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Background: To compare the performance of whole tumor and habitats-based computed tomography (CT) radiomics for predicting immunophenotyping in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas (LSCC) and further evaluate the stratified effect of the radiomics model on disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of LSCC patients. Methods: In all, 106 LSCC patients (40 with inflamed and 66 with non-inflamed immunophenotyping) were randomly assigned into a training (n = 53) and testing (n = 53) cohort. Briefly, 750 radiomics features from contrast-enhanced CT images were respectively extracted from the whole tumor and two Otsu method-derived subregions. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated to evaluate the reproducibility. The radiomics models for predicting immunophenotyping were respectively created using K-nearest neighbors (KNN), logistic regression (LR), and Naive bayes (NB) classifiers. The performance of models in the testing cohort were compared using area under the curve (AUC). The prognostic value of the optimal model was determined by survival analysis. Results: The radiomics features derived from whole tumor showed better reproducibility than those derived from habitats. The best model for the whole tumor (LR classifier) showed superior performance than that for the habitats (KNN classifier) in the testing cohort, but there were no significant differences (AUC: 0.741 vs. 0.611, p = 0.112). Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that the immunophenotyping predicted by the optimal model was an independent risk factor of unfavorable DFS (p = 0.009) and OS (p = 0.008) in LSCC patients. Conclusions: Whole tumor-based CT radiomics could serve as a potential predictive biomarker of immunophenotyping and outcome prediction in LSCC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecular dynamics (MD) is an indispensable atomistic-scale computational tool widely-used in various disciplines. In the past decades, nearly all ab initio MD and machine-learning MD have been based on the general-purpose central/graphics processing units (CPU/GPU), which are well-known to suffer from their intrinsic "memory wall" and "power wall" bottlenecks. Consequently, nowadays MD calculations with ab initio accuracy are extremely time-consuming and power-consuming, imposing serious restrictions on the MD simulation size and duration. To solve this problem, here we propose a special-purpose MD processing unit (MDPU), which could reduce MD time and power consumption by about 103 times (109 times) compared to state-of-the-art machine-learning MD (ab initio MD) based on CPU/GPU, while keeping ab initio accuracy. With significantly-enhanced performance, the proposed MDPU may pave a way for the accurate atomistic-scale analysis of large-size and/or long-duration problems which were impossible/impractical to compute before. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of nanostructured heterostructure is a potent strategy for achieving high‐performance photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. Among these, constructing BiVO4‐based heterostructure stands out as a promising method for optimizing light‐harvesting efficiency and reducing severe charge recombination. Herein, we present a novel approach to fabricate a type II heterostructure of core/shell Bi2S3/BiVO4 using electrolytic deposition and successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) methods. We identify the type II heterostructure and the difference in fermi energy using UV‐Vis spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and PEC measurements. This redistribution of charges due to the fermi energy difference induces an interfacial built‐in electric field from BiVO4 to Bi2S3, reinforcing the photogenerated hole transfer kinetics from BiVO4 to Bi2S3. The Bi2S3/BiVO4 heterostructure exhibits a superior photocurrent (6.0 mA cm−2), enhanced charge separation efficiency (85 %), and higher open‐circuit photovoltage (350 mV). Additionally, the heterostructure displays a prolonged average lifetime of charge (1.63 ns), verifying this heterojunction could boost interfacial carriers' migration via an additional nonradiative quenching pathway. Furthermore, the lower photoluminescence (PL) intensity demonstrates the interfacial built‐in electric field is beneficial for boosting charge migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Surgery for adnexal mass does occur in pregnant women and therefore the choice of surgery during pregnancy needs to be carefully considered and studied. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of Laparo-endoscopic Single-site Surgery (LESS) for adnexal mass during pregnancy and investigate the perioperative condition, pregnancy complications, and obstetric outcomes of operative women during pregnancy. Methods: This study retrospectively collected medical records and surgery videos of 20 pregnant women who underwent LESS for adnexal mass between November 2019 and January 2022. Baseline characteristics, operative-related variables, and pregnancy outcomes were followed up. Results: LESS for adnexal mass was successfully performed in 20 pregnant women, with very satisfactory surgery outcomes reported in all cases. The average gestational age at operation was 15+2 weeks (range, 5+1- 25+4 weeks). The median operative time was 80.8 min (range, 40 -185 min) and the average operative bleeding was 28.0 ml (range, 10–50 ml). The average VAS of 24 h postoperatively was 1 (range, 0–2), and the average length of hospital stay was 5.15 days (range, 3–7 days). All these women delivered a healthy newborn at full term except 1 woman induced abortion for her own reasons at 16+5 weeks gestational age (GA). The average GA of delivery was 39+1 weeks (range, 37–40+1 weeks), the average birth weight was 3228.95 g (range, 2740–3930 g), and the average Apgar score at 5 min was 9.95 (range, 9–10). Conclusions: LESS for adnexal mass is safe and feasible for pregnant women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of innovative methods for synthesizing silylcyclopentene compounds is particularly important for enriching and improving the synthetical toolbox of organosilicon compounds. Herein, a facile approach has been developed for the synthesis of silylcyclopentenes promoted by mechanochemically generated organolithium species as silicon nucleophiles under ball milling conditions, avoiding the requirement of large amounts of bulk solvent. This operationally simple method demonstrates good functional group compatibility, which provides a great opportunity for further exploration of the synthetic applications of silylcyclopentenes. Density functional theory calculations indicated that the transient lithiosilole intermediates undergo a stepwise nucleophilic addition process, which governs this mechanic‐force‐promoted [4+1] cycloaddition reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increased circulating tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases‐1 (TIMP‐1) levels have been observed in patients with acute lung injury (ALI). However, the sex‐specific regulation of TIMP‐1 and the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been well elucidated. In this study, we found that plasma TIMP‐1 levels were significantly higher in COVID‐19 and H1N1 patients compared with those in healthy subjects (n = 25). TIMP‐1 concentrations were significantly different between males and females in each disease group. Among female but not male patients, TIMP‐1 levels significantly correlated with the PaO2/FiO2 ratio and hospital length of stay. Using the mouse model of ALI induced by the H1N1 virus, we found that TIMP‐1 is strikingly induced in PDGFRα‐positive cells in the murine lungs. Moreover, female mice showed a higher Timp‐1 expression in the lungs on day 3 postinfection. Mechanistically, we observed that estrogen can upregulate TIMP‐1 expression in lung fibroblasts, not epithelial cells. In addition, overexpression of estrogen receptor α (ERα) increased the TIMP‐1 promoter activity. In summary, TIMP‐1 is an estrogen‐responsive gene, and its promoter activity is regulated by ERα. Circulating TIMP‐1 may serve as a sex‐specific marker, reflecting the severity and worst outcomes in female patients with SARS‐CoV2‐ and IAV‐related ALI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness, yet its molecular mechanisms are unclear. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contribute to dysfunction in DR, but the characteristics and functions of vitreous EVs are unclear. This study investigated the inflammatory properties of type 2 diabetic (db) vitreous EVs. EVs isolated from the vitreous of db and non-db donors were used for nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), immunogold staining, Western blotting, and proteomic analysis by mass spectrometry. Intracellular uptake of vitreous EVs by differentiated macrophages was evaluated using ExoGlow membrane labeling, and the impact of EVs on macrophage (THP-1) activation was assessed by cytokine levels using RT-qPCR. NTA and TEM analysis of db and non-db vitreous EVs showed non-aggregated EVs with a heterogeneous size range below 200 nm. Western blot detected EV markers (Alix, Annexin V, HSP70, and Flotillin 1) and an upregulation of Cldn5 in db EVs. While the db EVs were incorporated into macrophages, treatment of THP-1 cells with db EVs significantly increased mRNA levels of TNFα and IL-1β compared to non-db EVs. Proteomic and gene enrichment analysis indicated pro-inflammatory characteristics of db EVs. Our results suggest a potential involvement of EC-derived Cldn5+ EVs in triggering inflammation, offering a novel mechanism involved and presenting a possible therapeutic avenue for DR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigating plate tectonics through the lens of back-arc extension in subduction systems, this study introduces a "hot region" onto an overriding plate (OP) in 2D thermo-mechanical models, simulating the role of an arc. The models identified two extension locations on the OP: Extension in the Hot region (mode EH) and Extension at a Far-field location (mode EF), which is about 750 km from the trench. The study also found that extension can occur at the same far-field location without a hot region when the OP is young and thin or when the subducting plate (SP) is old with a high sinking velocity. Our models suggest that the EH mode is common, occurring in many cases like the Mariana Trough and Lau Basin, while the EF mode is rare, potentially occurring in locations like the Japan Sea. The primary driving mechanism in our models is poloidal flow beneath the OP, and the extension process involves competition between basal drag, which thins the OP, and thermal healing, which thickens it, as well as competition between thermal weakening in the hot region and that at the far-field location. Increased trench retreat rates, facilitated by increased hot-region temperature and width, have encouraged this flow and have consequently promoted back-arc extension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DeePMD-kit is a powerful open-source software package that facilitates molecular dynamics simulations using machine learning potentials known as Deep Potential (DP) models. This package, which was released in 2017, has been widely used in the fields of physics, chemistry, biology, and material science for studying atomistic systems. The current version of DeePMD-kit offers numerous advanced features, such as DeepPot-SE, attention-based and hybrid descriptors, the ability to fit tensile properties, type embedding, model deviation, DP-range correction, DP long range, graphics processing unit support for customized operators, model compression, non-von Neumann molecular dynamics, and improved usability, including documentation, compiled binary packages, graphical user interfaces, and application programming interfaces. This article presents an overview of the current major version of the DeePMD-kit package, highlighting its features and technical details. Additionally, this article presents a comprehensive procedure for conducting molecular dynamics as a representative application, benchmarks the accuracy and efficiency of different models, and discusses ongoing developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel structural reliability analysis method that combines the improved beluga whale optimization (IBWO) and the arctangent function‐based maximum entropy method (AMEM) is proposed in this paper. It aims to augment the accuracy of failure probability prediction in structural reliability analysis based on the traditional maximum entropy method (MEM). First, the arctangent function is introduced to avoid the effects of truncation error and numerical overflow in the traditional MEM. The arctangent function can nonlinearly transform the structural performance function defined on the infinite interval into a transformed performance function defined on the bounded interval. Subsequently, the undetermined Lagrange multipliers in the maximum entropy probability density function (MEPDF) of the transformed performance function are obtained using IBWO at a swifter convergence speed with heightened convergence accuracy. Finally, the MEPDF of the transformed performance function can be obtained by combining the IBWO and AMEM, and the structural failure probability can be predicted. The analysis of the metro bogie frame as an engineering example reveals that compared with the traditional MEM using the genetic algorithm to solve the Lagrange multipliers, the proposed method diminishes the relative error in failure probability prediction from 20.51% to only 0.09%. This method significantly enhances the prediction accuracy of failure probability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymer electrolytes play a crucial role in advancing rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) owing to their exceptional characteristics, including high flexibility, superior interface compatibility, broad electrochemical stability window, and enhanced safety features. Despite these advantages, research in this domain remains nascent, plagued by single preparation approaches and challenges associated with the compatibility between polymer electrolytes and Mg metal anode. In this study, we present a novel synthesis strategy to fabricate a glycerol α,α′‐diallyl ether‐3,6‐dioxa‐1,8‐octanedithiol‐based composite gel polymer electrolyte supported by glass fiber substrate (GDT@GF CGPE) through anion modification and thiol‐ene click chemistry polymerization. The developed route exhibits novelty and high efficiency, leading to the production of GDT@GF CGPEs featuring exceptional mechanical properties, heightened ionic conductivity, elevated Mg2+ transference number, and commendable compatibility with Mg anode. The assembled modified Mo6S8||GDT@GF||Mg cells exhibit outstanding performance across a wide temperature range and address critical safety concerns, showcasing the potential for applications under extreme conditions. Our innovative preparation strategy offers a promising avenue for the advancement of polymer