of the North Atlantic eddy-driven jet (EDJ) under climate change conditions have been extensively analysed. Previous studies have reported a squeezed and elongated EDJ. However, other changes present large uncertainties, specifically those related to the intensity and latitude. Here, the projections of the EDJ in a multimodel ensemble of CMIP6 are scrutinised by using a multiparametric description of the EDJ. The multimodel mean projects non-stationary responses of the EDJ latitude through the winter, characterised by a poleward shift in early winter and equator migration in late winter. These intraseasonal shifts (rather than a genuine narrowing) explain the previously established squeezing of the EDJ and are linked to the future changes in different drivers: the 200 hPa meridional temperature gradient and Atlantic warming hole in early winter, and the stratospheric vortex in late winter. Model biases also influence EDJ projections, contributing to the poleward shift in early winter.

Abstract The Andean domesticated common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) are significant sources of phenolic compounds associated with health benefits. However, the regulation of biosynthesis of these compounds during bean seed development remains unclear. To elucidate the gene expression patterns involved in the regulation of the flavonoid pathway, we conducted a transcriptome analysis of two contrasting Chilean varieties, Negro Argel (black bean) and Coscorron (white bean), at three developmental stages associated with seed color change, as well as different flavonoid compound accumulations. Our study reveals that phenolic compound synthesis initiates during seed filling, although it exhibits desynchronization between both varieties. We identified 10,153 Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) across all comparisons. The KEGG pathway ‘Flavonoid biosynthesis’ showed enrichment of induced DEGs in Negro Argel (PV172), consistent with the accumulation of delphinidin, petunidin, and malvidin hexosides in their seeds, while catechin glucoside, procyanidin and kaempferol derivatives were predominantly detected in Coscorrón (PV24). Furthermore, while the flavonoid pathway was active in both varieties, our results suggest that enzymes involved in the final steps, such as ANS and UGT, were crucial, inducing anthocyanin formation in Negro Argel. Additionally, during active anthocyanin biosynthesis, the accumulation of reserve proteins or those related to seed protection and germination was induced. These findings provide valuable insights and serve as a guide for plant breeding aimed at enhancing the health and nutritional properties of common beans.

Abstract The relative conservation of the influenza hemagglutinin (HA) stem compared to that of the immunodominant HA head makes the HA stem an attractive target for broadly protective influenza vaccines. Here we report the first-in-human, dose-escalation, open-label trial (NCT04579250) evaluating an unadjuvanted group 2 stabilized stem ferritin nanoparticle vaccine based on the H10 A/Jiangxi-Donghu/346/2013 influenza HA, H10ssF, in healthy adults. Participants received a single 20 mcg dose (n = 3) or two 60 mcg doses 16 weeks apart (n = 22). Vaccination with H10ssF was safe and well tolerated with only mild systemic and local reactogenicity reported. No serious adverse events occurred. Vaccination significantly increased homologous H10 HA stem binding and neutralizing antibodies at 2 weeks after both first and second vaccinations, and these responses remained above baseline at 40 weeks. Heterologous H3 and H7 binding antibodies also significantly increased after each vaccination and remained elevated throughout the study. These data indicate that the group 2 HA stem nanoparticle vaccine is safe and induces stem-directed binding and neutralizing antibodies.

Hydrogen (H2) is a highly efficient and clean energy source with the potential for renewable energy. The production of H2 from biological routes such as biophotolysis, photofermentation, dark fermentation, and bioelectrochemical production is characterized as a renewable alternative to current production, which is mainly based on energy-intensive electrochemical and thermochemical processes and responsible for the emission of high amounts of environmentally harmful compounds. Dark fermentation is the most efficient and cost-effective method for producing biohydrogen, making it a key research focus. This article offers a comprehensive overview of the dark fermentation process with the aim of enhancing hydrogen productivity and yields. Aspects related to the main substrates used, the inoculum sources and their pretreatment, and physical-chemical parameters of the process are covered. Furthermore, this manuscript addresses topics such as process integration, genetic and metabolic engineering of fermentative microorganisms, and the main types of bioreactors aimed at greater yields and productivity of biohydrogen to enable its production through dark fermentation on a larger scale.

Introduction: Preclinical and clinical evidence has elucidated that cannabis based medical formulations (CBMFs) may display anxiolytic, anti-depressive, and neuro-protective properties. CBMFs are often considered as novel therapeutic anxiolytic agents that can be prescribed as pharmacotherapy for symptomatic domains in anxiety disorders. Our aim was to explore effectiveness and tolerability of enriched cannabidiol (CBD) oil extract formulations in adults with anxiety symptoms in an outpatient mental health program in Colombia during the COIVD – 19 pandemic. Methods: We conducted an observational, retrospective, real world evidence (RWE) case-series at Zerenia Clinic in Bogotá, Colombia between June 2021 and December 2022. Our convenience sample consisted of people searching for CBMFs for the treatment of anxiety symptoms. A cohort of 24 adults was prescribed with enriched CBD in the form of non-sterile oral liquids suspended in sesame seed oil extracts unspecified anxiety disorder (UAD) and followed throughout the first year of treatment. Primary outcome measures established were the anxiety subscale in the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS – A), and the clinical global impression scale with regards to severity (CGI – S) at baseline, 6-month, and 12-month during follow-up. Secondary outcome measures established were HADS depression subscale (HADS – D) and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) respectively. Results: After 6 months of treatment with sublingually administered enriched CBD oil extracts in a median dosage of 100mg, more than half (54.17%) of the sample continued to report significant anxiety symptoms. After 12 months, only 37.50% persisted with significant anxiety symptoms with a median dose of 120mgs of enriched CBD oil extracts. Similar subjective improvements were reported with regards to sleep disturbances (SDs) as a secondary outcome. At baseline, less than half (46,83%) of the sample reported significant daytime sleepiness. After 6-months of enriched CBD oil extract treatment, less than one third(29,17%) continued to report SDs. At end point, a high proportion of the sample (87.50%) were considered to have normal daytime sleepiness. No significant adverse–drug reactions or deaths were reported during the 12-month follow-up. Conclusions: Further research should determine the long-term efficacy, safety and appropriate dosages of enriched CBD oil extracts in treating specific anxiety disorders rather than broad and unspecified anxiety symptoms. The state of the art of MCBFs for anxiety disorders should be warranted and solidified through randomized controlled trials. The next stage for cannabis research should be focused in performing head-to-head trials comparing enriched CBD extracts or capsules versus first-line treatments proven to be effective in anxiety disorders.

