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Enhance performance in manufacturing carbon emission (MCE) reduction has become a widespread consensus and a necessary part, which cannot be achieved without the joint participation of manufacturing enterprises and supervisory departments. Accordingly, how to coordinate the interests of both sides and design a reasonable incentive-compatible mechanism becomes an urgent task at present. Considering the two subsidy funding channels of peer funds and government finance, this study applies the evolutionary game model to analyze feasible schemes for designing incentive-compatible mechanism of MCE supervision, discusses and simulates the realistic scenarios and influencing factors of incentive-compatible mechanism under the non-subsidized and subsidized schemes. The results show that MCE supervision is in an incentive-incompatible state under the non-subsidized incentive scheme, while in a constrained incentive-compatible state under the subsidized incentive scheme. With the increase of peer funds and penalty coefficient or the decrease of subsidy coefficient, the period of MCE supervision to reach an incentive-compatible state becomes shorter. However, a lower peer fund and penalty coefficient or a higher subsidy coefficient will contribute to a state of incentive-incompatible or a periodic cycle state of "incentive-compatible → incentive-incompatible →incentive-compatible→..." in the MCE supervision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supercapacitor is an important energy storage device widely used in the automobile industry, military production, and communication equipment because of its fast charge‐discharge rate, and high power density. Herein, carbon quantum dots modified and Y3+ doped Ni3(NO3)2(OH)4 (NiY@CQDs) nanospheres are prepared by a solvothermal method and used as an electrode material. The electrochemical properties of NiY@CQDs were measured in a three‐electrode system. An asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) cell was assembled with activated carbon (AC) as the anode and NiY@CQDs as the cathode. The electrochemical properties of the ASC device were measured in a two‐electrode system. Experimental results show the shape of NiY@CQDs is petal‐shaped and the introducing carbon quantum dots and doping Y3+ significantly increases the specific surface area, conductivity, and specific capacitance of Ni3(NO3)2(OH)4. The mass‐specific capacitance of NiY@CQDs reaches up to 2944 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1. The asymmetric supercapacitor of NiY@CQDs//AC has a high energy density of 138.65 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 1500 W kg−1, displaying a wide range of application prospects in the energy storage area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal–organic framework compounds are extensively utilized in various fields, such as electrode materials, owing to their distinctive porous structure and significant specific surface area. In this study, NiCoAl-MOF metal–organic framework precursors were synthesized by a solvothermal method, and NiAl2O4/NiCo2O4 electrode materials were prepared by the subsequent calcination of the precursor. These materials were characterized by XRD, XPS, BET tests, and SEM, and the electrochemical properties of the electrode materials were tested by CV and GCD methods. BET tests showed that NiAl2O4/NiCo2O4 has an abundant porous structure and a large specific surface area of up to 105 m2 g−1. The specific capacitance of NiAl2O4/NiCo2O4 measured by the GCD method reaches up to 2870.83 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1. The asymmetric supercapacitor NiAl2O4/NiCo2O4//AC assembled with activated carbon electrodes has a maximum energy density of 166.98 W h kg−1 and a power density of 750.00 W kg−1 within a voltage window of 1.5 V. In addition, NiAl2O4/NiCo2O4 materials have good cycling stability. These advantages make it a good candidate for the application of high-performance supercapacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-element transition-metal oxides have attracted much attention in the field of energy storage due to their excellent specific capacitance and multiplicity. Herein, Ni0.5Mn0.5Co2O4 hollow electrode materials were prepared by a novel solvothermal method using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a soft template, followed by a subsequent annealing treatment. The materials were characterized by XRD, XPS, SEM, TEM, and BET, and their supercapacitor properties were tested on an electrochemical workstation. The unique hollow structure of Ni0.5Mn0.5Co2O4 can act as a “charge reservoir” for exposing more active sites and increases its specific surface area to 74.67 m2·g−1. In the three-electrode system, the electrode material of Ni0.5Mn0.5Co2O4 exhibits a high specific capacitance (2952.5 F·g−1 at 1 A·g−1 and 540 F·g−1 at 15 A·g−1). Meanwhile, the electrode material still possesses 80.8% of the original capacitance after 3000 cycles at a current density of 15 A·g−1, demonstrating good cycling stability. Finally, the electrode material was assembled with activated carbon to form an asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC). The electrochemical performance of the ASC device tested in the two-electrode system exhibited an energy density of 118.2 Wh·kg−1 when the power density was 1428 W·kg−1. In addition, the ASC device could light up a small light bulb. The redox reaction kinetics was controlled by both diffusion and capacitive behaviors. With increasing scanning rate, the capacitive contribution gradually dominated the kinetics. The electrode material of Ni0.5Mn0.5Co2O4 offers possibilities for actual applications