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Objective: To develop and validate a multi-index nomogram prediction model for clinically significant prostate cancer(CSPCa) by combining the PI-RADS V2.1, quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters and clinical indicators. Methods: A total of 1740 patients (75% in the derivation cohort and 25% in the internal validation cohort) and 342 patients (the external validation cohort) were retrospectively included in the MRI follow-up database of the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University between January 2015 and April 2021,and Gejiu People's Hospital between January 2020 and December 2022.Important predictors of CSPCa in MRI-related quantitative parameters, PSA-derived indicators, and clinical indicators, such as age, were screened. The Net Reclassification Improvement Index(NRI),Integrated Discrimination Improvement Index(IDI), and clinical decision curve analysis (DCA) were calculated to compare the performances of the different models. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves and clinical calibration curves were used to analyze and compare diagnostic effects. Results: The AUC value, best cut-off value, specificity, sensitivity and accuracy of model 1(PI-RADS + PSAD) derivation cohort were 0.935, 0.304, 0.861, 0.895 and 0.872, respectively. The AUC values of the internal and external validation cohorts for model 1 were 0.956 and 0.955, respectively. The AUC value, best cut-off value, specificity, sensitivity and accuracy of model 2(PI-RADS +PSAD + ADCmean) derivation cohort were 0.939, 0.401, 0.895, 0.853 and 0.882, respectively. The AUC values of the internal and external validation cohorts for model 2 were 0.940 and 0.960,respectively. After adding the ADCmean to the model, the NRI(categorical), NRI(continuous) and IDI values were 0.0154, 0.3498 and 0.0222, respectively. There was no significant difference between the predicted probability and actual probability (p> 0.05). Conclusion: Models 1 and 2 had reliable, efficient and visual predictive value for CSPCa. The ADCmean is an important predictive indicator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes and empirically tests an alternative information adoption model to investigate how information quality and religiosity impact people's intake of user-generated COVID vaccination information posted on social media. Our results based on 359 survey responses suggest that the two constructs examined significantly impact the perceived usefulness of the user-generated vaccination information and the subsequent vaccination intention. Furthermore, our model shows that religiosity exerts a supplementary partial mediating impact through the information evaluation process, adding empirical evidence to clarify the inconsistency of direct and indirect effects from extant studies. This theory-guided applied study aims to decipher vaccination intention specifically and contributes to building knowledge about user-generated content and the online information adoption process in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lung cancer (LC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, which seriously threatens human life and health as well as brings a heavy burden to the society. In recent years, the tumor microenvironment (TME) has become an emerging research field and hotspot affecting tumor pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches. However, to date, there has been no bibliometric analysis of lung cancer and the tumor microenvironment from 2014 to 2023. This study aims to comprehensively summarize the current situation and development trends in the field from a bibliometric perspective. Methods: The publications about lung cancer and the tumor microenvironment from 2014 to 2023 were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). The Microsoft Excel, Origin, R-bibliometrix, CiteSpace, and VOSviewer software are comprehensively used to scientifically analyze the data. Results: Totally, 763 publications were identified in this study. A rapid increase in the number of publications was observed after 2018. More than 400 organizations published these publications in 36 countries or regions. China and the United States have significant influence in this field. Zhou, CC and Frontiers in Immunology are the most productive authors and journals respectively. Besides, the most frequently cited references were those on lung cancer pathogenesis, clinical trials, and treatment modalities. It suggests that novel lung cancer treatment models mainly based on the TME components, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) may lead to future research trends. Conclusions: The field of lung cancer and the tumor microenvironment research is still in the beginning stages. Gene expression, molecular pathways, therapeutic modalities, and novel detection technologies in this field have been widely studied by researchers. This is the first bibliometric study to comprehensively summarize the research trend and development regarding lung cancer and tumor microenvironment over the last decade. The result of our research provides the updated perspective for scholars to understand the key information and cutting-edge hotspots in this field, as well as to identify future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Endometriosis (EM) is a prevalent gynecological disorder frequently associated with irregular menstruation and infertility. Programmed cell death (PCD) is pivotal in the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying EM. Despite this, the precise pathogenesis of EM remains poorly understood, leading to diagnostic delays. Consequently, identifying biomarkers associated with PCD is critical for advancing the diagnosis and treatment of EM. Methods: This study used datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) following preprocessing. By crossreferencing these DEGs with genes associated with PCD, differentially expressed PCD-related genes (DPGs) were identified. Enrichment analyses for KEGG and GO pathways were conducted on these DPGs. Additionally, Mendelian randomization and machine learning techniques were applied to identify biomarkers strongly associated with EM. Results: The study identified three pivotal biomarkers: TNFSF12, AP3M1, and PDK2, and established a diagnostic model for EM based on these genes. The results revealed a marked upregulation of TNFSF12 and PDK2 in EM samples, coupled with a significant downregulation of AP3M1. Single-cell analysis further underscored the potential of TNFSF12, AP3M1, and PDK2 as biomarkers for EM. Additionally, molecular docking studies demonstrated that these genes exhibit significant binding affinities with drugs currently utilized in clinical practice. Conclusion: This study systematically elucidated the molecular characteristics of PCD in EM and identified TNFSF12, AP3M1, and PDK2 as key biomarkers. These findings provide new directions for the early diagnosis and personalized treatment of EM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Epilepsy ranks among the most common neurological disorders worldwide, frequently accompanied by depression as a prominent comorbidity. This study employs bibliometric analysis to reveal the research of comorbid epilepsy and depression over the past two decades, aiming to explore trends and contribute insights to ongoing investigations. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search on the Web of Science Core Collection database and downloaded relevant publications on comorbid epilepsy and depression published from 2003 to 2023. VOSviewer and CiteSpace were mainly used to analyze the authors, institutions, countries, publishing journals, reference co-citation patterns, keyword co-occurrence, keyword clustering, and other aspects to construct a knowledge atlas. Results: A total of 5,586 publications related to comorbid epilepsy and depression were retrieved, with a general upward trend despite slight fluctuations in annual publications. Publications originated from 121 countries and 636 institutions, with a predominant focus on clinical research. The United States led in productivity (1,529 articles), while Melbourne University emerged as the most productive institution (135 articles). EPILEPSY & BEHAVIOR was the journal with the highest publication output (1,189 articles) and citation count. Keyword analysis highlighted emerging trends, including "recognitive impairment" and "mental health," indicating potential future research hotspots and trends. Conclusion: This study is one of the first to perform a bibliometric analysis of the 20-year scientific output of comorbid epilepsy and depression. While research has trended upwards, ambiguity in pathogenesis and the absence of standardized diagnostic guidelines remain concerning. Our analysis offers valuable guidance for researchers, informing that this might be a strong area for future collaborations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Finite mixture of linear regression (FMLR) models are an efficient tool to fit the unobserved heterogeneous relationships. The parameter estimation of FMLR models is usually based on the normality assumption, but it is very sensitive to outliers. Meanwhile, the traditional robust methods often need to assume a specific error distribution, and are not adaptive to dataset. In this paper, a robust estimation procedure for FMLR models is proposed by assuming that the error terms follow an asymmetric exponential power distribution, including normal distribution, skew-normal distribution, generalized error distribution, Laplace distribution, asymmetric Laplace distribution, and uniform distribution as special cases. The proposed method can select the suitable loss function from a broad class in a data driven fashion. Under some conditions, the asymptotic properties of proposed method are established. In addition, an efficient EM algorithm is introduced to implement the proposed methodology. The finite sample performance of the proposed approach is illustrated via some numerical simulations. Finally, we apply the proposed methodology to analyze a tone perception data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Peripheral vascular atherosclerosis (PVA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by lipid accumulation in blood vessel walls, leading to vessel narrowing and inadequate blood supply. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying PVA remain poorly understood. In this study, we employed a combination of Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis and integrated transcriptomics to identify the critical gene signature associated with PVA. Methods: This study utilized three public datasets (GSE43292, GSE100927 and GSE28829) related to peripheral vascular atherosclerosis obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Instrumental variables (IVs) were identified through expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis, and two-sample MR analysis was performed using publicly available summary statistics. Disease critical genes were identified based on odds ratios and intersected with differentially expressed genes in the disease dataset. GSE28829 dataset was used to validate the screened disease critical genes. Functional enrichment analysis, GSEA analysis, and immune cell infiltration analysis were performed to further characterize the role of these genes in peripheral vascular atherosclerosis. Results: A total of 26,152 gene-related SNPs were identified as IVs, and 242 disease-associated genes were identified through MR analysis. Ten disease critical genes (ARHGAP25, HCLS1, HVCN1, RBM47, LILRB1, PLAU, IFI44L, IL1B, IFI6, and CFL2) were significantly associated with peripheral vascular atherosclerosis. Functional enrichment analysis using KEGG pathways revealed enrichment in the NF-kappa B signaling pathway and osteoclast differentiation. Gene set enrichment analysis further demonstrated functional enrichment of these genes in processes related to vascular functions and immune system activation. Additionally, immune cell infiltration analysis showed differential ratios of B cells and mast cells between the disease and control groups. The correlations analysis highlights the intricate interplay between disease critical genes and immune cells associated with PVA. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying PVA by identifying ten disease critical genes associated with the disease. These findings, supported by differential expression, functional enrichment, and immune system involvement, emphasize the role of these genes in vascular function and immune cell interactions in the context of PVA. These findings contribute to a better understanding of PVA pathogenesis and offer potential targets for further mechanistic exploration and therapeutic interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Hypertension is one of the major public health problems in China. Limited evidence exists regarding sex differences in the association between hypertension and air pollutants, as well as the impact of dietary factors on the relationship between air pollutants and hypertension. The aim of this study was to investigate the sex-specific effects of dietary patterns on the association between fine particulate matter (PM2.5), ozone(O3) and hypertension in adults residing in Jiangsu Province of China. Methods A total of 3189 adults from the 2015 China Adult Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance in Jiangsu Province were included in this study. PM2.5 and O3 concentrations were estimated using satellite space-time models and assigned to each participant. Dietary patterns were determined by reduced rank regression (RRR), and multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the associations of the obtained dietary patterns with air pollutants and hypertension risk. Results After adjusting for confounding variables, we found that males were more sensitive to long-term exposure to PM2.5 (Odds ratio (OR)=1.42 95%CI:1.08,1.87), and females were more sensitive to long-term exposure to O3 (OR=1.61 95%CI:1.15,2.23). Traditional southern pattern identified through RRR exhibited a protective effect against hypertension in males (OR=0.73 95%CI: 0.56,1.00). The results of the interaction between dietary pattern score and PM2.5 revealed that adherence to traditional southern pattern was significantly associated with a decreased risk of hypertension in males (P<0.05), while no significant association was observed among females. Conclusions Our findings suggested that sex differences existed in the association between dietary patterns, air pollutants and hypertension. Furthermore, we found that adherence to traditional southern pattern may mitigate the risk of long-term PM2.5 exposure-induced hypertension in males. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aims to investigate the association between nine tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the C3 gene locus and the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) as well as lipid levels in the Chinese population, and to further explore the interactions between SNPs and environmental factors that may be associated with CAD risk. Methods: A case-control study was conducted to investigate the association between CAD and C3 gene polymorphisms in a hospital setting. The study consisted of 944 CAD patients with a mean age of 55.97 ± 10.182 years and 897 non-CAD controls with a mean age of 55.94 ± 9.162 years. There were 565 males and 288 females in the CAD group and 583 males and 314 females in the control group. TagSNPs in the C3 gene were identified by employing the improved multiplex ligation detection reaction (iMLDR) technique, and multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) analysis was utilized to investigate the C3 gene–environment and gene-gene interactions in relation to the risk of CAD. Results: Results of the polymorphism study indicated that the CC genotype of rs7257062 was more frequent in the CAD group compared to the control group (10.9% vs 7.7%), with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.009). Moreover, the TT and CC + CT genotype groups of rs7257062 in the CAD subgroup showed a significant difference in terms of serum triglyceride levels (2.326 ± 1.889 vs 2.059 ± 1.447, p = 0.019). Analysis of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein A (ApoA), and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) levels revealed no significant differences between the TT and CC + CT genotypes. Furthermore, no significant differences in serum lipid levels were observed between genotypes of the other SNPs. Multivariable logistic analysis, controlling for gender, age, body mass index (BMI), triglycerides (TG), TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, ApoA and ApoB, demonstrated that rs7257062 was still an independent risk factor of CAD (OR = 1.499, 95% CI: 1.036-2.168, p = 0.032). MDR analysis revealed that the rs7257062 interacted significantly with environmental factors such as smoking, diabetes, hypertension, BMI, and TG (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The rs7257062 variation of the C3 gene could be linked to both lipid balance and the risk of CAD. It is conceivable that the interplay between C3 polymorphisms and environmental elements could account for the etiology of CAD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the most common form of dementia in the world, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder marked by cognitive and behavioral impairment. According to previous researches, abundant social connections shield against dementia. However, it is still unclear how exactly social interactions benefit cognitive abilities in people with AD and how this process is used to increase their general cognitive performance. In this study, we found that single novel social (SNS) stimulation promoted c-Fos expression and increased the protein levels of mature ADAM10/17 and sAPPa in the ventral hippocampus (vHPC) of wild-type (WT) mice, which are hippocampal dorsal CA2 (dCA2) neuron activity and vHPC NMDAR dependent. Additionally, we discovered that SNS caused similar changes in an AD model, FAD4T mice, and these alterations could be reversed by a-secretase inhibitor. Furthermore, we also found that multiple novel social (MNS) stimulation improved synaptic plasticity and memory impairments in both male and female FAD4T mice, accompanied by a-secretase activation and Aß reduction. These findings provide insight into the process underpinning how social interaction helps AD patients who are experiencing cognitive decline, and we also imply that novel social interaction and activation of the a-secretase may be preventative and therapeutic in the early stages of AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a prevalent microvascular complication in diabetic patients that poses a serious risk as it can cause substantial visual impairment and even vision loss. Due to the prolonged onset of DR, lengthy treatment duration, and limited therapeutic effectiveness, it is extremely important to find a new strategy for the treatment of DR. Postbiotic is an emerging dietary supplement which consists of the inactivate microbiota and its metabolites. Numerous animal experiments have demonstrated that intervention with postbiotics reduces hyperglycemia, attenuates retinal peripapillary and endothelial cell damage, improves retinal microcirculatory dysfunction, and consequently delays the progression of DR. More strikingly, unlike conventional probiotics and prebiotics, postbiotics with small molecules can directly colonize the intestinal epithelial cells, and exert heat-resistant, acid-resistant, and durable for storage. Despite few clinical significance, oral administration with postbiotics might become the effective management for the prevention and treatment of DR. In this review, we summarized the basic conception, classification, molecular mechanisms, and the advances in the therapeutic implications of postbiotics in the pathogenesis of DR. Postbiotics present great potential as a viable adjunctive therapy for DR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy affecting the gastrointestinal tract worldwide. The etiology and progression of CRC are related to factors such as environmental influences, dietary structure, and genetic susceptibility. Intestinal microbiota can influence the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier and modulate intestinal immunity by secreting various metabolites. Dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota can affect the metabolites of the microbial, leading to the accumulation of toxic metabolites, which can trigger chronic inflammation or DNA damage and ultimately lead to cellular carcinogenesis and the development of CRC. Postbiotics