Abstract Background Eclampsia and pre-eclampsia rank as the third leading causes of maternal death in Ecuador, following pre-existing chronic diseases and postpartum haemorrhage, as reported by the Ecuadorian National Institute of Statistics and Census (INEC). In contrast, HELLP (Haemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, Low Platelet count) syndrome remains underexplored epidemiologically, not only in Latin America but globally. This study marks the first population-based investigation into HELLP syndrome incidence and mortality in Ecuador, examining geographical variations, altitude influences and ethnic backgrounds. Methods Conducted as a retrospective population-based cohort study from 2015 to 2017, this research delves into the incidence, risk factors and maternal mortality associated with HELLP syndrome in Ecuador. Utilising data from INEC and the Ecuadorian Ministry of Health, we identified HELLP syndrome cases through ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases, tenth revision) coding in hospitalised individuals. Logistic regression analysis was employed to explore association, whilst geospatial statistical analysis focused on cantons to identify significant spatial clusters. Primary outcome measures include HELLP syndrome incidence and maternal mortality, supplying crucial insights into the syndrome’s impact on maternal health in Ecuador. Results The incidence of HELLP syndrome is 0.76 (0.69–0.84)/ 1000 deliveries. Afro-Ecuadorian communities have a higher risk (Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.18 (1.03–4.63)) compared to Indigenous Ecuadorian communities. Living at mid-level or high altitude is a significant risk factor OR of 2.79 (2.19–3.55) and an OR 3.61 (2.58–5.03), respectively. Being an older mother was also identified as a risk factor. Women living more than 20 km from the obstetric unit have an OR of 2.55 (2.05–3.18). Moreover, we found that cantons with higher crude HELLP syndrome incidence also have lower numbers of physicians (R = 0.503, p-value

Patients with substance use disorders may view healthcare professionals as capable of supporting them through their suffering and experience. Although numerous studies have focused on the roles, approaches, and attitudes of healthcare professionals, there is a lack of information on the nursing perspective. This study aims to explore the experiences and nursing approaches towards patients with psychoactive substance dependence admitted to an Italian acute hospital ward. A qualitative phenomenological study was conducted. Data were collected using semi-structured face-to-face interviews. The interviews were transcribed, read thoroughly, and analysed. Fifteen nurses were interviewed. Six main themes were extracted: (1) origin context, (2) participants’ personal thoughts, (3) type of approach provided, (4) school education received on the topic, (5) effectiveness of rehabilitative therapy, and (6) methods that can improve nursing care. The findings suggest that most respondents experience stigma and discrimination when providing care to these patients. In response to the results obtained, models have been suggested, such as Jean Watson’s Human Caring Theory, which shows how practising a holistic approach based on empathy and active listening can improve the relationship between nurses and patients. Furthermore, to eliminate stereotypes, it would be appropriate to act on the university education of nurses. This study was not registered.

Abstract Obesity, a global health crisis, disrupts multiple systemic processes, contributing to a cascade of metabolic dysfunctions by promoting the pathological expansion of visceral adipose tissue (VAT). This expansion is characterized by impaired differentiation of pre-adipocytes and an increase in senescent cells, leading to a pro-inflammatory state and exacerbated oxidative stress. Particularly, the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and adipose tissue hypoxia further impair cellular function, promoting chronic disease development. This review delves into the potential of autophagy modulation and the therapeutic application of senolytics and senomorphics as novel strategies to mitigate adipose tissue senescence. By exploring the intricate mechanisms underlying adipocyte dysfunction and the emerging role of natural compounds in senescence modulation, we underscore the promising horizon of senotherapeutics in restoring adipose health. This approach not only offers a pathway to combat the metabolic complications of obesity, but also opens new avenues for enhancing life quality and managing the global burden of obesity-related conditions. Our analysis aims to bridge the gap between current scientific progress and clinical application, offering new perspectives on preventing and treating obesity-induced adipose dysfunction.

Abstract Objective Obesity represents a significant global health challenge characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation and metabolic dysregulation. The hypothalamus, a key regulator of energy homeostasis, is particularly susceptible to obesity’s deleterious effects. This study investigated the role of the immunoproteasome, a specialized proteasomal complex implicated in inflammation and cellular homeostasis, during metabolic diseases. Methods The levels of the immunoproteasome β5i subunit were analyzed by immunostaining, western blotting, and proteasome activity assay in mice fed with either a high-fat diet (HFD) or a regular diet (CHOW). We also characterized the impact of autophagy inhibition on the levels of the immunoproteasome β5i subunit and the activation of the AKT pathway. Finally, through confocal microscopy, we analyzed the contribution of β5i subunit inhibition on mitochondrial function by flow cytometry and mitophagy assay. Results Using an HFD-fed obese mouse model, we found increased immunoproteasome levels in hypothalamic POMC neurons. Furthermore, we observed that palmitic acid (PA), a major component of saturated fats found in HFD, increased the levels of the β5i subunit of the immunoproteasome in hypothalamic neuronal cells. Notably, the increase in immunoproteasome expression was associated with decreased autophagy, a critical cellular process in maintaining homeostasis and suppressing inflammation. Functionally, PA disrupted the insulin-glucose axis, leading to reduced AKT phosphorylation and increased intracellular glucose levels in response to insulin due to the upregulation of the immunoproteasome. Mechanistically, we identified that the protein PTEN, a key regulator of insulin signaling, was reduced in an immunoproteasome-dependent manner. To further investigate the potential therapeutic implications of these findings, we used ONX-0914, a specific immunoproteasome inhibitor. We demonstrated that this inhibitor prevents PA-induced insulin-glucose axis imbalance. Given the interplay between mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic disturbances, we explored the impact of ONX-0914 on mitochondrial function. Notably, ONX-0914 preserved mitochondrial membrane potential and attenuated mitochondrial ROS production in the presence of PA. Moreover, we found that ONX-0914 reduced mitophagy in the presence of PA. Conclusions Our findings strongly support the pathogenic involvement of the immunoproteasome in hypothalamic neurons in the context of HFD-induced obesity and metabolic disturbances. Targeting the immunoproteasome highlights a promising therapeutic strategy to mitigate the detrimental effects of obesity on the insulin-glucose axis and cellular homeostasis. This study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms driving obesity-related metabolic diseases and offers potential avenues for developing novel therapeutic interventions.

Background: The ability of scientists and clinicians to detect the therapeutic needs of patients with brain damage has increased in recent years. In this sense, many studies have signaled that individuals tend to experience an increase in irritability after suffering brain damage, with some patients even showing sudden aggressive outbursts. This increase in anger expression in these patients could be explained by executive functioning alterations (or executive dysfunctions), given their role in goal-oriented behaviors, along with emotional dysregulations such as alexithymia (e.g., difficulties recognizing and verbalizing feelings) and anger rumination (e.g., tendency to recall thoughts regarding experiences of frustration or anger). Therefore, it is essential to understand the mechanisms that contribute to and/or facilitate anger expression in patients with brain damage. Methods: In this regard, the main objective of this study is to assess whether executive dysfunctions (assessed with the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale) would explain anger expression (measured with the Reactive and Proactive Aggression Questionnaire) in patients with brain damage (n = 23; mean age: 56.61 ± 10.68; 57% men) compared to controls (n = 24; mean age: 60.96 ± 9.25; 33% men), paying special attention to potential moderators of this association such as alexithymia (analyzed with the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20) and anger rumination (assessed with the Anger Rumination Scale). Results: The results of the current investigation led us to conclude that anger expression in patients with brain damage was partly explained by executive dysfunction, especially in those patients who scored high in alexithymia. This model was not significant among controls. Conclusions: Thus, we highlight the importance of targeting certain psychological alterations, such as alexithymia, when implementing psychotherapeutic programs as an adjuvant to cognitive training focused on cognitive deficits (e.g., executive dysfunctions). This, in turn, would support the full recovery of individuals who have experienced brain damage.