in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a highly heterogeneous disease characterized by inflammation in the nasal and sinus mucosa. The CRS phenotypes, based on the presence or absence of nasal polyps, are known as CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). However, this classification has limitations in fully capturing the mechanisms and clinical manifestations of CRS. To address the heterogeneity of CRS, there has been a growing focus on classifying the condition into distinct endotypes. Endotype classification involves grouping patients based on specific molecular, immunological, and clinical characteristics, allowing for more personalized and targeted treatment approaches. This review delves into the current state of endotype classifications for CRS. It explores the role of geographic factors, microbiome, and subphenotype in shaping different endotypes. Additionally, the review examines how various clinical features are associated with specific endotypes, providing valuable insights into tailoring treatment options for better outcomes and transitions between different endotypes. Overall, this review offers a comprehensive and up-to-date perspective on the intricate realm of CRS endotype classifications. By unraveling the molecular and clinical intricacies, this review lays the foundation for more precise, effective, and individualized treatment strategies in the management of CRS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is shown that the uniform radius of spatial analyticity σ (t) of solutions at time t to the Ostrovsky equation with positive dispersion cannot decay faster than | t | − 4 3 as | t | → ∞ given initial data that is analytic with fixed radius σ 0 . The main ingredients in the proof are almost conservation law for the solution to the Ostrovsky equation in space of analytic functions and space-time dyadic bilinear estimates associated with the Ostrovsky equation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has been deemed as one of the promising noble-metal-free electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), but it suffers from the inert basal plane and low electronic conductivity. Regulating the morphology of MoS2 during the synthesis on conductive substrates is a synergistic strategy for enhancing the HER performance. In this work, vertical MoS2 nanosheets were fabricated on carbon cloth (CC) using an atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition method. The growth process could be effectively tuned through introducing hydrogen gas during vapor deposition process, resulting in nanosheets with increased edge density. The mechanism for edge-enriching through controlling the growth atmosphere is systematically studied. The as-prepared MoS2 exhibits excellent HER activity due to the combination of optimized microstructures and coupling with CC. Our findings provide new insights to design advanced MoS2-based electrocatalysts for HER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is devoted to studying the convergence problem of free reduced Ostrovsky equation in Fourier–Lebesgue spaces with rough data and the stochastic continuity of free reduced Ostrovsky equation in Fourier–Lebesgue spaces with random data. On the one hand, we establish the pointwise convergence related to the free reduced Ostrovsky equation in Fourier–Lebesgue spaces Ĥ 1 p , p 2 (R) (4 ≤ p < ∞) with rough data. In particular, we show that s ≥ 1 p is the necessary condition for the maximal function estimate in Ĥ s , p 2 (R) , which means that s = 1 p is optimal for rough data. On the other hand, we present the stochastic continuity of free reduced Ostrovsky equation at t = 0 in Fourier–Lebesgue spaces L ̂ r (R) (2 ≤ r < ∞) with random data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Co3O4/Bi4O7/Bi2O3 (CBB) composites were prepared, in which Co3O4 was synthesized from Co-MOF as precursor. The peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activated by CBB catalyst under visible light was used to degrade tetracycline (TC). Owing to the synergistic effect of photocatalysis and PMS activation, 98.4% of TC was removed within 60 min. The optimal loading of Co3O4 was determined, and the influence of PMS dosage, initial pH, and disturbing anions on the degradation effect were investigated. The "CBB + Vis + PMS" system showed good reusability, and the degradation was only reduced by 1.7% after 5 cycles. This system also had a good degradation of other five pollutants. The quenching experiment showed that holes (h+), superoxide radicals (·O2−), and singlet oxygen (1O2) were the main active species. The degradation products of TC were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the degradation pathway was proposed. Finally, a double Z-scheme degradation mechanism was proposed in the "CBB + Vis + PMS" system. The peroxymonosulfate activated by CBB under visible light to degrade organic pollutants has widespread application prospects in environmental remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider the convergence problem of Schrödinger equation. Firstly, we show the almost everywhere pointwise convergence of Schrödinger equation in Fourier-Lebesgue spaces \hat {H}^{\frac {1}{p},\frac {p}{2}}(\mathbf {R})(4\leq p<\infty), \hat {H}^{\frac {3 s_{1}}{p},\frac {2p}{3}}(\mathbf {R}^{2})(s_{1}>\frac {1}{3},3\leq p<\infty), \hat {H}^{\frac {2 s_{2}}{p},p}(\mathbf {R}^{n})(s_{2}>\frac {n}{2(n+1)},2\leq p<\infty,n\geq 3) with rough data. Secondly, we show that the maximal function estimate related to one dimensional Schrödinger equation can fail with data in \hat {H}^{s,\frac {p}{2}}(\mathbf {R})(s<\frac {1}{p}). Finally, we show the stochastic continuity of Schrödinger equation with