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The precipitation estimates from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (named TMPA and TMPA-RT for the near real-time version) are widely used both in research and in operational forecasting. However, they will be discontinued soon. The products from the Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG) and The Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) are analyzed as potential replacements for TMPA products. The objective of this study is to assess whether the IMERG and/or GSMaP products can properly replace TMPA in several regions with different precipitation regimes within Brazil. The validation study was conducted during the period from 1st of April, 2014 to the 28th of February, 2017 (1065 days), using daily accumulated rain gauge stations over Brazil. Six regions were considered for this study: five according to the precipitation regime, plus another one for the entire Brazilian territory. IMERG-Final, TMPA-V7 and GSMaP-Gauges were the selected versions of those algorithms for this validation study, which include a bias adjustment with monthly (IMERG and TMPA) and daily (GSMaP) gauge accumulations, because they are widely used in the user’s community. Results indicate similar behavior for IMERG and TMPA products, showing that they overestimate precipitation, while GSMaP tend to slightly underestimate the amount of rainfall in most of the analyzed regions. The exception is the northeastern coast of Brazil, where all products underestimate the daily rainfall accumulations. For all analyzed regions, GSMaP and IMERG products present a better performance compared to TMPA products; therefore, they could be suitable replacements for the TMPA. This is particularly important for hydrological forecasting in small river basins, since those products present a finer spatial and temporal resolution compared with TMPA.

Este artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa sobre o Programa de Avaliação da Aprendizagem Escolar (Paae) implementado na Rede Pública Estadual de Ensino de Minas Gerais. Utilizou-se da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, além de uma pesquisa de campo, que envolveu, na coleta de dados, a aplicação de questionário estruturado junto a professores de História do Ensino Médio. Na organização do texto, descreve-se e analisa-se o processo de implementação do Paae, ocorrido entre 2005 e 2016, as especificidades do programa, a metodologia empregada e a análise crítica das categorias avaliação, currículo e prática docente. Os resultados revelam uma assimetria entre o discurso e a prática. Embora a maioria dos professores utilize o Paae, no papel de política pública de avaliação, ele não tem alcançado os resultados esperados pelos gestores e idealizadores.

RESUMO: Apresenta-se nesse artigo os resultados de uma pesquisa que investigou as bases do Programa de Avaliação da Aprendizagem Escolar (PAAE), em Minas Gerais, identificando o modo pelo qual os itens de teste adotados atendem aos objetivos pedagógicos anunciados, e as implicações desse programa no currículo escolar da disciplina de História do Ensino Médio. A metodologia utilizada foi a análise dos documentos do PAAE, entre os anos de 2005 e 2015, de conteúdo de matrizes curriculares e de itens de teste das provas geradas pelo programa, além da pesquisa bibliográfica. Os resultados indicaram contradição entre o anúncio do caráter inovador dos itens utilizados como recurso pedagógico para avaliar habilidades e competências e a presença hegemônica de questões tradicionais nas provas elaboradas para o programa em detrimento da modalidade formativa anunciada.

Este artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa que investigou as interfaces entre avaliação e currículo de História no Ensino Médio. No contexto das políticas públicas de avaliação em Minas Gerais, buscou-se analisar as bases do Programa de Avaliação da Aprendizagem Escolar (PAAE), identificando o modo pelo qual os itens de teste adotados atendem aos objetivos pedagógicos anunciados, e as implicações desse programa no currículo escolar. Os resultados indicaram contradição entre o anúncio do caráter inovador dos itens utilizados como recurso pedagógico para avaliar habilidades e competências, e a presença hegemônica de questões tradicionais nas provas elaboradas para o programa em detrimento da modalidade formativa anunciada.

INTRODUÇÃO: Diferentes modalidades esportivas utilizam as mãos como importante seguimento corporal envolvido para o desempenho. Entre essas modalidades destacam-se judô, tênis, vela, remo, boxe, levantamento de peso e outras. A força de preensão manual é exigida nessas modalidades específicas, em que o nível de força gerado pode ser o diferencial no desempenho final. A dinamometria manual é um valioso instrumento a ser utilizado na detecção do talento esportivo, no controle do treinamento e na avaliação de recuperação de lesão. OBJETIVOS: O objetivo deste estudo é fazer uma revisão sobre os principais aspectos metodológicos envolvidos na mensuração da força de preensão manual, utilizando o dinamômetro Jamar®, identificando os aspectos relacionados à validade, confiabilidade, precisão, posição para realização do teste, posição da alça, instruções, número de medidas, período de descanso entre as tentativas, duração do tempo de contração, aquecimento pré-teste. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um levantamento para compor uma base de dados de diferentes modalidades olímpicas: coletivas e individuais. Foi realizada uma pesquisa eletrônica da literatura utilizando as bases de dados MEDLINE, SciELO e LILACS, sendo utilizados os seguintes descritores: força de preensão manual, dinamometria manual e, em inglês, hand, grip, strength, dynamometer, Jamar, norms e reference values. CONCLUSÃO: Os valores de força de preensão manual apresentados pelos atletas diferem de acordo com a modalidade, sexo, peso corporal, nível do atleta, idade e tipo de treinamento. A força de preensão manual deve estar presente nas baterias de testes para identificação de possíveis talentos esportivos.