Abstract Phenotypic heterogeneity in bacteria can result from stochastic processes or deterministic programs. The deterministic programs often involve the versatile second messenger c-di-GMP, and give rise to daughter cells with different c-di-GMP levels by deploying c-di-GMP metabolizing enzymes asymmetrically during cell division. By contrast, less is known about how phenotypic heterogeneity is kept to a minimum. Here, we identify a deterministic c-di-GMP-dependent program that is hardwired into the cell cycle of Myxococcus xanthus to minimize phenotypic heterogeneity and guarantee the formation of phenotypically similar daughter cells during division. Cells lacking the diguanylate cyclase DmxA have an aberrant motility behaviour. DmxA is recruited to the cell division site and its activity is switched on during cytokinesis, resulting in a transient increase in the c-di-GMP concentration. During cytokinesis, this c-di-GMP burst ensures the symmetric incorporation and allocation of structural motility proteins and motility regulators at the new cell poles of the two daughters, thereby generating phenotypically similar daughters with correct motility behaviours. Thus, our findings suggest a general c-di-GMP-dependent mechanism for minimizing phenotypic heterogeneity, and demonstrate that bacteria can ensure the formation of dissimilar or similar daughter cells by deploying c-di-GMP metabolizing enzymes to distinct subcellular locations.

Abstract The market for microbial gums such as xanthan, gellan, dextran, and curdlan is continuously expanding, driven by their increasing application in various industries including petroleum, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food, with the latter accounting for approximately 50% of global usage. To meet the growing demand and improve sustainability, there is a need to enhance production efficiency and reduce costs. This article addresses these issues by examining recent advancements and emerging trends in microbial gum production and application. By highlighting patented technologies and innovative approaches, the article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how the industry can achieve higher yields and economic viability. Despite being produced by different microorganisms, these gums are synthesized under similar conditions, such as pH, temperature, and medium composition. The purification or downstream processes for these gums are also comparable, primarily involving solvent precipitation, centrifugation for separation, and drying. Significant advances in gum production include genetic improvement of microbial strains to improve biopolymer performance. Additionally, alternative media are being explored, either by optimizing nutrient availability or deprivation, or by using agroindustrial by-products to reduce production costs. Engineering improvements are another strategy: bioreactor characteristics, fermentation conditions and modes of operation, and advances in downstream process are highlighted. Furthermore, the text explores emerging trends in the application of microbial gums in the food sector. Microbial gums applications are not limited to their traditional action as emulsifiers and stabilizers, but expands to new uses in biodegradable packaging films and as antioxidant and prebiotic food ingredient.

Few cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome have been reported in northeastern Argentina. However, neighboring areas show a higher incidence, suggesting underreporting. We evaluated the presence of antibodies against orthohantavirus in small rodents throughout Misiones province. Infected Akodon affinis montensis and Oligoryzomys nigripes native rodents were found in protected areas of Misiones.

Background: The bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe, disabling mental disorder characterized by phases of mania, hypomania, or depression. The present quasi-experimental study of 21 BD patients (Mage = 44 years, SD = 11.45, 6% women) compared the efficacy of a mutual aid group (MAG) with a MAG that followed a mindfulness-based intervention (MAG+M) over 6 weeks. Method: Both groups were evaluated pre-test and post-test with the following variables: depression, mania, anxiety, mindfulness, and psychological acceptance. Results: Pretest and post-test intragroup analyses showed that MAG+M improved significantly in measures of depression (z = -2.31, p = .02) and trait anxiety (z = -2.43, p = .01), while MAG did not improve in any of the measures. There were no statistically significant differences between groups in the post-test. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that mindfulness meditation may improve symptoms of depression and anxiety in a MAG for BD patients.

Abstract Aberrant neuronal circuit dynamics are at the core of complex neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia (SZ). Clinical assessment of the integrity of neuronal circuits in SZ has consistently described aberrant resting-state gamma oscillatory activity, decreased auditory-evoked gamma responses, and abnormal mismatch responses. We hypothesized that corticothalamic circuit manipulation could recapitulate SZ circuit phenotypes in rodent models. In this study, we optogenetically inhibited the mediodorsal thalamus-to-prefrontal cortex (MDT-to-PFC) or the PFC-to-MDT projection in rats and assessed circuit function through electrophysiological readouts. We found that MDT–PFC perturbation could not recapitulate SZ-linked phenotypes such as broadband gamma disruption, altered evoked oscillatory activity, and diminished mismatch negativity responses. Therefore, the induced functional impairment of the MDT–PFC pathways cannot account for the oscillatory abnormalities described in SZ.

Introduction: Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is a rare illness that consists of a destructive chronic inflammatory process of the renal parenchyma associated with recurrent infection and obstructions of the urinary tract. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a form of renal replacement therapy used in advanced kidney disease. PD patients demonstrate a systemic inflammatory state, secondary to the increase in uremic toxins, decreased filtration of proinflammatory cytokines, as well as constant exposure to bioincompatible dialysis solutions or a foreign body reaction from the catheter, among other factors, as peritoneal infections. Case Presentation: We present the clinical case of a 74-year-old woman, with a history of recurrent urinary tract infections associated with nephrolithiasis and stage 5D chronic kidney disease, on a PD program. The patient presented a non-specific 3-month state of progressive asthenia, with increased inflammatory parameters in the analytical controls. After presenting multiple negative urine cultures and peritoneal fluid cultures, she was hospitalized to study the constitutional syndrome. The imaging test revealed bilateral staghorn lithiasis with severe dilatation of the right renal pelvis and great cortical thinning. Given the suspicion of XGP, it was decided to perform right renal nephrectomy, which was confirmed after the anatomopathological study. Prior to the intervention, she was transferred to hemodialysis. Over the following months, significant clinical and analytical improvement was observed. Conclusion: The systemic inflammatory state and the risk of infections in PD can mask the diagnosis of XGP in PD patients. There are no reported cases of XGP in patients in PD.

Abstract Cumulative evidence has established that Interferon (IFN)-γ has both pathogenic and protective roles in Multiple Sclerosis and the animal model, Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, the underlying mechanisms to the beneficial effects of IFN-γ are not well understood. In this study, we found that IFN-γ exerts therapeutic effects on chronic, relapsing-remitting, and chronic progressive EAE models. The frequency of regulatory T (Treg) cells in spinal cords from chronic EAE mice treated with IFN-γ was significantly increased with no effect on Th1 and Th17 cells. Consistently, depletion of FOXP3-expressing cells blocked the protective effects of IFN-γ, indicating that the therapeutic effect of IFN-γ depends on the presence of Treg cells. However, IFN-γ did not trigger direct in vitro differentiation of Treg cells. In vivo administration of blocking antibodies against either interleukin (IL)-10, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β or program death (PD)-1, revealed that the protective effects of IFN-γ in EAE were also dependent on TGF-β and PD-1, but not on IL-10, suggesting that IFN-γ might have an indirect role on Treg cells acting through antigen-presenting cells. Indeed, IFN-γ treatment increased the frequency of a subset of splenic CD11b+ myeloid cells expressing TGF-β-Latency Associated Peptide (LAP) and program death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in a signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-1-dependent manner. Furthermore, splenic CD11b+ cells from EAE mice preconditioned in vitro with IFN-γ and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) peptide exhibited a tolerogenic phenotype with the capability to induce conversion of naïve CD4+ T cells mediated by secretion of TGF-β. Remarkably, adoptive transfer of splenic CD11b+ cells from IFN-γ-treated EAE mice into untreated recipient mice ameliorated clinical symptoms of EAE and limited central nervous system infiltration of mononuclear cells and effector helper T cells. These results reveal a novel cellular and molecular mechanism whereby IFN-γ promotes beneficial effects in EAE by endowing splenic CD11b+ myeloid cells with tolerogenic and therapeutic activities.