electrolytes in high‐performance rechargeable magnesium batteries, while also opens up possibilities for future large‐scale applications and the development of flexible electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymer electrolytes play a crucial role in advancing rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) owing to their exceptional characteristics, including high flexibility, superior interface compatibility, broad electrochemical stability window, and enhanced safety features. Despite these advantages, research in this domain remains nascent, plagued by single preparation approaches and challenges associated with the compatibility between polymer electrolytes and Mg metal anode. In this study, we present a novel synthesis strategy to fabricate a glycerol α,α′‐diallyl ether‐3,6‐dioxa‐1,8‐octanedithiol‐based composite gel polymer electrolyte supported by glass fiber substrate (GDT@GF CGPE) through anion modification and thiol‐ene click chemistry polymerization. The developed route exhibits novelty and high efficiency, leading to the production of GDT@GF CGPEs featuring exceptional mechanical properties, heightened ionic conductivity, elevated Mg2+ transference number, and commendable compatibility with Mg anode. The assembled modified Mo6S8||GDT@GF||Mg cells exhibit outstanding performance across a wide temperature range and address critical safety concerns, showcasing the potential for applications under extreme conditions. Our innovative preparation strategy offers a promising avenue for the advancement of polymer electrolytes in high‐performance rechargeable magnesium batteries, while also opens up possibilities for future large‐scale applications and the development of flexible electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and H1N1 viruses are inflammatory lung pathogens that can lead to acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). ALI/ARDS are still life-threatening diseases in critically ill patients with 30–40% mortality in the last decade. Currently, there are no laboratory tests for the early diagnosis or prognosis of ALI/ARDS. Club cell secretory protein (CC16) has been investigated as a potential biomarker of lung epithelial damage in various lung diseases. In this study, we evaluated whether plasma CC16 reflects the severity of COVID-19 and H1N1 infections. The plasma CC16 levels showed no significant differences between H1N1 and COVID-19 groups (p = 0.09). Among all subjects, CC16 levels were significantly higher in non-survivors than in survivors (p = 0.001). Upon the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) analysis, CC16 had an acceptable value to distinguish survivors and non-survivors (p = 0.002). In the COVID-19 group, plasma CC16 levels moderately correlated with the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score (r = 0.374, p = 0.003) and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (r = 0.474, p < 0.001). In the H1N1 group, a positive correlation was observed between the CC16 levels and hospital length of stay (r = 0.311, p = 0.022). Among all the patients, weak correlations between plasma CC16 levels with the SOFA score (r = 0.328, p < 0.001) and hospital length of stay (r = 0.310, p < 0.001) were observed. Thus, circulating CC16 might reflect the severity of COVID-19 and H1N1 infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nutritional benefits and immunological advantages of consuming nuts and seeds are well-established. However, the link between nuts and seeds consumption and the susceptibility of being overweight or obese among adolescents is not clear. This study aims to explore this relationship in adolescents aged 12–19. Using a weighted multiple logistic regression model, we analysed data of the Food Patterns Equivalents Database and the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2003 to 2018. We found a significant association between nuts and seeds consumption and a reduced odds of being overweight or obese in females. Specifically, females who habitually consumed nuts and seeds had lower odds of being overweight or obese (OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.32–0.94). Additionally, we found an L-shaped relationship between nuts and seeds consumption and appropriate waist-to-height ratio in males. The findings suggest that nuts and seeds consumption may contribute to healthier physical development in adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel immunodetection sensing platform for Salmonella based on a CoFe-MOF-carbon nanotube composite was developed. The CoFe-MOF-CNT composite exhibited excellent electrochemical performance, providing a highly conductive and stable matrix for antibody immobilization and signal amplification. Under optimized conditions, the immunosensor demonstrated a wide linear range of 102 to 107 CFU/mL, with a low detection limit of 37 CFU/mL and a high sensitivity of 6.061 µA/log(CFU/mL). The immunosensor showed excellent specificity towards Salmonella, with a relative response of 100% for Salmonella and less than 10% for non-target bacteria. The immunosensor exhibited good reproducibility (RSD of 4.2%) and stability, retaining 88.7% of its initial response after 30 days of storage at 4 °C. The practical applicability of the immunosensor was demonstrated by analyzing spiked milk samples, with recoveries ranging from 96.7% to 105.2% and RSD less than 6.5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) parameters in distinguishing sinonasal lymphoma from sinonasal carcinoma. Methods: Forty-two participants with histologically confirmed sinonasal lymphomas and fifty-two cases of sinonasal carcinoma underwent imaging with a 3.0T MRI scanner. DCE-MRI and DWI were conducted, and various parameters including type of time-intensity curve(TIC), time to peak, peak enhancement, peak contrast enhancement, washout rate, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and relative ADC were measured. Binary logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were employed to assess the diagnostic capability of individual and combined indices for differentiating nasal sinus lymphoma from nasal sinus carcinoma. Results: Sinonasal lymphoma predominantly exhibited type II TIC(n = 20), whereas sinonasal carcinoma predominantly exhibited type III TIC(n = 23). Significant differences were observed in all parameters except washout ratio (p < 0.05), and ADC value emerged as the most reliable diagnostic tool in single parameter. Combined DCE-MRI parameters demonstrated superior diagnostic efficacy compared to individual parameters, with the highest efficiency (area under curve = 0.945) achieved when combining all parameters of DCE-MRI and DWI. Conclusions: Multiparametric evaluation involving contrast-enhanced dynamic MRI and DWI holds considerable diagnostic value in distinguishing sinonasal lymphoma from sinonasal carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An electron donor–acceptor complex was utilized to generate alkoxy radicals from alcohols under mild conditions using visible light. This approach was combined with a hydroxybromination process to achieve the deconstructive functionalization of alkenes, leading to the production of geminal dibromides. Mechanistic investigations indicated the intermediacy of hypervalent iodine (III) compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enhancing soil structure and soil nitrogen availability is the key to sustainable agricultural development in global cropping systems. Straw return can affect soil aggregation, but the results of recent studies on the influence of straw return on soil aggregation are not consistent, and the distribution and availability of straw‐derived nitrogen in soils are still unclear. Here, a meta‐analysis of the effects of straw return on soil aggregation was conducted based on 57 studies published in China over the past 10 years. Moreover, combined with a pot experiment, the distribution and transfer characteristics of the two main wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)‐preceding crops, corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) straw‐derived nitrogen in the soils were studied by using the 15N‐tracer method in the main wheat‐producing areas of China. 