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Abstract Energy management controllers (EMCs) are pivotal for optimizing energy consumption and ensuring operational efficiency across diverse systems. This review paper delves into the various control strategies utilized by energy management controllers and explores their coordination mechanisms. Additionally, it examines the architectures of energy management controllers and their real-world implementations. The paper surveys a spectrum of EMCs, including conventional-based, rule-based, optimization-based, hybrid methods, and commercial software-based approaches, highlighting their respective advantages and drawbacks. It investigates how these controllers are coordinated within complex energy systems to achieve optimal performance and adaptability. Furthermore, the review outlines different architectures of energy management controllers, ranging from centralized to decentralized designs, discussing their suitability for various applications and their impact on system performance. Real-world applications of energy management controllers in sectors such as smart grids, buildings, industrial processes, and transportation systems are examined. Case studies and examples demonstrate the efficacy of different control strategies and architectures in addressing specific energy management challenges and achieving desired outcomes. Overall, this review provides valuable insights into the current landscape of energy management controller design and implementation, offering direction for future research and development in the pursuit of energy optimization and sustainability.

Abstract In this article we review the current serverless architectures, abstract and categorize their founding principles, and provide an in-depth security analysis. In particular, we: show the security shortcomings of the analyzed serverless architectural paradigms; point to possible countermeasures; and, highlight several research directions for practitioners, Industry, and Academia.

There is an exponential increase in the number of smart devices, generating helpful information and posing a serious challenge while processing this huge data. The processing is either done at fog level or cloud level depending on the size and nature of the task. Offloading data to fog or cloud adds latency, which is less in fog and more in the cloud. The methods of processing data and tasks at fog level or cloud are mostly machine learning based. In this paper, we will discuss all three levels in terms of architecture, starting from the internet of things to fog and fog to cloud. Specifically, we will describe machine learning-based offloading from the internet of things to fog and fog to cloud. Finally, we will come up with current research directions, issues, and challenges in the IoT–fog–cloud environment.

Smart cities are faced with the challenges of systematically initiating the strategies needed to implement predetermined goals according to their plan. Therefore, this study aims to identify smart cities components and build an initial model that can be used for smart cities initiatives in Indonesia. The systematic review methods were used to overview research trends, architecture, components, and challenges to build an initial model for Indonesia. The systematic review results show popular topics, such as the standardization of a smart city and the strategies used to determine relevant models in each city's uniqueness and context. The results also identified thirteen smart city components and their challenges. Furthermore, this study's novelty is proposed the smart city's initial models with the smart government as a key component and to be a centre of other smart city components. The triangulation method determined the research validation using systematic review finding, expert judgment, and a questionnaire for collecting random data from 66 respondents from various cities in Indonesia. The collected survey data and initial models were validated by expert judgment, which showed that the proposed smart city's initial model component's agreement is 90%. In future, these results may be used to develop an assessment in smart cities implementation.

Visualization of the knowledge extraction process is a front line to reveal the detail process and data structure, which is an advanced technique for the presentation of data modeling. However, the mechanisms for healthcare are challenging and dynamic processes to gain a clear insight or understanding of patient care. In this paper, we proposed a new approach of architecture and optimization of data mining modeling for visualization of knowledge extraction by analyzing clinical data sets to define the determinant attributes through modeling techniques. Therefore, architecture for the visualization of the knowledge extraction process is a systematic approach to support users to the best of their knowledge of the issues over the challenge of visualizing techniques. The proposed approach is capable and dynamic to handle and analyze large-scale data in its dimension and context. Such a variable is defined using various techniques to characterize them towards the detection of determinant variables as its influential circumstance. We focused on modeling based visualization as model representation, factor's interaction and integration. The detection process experimented in a different approach and justification as discussed in section five. The finding showed a deep understandability for an advanced and dynamic data mining modeling techniques to integrate applications with domain contexts for the optimal and understandable decision process. The strength of this approach is the depth for visualization towards the knowledge extraction process and its understandability for users as per their background and circumstances. It is also essential to inference for architecture based modeling and visualization for large scale data. Researchers, physicians, experts, and other users are the potentials to refer to these novel ideas and findings.