Background: Limited data reporting real-world prevalence of integrase strand transfer inhibitor resistance (INSTI-R) in the USA are available because their recommendation as first-line treatment in 2017. Reported national surveillance data in the USA estimated INSTI-R to be 6.3% as of 2018. This article aims to describe estimated prevalence of INSTI-R within a single clinic network in Chicago, IL, USA, and identify risk factors for resistance and virological failure (VF). Methods: This was a retrospective, single-centre study of adults with HIV starting an INSTI-containing regimen between September 2017 and 2020. The primary endpoint was the difference in INSTI-R of the sample population compared with the national prevalence. Other outcomes included VF and documented INSTI-R mutations. Results: Of 948 participants screened, 321 were included. Eight people had baseline INSTI-R testing results available, of which five had INSTI-R at baseline for an estimated prevalence of 1.6%. This estimation was significantly less than the national estimated prevalence of 6.3% (p

Abstract To compare the demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics, disease onset, and clinical features of radiographic axial Spondyloarthritis (r-axSpA) and non-radiographic axial Spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA) patients. All patients who attended outpatient spondylarthritis (SpA) clinics at Hospital General de Mexico and the Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición from 1998 to 2005 and met the rheumatologist diagnostic criteria for SpA were selected. Then the SpA patients were classified by European Spondyloarthropathy Study Group criteria (ESSG). We selected SpA patients with axial presentation as axial SpA (axSpA), and they were classified as r-axSpA if they met modified New York (mNY) criteria for sacroiliitis and as nr-axSpA if they did not meet mNY criteria; to compared clinical, demographic, and laboratory test between the subgroups. It included 148 SpA patients; 55 (37.2%) patients had r-axSpA, and 70 (47.3%) had nr-axSpA. The nr-axSpA patients had a lower proportion of males (58.6% vs 78.2%, P

Abstract Mammalian sex determination is controlled by antagonistic gene cascades operating in embryonic undifferentiated gonads. The expression of the Y-linked gene SRY is sufficient to trigger the testicular pathway, whereas its absence in XX embryos leads to ovarian differentiation. Yet, the potential involvement of non-coding regulation in this process remains unclear. Here we show that the deletion of a single microRNA cluster, miR-17~92, induces complete primary male-to-female sex reversal in XY mice. Sry expression is delayed in XY knockout gonads, which develop as ovaries. Sertoli cell differentiation is reduced, delayed and unable to sustain testicular development. Pre-supporting cells in mutant gonads undergo a transient state of sex ambiguity which is subsequently resolved towards the ovarian fate. The miR-17~92 predicted target genes are upregulated, affecting the fine regulation of gene networks controlling gonad development. Thus, microRNAs emerge as key components for mammalian sex determination, controlling Sry expression timing and Sertoli cell differentiation.

Abstract Background Frailty among older adults undergoing hemodialysis is increasingly prevalent, significantly impacting cognitive function, mobility, and social engagement. This study focuses on the clinical profiles of very older adults in hemodialysis, particularly examining the interplay of dependency and frailty, and their influence on dialysis regimens. Methods In this observational, descriptive study, 107 patients aged over 75 from four outpatient centers and one hospital unit were examined over a year. Patient data encompassed sociodemographic factors, dialysis specifics, analytical outcomes, lifestyle elements, and self-reported post-treatment fatigue. Malnutrition-inflammation scale was used to measure the Nutritional status; MIS scale for malnutrition-inflammation, Barthel index for dependency, Charlson comorbidity index; FRIED scale for frailty and the SF12 quality of life measure. Results The study unveiled that a substantial number of older adults on hemodialysis faced malnutrition (55%), dependency (21%), frailty (46%), and diminished quality of life (57%). Patients with dependency were distinctively marked by higher comorbidity, severe malnutrition, enhanced frailty, nursing home residency, dependency on ambulance transportation, and significantly limited mobility, with 77% unable to walk. Notably, 56% of participants experienced considerable post-dialysis fatigue, correlating with higher comorbidity, increased dependency, and poorer quality of life. Despite varying clinical conditions, dialysis patterns were consistent across the patient cohort. Conclusions The older adult cohort, averaging over four years on hemodialysis, exhibited high rates of comorbidity, frailty, and dependency, necessitating substantial support in transport and living arrangements. A third of these patients lacked residual urine output, yet their dialysis regimen mirrored those with preserved output. The study underscores the imperative for tailored therapeutic strategies to mitigate dependency, preserve residual renal function, and alleviate post-dialysis fatigue, ultimately enhancing the physical quality of life for these patients.

Las mipymes, generadoras del 55,3% de plazas de empleo en el Ecuador, siguen necesitadas de fundamentos operativos actualizados que destaquen su problemática y sus estrategias. Esta investigación se centró en el análisis de los principales obstáculos que enfrentan estas empresas en Guayaquil-Ecuador a la hora de desarrollar su actividad de negocio, a los fines de determinar las propuestas que solicitan para mejorar su competitividad ante el actual escenario global. Para ello, se realizó un estudio de tipo mixto con base en la entrevista en profundidad a 10 expertos en el área mipyme del ámbito local. La triangulación de resultados permitió concluir en cinco obstáculos principales: Burocracia o deficiencias de la Administración Pública; acceso a la financiación; internacionalización; organización-dirección de las empresas; y, dificultades para acceder a personal cualificado. Para la propuesta de cinco acciones estratégicas: Incremento de las subvenciones-ayudas a las mipymes; reducción de impuestos; formación al personal; promoción de un sistema bancario centrado en la financiación de las mipymes; y, facilitación de procesos de integración, cooperación y colaboración entre las empresas. La mayoría de tales acciones requieren intervención de los gobiernos locales y/o nacionales para la formulación de políticas que beneficien a las mipymes en lo tributario y financiero.

La cultura de la inocuidad alimentaria abarca valores, creencias y normas que influyen en la mentalidad y el comportamiento hacia la seguridad alimentaria en organizaciones. Los expertos abogan por establecer esta cultura para mejorar prácticas. En ausencia de investigaciones locales, este estudio evaluó la cultura de la inocuidad según la Iniciativa Global de Inocuidad Alimentaria (GFSI) en una industria de Alimentos Listos para Consumo (ALC) en El Salvador en el periodo de noviembre 2022 a mayo 2023. Usando encuestas, entrevistas y observación, se analizaron datos para validar los resultados. Se diagnosticó la madurez de la cultura, proponiendo un Plan de Acción y Comunicación para abordar brechas identificadas. La encuesta reveló que los empleados poseen una buena cultura de inocuidad alimentaria. El mayor porcentaje de cumplimiento de inocuidad alimentaria para el grupo total encuestado (60 empleados) se obtuvo en la dimensión de Concientización de peligros y riesgos con un 89.1% y el menor porcentaje correspondió a la dimensión Adaptabilidad con un 80.9%. La entrevista evidenció que los empleados en general saben identificar claramente experiencias relacionadas con la inocuidad en su área y que conocen los riesgos y peligros que esto conlleva. Se determinó que los empleados cuentan con el conocimiento en inocuidad alimentaria lo cual se exterioriza en su comportamiento, no obstante, existen aspectos a mejorar. La comunicación es buena, pero debe ocurrir de manera regular y ser accesible cada vez que se desee. El grado de madurez de la empresa fue de aproximadamente 3.5, que de acuerdo con el modelo de madurez utilizado corresponde al nivel CONOCER: las personas de toda la empresa conocen la seguridad alimentaria y demuestran ese conocimiento.