random data in \hat {L}^{r}(\mathbf {R}^{n})(2\leq r<\infty) almost surely. The main ingredients are maximal function estimates and density theorem in Fourier-Lebesgue spaces as well as some large deviation estimates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an optically transparent broadband absorbing metamaterial is designed for electromagnetic protection and stealth for visible parts of ships. Based on the coupling resonance loss of double-lay metamaterial structure, the new absorbing material realizes broadband characteristics. Based on the photoelectric compatibility characteristics of graphene thin films, the new absorbing material realizes high transmittance characteristics. The measured results show that when the absorbing rate is higher than 90%, the bandwidth of the absorbing metamaterial is 7.95–18.65 GHz, covering X-band (7.95–12 GHz) and Ku-band (12–18.65 GHz), and the visible light transmittance is 85%. The design and preparation of new absorbing material can solve electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) design problems of high transmittance and broadband. It can be widely used in observation windows of ships, aircraft and reconnaissance control vehicle, display terminal of the information system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Studies have long shown that uncontrolled inflammatory responses in the brain play a key role in epilepsy pathogenesis. Microglias play an important role in epileptic-induced neuroinflammation, but their role after epileptic seizures is still poorly understood. Alleviating epilepsy and its comorbidities has become a key area of interest for pediatricians. Methods: A pilocarpine-induced rat model of epilepsy was established. The rats were randomly divided into four groups: a control group, epilepsy group, TLR4 inhibitor group (epilepsy+TAK-242), and NF-κB antagonist group (epilepsy+BAY11–7082). Results: 1. The results of TUNEL staining showed that the expression in rats in the epilepsy group was the most obvious and was significantly different from that in rats in the control, EP+BAY and EP+TAK groups. 2. The expression of TLR4 and NF-κB was highest in rats in the epilepsy group and was significantly different from that in rats in the control, EP+BAY and EP+TAK groups. 3. The fluorescence intensity and number of IBA-1-positive cells in rats in the epilepsy group were highest and significantly different from those in rats in the control, EP+BAY and EP+TAK groups. Western blot analysis of IBA-1 showed that the expression in rats in the epilepsy group was the highest and was statistically significant. 4. CD68 was the highest in rats in the epilepsy group and was statistically significant. 5. In the open-field experiment, the central region residence time of rats in the EP group was delayed, the central region movement distance traveled was prolonged, the total distance traveled was prolonged, and the average speed was increased. Compared with rats in the EP group, rats in the EP+BAY and EP+ TAK groups exhibited improvements to different degrees. Conclusion: At the tissue level, downregulation of the TLR4/NF-κB inflammatory pathway in epilepsy could inhibit microglial activation and the expression of the inflammatory factor CD68, could inhibit hyperphagocytosis, and inhibit the occurrence and exacerbation of epilepsy, thus improving cognitive and emotional disorders after epileptic seizures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalyst activated persulfate (PDS) to degrade organic pollutants in water has good application prospects. Herein, an effective method of using PDS combined with Ag/AgCl/BiO2-x under visible-light irradiation to remove the refractory organic pollutants in water was reported. The Ag/AgCl/BiO2-x ternary composite was prepared by hydrothermal synthesized BiO2-x with a subsequent in-situ precipitation and photoreduction treatment of AgCl. The as-prepared photocatalyst was characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS, XPS, UV–Vis-DRS, etc. The effects of Ag/AgCl loading amount, PDS dosage, pH, and coexisting anions (Cl−, CO32−, NO3−) on the degradation were investigated. Results showed that the coupling of the photocatalysis and persulfate greatly improved the degradation efficiency. The degradation of rhodamine B reached up to 98.9% for 2.5 h under the optimal conditions. After four cycles, the catalyst activity decreased to 81.9%, indicating a good recyclability and stability of the catalyst. Free radical capture experiments showed that ⋅O2− was the main active species in the Cat + Vis + PDS system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immature granulocytes (IGs) have significance for the diagnosis of myeloid neoplasms (MNs). The current study aims to use a hematology analyzer to evaluate the accuracy of IG parameters in MNs. Blood specimens from 388 patients with MN, 524 with non-hematological neoplasms (non-HNs), including 109 patients with inflammation and 68 undergoing G-CSF administration, and 500 healthy control subjects were analyzed. IG parameters was assayed by Sysmex XN-9000 (XN) and compared with manual assessments. A high level of agreement between IG% derived from XN and manual measurements for MN patients (r = 0.828, p < 0.0001) was revealed but only a moderate correlation for acute myeloid leukemia patients (AML; r = 0.597; p < 0.0001). Bland–Altman bias analysis was conducted, and the results showed that differences in IG% from XN and manual analysis for MN patients were considered clinically insignificant. ROC analysis demonstrated a good performance of IG# (AUC = 0.842) and IG% (AUC = 0.885) assessed by XN for MN patients with cut-off values of 0.200 × 109/L and 1.95%, respectively. IG parameters from Sysmex XN analyzer are helpful for screening of MNs even though granulocyte morphological abnormalities may interfere with IG parameter accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Periodontitis is the leading cause of tooth loss in adults, and psychological factors play an important role in the development of periodontitis. To elucidate the adverse effects of psychological stress on the inflammatory process and redox status of periodontitis tissue, fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the control, experimental periodontitis, psychological stress, experimental periodontitis plus psychological stress, and experimental periodontitis plus psychological stress plus fluoxetine groups. Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) was used to establish psychological stress, and silk ligature was used to induce experimental periodontitis. Four weeks later, stressed rats showed altered behaviour, serum hormone levels, and sucrose preference. More obvious alveolar bone loss and attachment loss and higher protein expressions of inflammatory cytokines were observed in the experimental periodontitis plus psychological stress group. The combination of CUMS and periodontitis had synergistic effects on increasing hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) protein expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and decreasing antioxidant enzyme activities compared with those in the stress or periodontitis groups. Moreover, psychological stress further increased p-IκBα and p-NF-κB p65 protein levels and decreased IκBα protein levels in periodontitis rats. Fluoxetine administration alleviated the adverse effects of psychological stress on the progression of periodontitis in rats. These results hint us that psychological stress could aggravate inflammation in periodontitis tissues, which may be partly due to local worsening of oxidative damage and further activation of the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signalling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Muscle fiber is the basic unit of skeletal muscle. Muscle fiber types play a crucial role in improving meat quality. In the current study, Wistar rats were chronic injected with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) for four weeks in order to define the 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) protein activity on muscle fiber composition, enzyme activity and the mRNA expression of muscle fiber type-related genes in gastrocnemius (GS) muscle. Food intake and body weight did not show a significant difference after AICAR treatment (P >.05). The AICAR treatment caused a significantly increased number and area proportion of type I muscle fiber and expression level MyHC I mRNA (P <.05), succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activities (P <.05), but decrease in the number proportion of type IIB muscle fiber and MyHC IIb and MyHC IIx mRNA level (P <.05). The Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) mRNA level (P <.05) was increased and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT-4) mRNA level tended to be higher (P =.052) in the AICAR group. These results demonstrated that chronic AICRA treatment induces oxidative muscle fiber switching, enhances oxidative enzyme activity and GLUT4 mRNA level, mediated by PGC-1α. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of urbanization, global warming, rain island effect and other factors, cities around the world are facing more frequent and intense flood events. In order to deal with the damage caused by urban flood effectively, it is increasingly important to accurately predict and characterize the information of the flood in cities. In recent years, the rise of machine learning methods provides a new technical means for flood prediction. In this study, Naive Bayes (NB) and Random Forest (RF) algorithm were used to forecast the waterlogging point and the waterlogging process at the waterlogging point respectively to achieve the goal of predicting the whole process of urban waterlogging. Compared with the actual result, the four evaluation indexes (P, R, A and F1) of the NB classification models are 91%, 90.5%, 98.9% and 90.7% respectively, and the three regression indexes (MAE, MRER and RMSE) of the RF regression model were respectively 0.95%, 9.53% and 1.21%. The results demonstrated that the prediction result of NB model for waterlogging point is reliable, and the process of waterlogging predicted by RF model is also consistent with the actual situation, which verify the validity and applicability of the NB model and RF model. This research is expected to provide scientific guidance and theoretical support for urban flood disaster mitigation and relief work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The local existence of smooth solutions to the inviscid Hall-MHD system has been obtained since Chae, Degond and Liu (Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Anal. Non Linéaire 31:555–565, 2014). However, as far as we know, how to construct the global small solutions to the inviscid Hall-MHD system is still an open problem. In the present paper, we give a positive answer in T 3 when the initial magnetic field is close to a background magnetic field satisfying the Diophantine condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By designing the ordered structure on the key physical dimensions, metamaterial can obtain extraordinary physical properties. The method gives transparent conductive absorbing metamaterial with broadband and high absorptivity. In this paper, a kind of absorbing metamaterial with indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrate is designed. The design method of