The Internet of Things (IoT) based real-time health monitoring system has contributed towards a brilliant human welfare both in urban and rural areas. Many of such solutions are not well applicable in developing countries like Bangladesh due to lack of uninterrupted communication system. In this paper, we present an IoT-based real-time health monitoring system that can measure, monitor and report people’s health condition online and offline from anywhere. Our proposed IoT based solution is capable to transmit the sensitive health information to medical centres and caregivers in real time. The proposed system has been designed with Arduino UNO, Nodemcu, and Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) modules to measure body temperature, pulse rate, Oxygen saturation, room temperature, and air quality in a smart home setting. The system can also provide the patient’s historical health records. Our implementation was tested on some test cases which works excellent with accuracy. The proposed system has high potentiality for the rural and urban areas in developing countries.

Data Warehouse (DW) is a common term used in the Data Mining process for storing copious amounts of data ready for analysis. Organizations are starting to prioritize Data Warehouses, which are essential for mining their historical datasets. In the healthcare industry, the significance of data warehouses escalates due to the critical nature of managing and processing medical data, which plays a crucial role in facilitating optimal healthcare delivery and in the generation of valuable insights. While clinical data is complex, its timely integration and analysis are crucial to providing excellent patient care. The research looks into providing an efficient data warehousing solution with multiple privacy and security measures integrated by design. Securing the data at all stages: during data input, exploration, pre-processing, selection, analysis, and presentation, is very challenging. This paper presents a holistic perspective focusing on possible data warehouse architectures, data types, data schemes, storage, security and privacy in a healthcare environment. We discuss existing DW architectures dedicated to clinical data and suggest the best DW approaches for clinical data warehousing.

The rapid evolution of 5G and beyond technologies has sparked an unprecedented surge in the need for networking infrastructure that can deliver high speed, minimal latency, and remarkable flexibility. The programmable data plane, which enables the dynamic reconfiguration of network functions and protocols, is becoming increasingly important in meeting these requirements. This paper provides an overview of the current state of the art in programmable data planes implemented in 5G and beyond architectures. It proposes a classification of the reviewed studies based on system architecture and specific use cases. Furthermore, the article surveys the primary applications of programmable devices in emerging telecommunication networks, such as tunneling and forwarding, network slicing, cybersecurity, and in-band telemetry. Finally, this publication summarizes the open research challenges and future directions. In addition to offering a comprehensive review of programmable data plane applications in telecommunication networks, this article aims to guide further research in this promising field for network operators and researchers alike.

Additive manufacturing (AM) enables the processing of heterogeneous materials with customised architectures to improve strength-ductility synergy. Herein, layerwise-heterostructured high-strength steels were processed by AM of two steel powders following the designed architectures. The fabricated high-strength steels with hierarchical heterogeneous characteristics at the layer, melt-pool and grain scales, exhibit good strength-ductility combination, reaching a strength of 1.32 GPa together with an elongation of 7.5%. The increased strength attributes to hetero-deformation induced strengthening. In-situ deformation monitoring reveals many unique deformation bands in heterostructure materials, which delays necking and improves ductility. The findings demonstrate a novel potential approach to circumvent material property trade-offs.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a cornerstone of modern technology, revolutionizing industries from healthcare to finance. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are a subset of AI that have emerged as a powerful tool for various tasks including image recognition, speech recognition, natural language processing (NLP), and even in the field of genomics, where they have been utilized to classify DNA sequences. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of CNNs and their applications in image recognition tasks. It first introduces the fundamentals of CNNs, including the layers of CNNs, convolution operation (Conv_Op), Feat_Maps, activation functions (Activ_Func), and training methods. It then discusses several popular CNN architectures such as LeNet, AlexNet, VGG, ResNet, and InceptionNet, and compares their performance. It also examines when to use CNNs, their advantages and limitations, and provides recommendations for developers and data scientists, including preprocessing the data, choosing appropriate hyperparameters (Hyper_Param), and evaluating model performance. It further explores the existing platforms and libraries for CNNs such as TensorFlow, Keras, PyTorch, Caffe, and MXNet, and compares their features and functionalities. Moreover, it estimates the cost of using CNNs and discusses potential cost-saving strategies. Finally, it reviews recent developments in CNNs, including attention mechanisms, capsule networks, transfer learning, adversarial training, quantization and compression, and enhancing the reliability and efficiency of CNNs through formal methods. The paper is concluded by summarizing the key takeaways and discussing the future directions of CNN research and development.