Background: To evaluate the anatomical and functional outcomes of high-density subthreshold micropulse laser (HSML) treatment in a cohort of patients diagnosed with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) whose treatment with photodynamic therapy (PDT) was delayed due to the worldwide shortage of verteporfin. Methods: Prospective interventional study which included 42 eyes of 40 patients diagnosed with chronic CSCR and on the waiting list for PDT who received rescue therapy with HSML using the Navilas® System device (OD-OS GmBH, Teltwo, Germany). Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), subretinal fluid (SRF), and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) were measured at inclusion and during the follow-up visits at 2, 4, and 6 months. Results: The mean waiting time from the indication of PDT until treatment with HSML was 14.6 ± 9.7 months (range 5–21). There were no differences in the pre-treatment BCVA compared with the 6-month follow-up visit (67 ± 16.7 letters and 67.5 ± 8.2 letters respectively, p = 0.136). However, there was a significant decrease in the mean SFCT of -39.6 ± 37.1 μm (p = 0.030). Additionally, there was a decrease in SRF height between the pre-treatment measure (123.0 ± 49.8 μm) and the 2, 4, and 6-month follow-up visits after HSML of -58.5 ± 68.2 μm, -53.2 ± 76.3 μm, and -65.4 ± 53.6 μm respectively (p < 0.001). A complete resolution of the SRF was observed in 16/42 eyes (38.1 %) and a reduction of the SRF height in 85.7 % of the overall cohort was observed after HSML treatment. Conclusion: A significant anatomical improvement in SRF and a decrease in SFCT were observed in patients with CSCR who were previously waiting for PDT and were rescued by HSML. However, the rate of complete SRF resolution was low.

Summary: Background: Surgical care holds significant importance in healthcare, especially in low and middle-income countries, as at least 50% of the 4.2 million deaths within the initial 30 days following surgery take place in these countries. The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery proposed six indicators to enhance surgical care. In Colombia, studies have been made using secondary data. However, strategies to reduce perioperative mortality have not been implemented. This study aims to describe the fourth indicator, perioperative mortality rate (POMR), with primary data in Colombia. Methods: A multicentre prospective cohort study was conducted across 54 centres (hospitals) in Colombia. Each centre selected a 7-day recruitment period between 05/2022 and 01/2023. Inclusion criteria involved patients over 18 years of age undergoing surgical procedures in operating rooms. Data quality was ensured through a verification guideline and statistical analysis using mixed-effects multilevel modelling with a case mix analysis of mortality by procedure-related, patient-related, and hospital-related conditions. Findings: 3807 patients were included with a median age of 48 (IQR 32–64), 80.3% were classified as ASA I or II, and 27% of the procedures had a low-surgical complexity. Leading procedures were Orthopedics (19.2%) and Gynaecology/Obstetrics (17.7%). According to the Clavien–Dindo scale, postoperative complications were distributed in major complications (11.7%, 10.68–12.76) and any complication (31.6%, 30.09–33.07). POMR stood at 1.9% (1.48–2.37), with elective and emergency surgery mortalities at 0.7% (0.40–1.23) and 3% (2.3–3.89) respectively. Interpretation: The POMR was higher than the ratio reported in previous national studies, even when patients had a low–risk profile and low-complexity procedures. The present research represents significant public health progress with valuable insights for national decision-makers to improve the quality of surgical care. Funding: This work was supported by Universidad del Rosario and Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología grant number CTO-057-2021, project-ID IV-FGV017.

La investigación tiene como objetivo analizar los hábitos de lectoescritura actuales en el contexto educativo de la Zona 5 de Ecuador, enfocándose en potenciarlos a través del uso crítico y creativo de herramientas digitales. Se hizo uso del paradigma positivista, un enfoque de investigación mixto y una muestra significativa de 802 estudiantes y 100 docentes, lo cual permite una evaluación tanto cuantitativa como cualitativa de las prácticas educativas vigentes. Los hallazgos revelan una implementación notable de Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación por parte de los docentes; sin embargo, se destaca la presencia de una considerable brecha digital. Asimismo, se percibe una disminución en las habilidades lingüísticas, atribuida a un currículo educativo desactualizado, evidenciando la necesidad de fortalecer la lectoescritura desde edades tempranas. A pesar de la amalgama de métodos pedagógicos tradicionales y contemporáneos, existe un margen amplio para incrementar la adopción de herramientas digitales avanzadas en educación. Se concluye que predominan los hábitos y estrategias tradicionales, aunque se nota una emergencia gradual de aspectos más modernas. La investigación aboga por una integración consciente de tecnologías actuales, preservando los métodos tradicionales validados y enfatizando la necesidad de promover espacios de aprendizaje focalizados, hacia una educación más profunda y reflexiva.

Structures subjected to explosive loading have become a reality in recent years. With the advent of wars and terrorists’ attacks around the world, it has become extremely necessary to understand the behavior of civil engineering structures as to resist such extreme loads. In this way, the DYNAblast 1.0 software needed to be updated to include another equation to characterize the explosion, the extended positive phase, as well as allowing the user to manipulate the distance between the explosive source and the target as an input data, thus making DYNAblast 1.1 a more complete software.

Introducción y objetivos: El sistema de Tandilia (Buenos Aires, Argentina) es un refugio fundamental para una biota altamente diversa frente a la variabilidad climática durante el Cenozoico medio-tardío, especialmente para helechos y licofitas de la flora pampeana. La geología y cercanía al mar del sudeste del sistema de Tandilia plantean interrogantes sobre la composición y afinidades biogeográficas de helechos y licofitas. Ante la transformación antrópica del paisaje urge inventariar las especies y los microambientes en los que se desarrollan. Este trabajo presenta un inventario de la riqueza y frecuencia de helechos y licofitas del sudeste de Tandilia asociado a diferentes microambientes serranos, su afinidad biogeográfica y una clave dicotómica para el área. M&M: Se realizaron colectas entre 2006-2024 en sierras de los Partidos de Balcarce y General Pueyrredon y se comparó estos registros con los de la flora de helechos y licofitas de Ventania y Tandilia. Resultados: El sudeste de Tandilia registra el 51% de los helechos y licofitos reportados para el Sistema de Tandilia. Se observó un incremento de elementos austro-brasileños y una disminución de austral-antárticos vinculado a aspectos latitudinales y biogeográficos. Se determinaron adaptaciones que les permiten desarrollarse en un gradiente de disponibilidad hídrica asociado a diferentes microambientes. Ocho especies fueron catalogadas como raras debido a su baja frecuencia. Conclusiones: Los resultados muestran la necesidad planificar áreas de conservación de la flora de helechos y licofitas del sistema serrano de Tandilia.