Introduction Muscle fatigue is a phenomenon associated with physical work. It is common in endurance sports, physical fitness tests and daily activities. Some tests can be directly affected by the effect of peripheral muscle fatigue, including the handgrip strength (HGS) test, which is considered baseline measure for assessing the functionality of the hand. Objectives a) verify the effect of peripheral muscle fatigue (between trials) during the testing of HGS, with a 60-second recovery interval; b) to analyze whether there is a difference in considering the mean value obtained in three trials or the best result as the final result. Materials and methods The final sample comprised 1,279 men. We followed the standard methodology and used a hydraulic hand dynamometer. Results There were statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) in the dominant hand among all the trials: first (46.5 ± 8.6 Kgf), second (46.4 ± 8.5 Kgf) and third (46.1 ± 8.6 Kgf); and also in the non-dominant hand: first (44.9 ± 8.4 Kgf), second (44.5 ± 8.3 Kgf) and third (44.0 ± 8.3 Kgf). We also found statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) between the two ways of considering the final result. For the dominant hand, the mean of the three attempts was 46.3 ± 8.3 Kgf and the best result was 48.1 ± 8.5 Kgf, whereas for the non-dominant hand, these results were 44.5 ± 8.2 Kgf and 46.0 ± 8.2 kgf, respectively. Conclusion Peripheral muscle fatigue directly interferes in the final result. A significant reduction in strength levels occurs in course of the assessment. The best result is frequently obtained at the first trial, which indicates that the highest value obtained should be considered as the final result.

Introduction Soccer is among the sports with the highest injury rate. A group of international experts from the Fédération Internationale de Football Association — FIFA’s Medical Assessment and Research Centre — have developed the “FIFA 11+”, a warm-up programme whose main goal is to reduce the risk of common injuries in both male and female soccer players. Objective To conduct a literature review in order to check the efficiency of the “FIFA 11 +” warm-up programme in preventing injuries in soccer players. Methods We conducted a systematic review of studies in the databases MEDLINE/PubMed, SciELO, ScienceDirect and SPORTDiscus, using the following keywords in combination with one another: “injury”, “prevention” and “warm-up”. Results Five studies met the inclusion criteria. In four studies, the authors conclude that the “FIFA 11 +” warm-up programme is effective for preventing injuries in soccer players. In one study, this protective effect was not observed. Conclusion The analyzed studies indicate that the FIFA 11+ warm-up programme for the prevention of sports injuries show positive signs that the use of the programme may help reduce the incidence of injuries in girls aged 13–17 years. In a male children population the results are inconclusive and further research is needed.

The aim of this study was to investigate fluid replacement strategies of young soccer players and their level of knowledge regarding hydration management. A total of 216 males (age: 18 ± 0.9 years) playing soccer for 8.7 ± 2.6 years were studied. The participants were members of four elite and subelite Brazilian soccer clubs. An exploratory descriptive study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire consisting of 18 objective questions. The main results indicated that 32.3% and 30.1% of the athletes do not have an appropriate strategy for fluid replacement during competitions and training, respectively. In addition, 1.4% and 4.6% of the subjects reported to ingest no fluids during these exercise conditions. When asked about the type of solution (water or isotonic solution) consumed before, during and after exercise, water was the main fluid ingested during these periods. Approximately 80 athletes only ingest fluids when feeling thirsty. Coca-Cola® accounted for 11.1% of ingested fluids. Only 27.8% of the participants measure their body weight and 54.2% were unaware of the adequate strategy for fluid replacement. The most common symptoms reported by the athletes were cramps (53.2%), intense thirst (37.5%), and headache (33.8%). These results suggest that young soccer players have inappropriate fluid replacement habits, a fact that may lead to low performance during training or competition.

The aim of this study was to investigate fluid replacement strategies of young soccer players and their level of knowledge regarding hydration management. A total of 216 males (age: 18 ± 0.9 years) playing soccer for 8.7 ± 2.6 years were studied. The participants were members of four elite and subelite Brazilian soccer clubs. An exploratory descriptive study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire consisting of 18 objective questions. The main results indicated that 32.3% and 30.1% of the athletes do not have an appropriate strategy for fluid replacement during competitions and training, respectively. In addition, 1.4% and 4.6% of the subjects reported to ingest no fluids during these exercise conditions. When asked about the type of solution (water or isotonic solution) consumed before, during and after exercise, water was the main fluid ingested during these periods. Approximately 80 athletes only ingest fluids when feeling thirsty. Coca-Cola® accounted for 11.1% of ingested fluids. Only 27.8% of the participants measure their body weight and 54.2% were unaware of the adequate strategy for fluid replacement. The most common symptoms reported by the athletes were cramps (53.2%), intense thirst (37.5%), and headache (33.8%). These results suggest that young soccer players have inappropriate fluid replacement habits, a fact that may lead to low performance during training or competition.