Fifth Generation (5G) is here to accelerate the digitization of economies and society, and open up innovation opportunities for verticals. A myriad of 5G-enabled use cases has been identified across disparate sectors like tourism, retail industry, and manufacturing. Many of the networks of these use cases are expected to be private networks, that is, networks intended for the exclusive use of an enterprise customer. This article provides an overview of the technical aspects in private 5G networks. We first identify the key requirements and enabling solutions for private 5G networks. Then, we review the latest 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Release 16 capabilities to support private 5G networks. Next, we provide architecture proposals for single site private networks, including the scenario in which the radio access network (RAN) is shared. Afterwards, we address mobility and multi-site private 5G network scenarios. Finally, we identify key challenges for private 5G networks.

Many existing studies have investigated component-level Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) problems. In the real field, the PHM for the system is more important, which deals with the exploration of the system health derived from components degradations, from which the decision can be made to which components to repair. While there have been few recent studies in this direction, no studies are found that have investigated this issue from the systems perspective. Motivated by this, appropriate architecture for the system-level PHM is proposed for the physics-based and data-driven approaches. The architecture is demonstrated using a direct current (DC) motor system, which addresses the system health by the degradation of two components: bearing and permanent magnet. Due to the lack of real field data, simulation data are made using the motor dynamic equation. The two approaches are compared from the perspective of model construction and required information. In conclusion, the proposed architecture enables the estimation of components and system health, as well as the prediction of their remaining useful life. Furthermore, a what-if study allows us to investigate how long the system can be operated by repairing each component, from which the optimum maintenance plan can be made.

Advances in software engineering, software science, computational intelligence, and intelligent mathematics have led to the establishment of Frontiers in Computer Science—Software (FCSS). FCSS aims to promote transdisciplinary research on software science and engineering (SSE), autonomous systems, and computational intelligence. FCSS covers not only classical empirical software engineering and industrial processes, but also contemporary topics of software science, intelligent programming languages, autonomous code generation, mathematical foundations of software, and programming knowledge bases. FCSS reports empirical studies and emerging topics in software engineering including tools, development platforms, industrial processes, management infrastructures, quality assurance schemes, big data systems, and software migrations across languages and platforms.

Due to the daily use of mobile technologies, we live in constant connection with the world through the Internet. Technological innovations in smart devices have allowed us to carry out everyday activities such as communicating, working, studying or using them as a means of entertainment, which has led to smartphones displacing computers as the most important device connected to the Internet today, causing users to demand smarter applications or functionalities that allow them to meet their needs. Artificial intelligence has been a major innovation in information technology that is transforming the way users use smart devices. Using applications that make use of artificial intelligence has revolutionised our lives, from making predictions of possible words based on typing in a text box, to being able to unlock devices through pattern recognition. However, these technologies face problems such as overheating and battery drain due to high resource consumption, low computational capacity, memory limitations, etc. This paper reviews the most important artificial intelligence algorithms for mobile devices, emphasising the challenges and problems that can arise when implementing these technologies in low-resource devices.

Introduction: The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, called COVID-19, in Colombia as well as in a great part of the world, has been declared as a public health emergency of international concern, affecting different aspects of the daily life, being one of the most important the access and distribution of necessary medicine, not only for the known deceases but also for the mitigation of COVID 19. Objective: the distribution of medicines should maintain stability in the supply chain of essential medicines, thus ensuring high quality medicines that could help in the treatment to fight the virus. Methodology: through this work a detailed analysis of the variable and critical points in the supply chain of essential medicines to mitigate COVID-19 is developed. Results: A new architecture based on the Blockchain Hyperledger is presented. It will help to solve those critical points found, through the secure trace of the medicine supply chain. In Colombia, by using this architecture all actors take responsibilities in the distribution chain, ensuring a high level of transparency in the distribution process. Discussion: by verifying the proper functioning of the model, the main difficulty when using Hyperledger is the lack of suppliers with experience; besides, there are not enough standardization or regulations of Blockchain. Conclusion: It is proved that Blockchain is an optimal technology to ensure essential medicine supply chain for the COVID 19 treatment in Colombia.