Introduction: Iodine is an essential mineral for fetal growth and brain development. The aim of this research was to evaluate goiter, iodine deficiency and intrauterine growth restriction in pregnant women of minority ethnic groups in Colombia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in six non-metropolitan areas of Colombia. Results: A total of 318 Indigenous and Afro-descendant pregnant women were invited to participate: 248 (83.2%) Indigenous and 50 (16.8%) Afro-descendants were studied. The mean age was 24 years (range 13-44 years). Of the women, 130 (43.5%) were from the department of Cauca, 72 (24.1%) were from Córdoba, 28 (9.4%) were from Guajira, 26 (8.8%) were from Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, 22 (7.4%) were from Amazonas, 16 (5.4%) were from Meta and 4 (1.3%) were from the department of Cesar. A total of 244 (81.8%) were illiterate and 291 (97.7%) were of very low socioeconomic level. Goiter was observed in 69 (23.3%) pregnant women (38 (41.7%) from the department of Cauca, 10 (35.7%) from Guajira, 5 (31.2%) from Meta, 6 (27.2%) from Amazonas and 10 (13.8%) from Córdoba). Iodine deficiency (

Este estudio evaluó un programa de intervención destinado a fortalecer el desarrollo cognitivo, lingüístico, motriz y socioafectivo en niños de edad preescolar mediante la capacitación de padres en técnicas de lecto-escritura y habilidades pedagógicas. Los resultados mostraron una efectividad general del programa, aunque con variabilidad significativa en el rendimiento entre los grupos evaluados. Específicamente, el logro en las habilidades motrices y socioafectivas varió, con algunos grupos alcanzando solo el 35.56% en desarrollo motriz, mientras otros llegaron hasta el 50.62%. Estas diferencias subrayan la necesidad de adaptar y mejorar la implementación del programa para garantizar la efectividad y consistencia en todos los grupos. El análisis de los indicadores de logro final destacó desafíos particulares en las áreas menos desarrolladas y resaltó la importancia de integrar actividades que promuevan habilidades socioemocionales y motrices de manera más efectiva. La alta disposición de los padres para participar en futuras intervenciones (más del 85% expresaron interés) refleja el valor percibido del programa y sugiere la viabilidad de proyectos de seguimiento que continúen apoyando el desarrollo infantil de manera prolongada. Este estudio enfatiza la importancia de personalizar los programas educativos según las necesidades individuales de cada niño y realizar ajustes continuos basados en evaluaciones detalladas para optimizar la educación temprana.

ObjectivesWe aimed to advance our understanding of the effect of chess on cognition by expanding previous univariate studies with the use of graph theory on cognitive data. Specifically, we investigated the cognitive connectome of adult chess players.MethodWe included 19 chess players and 19 controls with ages between 39 and 69 years. Univariate analysis and graph theory included 27 cognitive measures representing multiple cognitive domains and subdomains. Graph analysis included global and nodal measures of integration, segregation, and centrality. We also performed an analysis of community structures to gain an additional understanding of the cognitive architecture of chess players.ResultsThe analysis of global graph measures showed that chess players had a higher local efficiency than controls at the cost of a lower global efficiency, which did not permeate segregation aspects of their connectome. The nodal graph measures showed that executive/attention/processing speed and visuoconstructive nodes had a central role in the connectome of chess players. The analysis of communities showed that chess players had a slightly reorganized cognitive architecture into three modules. These graph theory findings were in the context of better cognitive performance in chess players than controls in visuospatial abilities.ConclusionWe conclude that the cognitive architecture of chess players is slightly reorganized into functionally and anatomically coherent modules reflecting a distinction between visual, verbal, and executive/attention/processing speed-related functions, perhaps reminiscent of right hemisphere and left hemisphere subnetworks orchestrated by the frontal lobe and its white matter connections.

Se presentan resultados de una experiencia formativa con futuros profesores de matemáticas, centrada en el análisis didáctico de materiales curriculares sobre probabilidad. Aunque hubo progreso en la identificación de objetos matemáticos, se encontraron dificultades para reconocer situaciones-problema, procedimientos, proposiciones y argumentos, así como los significados de probabilidad. En la valoración experta de la idoneidad didáctica de la normativa, se observaron deficiencias, pero los participantes no evaluaron adecuadamente dichas carencias, especialmente en las facetas epistémica y cognitiva. Estas limitaciones podrían deberse a la falta de formación específica y al poco tiempo para familiarizarse con los indicadores de idoneidad.

Esta investigación con diseño no experimental de tipo descriptivo con enfoque cuantitativo tiene por objetivo determinar las barreras más significativas que afectan la promoción de la actividad física y la concienciación dentro de la comunidad universitaria femenina en la Universidad Técnica de Machala. Se recopilaron datos utilizando el auto-informe (ABPEF). Además, se emplearon los método analítico-sintético y análisis documental como herramientas complementarias, que contribuyeron de manera significativa a la revisión de la literatura. También se empleó el método estadístico en la planificación, recolección, procesamiento y análisis de los datos. En conclusión, se reconoce que la actividad física es fundamental para mejorar la calidad de vida de las mujeres universitarias. Es crucial abordar y superar las barreras identificadas como una valiosa contribución a la formación integral de esta población, considerando especialmente aquellas relacionadas con la pereza, la preocupación por la percepción del aspecto físico, inadecuadas infraestructuras, la falta de tiempo y las obligaciones familiares, que son las más percibidas y que representan desafíos significativos para la participación en actividades físicas estructuradas (ejercicios y deportes).

This study presents a preliminary analysis of a new instrument oriented at the analysis of processes in EMDR trauma therapy, the Processing Difficulties Scale (PDS). This scale includes 17 items described by experienced EMDR consultants and practitioners as indicative of problems during memory reprocessing. The proposed factorial solution based on four factors explains a total variance explained of 55% and an adequate goodness of fit, based on the proposed indices: RMSEA = 0.07; TLI = 0.91; CFI = 0.95. Table 1 shows the factorial loads for each of the items. The first factor includes 5 items (7, 8, 9, 10, 11), the second factor includes 6 items (13, 14, 25, 27, 28, 31), the third factor includes 3 items (3, 16, 22) and the fourth factor includes 3 items (19, 23, 24). Confirmatory analysis confirms the factorial solution proposed in the exploratory analysis factor and based on four factors with 17 items. The analysis of internal consistency from Cronbach’s alpha and the Omega index shows good internal consistency: Factor 1 (good processing; α = 0.92; ω = 0.94), Factor 2 (lack of generalization and/or absence of changes; α = 0.87; ω = 0.90), Factor 3 (poor emotional processing; α = 0.83; ω = 0.85) an Factor 4 (loss of dual attention; α = 0.82; ω = 0.83). In the case of the total scale, both coefficients exceeded 0.90, with an alpha of 0.92 and an Omega of 0.94. The convergent and discriminant validity criteria were estimated by calculating correlations, exploring the relationship between the factors resulting from the final result, the global severity index (GSI) of the SCL-90 and the level of improvement (NGS). These statistical analyses showed good levels of convergent and discriminant validity for all final factors. The PDS may offer a different perspective to analyze the controversy between clinicians and researchers about the need of a preparation phase in patients with complex early traumatization, dissociative symptoms and/or emotion dysregulation, and the different results in specific research around this topic. Exploring the problems in processing in a transdiagnostic way, in a preliminary analysis, we found that the number of early traumatic events measured with the ACE correlates positively with indicators of a loss of dual attention, while emotional dysregulation measured with the DERS does not predict poor processing. Finally, the dissociation measured with the DES seems to correlate positively with the indicators of a loss of dual attention during processing, not seeming to predict poor processing but did show a negative correlation with the indicators of good general processing. These results partially support the findings of some authors on the involvement of certain variables in the processing of traumatic memories, and it may be interesting to evaluate processing styles and their relationship with various indicators, to develop specific interventions in phase 2 of EMDR therapy, thus improving clinical interventions.