15N‐labeled straw was introduced into soils in pots at rates of 0.3% and 0.5% of the soil dry mass and incubated 60%–70% of the field water capacity throughout the entire growth period of wheat (220 days). A meta‐analysis revealed that straw return significantly improved the mass ratio of large macro‐aggregates (LM%) and small macro‐aggregates (SM%) but significantly decreased the mass ratio of micro‐aggregates (MI%) and silt plus clay‐size particles (CS%), with mean effect sizes of 36.27%, 9.06%, −8.26%, and −21.32%, respectively. The mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD) also increased by 21.48% and 15.64%, respectively. Compared with SM%, LM% made a greater contribution to the stability of soil aggregates. Moreover, only LM% showed a significant positive correlation with the corresponding aggregate‐associated nitrogen content, which was an important reason for the improvement in soil nitrogen availability after straw return. The positive effect of straw return on soil aggregation was greatest when the soil pH was close to 6.5–7.5, the average annual temperature was greater than 15°C, and the average annual rainfall was close to 800–1000 mm. The results of the pot experiment revealed that the proportions of straw‐derived nitrogen in >2 mm aggregates were 1.21–1.28, 1.50–2.23, and 1.34–1.74 times greater than those in 0.25–2, 0.053–0.25, and <0.053 mm aggregates, respectively. Moreover, the proportion of straw‐derived nitrogen content of aggregates of different particle sizes showed that the proportion of straw used to reach 0.5% of the soil dry weight was greater than 0.3%, which was 1.09–1.66 times greater, and that of soybean straw was significantly greater than that of corn straw, which was 1.50–2.28 times greater. At application rates of 60 g pot−1 and 100 g pot−1 straw, the absorption of soybean straw‐derived nitrogen by wheat was 1.83 and 2.15 times greater than that of corn straw‐derived nitrogen, respectively. In conclusion, straw return effectively improved soil aggregate stability and nitrogen availability, which was closely related to the increase in soil LM%. Soybean straw can stabilize soil aggregates better than corn straw, and its straw‐derived nitrogen is an important nitrogen source for subsequent wheat crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research work, we investigate the direct impact of CEO power on corporate performance, as well as the mediating role of green innovation in this hypothesized relationship. In this study, we use observation data collected from 780 listed manufacturing companies, explicitly focusing on the Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE), and adopt a GMM (generalized method of moments) model for testing our hypotheses. The results of this research show that CEO power has a negative impact on sustainable corporate performance, while the mediating role of green innovation positively and completely regulates the effect of CEO power on enterprises' sustainable performance. This study adds novelty to the literature as it explores the influence of green innovation in manufacturing enterprises on CEO power and firm performance and observes the direct impact of green innovation and CEO power on sustainable business performance. The results of this study show that a green innovation strategy significantly affects CEO power and manufacturing firm performance and that companies that adopt green initiatives can increase corporate value and improve their reputation among stakeholders. The conclusions of this study have important implications for both theory and practice in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Kunduleng granite hosts one of several significant uranium anomalies within the southern Great Xing'an Range, NE China. Whole-rock geochemistry and mineral chemistry data, along with the zircon U-Pb-Hf isotope have been used to constrain the petrogenesis of this granitic intrusion and the origin of the uranium anomaly. Microscopically, quartz, alkali-feldspar, and plagioclase are the essential mineral constituents of the granite, with minor biotite, while monazite, apatite, xenotime, and zircon are accessory minerals. Geochemically, the silica- and alkali-rich granites show a highly fractionated character with "seagull-shaped" REE patterns and significant negative anomalies of Ba and Sr, along with low Zr/Hf and Nb/Ta ratios. The granite has positive zircon εHf(t) values ranging from +12.7 to +14.5 and crustal model ages (TDM2) of 259–376 Ma, indicating a Paleozoic juvenile crustal source. Uraninite and brannerite are the main radioactive minerals responsible for the uranium anomaly within the Kunduleng granite. Uraninite presents well-developed cubic crystals and occurs as tiny inclusions in quartz and K-feldspar with magmatic characteristics (e.g., elevated ThO2, Y2O3, and REE2O3 contents and low CaO, FeO, and SiO2 concentrations). The calculated U-Th-Pb chemical ages (135.4 Ma) are contemporaneous with the U-Pb zircon age (135.4–135.6 Ma) of the granite, indicating a magmatic genesis for uraninite. The granites are highly differentiated, and extreme magmatic fractionation might be the main mechanism for the initial uranium enrichment. Brannerite is relatively less abundant and typically forms crusts on ilmenite and rutile or it cements them, representing the local redistribution and accumulation of uranium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The epicanthal fold (EF) is a semilunar skin fold located in the medial canthus in most Asians. The medial canthus fibrous band (MCFB) reportedly plays a critical role in EF formation. Variations in MCFB shape and size affect the severity and type of EF. Objectives We aimed to analyze MCFB variations in different types and severities of EF and explore the effect of the MCFB resection epicanthoplasty technique (MCFB epicanthoplasty). Methods Surgical videos of 40 patients undergoing MCFB epicanthoplasty in our department were reviewed. The MCFB (area), transverse dimension, vertical dimension, upper eyelid direction length (UEDL), and lower eyelid direction length (LEDL) were measured. For aesthetic assessment, 37 patients were followed up for 6 months; intercanthal distance (ICD) and horizontal lid fissure length (HLFL) were measured. Preoperative and postoperative ICD/HLFL ratios were compared. Postoperative scar recovery was evaluated with the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale. Statistical significance was set at P <.05. Results The MCFB diameter and area were larger for severe EF than for moderate EF (P <.01). Patients with severe EF had larger LEDL than UEDL (P <.01). The tarsalis type had a larger LEDL than the palpebralis type with the same severity (P <.01). MCFB epicanthoplasty yielded favorable postoperative cosmetic effects and scar recovery. Postoperative ICD decreased, while HLFL increased compared to preoperative values (P <.001). The ICD/HLFL ratio was significantly lower postoperatively than preoperatively (P <.001). Postoperative ICD/HLFL ratio was 1.2:1. Conclusions The MCFB affects the severity and type of EF. MCFB epicanthoplasty effectively corrected moderate to severe EF. Level of Evidence: 3 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulmonary surfactants play a crucial role in managing lung lipid metabolism, and dysregulation of this process is evident in various lung diseases. Alternations in lipid metabolism lead to pulmonary surfactant damage, resulting in hyperlipidemia in response to lung injury. Lung macrophages are responsible for recycling damaged lipid droplets to maintain lipid homeostasis. The inflammatory response triggered by external stimuli such as cigarette smoke, bleomycin, and bacteria can interfere with this process, resulting in the formation of lipid-laden macrophages (LLMs), also known as foamy macrophages. Recent studies have highlighted the potential significance of LLM formation in a range of pulmonary diseases. Furthermore, growing evidence suggests that LLMs are present in patients suffering from various pulmonary conditions. In this review, we summarize the essential metabolic and signaling pathways driving the LLM formation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis, tuberculosis, and acute lung injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Machine learning-assisted modeling of the inter-atomic potential energy surface (PES) is revolutionizing the field of molecular simulation. With the accumulation of high-quality electronic structure data, a model that can be pretrained on all available data and finetuned on downstream tasks with a small additional effort would bring the field to a new stage. Here we propose DPA-1, a Deep Potential model with a gated attention mechanism, which is highly effective for representing the conformation and chemical spaces of atomic systems and learning the PES. We tested DPA-1 on a number of systems and observed superior performance compared with existing benchmarks. When pretrained on large-scale datasets containing 56 elements, DPA-1 can be successfully applied to various downstream tasks with a great improvement of sample efficiency. Surprisingly, for different elements, the learned type embedding parameters form a spiral in the latent space and have a natural correspondence with their positions on the periodic table, showing interesting interpretability of the pretrained DPA-1 model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spontaneous polarization plays a crucial role in manifesting unprecedented properties in polar materials, yet its mechanism remains relatively unexplored. We lack certainty regarding how asymmetric groups distort to generate spontaneous polarization, and the understanding of how spontaneous polarization changes with temperature is incomplete. In this study, we have grown a high-quality crystal of metal borate halides, specifically Mn3B7O13Cl, as a proof of principle for spontaneous polarization in polar materials. Our results for Mn3B7O13Cl indicate that approximately 80% of spontaneous polarization originates from [MnCl2O4], and the magnitude of spontaneous polarization associated with [MnCl2O4] remains nearly constant with temperature. Meanwhile, the temperature-dependent variation in spontaneous polarization is entirely governed by the [BO4–BO3] groups. These findings provide insight into the mechanism of spontaneous polarization in polar materials, particularly metal borate halides, and offer a new pathway for inducing properties related to spontaneous polarization in this class of materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a rapid algorithm is proposed to efficiently predict the damage of target structures subjected to internal explosions. Firstly, a data-driven approach was used to obtain the quasi-static peak pressure of the blast-loaded chamber based on a large amount of experimental data. The variation of the gas mass in each chamber was obtained using a pressure relief algorithm. The SDOF method was used to calculate the deformation of the wall plates to further calculate the change in volume and open area of the chamber. The change in pressure was calculated using the ideal gas equation of state. The proposed algorithm was then used to calculate the pressure change and wall deformation in each box. The results were compared with existing experimental data and found to be in good agreement. Finally, the results of the proposed algorithm are visualized, and the effects of different influencing factors such as explosion equivalent, cavity size, and wall thickness on the failure characteristics of multi-box structures were studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rhizospheric microbial community of emergent macrophytes plays an important role in nitrogen removal, especially in the eutrophic wetlands. The objective of this study was to identify the differences in anammox bacterial community composition among different emergent macrophytes and investigate revealed the the main factors affecting on the composition, diversity, and abundance of anammox bacterial community. Results showed that the composition, diversity, and abundance of the anammox community were significantly different between the vegetated sediments of three emergent macrophytes and unvegetated sediment. The composition of the anammox bacterial community was different in the vegetated sediments of different emergent macrophytes. Also, the abundance of nitrogen cycle-related functional genes in the vegetated sediments was found to be higher than that in the unvegetated sediment. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and structural equation models analysis (SEM) showed that salinity and pH were the main environmental factors influencing the composition and diversity of the anammox bacterial community and NO2−-N indirectly affected anammox bacterial community diversity by affecting TOC. nirK-type denitrifying bacteria abundance had significant effects on the bacterial community composition, diversity, and abundance of anammox bacteria. The community composition of anammox bacteria varies with emergent macrophyte species. The rhizosphere of emergent macrophytes provides a favorable environment and promotes the growth of nitrogen cycling-related microorganisms that likely accelerate nitrogen removal in eutrophic wetlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Identify radiomics features associated with progression-free survival (PFS) and develop a predictive model for accurate PFS prediction in liver metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor patients (GIST). Methods: This multi-center retrospective study involved a comprehensive review of clinical and imaging data pertaining to 211 patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) from Center A and B. A total of 147 patients with hepatic metastatic GIST were included, with 102 cases as the training set and 45 cases as the external validation set. Radiomics features were extracted from non-enhanced MR images, specifically T2WI, DWI, and ADC, and relevant features were selected through LASSO-Cox regression. A radiomics nomogram model was then constructed using multivariable Cox regression analysis to effectively predict PFS. The models performance were evaluated with the concordance index (C-index). Results: The median age of the patients was 53 years, with 82 males and 65 females. A total of 21 radiomics features were selected to generate the radiomics signature. Radiomics signature slightly outperformed the clinical model but without significant difference (P > 