ABSTRACT: In this paper, we propose a set of rules for developing modular architectures. We first consider the well-known concept of “Design Rules” advanced by Baldwin and Clark. We then propose a broader conceptualization called “Modularity Design Rules” that is derived from later studies of the strategic, managerial, and organizational processes that must also be undertaken to implement successful modular development projects. We elaborate the critical role that the proposed Modularity Design Rules play in strategically grounding, organizing, and managing modular architecture development processes. We also identify key roles that top management must fulfill in supporting implementation of the proposed rules. We then provide evidence in support of the proposed Modularity Design Rules through a case study of the Renault–Nissan Alliance’s successful development and use of a modular “Common Module Family” architecture between 2009 and 2014. We then suggest some important implications of the Modularity Design Rules for open innovation processes in new product development.

One of the major paradigm shifts that will be predictably observed in the energy mix is related to distribution networks. Until now, this type of electrical grid was characterized by an AC transmission. However, a new concept is emerging, as the electrical distribution networks characterized by DC transmission are beginning to be considered as a promising solution due to technological advances. In fact, we are now witnessing a proliferation of DC equipment associated with renewable energy sources, storage systems and loads. Thus, such equipment is beginning to be considered in different contexts. In this way, taking into consideration the requirement for the fast integration of this equipment into the existing electrical network, DC networks have started to become important. On the other hand, the importance of the development of these DC networks is not only due to the fact that the amount of DC equipment is becoming huge. When compared with the classical AC transmission systems, the DC networks are considered more efficient and reliable, not having any issues regarding the reactive power and frequency control and synchronization. Although much research work has been conducted, several technical aspects have not yet been defined as standard. This uncertainty is still an obstacle to a faster transition to this type of network. There are also other aspects that still need to be a focus of study and research in order to allow this technology to become a day-to-day solution. Finally, there are also many applications in which this kind of DC microgrid can be used, but they have still not been addressed. Thus, all these aspects are considered important challenges that need to be tackled. In this context, this paper presents an overview of the existing and possible solutions for this type of microgrid, as well as the challenges that need to be faced now.

Smart home safety and security systems have gained much importance over the last few years owing to their notable impact in reducing and preventing losses in resources and human life caused by unwanted situations that could occur while homeowners are far away from their homes. To date, there is a lack of an in-depth literature analysis that could help researchers and developers better understand these systems and their applications in different contexts. It is therefore crucial that research evidence published in this area is presented. In this study, 63 research papers that examined smart home safety and security systems using the Arduino platform from popular literature databases were thoroughly surveyed to extract useful data. Then, the extracted data were analyzed to answer many research questions concerning state-of-the-art applications of these systems, their architectures, their enabling technologies, their components, etc. In addition, several challenges that these systems currently face and how future research could enable better implementation and use of these systems were discussed.

Kubernetes (k8s) is a kind of cluster operating system for cloud-native workloads that has become a de-facto standard for container orchestration. Provided by more than one hundred vendors, it has the potential to protect the customer from vendor lock-in. However, the open-source k8s distribution consists of many optional and alternative features that must be explicitly activated and may depend on pre-configured system components. As a result, incompatibilities still may ensue among Kubernetes vendors. Mostly managed k8s services typically restrict the customizability of Kubernetes. This paper firstly compares the most relevant k8s vendors and, secondly, analyses the potential of Kubernetes to detect and configure compatible support for required features across vendors in a uniform manner. Our comparison is performed based on documented features, by testing, and by inspection of the configuration state of running clusters. Our analysis focuses on the potential of the end-to-end testing suite of Kubernetes to detect support for a desired feature in any Kubernetes vendor and the possibility of reconfiguring the studied vendors with missing features in a uniform manner. Our findings are threefold: First, incompatibilities arise between default cluster configurations of the studied vendors for approximately 18% of documented features. Second, matching end-to-end tests exist only for around 64% of features and for 17% of features these matching tests are not well developed for all vendors. Third, almost all feature incompatibilities can be resolved using a vendor-agnostic API. These insights are beneficial to avoid feature incompatibilities already in cloud-native application engineering processes. Moreover, the end-to-end testing suite can be extended in currently unlighted areas to provide better feature coverage.