In 2021, the Iberian Electricity Market, which includes Portugal and Spain, experienced a significant increase in electricity prices. On average, prices tripled compared to pre-pandemic levels in 2019, despite stable demand. This trend, though less pronounced in other European markets, has raised concerns about the efficiency and competitiveness of wholesale electricity markets. This study investigates the bidding behavior of non-pumped hydropower plants in the Iberian market, employing a merit order model based on real data from 2019 to 2021. The analysis reveals a clear mismatch between hydropower bid prices and actual production costs. Although this practice is legal, it conflicts with the European Union's goal of promoting fair competition within the internal electricity market.Our findings suggest that aligning hydropower bid prices with 2019 levels could have reduced annual market costs by approximately 2324 million euros under a moderate scenario. This indicates substantial potential for cost savings and improved integration of hydropower. However, this strategy also benefits companies that own these hydropower plants, as they often possess large portfolios and can capitalize on increased market prices through other plants, particularly renewable energy units, which offer electricity at very low prices and have a high likelihood of being dispatched.Furthermore, the study highlights regulatory gaps allowing hydropower plants to price low-cost energy similarly to thermal plants, raising consumer costs and distorting market dynamics. These findings emphasize the need for stronger regulatory oversight and reforms to prevent excessive price inflation by hydropower, which plays a critical role in renewable energy integration and grid stability. Policymakers must ensure fair pricing while compensating hydropower plants for their flexibility and essential contributions to the energy system.

Urban greenspaces face significant anthropogenic transformation, impacting soil ecosystems, multifunctionality, and global biodiversity. With increasing population and urbanization, understanding the drivers influencing soil nematode communities in urban greenspaces is crucial for sustainable urban ecosystem management. We chose the campus of The Ohio State University (OSU) due to its unique urban settings with minimally disturbed both turf and non-turf ecosystems. This study focuses on nematodes, the often-overlooked ecological engineers which play diverse roles in ecosystem functions. Nematodes were collected from 99 sampling locations across three soil depths to represent two ecosystem types (i.e., turf and non-turf) of the OSU campus. Among plant parasitic nematodes (PPN), Helicotylenchus and Pratylenchus populations were above damage threshold limits. No specific pattern of community composition was observed in the spatial variation map. The presence of rare PPN genera in the lower soil layers had a significant impact on beta diversity. Trophic group abundances displayed distinct patterns, with turf ecosystems exhibiting higher PPN as well as total nematode abundance decreasing with soil depths. In the subsurface layer (10–30 cm), both bacterivores and fungivores were higher in the non-turf than turf ecosystem. Fungal-dominated decomposition of organic matter was observed in both ecosystem types. Soil physiochemical properties, specifically, total organic carbon and soil texture, had a significant impact on PPN community composition. However, nematode trophic group composition was more altered by ecosystem type than edaphic factors followed by soil depths. Together these three explanatory variables explained 27.5 % of the total variance in trophic group composition. Overall, this study provides insights into the complex interactions between PPN, trophic groups, soil properties, and urban ecosystem characteristics, contributing valuable knowledge for sustainable urban greenspace management.

Aims: To determine the risk factors associated with amputations in hospitalized patients with diabetic foot infection. Methods: this is a prospective study conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Panama between January 2010 and December 2016. We included all patients admitted to the hospital with diabetes and diabetic foot infection. A total of 351 patients were included, and a survey to assess for demographic and clinical factors was completed prospectively until discharge. The outcome was lower limb amputation. Results: Sixty-one participants (17.4 %) required a lower limb amputation, and 22 (36.1 %) were major amputations. Several factors were associated with amputation in the univariate analysis: history of foot infection, history of amputation, peripheral arterial disease, a major index ulcer area, duration of the index ulcer >30 days, Grade III 3D severity according to Texas scale, a greater IDSA classification, the presence of necrosis and osteomyelitis. Nevertheless, multiple logistic regression revealed significant relationships between amputations and necrosis (P

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Mechanic sutures represent an enormous benefit for digestive surgery in decreasing postoperative complications. Currently, the advantages of motorized stapler are under evaluation. AIMS: To compare the efficacy of mechanic versus motorized stapler in gastric surgery, analyzing rate of leaks, bleeding, time of stapling, and postoperative complications. METHODS: Ninety-eight patients were submitted to gastric surgery, divided into three groups: laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) (n=47), Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) (n=30), and laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (LDG) (n=21). Motorized staplers were employed in 61 patients. The number of firings, number of clips, time of total firings, total time to complete the surgery, and postoperative outcome were recorded in a specific protocol. RESULTS: Patients submitted to LSG, LRYGB, and LDG recorded a shorter time to complete the procedure and a smaller number of firings were observed using motorized stapler (p

El desarrollo de la percepción temporo-espacial en niños de Educación Inicial es crucial para su evolución cognitiva y motriz. Sin embargo, existe una carencia de estrategias claras y efectivas para estimular este aspecto en el entorno educativo, lo que lleva a problemas en el rendimiento académico y en habilidades motoras esenciales. El objetivo general de esta revisión sistemática es analizar metodologías y resultados de intervenciones psicomotoras para promover el desarrollo de la percepción temporo-espacial en niños de Educación Inicial. La investigación se llevó a cabo mediante una revisión sistemática, consultando bases de datos como Scopus, PubMed, ERIC y Google Scholar. Se utilizaron estrategias de búsqueda específicas con términos clave en español y portugués, mediante el protocolo PRISMA se realizó la segmentación de estudios enfocados entre los años 2019 y 2024. Los resultados de aplicar este protocolo identificaron 152 estudios iniciales, de los cuales 17 fueron seleccionados para este estudio. La revisión reveló que las intervenciones psicomotoras tienen un impacto significativo en el desarrollo de la percepción temporo-espacial, mejorando la coordinación motriz y las habilidades cognitivas de los niños. Estas intervenciones son esenciales no solo para el desarrollo motor, sino también para la preparación académica y social de los niños, facilitando una transición más fluida a niveles educativos superiores. En conclusión se subraya la importancia de implementar programas psicomotores bien estructurados en el currículo de Educación Inicial, dado su impacto comprobado en el desarrollo integral de los niños, sugiriendo además la necesidad de más investigaciones para adaptarlas a diferentes contextos educativos.

A forma como o fortalecimento das cadeias de produtos da sociobiodiversidade apoia a transição para a bioeconomia é pouco compreendida. No presente artigo, realizou-se uma aproximação ao fortalecimento das cadeias da sociobiodiversidade com base no estudo de caso da cadeia produtiva do baru. Os dados de entrevistas semiestruturadas (n = 114) a diversos agentes da cadeia produtiva foram analisados a partir da análise temática visando compreender as percepções dos agentes sobre oportunidades e desafios para o fortalecimento da cadeia e suas contribuições para promover a bioeconomia do Cerrado baseada na sociobiodiversidade. Os resultados sugeriram que, apesar das oportunidades para fortalecer a cadeia, ainda são inúmeros os desafios enfrentados por ela para desencadear processos de desenvolvimento com o viés sustentável que a bioeconomia persegue.

Este trabajo presenta una investigación con énfasis en el cuento motor enfatizando en el desarrollo de la expresión corporal y motricidad en Educación Inicial, abarcando los aspectos cognitivos, físicos y emocionales. Esta revisión sistemática tiene como objetivo describir los niveles de desarrollo de la expresión corporal que proporcionan la utilización de los cuentos motores como recursos de herramientas pedagógicas en estas áreas, determinado su desarrollo motor en el contexto educativo. Se siguió el protocolo PRISMA para realizar estudios sistemáticos, identificando 289 artículos en bases de datos como Google académico, Web of Science, Redalyc, Scielo. Tras eliminar duplicados se seleccionaron 15 estudios pertinentes publicados en el año 2019- 2023. Los criterios de inclusión consideran artículos que utilizan métodos cuantitativos para abordar la calidad de aprendizaje de la expresión corporal y habilidades motoras en la Educación Inicial. En la búsqueda se utilizan operadores booleanos (AND, OR). Los estudios seleccionados muestran el correcto desarrollo de la expresión corporal y motriz en Educación Inicial que tiene un efecto positivo en el desarrollo general del niño. Se ha observado programas apropiados para los niveles bajos de expresión corporal y desarrollo motor alcanzado en la categoría obtenida. En conclusión, la revisión destaca la importancia de integrar la expresión corporal y las habilidades motoras, utilizando el espacio físico en las instituciones educativas infantiles y asegurar una educación de calidad a sus hijos.