double-sided etched an open loop and linear metamaterial periodic structures is adopted. The thickness of the absorbing metamaterial is 2.5 mm. The research shows that the working bandwidth is between 8.9 GHz and 17.4 GHz, the absorption rate is 90%, and the transmittance of visible light is 85% on average. The absorbing metamaterial has wide application value to solve the problem of visualization and absorption characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brookite TiO2 was synthesized and BiOBr was supported on the surface of brookite TiO2 by a hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses of the composites confirmed the formation of brookite TiO2/BiOBr. Transmission electron microscopy results confirmed the as-prepared composites were nano-sized. The optimum loading amount of BiOBr was 30%. The photocatalytic results show that the degradation efficiency of rhodamine B by titanite TiO2/BiOBr (30%) under visible-light irradiation for 2 h is close to 100%. •O2– and h+ are the main active species during the photocatalytic process. The improvement of photocatalytic activity might be because the formation of p–n hetero-junction enhanced the separation efficiency of photogenerated electron–hole pairs. The photocurrent density of the brookite/BiOBr (30%) was about 2 times higher than that of pure brookite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose an entanglement-creation scheme in a multi-atom ensemble trapped in an optical cavity, named entanglement amplification, converting unentangled states into entangled states and amplifying less-entangled ones to maximally entangled Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states whose fidelity is logarithmically dependent on the atom number and robust against common experimental noises. The scheme starts with a multi-atom ensemble initialized in a coherent spin state. By shifting the energy of a particular Dicke state, we break the Hilbert space of the ensemble into two isolated subspaces to tear the coherent spin state into two components so that entanglement is introduced. After that, we utilize the isolated subspaces to further enhance the entanglement by coherently separating the two components. By single-particle Rabi drivings on atoms in a high-finesse optical cavity illuminated by a single-frequency light, 2000-atom GHZ states can be created with a fidelity above 80% in an experimentally achievable system, making resources of ensembles at Heisenberg limit practically available for quantum metrology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flower-like porous carbon has fascinated significant attention due to its outstanding and exceptional properties. However, controlled synthesis of porous carbon with adjustable morphology, highly active sites and cross-linked pore channels remains still a great challenge. Herein, an inimitable dissolution–reassembly anisotropic growth strategy was firstly demonstrated for the fabrication of idiographic orchid-like hierarchical porous carbon with ultra-thin multilayer carbon sheets, high specific surface area (1063 m2 g−1), large pore volume (0.82 cm3 g−1) and rich nitrogen content (7.6 wt%). Highly reactive phloroglucinol and EDA aggregated magically and SiO2 acted as a pore former. Ingeniously, acetone acted as a "surgical knife," which cut the composite of SiO2@phloroglucinol–EDA into many tiny units and further anisotropic growth into orchid-like polymers. The width and thickness of the carbon petals can be effectively controlled with the diversification of acetone concentration. Intriguingly, monodisperse hollow carbon nanospheres could be harvested with silicon-deficient system, which may offer new insight into the construction of functionalized carbon materials with hollow architecture. Owing to the unmatched superstructures, orchid-like carbon materials can be employed as an ideal drug carrier and dye adsorbent. Figure Schematic illustration of solid carbon nanosphere, hollow carbon nanosphere and OHPC-25. For the first time, a novel dissolution–reassembly route based on strong hydrogen-bonding interaction was developed to prepare unique orchid-like hierarchical porous carbon, in which phloroglucinol acted as a carbon precursor and EDA both as a base catalyst and as a nitrogen precursor. The critical step to this synthetic approach was the ingeniously employed acetone as a "surgical knife" to cut the composite of SiO2@phloroglucinol–EDA into many tiny units, and these units were reassembled into orchid-like polymers. After adding acetone, the morphology of carbon materials has changed from solid nanospheres to hollow nanospheres. This strategy did not use any template as the cavity, which may offer a new insight into the comprehension of synthesized functionalized carbon materials with hollow architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rhenium disulfide (ReS2) has attracted tremendous interests as a promising electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) due to its unique distorted 1T structure. However, the controllable synthesis of ReS2 with desired nanostructures is still a challenge for improving its catalytic performance. Here, ReS2 nanoflowers are constructed on conductive carbon cloth by means of ambient pressure chemical vapor deposition. Characterization results confirm that the nanoflower structure with enormous edges is attributed to its propensity of out‐of‐plane growth. To investigate the structure variation of the nanoflowers, systematic growth experiments are carried out. By tuning the growth temperature, gas flow rate, and precursor mass, the edge‐exposed architecture is achieved. The dependence of catalytic performance on microstructures is further established, revealing