Internet-based applications predominantly use the existing method of acquiring the computing resources remotely from the cloud data centers. This method of computation is not applicable in future since it is expected that the latencies in communication tend to expand largely due to the internet connectivity among billions of devices. This enormous expansion in latencies induces an adverse impact in the Quality of Service (QoS) and Quality of Experience (QoE) parameters. Edge computing is an imminent computing methodology that deploys the decentralized resources present at the edge of the network to make data processing within the proximity of user devices like smartphones, sensors or wearables. This approach is contrary to the conventional methods of utilizing centralized and distant cloud data centers. Managing the resources becomes a major challenge to be approached due to the diverse and rapidly evolving resources in comparison with the cloud. The lucrative role of Internet of Things (IoT) and Edge, and the challenges posed by the dynamic technologies are presented. This paper presents a survey of the research publications from edge computing from 2013 to 2020, covering the various architectures, frameworks, and the fundamental algorithms involved in resource management in edge computing.

Recently, an increasing number of cyber-attacks in the medical field has resulted in great losses in the health care industry, since medical information plays an essential role in human health. To introduce a comprehensive survey about possible cyber-attacks and solutions for these attacks, our paper first presents a brief overview of the necessary background of the dataflow in the medical domain and then identifies the vulnerabilities in each stage of the dataflow. Then, according to the weaknesses identified in the medical system, a classification of cyber-attacks is presented. Additionally, the paper presents research on previous work that focuses on solving these cyber-attacks and identifies the strengths and limitations of the solutions for each attack. More importantly, for data storage assurance, our paper discusses several cybersecurity architectures for the medical domain from the existing literature. The countermeasures from previous papers and architectures that are still weak in terms of resource depletion, attack reduction, applicability, etc. are addressed. Finally, the paper discusses and recommends solutions for future work to decrease cyber-attacks in the medical field so that human health can be guaranteed.

Towards what spatial, economic, aesthetic and social values are we moving towards with agricultural activities in the vicinity of housing? To answer this question, the article declines the beginning of a thesis that focuses on the integration of spatialities and agricultural functions in urban neighbourhoods. The subject aims to experiment with a multi-site local farm that is conducive to energy-efficient lifestyles, including mobility, housing and the organization of the food chain. It will be built on a 1:1 scale and tested over one year of operation in Annemasse (74) in a district built in the 1960s / 1970s. The objective is to define the cultivation methods and the optimal size of a future farm to identify economic criteria and a labour market, on the one hand and on the other hand to capture the social and environmental experience impacted in the neighbourhood before considering replicability on other new or existing sites. These experimental farms will be managed and operated by professional urban market gardeners who, as we will see, will have complementary social roles.

Cloud Computing is seen as technology in late 2007 and today represents a subject in constant debate, due to its the multiple advantages. Thus, due to the transition to new technologies, Cloud becomes one of the main pillars of the IT industry. To provide high performance, scalability solving the problem today is necessary because huge quantities of data. This article presents solutions to architectures and methodologies for cloud application migration. The structure of the article is conceived in four chapters, to which a chapter of conclusions has been added. The first chapter presents some aspects of using data managed by cloud computing. Below are some architectures for systems and databases in cloud computing. The last chapter was dedicated to cloud migration solutions.

In this paper, we propose a set of rules for developing modular architectures. We first consider the well-known concept of “Design Rules” advanced by Baldwin and Clark. We then propose a broader conceptualization called “Modularity Design Rules” that is derived from later studies of the strategic, managerial, and organizational processes that must also be undertaken to implement successful modular development projects. We elaborate the critical role that the proposed Modularity Design Rules play in strategically grounding, organizing, and managing modular architecture development processes. We also identify key roles that top management must fulfill in supporting implementation of the proposed rules. We then provide evidence in support of the proposed Modularity Design Rules through a case study of the Renault–Nissan Alliance’s successful development and use of a modular “Common Module Family” architecture between 2009 and 2014. We then suggest some important implications of the Modularity Design Rules for open innovation processes in new product development.