0.05). Integrated radiomics signature with clinical features to build a nomogram, which exhibited high predictive performance in both training (C-index 0.757, 95% CI 0.692–0.822) and validation cohorts (C-index 0.718, 95% CI 0.618–0.818). Nomogram significantly outperformed the clinical model (P = 0.002 for training cohort, P < 0.001 for validation cohort). Stable long-term predictions shown by time-dependent ROC analysis (AUC 0.765–0.919 in training, 0.766–0.893 in validation). Multivariable Cox regression confirmed radiomics signature as an independent prognostic factor for preoperative survival prediction in hepatic metastatic GIST patients (HR = 3.973). Conclusion: Radiomics signature is valuable for predicting PFS in metastatic GIST patients. Integrating imaging features and clinical factors into a comprehensive nomogram improves accuracy and effectiveness of survival prognosis, guiding personalized treatment strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A dual-target fluorescent chemosensor BQC (((E)-N-benzhydryl-2-(quinolin-2-ylmethylene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide) was synthesized for detecting In3+ and ClO−. BQC displayed green and blue fluorescence responses to In3+ and ClO− with low detection limits (0.83 µM for In3+ and 2.50 µM for ClO−), respectively. Importantly, BQC is the first fluorescent chemosensor capable of detecting In3+ and ClO−. The binding ratio between BQC and In3+ was determined to be a 2:1 through Job plot and ESI-MS analysis. BQC could be successfully utilized as a visible test kit to detect In3+. Meanwhile, BQC showed a selective turn-on response to ClO− even in the presence of anions or reactive oxygen species. The sensing mechanisms of BQC for In3+ and ClO− were demonstrated by 1 H NMR titration, ESI-MS and theoretical calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Real-time Driving Risk Assessment (RDRA) is a critical component of traffic safety and is influenced by confounding impacts from drivers, surrounding vehicles, and roadway conditions. Previous studies simplified the RDRA based on kinematic characteristics. However, drivers perceived the risks not only through kinematic characteristics but also by anticipating the behaviors of surrounding participants and execute collision-preventive maneuvers. In this study, an innovative RDRA framework based on the Psycho-Physical Field (PPF) is proposed. Specifically, the PPF of the subjective vehicle exerts repulsive forces on intrusive risk sources in different directions, of which the two-dimensional field distribution is determined by physical collision-related measures and regulated by the psychological characteristics of behavior anticipations and risk perception abilities. The proposed method was first analyzed through theoretical feasibility analyses and verified for over 450 high-risk events from naturalistic driving data, including three typical types of scenarios: car-following, lane-changing, and being cut-in/off. Moreover, the adaptability was further validated through three cases and compared with the risk warning functions of Mobileye. The results showed that the proposed method can provide accurate risk evaluations, and identify potential hazards about 2 s in advance for high-risk cut-in events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focusing on the problem of unclear ray-traced spots and their distribution rules in the design process of the Herriott cell, first, the characteristics of long-optical-path gas absorption cells were analyzed, and the calculation method of basic cavity length and the effective optical path of Herriott gas absorber cells were studied. Second, according to the transmission characteristics of geometric optics, a physical model of light transmission in Herriott cells was established via the LightTools software. Finally, simulation analysis was performed on Herriott cells with 5- and 14.4-m optical paths separately, determining the quantitative relationship between d/f and the number of spots reflected on the concave mirror, and optimizing the effective optical path and output laser energy of the Herriott cells. Through research analysis, the sizes and distribution positions of concave mirror spots in the Herriott cells were identified, as well as the factors affecting the number of reflections. It was also found that the number of reflected spots gradually decreases as d/f increases, revealing the light-tracing results and its spot distribution rule on the mirror surface, as well as verifying the accuracy of the theory. The findings of this study provide a basis for the optical path system design and optimization for Herriott cells with different optical path lengths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The violent goods vibration during curve negotiation is a huge threat to the vehicle running safety. Qualified load restraint assemblies that can significantly suppress the cargo vibration are necessary. This study proposes a novel method for evaluating the essential restraint strength, focusing on the relative motion between cargo and wagon. In the beginning, as a comparison, current methods are used to calculate the necessary stiffness of lashings, which are adopted to restrain the cargo vibration on the wagon. Based on the data of the field test, the accuracy of the established wagon-cargo coupled dynamics model is validated. The loaded wagon model negotiates the curve under different running and loading conditions. The simulation results and analysis demonstrate effective strategies for suppressing the vibration of the cargo and reveal the necessary lashing stiffness. The comparison among the results of different evaluation methods shows that the stability of the cargo can be improved by optimizing the lashing stiffness with the method of dynamics simulations. We hope this study will make a positive contribution to the safety of railway freight transportation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel subspace-based positioning error calibration method is proposed for six-axis industrial robots. This method divides the entire workspace of the robot into two sub-identification spaces to achieve error dimensionality reduction. A spherical S-shaped trajectory with multi-axis linkage is proposed by using a double ball bar (DBB). The error measurement mode combining three-axis and six-axis linkage is adopted to effectively simplify the error identification process and improve the calibration accuracy. In order to evaluate the influence of various errors on the positioning error of the robot end-effector, based on the robot kinematics calibration model, the sensitivity analysis of each axis error is carried out by uniaxial and multi-axis linkage. Compared with the last three axes, the error of the first three axes has a greater impact on the positioning error of the robot end-effector. The installation error of the DBB is eliminated by fitting three orthogonal plane circular trajectories. Compared with the general six-axis linkage calibration method, the calibration accuracy of the proposed subspace calibration method is improved by 15.52%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To assess temporal trends of chronic kidney disease (CKD) attributable to type 2 diabetes (T2D) globally and in five sociodemographic index (SDI) regions. Materials and Methods: We extracted the population data and CKD burden attributable to T2D from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. We evaluated the trends of disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs), mortality, prevalence and incidence