that the ReS2 nanoflowers with maximized edge sites exhibit optimal catalytic performance. These findings provide a guideline for optimizing the HER performance of ReS2 and broaden the vision of improving novel HER catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Recently, there have been several studies on the clinical characteristics of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, these studies have mainly been concentrated in Wuhan, China; the sample sizes of each article were different; and the reported clinical characteristics, especially blood biochemical indices, were quite different. This study aimed to summarize the blood biochemistry characteristics of COVID-19 patients by performing a systemic review and meta-analysis of published studies. Methods: Comprehensive studies were screened from PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library through March 11, 2020. The inclusion criteria included studies investigating the biochemical indexes of patients with COVID-19. The statistical software R3.6.3 was used for meta-analysis. Results: Ten studies including 1745 COVID-19 patients met the inclusion criteria for our meta-analysis. Meta-analysis showed that 16% and 20% of patients with COVID-19 had alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels higher than the normal range, respectively. Thirty-four percent of patients showed albumin (ALB) levels lower than the normal range, and 6% of patients showed abnormal total bilirubin (TBil) levels. The levels of creatinine (CRE) were increased in 8% of patients. The creatine kinase (CK) level of 13% of patients exceeded the normal range, and 52% of patients had elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. In addition, six studies met the inclusion criteria for the systemic review evaluating the relevance between LDH levels and the severity of COVID-19, and all six studies showed a positive association between these two factors. Conclusions: Some patients with COVID-19 had different degrees of blood biochemical abnormalities, which might indicate multiple organ dysfunction. Some biochemical indexes, such as abnormal ALB and LDH, could reflect the severity of the disease to a certain extent. These blood biochemical indicators should be considered in the clinical management of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brookite TiO2 was synthesized by a hydrothermal method, g-C3N4 was prepared by a pyrolytic method, brookite/g-C3N4 composites were prepared by a calcining method, and brookite/g-C3N4/BiOBr ternary composites were prepared by loading BiOBr on the surface of brookite/g-C3N4. XRD and XPS analysis of the composites confirmed the formation of brookite TiO2/g-C3N4/BiOBr. SEM and TEM results confirmed the as-prepared composites were nanosized. The optimum loading amount of BiOBr was 30%. The photocatalytic results showed that the brookite/g-C3N4/30%BiOBr composites degraded rhodamine B completely under visible light irradiation. The degradation ratio of brookite/g-C3N4/30%BiOBr toward rhodamine B was nearly 100% for 2 h, which was much higher than that of brookite TiO2 and brookite/g-C3N4 catalysts. The reason for the improvement of photocatalytic activity might be because the composites promoted the formation of superoxide radicals and the separation efficiency of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. The photocurrent density of the brookite/g-C3N4/30%BiOBr was about 10 times higher than that of pure brookite. In addition, the brookite/g-C3N4/BiOBr showed a good repeatablity of photocatalysis. Ternary brookite/g-C3N4/BiOBr photocatalytic composites were prepared by several steps. TEM showed brookite spindel, BiOBr nanoplates and amorphous C3N4 interwined together. The composites have a good photocatalytic activity for the degradation of RhB solution as well as a good recyclability. The degradation ratio is still close to 100% after four times of recycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is commonly accepted that psychological stress is closely associated with the occurrence and development of chronic orofacial pain. However, the pathogenesis underlying this process has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we explored the role of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) mediated intercellular communication between neurons and astrocytes in the spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis (Vc) in the induction of masseter hyperalgesia by psychological stress in rats. We found that subjecting rats to 14 days of restraint stress (8 h/d) caused a significant decrease in body weight gain, behavioral changes and marked masseter hyperalgesia in the rats. We also found that exposure to restraint stress for 14 days caused the expression of pJNK in astrocytes in the Vc to significantly increase, and intrathecally infusing a JNK inhibitor significantly prevented restraint stress-induced masseter hyperalgesia in the rats. In addition, after exposure to restraint stress for 14 days, the stressed group exhibited a noticeably increased expression level of pNR2B in neurons in the Vc. Then, we intrathecally injected MK-801 (an NMDAR inhibitor) and ifenprodil (a selective NR2B subunit antagonist) and observed that the two types of inhibitors not only alleviated masseter hyperalgesia but also significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of JNK in the Vc after restraint stress; this indicates that the effect of NMDAR antagonists may influence the activation of astrocytic JNK. Furthermore, inhibitors of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) activation and guanylate cyclase (GC) inhibitor could not only inhibit the expression of pJNK in the Vc, but also