Direct current (DC) microgrids (MG) constitute a research field that has gained great attention over the past few years, challenging the well-established dominance of their alternating current (AC) counterparts in Low Voltage (LV) (up to 1.5 kV) as well as Medium Voltage (MV) applications (up to 50 kV). The main reasons behind this change are: (i) the ascending amalgamation of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) and Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS), which predominantly supply DC power to the energy mix that meets electrical power demand and (ii) the ascending use of electronic loads and other DC-powered devices by the end-users. In this sense, DC distribution provides a more efficient interface between the majority of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) and part of the total load of a MG. The early adopters of DC MGs include mostly buildings with high RES production, ships, data centers, electric vehicle (EV) charging stations and traction systems. However, the lack of expertise and the insufficient standards’ framework inhibit their wider spread. This review paper presents the state of the art of LV and MV DC MGs in terms of advantages/disadvantages over their AC counterparts, their interface with the AC main grid, topologies, control, applications, ancillary services and standardization issues. Overall, the aim of this review is to highlight the possibilities provided by DC MG architectures as well as the necessity for a solid/inclusive regulatory framework, which is their main weakness.

Development boards, Single-Board Computers (SBCs) and Single-Board Microcontrollers (SBMs) integrating sensors and communication technologies have become a very popular and interesting solution in the last decade. They are of interest for their simplicity, versatility, adaptability, ease of use and prototyping, which allow them to serve as a starting point for projects and as reference for all kinds of designs. In this sense, there are innumerable applications integrating sensors and communication technologies where they are increasingly used, including robotics, domotics, testing and measurement, Do-It-Yourself (DIY) projects, Internet of Things (IoT) devices in the home or workplace and science, technology, engineering, educational and also academic world for STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) skills. The interest in single-board architectures and their applications have caused that all electronics manufacturers currently develop low-cost single board platform solutions. In this paper we realized an analysis of the most important topics related with single-board architectures integrating sensors. We analyze the most popular platforms based on characteristics as: cost, processing capacity, integrated processing technology and open-source license, as well as power consumption (mA@V), reliability (%), programming flexibility, support availability and electronics utilities. For evaluation, an experimental framework has been designed and implemented with six sensors (temperature, humidity, CO2/TVOC, pressure, ambient light and CO) and different data storage and monitoring options: locally on a μSD (Micro Secure Digital), on a Cloud Server, on a Web Server or on a Mobile Application.

To meet the fast-growing energy demand and, at the same time, tackle environmental concerns resulting from conventional energy sources, renewable energy sources are getting integrated in power networks to ensure reliable and affordable energy for the public and industrial sectors. However, the integration of renewable energy in the ageing electrical grids can result in new risks/challenges, such as security of supply, base load energy capacity, seasonal effects, and so on. Recent research and development in microgrids have proved that microgrids, which are fueled by renewable energy sources and managed by smart grids (use of smart sensors and smart energy management system), can offer higher reliability and more efficient energy systems in a cost-effective manner. Further improvement in the reliability and efficiency of electrical grids can be achieved by utilizing dc distribution in microgrid systems. DC microgrid is an attractive technology in the modern electrical grid system because of its natural interface with renewable energy sources, electric loads, and energy storage systems. In the recent past, an increase in research work has been observed in the area of dc microgrid, which brings this technology closer to practical implementation. This paper presents the state-of-the-art dc microgrid technology that covers ac interfaces, architectures, possible grounding schemes, power quality issues, and communication systems. The advantages of dc grids can be harvested in many applications to improve their reliability and efficiency. This paper also discusses benefits and challenges of using dc grid systems in several applications. This paper highlights the urgent need of standardizations for dc microgrid technology and presents recent updates in this area.

The objective of this paper is to present the software architecture used for the OPERANDO privacy platform, funded by the European Union in a Horizon 2020 project. For integration, OPERANDO is using SwarmESB, an open source Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) based on executable choreographies. In this paper we are presenting the concept of service transformations, presented as a bridge between the world of REST web services and the world of services implemented with executable choreographies. These transformations are improving the heterogeneity aspects when we are analysing SwarmESB as a distributed system. Five types of transformations that have been analysed and implemented as open source software have been integrated. This proposal is shaped around a common language capable of expressing all these five transformation types we have identified working for OPERANDO. Therefore, the Domain Specific Language proposed, renders the essential elements for transformations among functions, web services and executable choreographies. This unification will trigger a quantitative effect on the productivity of the teams creating or integrating web services in a federated service bus environment which is a key architectural component in the future Internet-of-Things and cloud systems.