through age‐period‐cohort modelling, and calculated net drifts (overall annual percentage changes), local drifts (annual percentage changes in each age group), longitudinal age curves (fitted longitudinal age‐specific rates), period relative risks (RRs) and cohort RRs. Results: From 1990 to 2019, the global burden of CKD attributable to T2D showed increasing trends in general. The burden of CKD attributable to T2D was highest in the middle SDI region and lowest in the low SDI region. Age effects increased with age, and peaked at the ages of 75‐79 and 80‐84 years for incidence and prevalence, respectively. Period RRs in the burden of CKD attributable to T2D increased, with the high SDI being the most remarkable in DALYs and mortality, and the middle SDI being the most notable in incidence. Cohort RRs showed unfavourable trends in incidence and prevalence among recent cohorts. Conclusions: After a lengthy period of multi‐initiative diabetes management, the high‐middle SDI region exhibited improvement. However, unresolved issues and improvement gaps were still remarkable. Future efforts to reduce the burden of CKD attributable to T2D in the population should prioritize addressing the unfavourable patterns identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thin-walled metal plates and cabin structures are widely found in ships and cargos which are susceptible to attacks or accidental explosions. The present work focuses on the dynamic response mechanism of steel plates under unconfined and confined blast loads. In the experiment, digital image correlation (DIC) technique was applied to record and analyze the dynamic response process of a large-scale field blast test. The DIC measured curve and the numerically calculated curves agree well in both trends and peak values. Then, the dynamic response mechanisms of steel plates under an unconfined blast (UB) load and confined blast (CB) load were compared and discussed. The results show that the dynamic response of plates can be divided into three phases under both UB and CB loads, with different mechanisms. In phase I, plastic hinges start from the center and move to the boundary in the UB condition, while in the case of CB, plastic hinges occur close to the boundary and move in the opposite direction. In phase II, two plastic hinge lines propagate towards each other, a platform exists between the boundary, and the central area remains undeformed in the UB condition, while in the CB condition, larger deformation occurs in the peripheral region rather than the central area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chlorate and perchlorate are emerging pollutants that may interfere with thyroid function. Since they are highly water soluble, chlorate and perchlorate in tea leaves cause health concerns but have scarcely been studied. In this study, chlorate and perchlorate concentrations in 216 tea samples from different regions of China were determined. Perchlorate was detected in all the samples with a median concentration of 44.1 μg kg−1, while the chlorate detection frequency was 15.7%. We observed regional differences in perchlorate contents in tea leaves, with the highest quantity found in the central region of China. Except for dark tea, the concentration of perchlorate in tea infusions decreased with the increased number of times the tea leaves were brewed. The hazard quotients (HQs) of chlorate and perchlorate in all the samples were less than 1, suggesting negligible health risks caused by these pollutants from tea consumption. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate chlorate and perchlorate contamination in tea infusions by simulating brewing behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inaccurate models limit the performance of model‐based real‐time optimization (RTO) and even cause system instability. Therefore, a RTO framework that guarantees global convergence in the presence of plant‐model mismatch is desired. In this regard, the trust‐region framework is intuitive and simple to implement for unconstrained problems. Constrained RTO problems are converted to unconstrained ones by the penalty function, and global convergence is guaranteed if the penalty coefficient is large enough. However, a sufficiently large penalty coefficient is hard to determine and may lead to numerical difficulties. This paper addresses this issue and proposes a novel composite‐step trust‐region framework for constrained RTO problems that handles inequality constraints directly. The trial step is decomposed into a normal step that improves feasibility and a tangential step that reduces the cost function. A rigorous proof of its global convergence property is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of efficient treatments for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is hindered by the lack of applicable tumor cell lines and animal models of the disease, especially those related to cancer stem-like cells (CSCs). CSCs play critical roles in tumor propagation and pathogenesis whereas no CSCs lines have been developed to date. In this study, we establish an LSCC cell line (FD-LS-6) from primary LSCC tumor tissue (not experienced single-cell cloning) and adapted a culturing condition for the expansion of potential stem cells (EPSCs) to isolate CSCs from FD-LS-6. We successfully derived novel CSCs and named them as LSCC sphere-forming cells (LSCSCs) which were subsequently characterized for their CSC properties. We showed that LSCSCs shared many properties of CSCs, including CSC marker, robust self-renewal capacity, tumorigenesis ability, potential to generate other cell types such as adipocytes and osteoblasts, and resistance to chemotherapy. Compared to parental cells, LSCSCs were significantly more potent in forming tumors in vivo in mice and more resistant to chemotherapy. LSCSCs have higher expressions of epithelial–mesenchymal transition proteins and chemotherapy resistance factors, and exhibit an activated COX2/PEG2 signaling pathway. Altogether, our work establishes the first CSCs of LSCC (FD-LS-6) and provides a tool to study tumorigenesis and metastasis of LSCC and help the development of anticancer therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adsorption characteristics of gas molecules HF and Cl2 on monolayer WTe2 surface are studied by first‐principles calculation method. The results show that monolayer WTe2 is more sensitive to gas molecule Cl2. The adsorption performance of monolayer WTe2 to gas molecule HF cannot be improved by doping atoms. When the upward vertical electric field is applied, the sensitivity of monolayer WTe2 to gas molecule Cl2 is improved, and when the downward vertical electric field is applied, the monolayer WTe2 shows an obvious desorption trend to gas molecule Cl2. The vertical electric field cannot significantly enhance the interaction between gas molecule HF and Ag‐doped monolayer WTe2. Our research confirms that monolayer WTe2 is more sensitive to gas molecule Cl2 and can be improved or desorbed by the vertical electric field, while that of monolayer WTe2 for gas molecule HF cannot significantly change. Furthermore, the electrical transport characteristics of monolayer WTe2 and Cl2‐WTe2 system are studied to better explain the reason for the higher sensitivity to gas molecule Cl2. The research results of this paper provide theoretical guidance for the experimental preparation of high sensitivity gas sensor based on two‐dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide WTe2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Punishment promotes cooperation among