are preparations of inanimate microorganisms or their components that are beneficial to the health of the host, with the main components including bacterial components (e.g., exopolysaccharides, teichoic acids, surface layer protein) and metabolites (e.g., short-chain fatty acids, tryptophan metabolite, bile acids, vitamins and enzymes). Compared with traditional probiotics, it has a more stable chemical structure and higher safety. In recent years, it has been demonstrated that postbiotics are involved in regulating intestinal microecology and improving the progression of CRC, which provides new ideas for the prevention and diagnosis of CRC. In this article, we review the changes in intestinal microbiota in different states of the gut and the mechanisms of anti-tumor activity of postbiotic-related components, and discuss the potential significance of postbiotics in the diagnosis and treatment of CRC. This reviews the changes and pathogenesis of intestinal microbiota in the development of CRC, and summarizes the relevant mechanisms of postbiotics in resisting the development of CRC in recent years, as well as the advantages and limitations of postbiotics in the treatment process of CRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the oncological outcomes of sequential laparoscopic gastrectomy after treatment with camrelizumab in combination with nabpaclitaxel plus S-1 for the treatment of gastric cancer with serosal invasion. Methods: This study is a retrospective cohort study and retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological data of 128 patients with serosal invasion gastric cancer (cT4NxM0) who received nab-paclitaxel + S-1(SAP) or camrelizumab + nabpaclitaxel + S-1 (C-SAP) regimen and underwent laparoscopy assisted gastrectomy in Fujian Union Hospital from March 2019 to December 2020. The patients were divided into SAP group and C-SAP group. The 2-years overall survival rate, 2-year recurrence free survival rate recurrence rate and initial recurrence time were compared between the two groups. Results: A total of 128 patients were included, including 90 cases in SAP group and 38 cases in C-SAP group. There were no significant differences in age, gender, gastrectomy method, surgical approach, R0 resection, nerve invasion, vascular invasion, total number of harvested lymph nodes, number of positive lymph nodes and major pathologic response (MPR) rate between the two groups (P>0.05). However, the proportion of ypT0, ypN0 and pCR rate in C-SAP group were significantly higher than those in SAP group (P<0.05). The 2-year OS of CSAP group (80.7%) was higher than that of SAP group (67.8%), and the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.112); At 2 years after operation, the recurrence rate of C-SAP group (44.3%) was lower than that of SAP group (55.8%) (P = 0.097); Further analysis showed that the average time to recurrence in the C-SAP group was 18.9 months, which was longer than that in SAP group 13.1 months (P = 0.004); The 2-year recurrence free survival rate in C-SAP group was higher than that in SAP group (P=0.076); There was no significant difference in the overall survival time after recurrence between the two groups (P= 0.097). Conclusion: Camrelizumab combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy can improve the proportion of ypT0, ypN0 and pCR in patients, while prolonging the initial recurrence time of patients in the C-SAP group, but did not increase the immunotherapy/chemotherapy related side effects and postoperative complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate whether bullying and psychological conditions are correlated, this study analyzed a survey of primary and secondary school students from Zigong City, Sichuan Province. A total of 95,545 students completed a personal information questionnaire, the Multidimensional Peer-Victimization Scale (MPVS), and eight other scales pertaining to various psychological problems. The data showed that 68,315 (71.5%) participants experienced school bullying at varying degrees, indicating the prevalence of bullying among adolescents. The chi-square tests revealed a strong correlation between school bullying and psychological conditions. This correlation was further explored through multivariate logistic regression, showing that students who experienced mild bullying had a 3.10 times higher probability of emotional and behavioral problems, 4.06 times higher probability of experiencing prodromal symptoms of mental illness, 4.72 times higher probability of anxiety, 3.28 times higher probability of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 4.07 times higher probability of poor sleep quality, 3.13 times higher probability of internet addiction, 2.18 times higher probability of poor mental health, and 3.64 times higher probability of depression than students who did not experience bullying. The corresponding probabilities for students who experienced severe bullying were 11.35, 17.35, 18.52, 12.59, 11.67, 12.03, 4.64, and 5.34 times higher, respectively. In conclusion, school bullying and psychological conditions are significantly correlated among primary and secondary school students, and the more severe the bullying, the higher the probability to suer from psychological problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluoro-substitution solvents have achieved great success in electrolyte engineering for high-energy lithium metal batteries, which, however, is beset by low solvating power, thermal and chemical instability, and possible battery swelling. Instead, we herein introduce cyanogen as the electron-withdrawing group to enhance the oxidative stability of ether solvents, in which cyanogen and ether oxygen form the chelating structure with Li+ not notably undermining the solvating power. Cyano-group strongly bonds with transition metals (TMs) of NCM811 cathode to attenuate the catalytic reactivity of TMs toward bulk electrolytes. Besides, a stable and uniform cathode-electrolyte interphase (CEI) inhibits the violent oxidation decomposition of electrolytes and guarantees the structural integrity of the NCM811 cathode. Also, a N-containing and LiF-rich solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) in our electrolyte facilitates fast Li+ migration and dense Li deposition. Accordingly, our electrolyte enables a stable cycle of Li metal anode with Coulombic efficiency of 98.4% within 100 cycles. 