effectively alleviate masseter hyperalgesia induced by restraint stress. Taken together, our results suggest that NMDAR activation could increase JNK phosphorylation in astrocytes after restraint stress, which may depend on the nNOS-GC pathway. The intercellular communication between neurons and astrocytes in the Vc may play a key role in the induction of masseter muscle hyperalgesia by psychological stress in rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies have revealed that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in the development of various liver diseases. However, the regulatory role of circRNAs in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, the circRNA profiles in a NASH mouse model were investigated, and their functions in NASH were predicted using bioinformatics analysis, with the aim of providing novel clues for delineating the mechanisms of action. A NASH mouse model was established by feeding mice with a methionine and choline-deficient diet. The liver circRNA profile was screened using a circRNA microarray, and the differentially expressed circRNAs were verified by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Subsequently, circRNA-microRNA (miRNA) interactions were predicted. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed to annotate the biological functions of host linear transcripts of circRNA. A total of 450 circRNAs were revealed to be dysregulated, with 298 circRNAs upregulated and 152 circRNAs downregulated in the NASH model mice. circRNA_29981 was identified as a significantly differentially expressed circRNA. The results from the circRNA-miRNA pathway interaction analysis revealed that circRNA_29981 was a potential regulator of hepatic stellate cell activation. The host linear transcripts were also analyzed, and the top 10 enriched GO entries and KEGG pathways were annotated. These findings suggested that circRNAs may be important regulators of NASH. Taken together, the results of the present study demonstrated that the circRNA profile in NASH may provide potential candidates for future studies aimed at elucidating the pathogenic mechanism(s) involved in the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Silybin is the major biologically active compound of silymarin, the standardized extract of the milk thistle (Silybum marianum). Increasing numbers of studies have shown that silybin can improve nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in animal models and patients; however, the mechanisms underlying silybin's actions remain unclear.Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet for 8 weeks to induce the NASH model, and silybin was orally administered to the NASH mice. The effects of silybin on lipid accumulation, hepatic fibrosis, oxidative stress, inflammation-related gene expression and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activities were evaluated by biochemical analysis, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, quantitative real-time PCR and western blot.Results: Silybin treatment significantly alleviated hepatic steatosis, fibrosis and inflammation in MCD-induced NASH mice. Moreover, silybin inhibited HSC activation and hepatic apoptosis and prevented the formation of MDBs in the NASH liver. Additionally, silybin partly reversed the abnormal expression of lipid metabolism-related genes in NASH. Further study showed that the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway played important roles in the silybin-derived antioxidant effect, as evidenced by the upregulation of Nrf2 target genes in the silybin treatment group. In addition, silybin significantly downregulated the expression of inflammation-related genes and suppressed the activity of NF-κB signaling.Conclusions: Silybin was effective in preventing the MCD-induced increases in hepatic steatosis, fibrosis and inflammation. The effect was related to alteration of lipid metabolism-related gene expression, activation of the Nrf2 pathway and inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway in the NASH liver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single phase of Bi3+, Gd3+, Sm3+ and Eu3+ co‐doped La2MgTiO6 red phosphors were synthesized by high temperature solid‐state method. The phase composition, morphology and fluorescent properties of the phosphors were analyzed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fluorescence spectrometer. The La2‐xMgTiO6:xEu3+ phosphors can be excited by UV (396 nm) and blue (465 nm) light‐emitting diode (LED) chips and show a strong red emitting with dominated wavelength at 615 nm. The optimum doping concentration of Eu3+ ion for La2MgTiO6 is x = 0.5. The luminescent intensities of 5D0 → 7F2 transition of Eu3+ in La1.5‐yMgTiO6:0.5Eu3+, yBi3+/Gd3+/Sm3+ were 1.31 times, 1.32 times and 1.88 times that of La1.5MgTiO6:0.5Eu3+ at y = 0.08, 0.06, 0.06 for Bi3+, Gd3+, or Sm3+ sensitizer, respectively. The chromaticity coordinates of La1.44MgTiO6:0.5Eu3+, 0.06Sm3+, (0.6342, 0.3513) were very close to those of the National Television Standard Committee (NTSC) standard red light coordinates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problems such as singleness of the absorption mechanism, difficulty of dispersion and inability of broadband absorption, carbon nanotubes were successfully prepared on the surface of acid oxidized carbon fiber by chemical grafting method. The effect of oxidation treatment on the carbon nanotubes modified carbon fiber and their electromagnetic properties were investigated. The results showed that the graft amount and graft efficiency of CNT were improved by oxidation treatment, resulting in the enhancement of the dielectric constant and the electromagnetic wave loss performance. At the