Introduction: Post-stroke movement disorders (PSMD) represent an important proportion of secondary movement disorders. Although extrapyramidal structures are frequently affected by stroke, the incidence of post-stroke movement disorders is relatively low. Purpose: We report the case of a patient who developed hemiballismus of ischemic vascular origin, caused by a lacunar infarct in the right lenticular and capsular region. Case presentation: We present the case of an 82-year-old male who came to the emergency department with sudden-onset hyperkinetic movements on the left side of his body. Clinical history and diagnostic tests indicated a vascular origin. Conclusions: The sudden onset of movement disorders should alert healthcare personnel to the possibility of an ongoing cerebrovascular event.

IntroductionThe objective of this article is to analyze the social representation of odors and the identity of the population in the Ñuble region between 2019 and 2023. The research focuses on how industrialization and urban and rural development have altered the olfactory landscape of this region. This study seeks to understand how changes in the physical environment affect the representation of odors and how these, in turn, impact the daily lives of residents. The importance of smells is highlighted not only as sensory experiences, but also as social phenomena that influence the perception of the environment and community relationships.MethodsThe research adopts an interpretive approach, combining case studies and analysis of primary sources. The analysis is categorized into two main areas: public policy on odors and the situation of odors in the cities of Chillán Viejo and Chillán. Primary sources include government documents, technical reports, and interviews with residents and local authorities. The interpretive approach allows us to explore the perceptions and subjective experiences of odors among the residents of Ñuble.ResultsThe study reveals that industrialization and urban and rural development have significantly transformed the olfactory landscape of the Ñuble region. In Chillán Viejo and Chillán, residents report changes in odors due to industrial expansion and urbanization. Public odor policy has attempted to mitigate negative impacts, but results have been mixed. While some measures have improved air quality, others have been insufficient to address community concerns.Discussion and conclusionSmells in Ñuble are not merely sensory experiences, but social phenomena that deeply affect the daily lives of residents. The perception of smells is closely linked to the identity and history of the region. Changes in the olfactory landscape have generated both adaptations and resistance among inhabitants. Public policies must consider not only the technical aspects of air quality, but also the social and cultural dimensions of odors. This study highlights the need to address odors as an integral part of urban planning and environmental policy to improve the quality of life of residents in Ñuble.

En este trabajo se revisa el contenido de dos libros de homenaje acerca de dos profesores chihuahuenses de Filosofía: Enrique Pallares Ronquillo y Arturo Rico Bovio. Ambos reconocidos por su labor pedagógica y sus ideas. Sin embargo, existen varios cuestionamientos historiográficos que quedan sin resolver a lo largo de la mayor parte de los capítulos. ¿Cómo ha de describirse y comprenderse el trabajo filosófico de ambos?, ¿cuál es el medio político, social, intelectual y cultural en el que surgieron y se desarrollaron sus filosofías?, ¿qué vínculo tiene cada autor, que participó en los libros de homenaje, con Rico y Pallares?, ¿de qué manera contribuyen ambos textos con la flaca memoria de la filosofía local?

Esta investigación indaga en las transformaciones a nivel compositivo de una historia que surgió en la plataforma social Twitter y concluyó como novela publicada en formato libro. Los relatos Todo está bien y El otro Manuel corresponden al ámbito de la ficción. Fueron escritos por el mismo autor, con el segundo como una secuela de la obra publicada en el microblogging; sin embargo, se trata de narrativas concebidas para entornos mediáticos diferentes, cuyas características condicionan su composición textual. A partir del análisis de los textos narrativos propuesto por Mike Bal, se determinó el impacto de la multimedialidad, interactividad y demás características del entorno digital en el tradicional formato libro. Entre las conclusiones se destaca la compensación de las posibilidades que ofrece la plataforma Twitter mediante recursos textuales identificados en el entorno analógico, como intertextos, falsas interacciones o diálogos y transcripciones en las que se determinó una intencionalidad figurativa.

Objetivo. Estimar la prevalencia de Cryptosporidium spp. en becerros de doble propósito en ranchos ganaderos de Veracruz, México, mediate la prueba de inmunoflourescencia directa (IFD). Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio epidemiológico transversal en cinco municipios de Veracruz. Los animales incluidos en el estudio fueron becerros de entre 1 y 60 días de nacidos. Se tomaron muestras de heces directamente del recto. Se utilizó la técnica de centrifugación de Faust modificada para concentrar ooquistes y la IFD para la detección de los mismos. En cada rancho se aplicaron encuestas para conocer las características de los animales y el manejo. Se estimó la prevalencia general y específica. Las variables se analizaron mediante la prueba univariada de Chi cuadrada para determinar posibles asociaciones epidemiológicas. Resultados. La prevalencia general de Cryptosporidium spp. fue de 69.9%, y el municipio con mayor prevalencia fue Tlalixcoyan (96.6%). No se encontró diferencia significativa entre la edad, sexo, raza y consistencia de las heces de los becerros. El rancho (R9) fue el único factor asociado a Cryptosporidium spp. en los becerros estudiados. Conclusiones. Existe una alta prevalencia de Cryptosporidium spp. en becerros doble propósito de Veracruz, México. Para la mejor comprensión de la dinámica de transmisión y potencial zoonótico de este protozoo se requieren determinar las especies y genotipos predominantes en la región.

La contaminación acústica representa un fenómeno ambiental muy común en la actualidad. Sus efectos a la salud humana pueden abarcar problemas de audición, afecciones cardiacas, disminución de la calidad de sueño, dolores de cabeza, estrés, entre otras. La preocupación alrededor de esta problemática ha incentivado la realización de diversos estudios para monitorear el ruido en zonas urbanas. En función de esto, surgen diversos modelos matemáticos para describir los niveles de ruido. No obstante, la mayoría de estos modelos se basa en la magnitud de las mediciones realizadas mediante sonómetros, sin identificar las fuentes de ruido. En consecuencia, se desconoce la cercanía del punto de concentración de ruido, y por ende la verdadera intensidad de ruido percibida por las personas presentes en la zona. En este estudio, se propone un nuevo modelo para triangular los niveles de sonido a partir de tres sonómetros distribuidos de forma equidistante en el área de interés. El muestreo se realizó en la zona comercial del centro de la ciudad de Babahoyo, Ecuador, en distintos horarios entre las 07:00 y 18:00. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que el ruido equivalente percibido por los individuos presentes se encuentra alrededor de los 120 dB, y es significativamente mayor al detectado por los sonómetros individualmente. En consecuencia, se demuestra que los niveles de ruidos presentes en la zona sobrepasan los valores permitidos por la OMS, representando amenazas a la salud humana. Por tanto, se resalta la necesidad de implementar medidas y regulaciones para amortiguar el ruido generado o mitigar sus efectos.