81.8% capacity of 4.3 V NCM811 cathode remains after 200 cycles. Anode-free pouch cells with a capacity of 125 mAh maintain 76% capacity after 100 cycles, corresponding to an energy density of 397.5 Wh kg-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The generation of power from solar energy by using Photovoltaic (PV) systems to convert the irradiation of the sun into electricity has been adopted over the past years. However, the PV system's P–V and I–V characteristics become unstable when solar irradiation and temperature change. In this paper, the incremental conductance (INC) has been improved using signals to measure the current and voltage from the PV systems directly which quickly changes with the environmental conditions, and the conventional particle swarm optimization (PSO) is modified so that under multiple shaded peak PV array curves with fast-changing solar irradiance and temperature, more power is extracted at a faster rate without any tracking failure at high-speed tracking of both individual maximum power point (IMPP) and global maximum power point (GMPP) under varying solar irradiance and temperature at a longer distance to enhance the power generated. The individual and global coefficients are also improved to change with multiple shaded peak PV array curves with fast-changing solar irradiance and temperature. DC-DC converter converts DC power from one circuit to another and DC-AC inverter converts DC power to AC power. Simulation was carried out in MATLAB Simulink with different solar irradiance and temperature whereby the conventional INC and PSO were compared with the proposed INC and PSO. An experiment was carried out for a whole day from 8 am to 5 pm to test the validity of the proposed algorithm and compared it with the conventional INC and PSO by using the solar irradiance and temperature received. From both the simulation and experimental results, the proposed INC and PSO performed better by attaining high power and tracking speed with stable output results than the conventional INC and PSO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Weight control is a cornerstone of hypertension management. Therefore, it is important to understand the relationship of weight change to risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among patients with hypertension. We aimed to investigate the association of weight change with the risk of CVD, stroke, and myocardial infarction (MI) among patients with hypertension. Methods We obtained the data from medical records of the Hypertension Health Management Program (HMPH) in Shenzhen, China. The present study included 221 454 individuals with hypertension. Weight change over two years was divided into loss ≥10%, loss 5–10%, stable (−5 ~ 5%), gain 5–10%, and gain >10%. Cox regression analyses were applied to assess the associations of weight change groups with the risk of CVD, stroke, and MI. Results Compared with the stable weight group (−5 ~ 5%), those with weight loss ≥10% had a higher risk of CVD (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.21; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.05–1.40) in the fully adjusted model. Weight gain >10% was significantly associated with a higher risk of CVD (HR = 1.17; 95% CI = 1.04–1.31). In the meanwhile, participants with weight loss ≥10% had significantly higher risks of stroke (HR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.02–1.41). However, participants with weight gain >10% had an increased risk of MI (HR = 1.45; 95% CI = 1.15–1.82) in the fully adjusted model. Conclusions Weight loss or weight gain were associated with higher risks of CVD. Management of patients with hypertension requires close monitoring and appropriate interventions to achieve optimal body weight to prevent adverse outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The low-carbon era imposes new requirements on traditional public facilities. Public facilities need to simultaneously consider aesthetics, practicality, intelligent usage, and low-carbon emissions, among many other requirements. Currently, smart public facilities, as an integral part of smart cities, still lack relevant design solutions, particularly in practical applications, with most research remaining at the theoretical stage. Traditional designs are no longer able to meet the demands of modern green urban public facilities. To address this issue, this study proposes the concept of smart photovoltaic pavilions as a feasible solution based on the theoretical foundation of intelligent public facilities. This project designs four types of solar pavilions suitable for different scenarios, and one set of these designs is practically implemented in real-life situations. Furthermore, environmental data from the surrounding area has been collected over a period of time, contributing to the accumulation of future databases. This project provides an important case study for promoting public understanding of low-carbon development requirements and cultivating awareness of zero-carbon living. It also offers efficient low-carbon and zero-carbon technological solutions to society, serving as a demonstration for exploring paths to achieve carbon neutrality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a prevalent chronic autoimmune disease that affects individuals of all age groups. Recently, the association between RA and the gut microbiome has led to the investigation of postbiotics as potential therapeutic strategies. Postbiotics refer to inactivated microbial cells, cellular components, or their metabolites that are specifically intended for the microbiota. Postbiotics not only profoundly influence the occurrence and development of RA, but they also mediate various inflammatory pathways, immune processes, and bone metabolism. Although they offer a variety of mechanisms and may even be superior to more conventional "biotics" such as probiotics and prebiotics, research on their efficacy and clinical significance in RA with disruptions to the intestinal microbiota remains limited. In this review, we provide an overview of the concept of postbiotics and summarize the current knowledge regarding postbiotics and their potential use in RA therapy. Postbiotics show potential as a viable adjunctive therapy option for RA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unexpected discovery of hot Jupiters challenged the classical theory of planet formation inspired by our solar system. Until now, the origin and evolution of hot Jupiters are still uncertain. Determining their age distribution and temporal evolution can provide more clues into the mechanism of their formation and subsequent evolution. Using a sample of 383 giant planets around Sun-like stars collected from the kinematic catalogs of the Planets Across Space and Time project, we find that hot Jupiters are preferentially hosted by relatively younger stars in the Galactic thin disk. We subsequently find that the frequency of hot Jupiters declines with age as FHJ / exp(-0:20 ± 0:06 ± t Gyr). In contrast, the frequency of warm/cold Jupiters shows no significant dependence on age. Such a trend is expected from the tidal evolution of hot Jupiters' orbits, and our result offers supporting evidence using a large sample. We also perform a joint analysis on the planet frequencies in the stellar agemetallicity plane. The result suggests that the frequencies of hot Jupiters and warm/cold Jupiters, after removing the age dependence are both correlated with stellar metallicities as FHJ / 101:6+0:3 -0:3-[Fe=H] and FWJ=CJ / 101:1+0:2 -0:3-[Fe=H], respectively. Moreover, we show that the above correlations can explain the bulk of the discrepancy in hot Jupiter frequencies inferred from the transit and radial velocity (RV) surveys, given that RV targets tend to be more metal-rich and younger than transits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar energy is sustained using the principle of photovoltaic effect through a solar photovoltaic (PV) system as the main receiver of sunlight for the island. The use of photovoltaic (PV) systems to generate power from solar energy has increased in recent years due to its availability and sustainability. The proposed bat algorithm provides a very quick confluence and high accuracy since it interactively merges with the exploration advancements with the substantial distinctive signal search during the maximum power point tracking process from the PV array. The improved bat algorithm proposes a signal search method to increase the speed and tracks more power at a longer distance by using the signal between the bat and its prey. An energy storage system (ESS) stores solar energy and releases it into the system for use when energy generation from the source is low. DC to DC converter controls and regulates the output generated voltage from the PV array. DC to AC converter converts DC power produced to AC power to be supplied to the island for use. The design and simulation were performed in MATLAB Simulink and the result shows the effectiveness of the proposed design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

E-commerce retailers seek to use drone delivery services as an innovative last-mile delivery option. In addition to the challenges of implementing such innovative technologies, the mechanisms that influence Gen Zers who are digital natives to adopt such technologies is limited but necessary to understand to gain success in the early adoption of drone delivery services. Using the theoretical foundations of innovation diffusion and imitation theories, this study examines the mechanisms that influence an online consumer to switch from using a conventional truck delivery service to a less proven drone delivery service. Within this context we construct a psychometric-based research survey to collect our data and structural equation modeling is used for analysis. The findings suggest that the speed and compatibility of the drone delivery and 'the prevalent herding behavior among Gen Zers are significant predictors of their switching intention. Theoretical and practical implications are shared based on the findings of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Malignant cerebral edema (MCE) is a life-threatening complication of large hemisphere infarction (LHI). Therefore, a fast, accurate, and convenient tool for predicting MCE can guide triage services and facilitate shared decision-making. In this study, we aimed to develop and validate a nomogram for the early prediction of MCE risk in acute LHI involving the anterior circulation and to understand the potential mechanism of MCE. Methods: This retrospective study included 312 consecutive patients with LHI from1 January 2019 to 28 February 2023. The patients were divided into MCE and non-MCE groups.MCE was defined as an obviousmass e [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite their ultrahigh specific capacity, lithium‐rich layered oxide cathodes are still plagued by challenges such as poor cycle stability and notorious voltage decay, which are primarily attributed to surface issues such as the release of lattice oxygen and interfacial side reactions. In this study, a facial strategy of gradient fluorination is adopted to construct a thin but robust LiF‐rich cathode electrolyte interface (CEI), highly enhancing the stability of the interface of lithium‐rich oxides. Experimental results and theoretical calculations both demonstrate that the stable CEI not only promotes oxygen participation in redox reactions and simultaneously inhibits oxygen release and structural transition, but also facilitates the transport kinetics of lithium ions. As a result, the gradient fluorinated lithium‐rich cathode delivers highly enhanced rate performance (133 mAh g−1 at 5 C), superior cycling stability with a capacity retention of 81.9% after 100 cycles at 1 C (250 mAh g−1), and alleviated voltage fade (only 1.75 mV per cycle). Moreover, a unique formation mechanism for LiF‐rich surfaces is proposed according to theoretical calculations. This work not only provides a fresh understanding of the CEI formation mechanism, but also show a promising avenue for designing LiF‐rich CEIs applicable to other layered oxide cathodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Archaea play a significant role in the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients in estuaries. However, comprehensive researches about their assembly processes remain notably insufficient. In this study, we systematically examined archaeal community dynamics distinguished between low-salinity and high-salinity groups in water and surface sediments over a 600-kilometer range from the upper Pearl River (PR) to the northern South China Sea (NSCS). Neutral community model analysis together with null model analysis showed that their C-score values were greater than 2, suggesting that deterministic processes could dominate the assembly of those planktonic or benthic archaeal communities at both the low-salinity and high-salinity sites. And deterministic processes contributed more in the low-salinity than high-salinity environments from the PR to the NSCS. Furthermore, through the co-occurrence network analysis, we found that the archaeal communities in the low-salinity groups possessed closer interactions and higher proportions of negative interactions than those in the high-salinity groups, which might be due to the larger environmental heterogeneities reflected by the nutrient concentrations of those low-salinity samples. Collectively, our work systematically investigated the composition and co-occurrence networks of archaeal communities in water as well as sediments from the PR to the NSCS, yielding new insights into the estuary's archaeal community assembly mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objectives: In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the prevalence of pulmonary mycosis disease, and its mortality has increased. There are very few studies on treating pulmonary mycosiss with bronchoscopic instillation of amphotericin B. This study investigated the clinical efficacy and safety of bronchoscopic instillation of amphotericin B for treating pulmonary mycosiss. Methods: This was a multi-centre, retrospective clinical study of 80 patients with pulmonary mycosiss who were treated with bronchoscopic instillation of amphotericin B. The efficacy and safety of this treatment were evaluated. Results: Eighty patients were included {51 males; mean [standard deviation (SD)] age, 46 (15.9) years}. The most common underlying cause was haematological malignancy (73.75%). The mean number of bronchoscopic instillations of amphotericin B was 2.4 (SD 1.5). In terms of treatment success, 58 (72.5%) patients achieved complete or partial changes on imaging after treatment. A total of 62 (77.5%) patients achieved complete or partial changes on imaging and/ or local limitation of the mycosis infection. Seventy-six (95%) patients achieved complete or partial changes on imaging and/or local limitation of mycosis infection and/or an immunotherapy time window. The efficacy rates for treatment of Aspergillus and Mucor infections in terms of the three treatment success criteria described above were 73.81% vs. 63.64%, 80.95% vs. 72.73%, and 92.86% vs. 90.91%, respectively. Conclusion: Bronchoscopic instillation of amphotericin B is safe and effective for treatment of pulmonary mycosiss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyclophilin (CYP) plays an important role in plant response to stress, and OsCYP2, one gene of cyclophlilin family, is involved in auxin signal transduction and stress signaling in rice. However, the mechanism that OsCYP2 is involved in rice response to low temperature is still unclear. We identified a new OsCYP2 allelic mutant, lrl3, with fewer lateral roots, and the differences in shoot height, primary root length and adventitious root length increased with the growth process compared to the wild-type plant. Auxin signaling pathway was also affected and became insensitive to gravity. The transgenic rice plants with over-expression of OsCYP2 were more tolerant to low temperature than the wild-type plants, suggesting that OsCYP2 was involved in the low temperature response in rice. In addition, OsCYP2 negatively regulated the expression of OsTPS38, a terpene synthase gene, and was dependent on the OsCDPK7-mediated pathway in response to low temperature stress. OsTPS38-overexpressed transgenic line ox-2 was more sensitive to low temperature. Therefore, OsCYP2 may negatively regulate OsTPS38 through an OsCDPK7-dependent pathway to mediate the response to low temperature in rice. These results provide a new basis for auxin signaling genes to regulate rice response to low temperature stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Chuanxiong, a traditional Chinese medicine, has been proved to treat a variety of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases by promoting angiogenesis. However, the mechanisms of Chuanxiong's pro-angiogenesis is currently unknown. This study aimed to uncover the effect and mechanisms of Chuanxiong promoting angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro. Methods: First, potential targets were predicted by network pharmacology analysis, and PPI network was established and the pathways were enriched. Then, the chorioallantoic membrane test on quails was applied to assess the proangiogenic effects in vivo. As well, to evaluate the effects in vitro, real-time PCR, western blot analysis, the scratch test, and the tube formation experiment were used. Subsequently, the major metabolic pathways were analyzed using non-targeted metabolomics. Results: As a result of network pharmacological analysis, 51 collective targets of Chuanxiong and angiogenesis were identified, which are mainly associated with PI3K/AKT/Ras/MAPK pathway. And the biological verification results showed that Chuanxiong could increase the vessel numbers and vessel area in qCAM models. Meanwhile, Chuanxiong contributed to HUVEC proliferation, tube formation, migration, by encouraging scratch healing rates and boosting tube branch points. In addition, the levels of VEGFR2, MAPK and PI3K were elevated compared to the control group. The western blot analysis also confirmed Chuanxiong could promote an increase in AKT, FOXO1 and Ras. Furtheremore, metabolomic results showed that the proangiogenic effect of Chuanxiong is associated with glycine, serine and threonine metabolism. Discussion: In conclusion, this study clarified that Chuanxiong could promote angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro via regulating PI3K/AKT/Ras/MAPK pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cortex of adrenal gland produces glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, and androgen. The medulla of adrenal gland secrets catecholamines. These hormones play an important role in regulating blood pressure, metabolism, and homeostasis of glucose or electrolytes. Hypersecretion or hyposecretion by the adrenal gland will cause a complex cascade of hormone effects and lead to diseases, including Addison's disease, Cushing's syndrome, and congenital adrenal cortical hyperplasia. Skin is the largest organ of body. It provides protection and acts as a barrier against external damage factors like infectious organisms, chemicals, and allergens. Endocrinologic disorders often induce cutaneous abnormalities. According to the previous evidences, natural products have the potential properties for attenuating skin disorders and improving dermatologic symptoms by inhibiting inflammation through MAPK or PI3K/AKT-dependent NF-κB pathways. The natural products may also promote skin wound healing by inhibiting the production of matrix metalloproteinase-9. We systematically searched the relevant articles from databases, including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library databases, to review the effects of natural products on skin disorders. This article summarized the effects of natural products on skin inflammation caused by abnormal hormone secreted by adrenal gland. And the published papers indicated that natural products might be a potential source for treating skin diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exposing waxy oils to an electric field may significantly improve their cold flowability. Our previous study has shown that interfacial polarization, i.e., charged particle accumulation on the wax particle surface, is the primary mechanism of the electrorheological behavior of waxy oils. However, the way that charged particles interact with wax particles under an electric field remains unknown. In this study, we found no viscosity and impedance change for two waxy crude oils after their exposure to a high-voltage electric field. However, the yield stresses were reduced obviously. We thus proposed that the collision of colloidal particles such as resins and asphaltenes with the wax particles could be an essential mechanism that the wax particle structure was weakened. To verify this hypothesis, a series of ad hoc experiments were carried out, i.e., by performing electrorheological tests on model waxy oils containing additives removable under an electric field, including electrically-neutral colloidal particles (Fe3O4), charged colloidal particles (resins), and oil-soluble electrolyte (C22H14CoO4), respectively, and demonstrated that upon application of a high-voltage