condition of the nitric acid concentration of 65% and the reaction time of 8h, the grafted CNTs on the surface of CF reached 15.3% without agglomeration, which showed a good electromagnetic wave absorption property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single phase of PbBi2Nb2O9nanoplates was successfully synthesized by a hydrothermal method for the first time, using Pb(NO3)2, Bi(NO3)3·5H2O, and Nb2O5as the starting materials and NaOH as the mineralizer. The influences of the reaction conditions on the phases and morphologies of the products were investigated by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Diffuse reflectance spectra showed the band gap of as-synthesized PbBi2Nb2O9was 2.79 eV. Meanwhile, the photocatalytic activity for the decolorization of methylene blue under ultraviolet light irradiation of PbBi2Nb2O9plates was evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The creation and manipulation of one-dimensional conducting channels, V-shaped nanopits, in otherwise insulating BiFeO3 epilayers are reported. The formation and thickness-dependent evolution of nanopits have a close correlation with the relaxation of shear strain that stems from the crystal symmetry mismatch between BiFeO3 and the substrate. The local conduction at the nanopits exhibits a rectification behavior, and is governed by interface-regulated Poole–Frenkel emission. The accumulation of oxygen vacancies near the nanopits not only modifies the interface barrier height, but also delivers donor states in the vicinity of the conduction band edge, and therefore leads to locally enhanced nanopit conductance. Our findings provide a new insight into the interplay between defects and epitaxial strain, and open up a possible avenue for oxide nanoelectronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A ruthenium complex modified with (1 S,2 S)-1,2-diphenyl-1,2-ethanediamine efficiently catalyzes asymmetric hydrogenation of 3-chloro-1-phenylpropan-1-one in the presence of potassium hydroxide solution in isopropyl alcohol, specific optical rotation of the synthesized products reaching −24.6°. Effects of the reaction time, hydrogen pressure, and the alkali concentration on the reaction course have been elucidated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SrBi2Nb2O9nanoplates were successfully synthesized by a hydrothermal method for the first time, using Sr(NO3)2, Bi2O3, and Nb2O5as the starting materials and KOH as the mineralizer. The influences of the reaction conditions on the phases and morphologies of the products were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM results revealed that the as-prepared particles were plate shaped. Diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) showed the band gap of SrBi2Nb2O9was 2.15 eV. Meanwhile, the photocatalytic activity for the decolorization of methylene blue under ultraviolet light irradiation and electrochemical properties of SrBi2Nb2O9plates were evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A simple co-precipitation method has been used for the synthesis of single phase of three bismuth ferrites (BiFeO3, Bi25FeO40, Bi2Fe4O9). In this method the pH of the solutions kept unchanged during the co-precipitation process and single phase of three bismuth ferrites were obtained. Phase analysis results show that buffer solutions play an important role in the preparation of single phase of bismuth ferrites. Morphology analysis results show that the products are micron-sized. The decolorization ratio of methyl orange by the bismuth ferrites has reached from 65% to 90% under UV light irradiation for 2 h. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Based on co-citation cluster analysis, we propose a knowledge-transfer analysis model for any technology field. In this model, patent data with backward citations to non-patent literature and forward citations by later patents would be analyzed. Co-citation clustering of the cited articles defines scientific knowledge sources, while that of the patents themselves defines technology fronts. According to the citation between the article and patent clusters, the landscape of knowledge-transfer including route and strength between scientific knowledge sources and technology fronts can be mapped out. The model has been applied to the field of transgenic rice. As a result of the analysis, ten scientific knowledge sources and eight technology fronts have emerged, and reasonable links between them have been established, which clearly show how knowledge has been transferred in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The venom of spiders may inspire new drugs to treat carcinoma. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of P38 MAPK on tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis of lung adenocarcinoma cell line by spider venom. Methods: Lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells were cultured in PRMI-1640 medium and the apoptosis rate was observed after treatment with spider venom with a flow cytometer. The expression of P38 MAPK protein in lung cancer cells was analyzed using Western blot. Results: After targeting spider venom intervention, the expression of P38 MAPK in the cells compared to the control group was significantly down-regulated. The anticancer potency of spider venom is associated with decreased expression of P38 MAPK of lung adenocarcinoma cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

B Correction to: Earth Science Informatics b https://doi.org/10.1007/s12145-021-00700-8 In the original published version of this article, the third author's family name was misspelled. Publisher's note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. [Extracted from the article]