The distribution of services on multi-agent systems allows it to reduce to the agents their computational load. The functionality of the system does not reside in the agents themselves, however it is ubiquitously distributed so that allows you to perform tasks in parallel avoiding an additional computational cost to the elements in the system. The distribution of services that offers SCODA (Distributed and Specialized Agent Communities) allows an intelligent management of these services provided by agents of the system and the parallel execution of threads that allow to respond to requests asynchronously, which implies an improvement in the performance of the system at both the computational level as the level of quality of service in the control of these services. The comparison carried out in the case of study that is presented in this paper demonstrates the existing improvement in the distribution of services on systems based on SCODA.

The Internet of Things (IoT) makes smart objects the ultimate building blocks in the development of cyber-physical smart pervasive frameworks. The IoT has a variety of application domains, including health care. The IoT revolution is redesigning modern health care with promising technological, economic, and social prospects. This paper surveys advances in IoT-based health care technologies and reviews the state-of-the-art network architectures/platforms, applications, and industrial trends in IoT-based health care solutions. In addition, this paper analyzes distinct IoT security and privacy features, including security requirements, threat models, and attack taxonomies from the health care perspective. Further, this paper proposes an intelligent collaborative security model to minimize security risk; discusses how different innovations such as big data, ambient intelligence, and wearables can be leveraged in a health care context; addresses various IoT and eHealth policies and regulations across the world to determine how they can facilitate economies and societies in terms of sustainable development; and provides some avenues for future research on IoT-based health care based on a set of open issues and challenges.

La noche de los tiempos, d’Antonio Muñoz Molina, se déroule à Madrid et aux États-Unis dans les années 1930 et évoque les amours clandestines d’Ignacio Abel, un brillant architecte au seuil de la cinquantaine, et d’une jeune américaine, Judith Biely. Cette rencontre improbable et les événements qui se succèdent en Espagne vont bouleverser la vie d’Ignacio Abel dont le destin semblait jusqu’alors tout tracé. À travers les espaces parcourus par le protagoniste, nous assistons à l’effondrement des espérances d’un personnage en crise dans un monde lui-même en crise. Si, dans un premier temps, les attentes personnelles et professionnelles d’Ignacio ont pour cadre des environnements rassurants, ces espaces vont brutalement se dégrader, en même temps que s’effondrent les certitudes du protagoniste et les rêves de la jeune République espagnole. Nous verrons dans cette étude comment les espaces sont le reflet de deux types d’attente : le plaisir de l’attente, ou l’attente « enchantement » (Barthes) et l’angoisse de l’attente.

Over the past decades, many systems composed of arrays of microphones have been developed to satisfy the quality demanded by acoustic applications. Such microphone arrays are sound acquisition systems composed of multiple microphones used to sample the sound field with spatial diversity. The relatively recent adoption of Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) to manage the audio data samples and to perform the signal processing operations such as filtering or beamforming has lead to customizable architectures able to satisfy the most demanding computational, power or performance acoustic applications. The presented work provides an overview of the current FPGA-based architectures and how FPGAs are exploited for different acoustic applications. Current trends on the use of this technology, pending challenges and open research opportunities on the use of FPGAs for acoustic applications using microphone arrays are presented and discussed.

Social innovation—while not a new practice in itself—has re-emerged since the global financial crisis in 2008 as an approach to solving our collective intractable global challenges. Despite its renewed popularity, there is no common definition for the phenomenon, not least in the context of its application when planning the built environment or civic infrastructures. This paper seeks to position the practice of social innovation as a means for holistic collaboration between disciplines to develop sustainable social ecologies and systems that provide for resilient communities. It tests a hypothesis that social innovation develops over phases (feedback loops)—that of the network, framework and architecture phase—to design for social, environmental and economic resilience. It looks to theories emerging in other subject areas like sociology and technology, that can inform its application in a planning context, such as Actor-Network and Adaptive Complexity theories. It explores the mechanisms that provide for resilience through action research and engagement with a number of international case studies and scenarios. Lastly, the paper identifies further avenues of research pertaining to networks, frameworks and architectures to develop models of best practice for inclusive, sustainable and iterative community development.