selfish agents. Unlike previous studies, we propose a new supervision (heterogeneous preference supervision, HPS) mechanism based on the original random supervision (ORS) mechanism considering regulators' limited supervision ability and agents' heterogeneous preferences. The concepts of exemption list capacity, observation period, and removal time are introduced as the variables under the HPS mechanism. A public goods game model is built to verify the supervision effects under the ORS and HPS mechanisms. The simulation results show that the HPS mechanism can promote cooperation more than the ORS mechanism. Increasing the exemption list capacity can make regulators pay more attention to defectors and improve the cooperation level. Setting a relatively moderate observation period benefits a better supervision effect, while a too-small or too-large observation period leads to the collapse of cooperation. Shortening the removal time can increase the updating speed of the exemption list and enhance the role of the exemption list, resulting in improving the fraction of cooperators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infrared images have the advantages of being employed in all weather conditions and exhibiting strong anti-interference abilities and are widely used in many fields. However, there are also problems of low contrast, high noise and blurred details, for which a high dynamic infrared image enhancement method based on wavelet transform is proposed. First, multi-resolution analysis is performed using wavelet transform, and the image is decomposed into a low-frequency information layer and high-frequency information layer, which are processed separately. The low-frequency information layer is subjected to contrast-constrained adaptive histogram equalisation to improve the contrast. The high-frequency information layer is enhanced with adaptive coefficients, and the gain coefficients are determined using gamma transform, which is designed to increase the applicability. Wavelet inverse transform is performed on the processed image to meet the desired requirements. It is shown that the algorithm can effectively enhance the high dynamic image contrast and improve the image detail information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to evaluate the influence of smoking on ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer complex (GC-IPL) thickness and central macular thickness (CMT) measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) in male diabetes. 90 smoking and 90 never-smoking male subjects were included in this study. They were divided into six groups based on the diagnostic criteria for diabetes and the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) classification: smoking healthy subjects (SH, n = 20), non-smoking healthy subjects (NSH, n = 20), smoking diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy (SNDR, n = 40), non-smoking diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy (NSNDR, n = 40), smoking diabetic patients with diabetic retinopathy (SDR, n = 30), and non-smoking diabetic patients with diabetic retinopathy (NSDR, n = 30). After a full ophthalmologic examination, GC-IPL thickness and central macular thickness (CMT) were measured by OCT. Statistical analysis was performed to compare GC-IPL thickness and CMT between groups. Multiple linear regression equations were constructed to explore the potential risk factors of mean GC-IPL thickness. There were no significant differences in GC-IPL thickness and CMT between SH and NSH (all p > 0.05). Mean, superonasal, superior, superotemporal, inferonasal, inferior GC-IPL (p＜0.001, p＜0.001, p＜0.001, p = 0.003, p = 0.001, and p = 0.005, respectively) were thinner in the SNDR than NSNDR except for inferotemporal GC-IPL thickness and CMT (p = 0.066, p = 0.605, respectively). Mean, superonasal, superior, and inferonasal GC-IPL were thinner in the SDR than NSDR (p = 0.019, p = 0.045, p = 0.037, and p = 0.049, respectively). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that age (β [SE], −0.141 [0.060]; p = 0.020) and smoking (β [SE], −4.470 [1.015]; p＜0.001) were the most important determinants for mean GC-IPL thickness. Smoking is associated with reduced retinal GC-IPL thickness in male diabetes. Smoking behavior and age are important determinants of mean GC-IPL thickness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to propose a more precise method for robust design optimization of mechanical structures with black-box problems, while also considering the efficiency of uncertainty analysis. Design/methodology/approach: The method first introduces a dual adaptive chaotic flower pollination algorithm (DACFPA) to overcome the shortcomings of the original flower pollination algorithm (FPA), such as its susceptibility to poor accuracy and convergence efficiency when dealing with complex optimization problems. Furthermore, a DACFPA-Kriging model is developed by optimizing the relevant parameter of Kriging model via DACFPA. Finally, the dual Kriging model is constructed to improve the efficiency of uncertainty analysis, and a robust design optimization method based on DACFPA-Dual-Kriging is proposed. Findings: The DACFPA outperforms the FPA, particle swarm optimization and gray wolf optimization algorithms in terms of solution accuracy, convergence speed and capacity to avoid local optimal solutions. Additionally, the DACFPA-Kriging model exhibits superior prediction accuracy and robustness contrasted with the original Kriging and FPA-Kriging. The proposed method for robust design optimization based on DACFPA-Dual-Kriging is applied to the motor hanger of the electric multiple units as an engineering case study, and the results confirm a significant reduction in the fluctuation of the maximum equivalent stress. Originality/value: This study represents the initial attempt to enhance the prediction accuracy of the Kriging model using the improved FPA and to combine the dual Kriging model for uncertainty analysis, providing an idea for the robust optimization design of mechanical structure with black-box problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non‐passivating and chlorine‐free electrolytes are crucial for making rechargeable magnesium batteries practically feasible. Rational design of a brand‐new electrolyte should balance both Mg salt and solvent considering that the interfacial reactions occurring at electrolyte/electrode interface involve with ion solvation structure. Herein, nitrogenous 2‐methoxyethylamine (MOEA) is employed as co‐solvent to regulate the coordination behavior of cations/anions in Mg(CF3SO3)2‐G2 electrolyte after a series of screenings, which enables significantly ameliorated physiochemical properties. In‐depth insight on the mechanism of MOEA participating in the solvation structure formation and interfacial reactions is deduced via density functional theory calculations and molecular dynamics simulations. The decompositions of MOEA‐tailored cationic/anionic complexes shield Mg anode and Mo6S8 cathode with Mg3N2 and CxNy‐rich layers, respectively, which enable to suppress side reaction and accelerate Mg2+ transportation with competing desolvation at the interfacial layer. All the merits endow remarkable performances of symmetric/asymmetric cells with ultralong‐cycle lives over 5000 h and a remarkable average Coulombic efficiency of 98.3% after 8200 cycles (≈11 months), respectively. Additionally, a cheerful discharge capacity of ≈59.3 mAh g−1 is obtained over 1000 cycles at 0.5 C in Mo6S8||Mg full cell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]