electric field, charged particles in a waxy oil may move and thus collide with wax particles, and consequently adhere to the wax particle surface. The particle collision results in damage to the wax particle network, and the electrostatic repulsion arising from the adhesion of the charged particle on the wax particle diminishes attraction between wax particles. This study clarifies the process of interfacial polarization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthocyanin is one of the flavonoids, which has strong antioxidant properties. Functional rice rich in anthocyanins can not only improve immunity, but also anti-radiation, beauty, anti-aging effect, very popular in the market. In this study, we used Zibaoxiangnuo 1 (ZBXN 1), a functional rice variety which is rich in total flavonoids and anthocyanins, as the experimental material to construct Recombination Inbred Lines (RILs) with Minghui63 (MH63), a variety without anthocyanins. The contents of anthocyanins and total flavonoids of RILs and two parents were determined for three consecutive generations. The average anthocyanin content of parent ZBXN 1 was 319.31 mg/kg, and the anthocyanin inheritance of RIL population was relatively stable, with 10 samples higher than ZBXN 1. In addition, there was no significant difference in the total flavonoids content between the two parents, the total flavonoids content of Z25 in RIL population was 0.33%. Based on these studies, we believe that ZBXN 1 has abundant and stable anthocyanins, which can be used as an intermediate breeding material for breeding high-quality varieties with high anthocyanins, and lay a foundation for breeding more anthocyanin-rich rice varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Evidence suggests that negative cognitive processing bias (NCPB) is a significant risk factor for depression. The microbiota-gut-brain axis has been proven to be a contributing factor to cognitive health and disease. However, the connection between microbiota and NCPB remains unknown. This study mainly sought to explore the key microbiota involved in NCPB and the possible pathways through which NCPB affects depressive symptoms. Methods: Data in our studies were collected from 735 Chinese young adults through a cross-sectional survey. Fecal samples were collected from 35 young adults with different levels of NCPB (18 individuals were recruited as the high-status NCPB group, and another 17 individuals were matched as the low-status NCPB group) and 60 with different degrees of depressive symptoms (27 individuals were recruited into the depressive symptom group, as D group, and 33 individuals were matched into the control group, as C group) and analyzed by the 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing technique. Results: As a result, the level of NCPB correlated with the degree of depressive symptoms as well as anxiety symptoms and sleep quality (p < 0.01). The p-diversity of microbiota in young adults was proven to be significantly different between the high-status NCPB and the low-status NCPB groups. There were several significantly increased bacteria taxa, including Dorea, Christensenellaceae, Christe -senellaceae_R_7_group, Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group, Eggerthellaceae, Family-XIII, Family_XIII_AD3011_group, Faecalibaculum, and Oscillibacter. They were mainly involved in pathways including short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolism. Among these variable bacteria taxa, Faecalibaculum was found associated with both NCPB and depressive symptoms. Furthermore, five pathways turned out to be significantly altered in both the high-status NCPB group and the depressive symptom group, including butanoate metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, propanoate metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation. These pathways were related to SCFA metabolism. Discussion: Fecal microbiota is altered in Chinese young male adults with high status NCPB and may be involved in the biochemical progress that influences depressive symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has yet to be determined whether medication overuse headache (MOH) is an independent disorder or a combination of primary headache and substance addiction. To further explore the causes of MOH, we compared MOH with substance use disorder (SUD) in terms of the brain regions involved to draw more targeted conclusions. In this review, we selected alcohol use disorder (AUD) as a representative SUD and compared MOH and AUD from two aspects of neuroimaging and basic research. We found that in neuroimaging studies, there were many overlaps between AUD and MOH in the reward circuit, but the extensive cerebral cortex damage in AUD was more serious than that in MOH. This difference was considered to reflect the sensitivity of the cortex structure to alcohol damage. In future research, we will focus on the central amygdala (CeA), prefrontal cortex (PFC), orbital-frontal cortex (OFC), hippocampus, and other brain regions for interventions, which may have unexpected benefits for addiction and headache symptoms in MOH patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seven universities in China currently offer undergraduate programs in chemical processing engineering of forest products (CPEFP), which play a crucial role in training professionals to meet the evolving demands of the forest-based chemical industry. However, these programs in Chinese universities face several challenges that require attention in order to better serve the development of the forest chemical industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The microstructure evolution and precipitation behavior of Al-Mg-Si alloy during initial aging were studied using hardness testing, conductivity testing, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The results show that the precipitation sequence of the Al-Mg-Si alloy during initial aging can be represented as: supersaturated solid solution → spherical Mg/Si clusters → needle-like Guinier Preston (GP) zone → β". Clusters are completely coherent with the Al matrix. The GP zone with relatively complete independent lattice parameters that differ slightly from the Al matrix parameters, is oriented along the direction of <111>Al and lying on {111}Al plane. The strength of the Al-Mg-Si alloy is greatly enhanced by the threedimensional strain field that exists between the β" phase and the two {200}Al planes. After aging at 170 °C for 6 h, the hardness reaches the peak of 127 HV and remains for a long time. At this stage, the electrical conductivity keeps relatively stable due to the formation of coherent precipitates (Mg/Si clusters/GP zones) and the reduction in solute atom concentration in the Al matrix. The severe coarsening and decreased number density of the β" phase during the over-aging stage result in a significant decrease in the hardness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]