Sistemi za upravljanje informacionim sadržajima, zahvaljujući različitim funkcionalnim mogućnostima, vrlo su rasprostranjeni na Webu kao globalnoj mreži, i u lokalnim mrežama institucija i organizacija različitih namena. Oni omogućavaju potpuno administriranje informacionim sadržajima i njihovo dinamičko komponovanje i distribuciju. Iako postoje tehnološki preduslovi, ovi sistemi su fokusirani na sadržaje i nemaju podršku za njihovo personalizovano predstavljanje. Ovaj materijal opisuje mogućnosti proširivanja funkcionalnosti navedenih sistema radi adaptacije sadržaja koji se isporučuje korisnicima. / Owing to different functional possibilities, there are many content management systems (CMS) on the Web and in the local networks of different organizations. They provide administering of different information content (delegation of content authoring and content using grants), as well as dynamical content composing and distribution. They are focused on their content. Although there are technology prerequisites, these systems lack content personalization. This paper describes the possibility of the CMS functional extending to adjust data structure and content with particular users' skills, interests and demands.

Programmable logic devices (PLD) are situated on important place among microelectronic components thanks to the continuing technological development of semiconductor components, due to new architectures and new approaches to digital systems design. Software design of various complicated digital systems becomes advantageous article of many firms. The Department of Electronics and Electrotechnology pays pemanent attention to mentioned components in application field. The collective of authors wants in this article point out on possibilities of design of digital system using the PLD. The paper plan contains the following basic parts: Technological aspects that influence development of configurable logic devices, Methodology od design and implementation and Flexibility of PLD interface.

U ovom radu opisana je arhitektura, dizajn i implementacija Code Tutor-a inteligentnog tutorskog sistema zasnovanog na Web-u, koji je namenjen obuci studenata u oblasti radio-komunikacija. Code Tutor je dizajniran kao Web učionica i klijent-server sistem, izgrađen korišćenjem savremenih inteligentnih i Internet tehnologija. Iskustva sa Code Tutor-om pokazuju da i nastavnici i studenti imaju pozitivna mišljenja vezana za korišćenje sistema kao podrške za učenje različitih domenskih tema. U cilju ilustrovanja praktične primene Code Tutor-a, materijal predstavlja neke detalje studentske i nastavničke sesije sa sistemom. / This paper describes architecture, design, and implementation of Code Tutor a Web-based intelligent tutoring system that facilitates learning of radio communications to the students of a telecommunications college. Code Tutor designed as a Web classroom client-server system, is ontologically founded and built using modern intelligent and Web-related technologies. Experience with Code Tutor so far shows that both teachers and learners have positive feelings about using Code Tutor as a support tool for learning different topics in the domain. In order to illustrate the use of Code Tutor in practice, the paper also presents some details of both students' and teachers' sessions with the system.

Nowadays, NAND Flash technology is everywhere, since it is the core of the code and data storage in mobile and embedded applications; moreover, its market share is exploding with Solid-State-Drives (SSDs), which are replacing Hard Disk Drives (HDDs) in consumer and enterprise scenarios. To keep the evolutionary pace of the technology, NAND Flash must scale aggressively in terms of bit cost. When approaching ultra-scaled technologies, planar NAND is hitting a wall: both academia researchers and industry worked to cope with this issue for several decades. Then, the 3D integration approach turned out to be the definitive alternative by eventually reaching mass production. This review paper exposes several 3D NAND Flash memory technologies, along with their related integration challenges, by showing their different layouts, scaling trends and performance/reliability features.

Over the past 20 years, Defence Research and Development Canada has developed numerous teleoperated unmanned ground vehicles (UGV), many founded on the ANC?US command and control system. This paper relates how long experience with tele-operated UGVs influenced DRDC's shift in focus from tele-operated to autonomous unmanned vehicles (UV), the forces that guided DRDC's development approach and DRDC's experience adapting a specific tool set, MIRO, to a UGV implementation.