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Copyright of Gériatrie et Psychologie Neuropsychiatrie du Vieillissement is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gériatrie et Psychologie Neuropsychiatrie du Vieillissement is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Praxis (16618157) is the property of Aerzteverlag medinfo AG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Annales Françaises de Médecine d'Urgence is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of IDS Bulletin is the property of Institute of Development Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gériatrie et Psychologie Neuropsychiatrie du Vieillissement is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gériatrie et Psychologie Neuropsychiatrie du Vieillissement is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Annales Françaises de Médecine d'Urgence is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Annales Françaises de Médecine d'Urgence is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Annales Françaises de Médecine d'Urgence is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Annales Françaises de Médecine d'Urgence is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Annales Françaises de Médecine d'Urgence is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pan African Medical Journal is the property of Pan African Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Résumé: Le développement des filières gériatriques permet une hospitalisation en entrée directe évitant le passage par les urgences. À Clermont-Ferrand, depuis 2011, une ligne téléphonique dédiée permet une régulation des entrées. L'objectif de cette étude est d'évaluer l'impact du mode d'entrée (directe ou urgences) sur la durée moyenne de séjour (DMS) chez les patients hospitalisés en court séjour gériatrique (CSG). Méthodes: La DMS, ainsi que les données socio démographiques, le score d'autonomie, le MMS, les comorbidités, le mode de sortie, la survenue d'une hospitalisation dans l'année précédente et la polymédication ont été recueillis de manière rétrospective chez les patients âgés de plus de 75 ans. Résultats: 272 patients ont été inclus (88 « entrées directes » et 184 « urgences »). Les caractéristiques des groupes étaient comparables. La durée médiane de séjour pour le groupe « urgences » était de 14 [9,5 ; 20] contre 12 [8,5 ; 18] pour l'autre groupe (p = 0,03). En analyse multivariée, le score d'ADL et le mode de vie étaient corrélés à la DMS avec respectivement p = 0,009 et p = 0,018. Conclusion: La création de filières d'entrées directes en CSG par la mise en place de lignes téléphoniques dédiées permet une réduction de la DMS. Introduction: Development of the geriatric care allows direct hospitalization and avoid unnecessary emergency admissions. In Clermont-Ferrand, a specific hotline regulates direct entry from home and emergencies in the geriatric acute care unit. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the entry mode (home or emergency) on the length of stay of patients hospitalized in acute care geriatric unit. Materials and methods: We have retrospectively collected data on hospitalization of patients over 75 years in the Geriatric Acute care unit from January to March 2019. We also collected socio-demographic data, autonomy score, MMS, co-morbidity score, exit mode, previous year's hospitalization and polymedication on hospitalization reports. Results: We included 88 patients in the "direct" group and 184 patients in the "emergency" group. The characteristics of the two groups were comparable. The median length of stay for the "emergency" group was 14 days [9.5; 20] versus 12 [8.5; 18] for the "direct" group (p=0.03). In multivariate analysis, ADL score and home lifestyle were correlated with duration of stay. Conclusion: The development of direct entrance pathways into the geriatric short-stay department by establishing specific hotlines decreases length of stay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Douleur et Analgésie is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Résumé: La prise en charge des symptômes psycho-comportementaux liés à la démence (SPCD) est complexe et peut nécessiter un recours à un Service d'accueil et d'urgences (SAU). Cette étude a pour objectif principal d'évaluer, au niveau national, les pratiques des médecins urgentistes dans la prise en charge des SPCD, leurs connaissances et leurs compétences dans ce domaine. Cette étude observationnelle et quantitative a été réalisée entre mars 2021 et juillet 2021, au moyen d'un questionnaire en ligne auprès de l'ensemble des médecins travaillant dans un SAU en France. Parmi les 188 urgentistes ayant répondu, 72,9 % se disent confrontés souvent ou très souvent à des patients présentant des SPCD, et 82,5 % déclarent avoir peu ou aucune connaissance concernant les SPCD. La prise en charge choisie en première intention est non médicamenteuse pour 63,3 % des répondants. Quand elle est médicamenteuse, les benzodiazépines de demi-vie courte sont préférées. On note l'utilisation, non négligeable, de neuroleptiques de première et deuxième générations et d'antihistaminiques. Il semble exister une bonne connaissance, par les urgentistes, des filières dédiées aux SPCD, mais peu d'entre eux y ont recours. Cette étude encourage donc la formation des urgentistes à cette problématique et le développement des filières dédiées aux SPCD. The management of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) is complex and may fall back on an Emergency Department (ED). The main objective of this study is to review the practices of French emergency physicians for the management of BPSD, their knowledge and their skills in this domain. This observational and quantitative study was performed between March 2021 and July 2021, using an online questionnaire, among all doctors working in ED in France. Among the 188 respondents, 72.9% declared that they were often or very often confronted with patients with BPSD, and 82.5% declared that they had little or no knowledge of BPSD. The first-line treatment was non-pharmaceutical for 63.3% of the respondents. When medication was used, short half-life benzodiazepines were preferred. There was also a significant use of first- and second-generation neuroleptics and antihistamines. Emergency physicians seemed to have a good knowledge of the pathways dedicated to BPSD, but few resort to them. This study therefore promotes the formation of emergency physicians to BPSD and the development of dedicated departments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pan African Medical Journal is the property of Pan African Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of African Journal of Clinical & Experimental Microbiology is the property of African Journals Online (AJOL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Résumé: Objectif. Décrire les caractéristiques cliniques et le devenir d'un groupe de patients de plus de 65 ans adressés en psychiatrie de liaison pour un motif addictologique dans des services d'urgences d'un CHU. Méthodes. Un groupe de 39 sujets âgés de plus de 65 ans (âge moyen : 70,4 ans, 56 % d'hommes) a été comparé à un groupe de 613 patients âgés de moins de 65 ans (âge moyen : 42,0 ans, 69 % d'hommes), adressés consécutivement en psychiatrie de liaison entre mars 2017 et décembre 2020 dans les suites de leur passage dans les services d'urgences du CHU d'Amiens. Résultats et conclusions. Les principaux motifs d'admission étaient les intoxications éthyliques aiguës (54 %), les troubles dépressifs (23 %), les comportements suicidaires (24 %), sans différence significative avec le groupe de moins de 65 ans. La fréquence des fumeurs quotidiens de tabac était moins élevée dans le groupe de sujets âgés de plus de 65 ans (respectivement 28 % versus 71 % ; p < 0,0001). Les fréquences des consommateurs quotidiens d'alcool, des patients présentant des troubles dépressifs, des troubles de personnalité, des patients recevant des antidépresseurs, benzodiazépines et hypnotiques étaient comparables dans les deux groupes. La prescription de médicaments d'aide à l'arrêt du tabac et d'alcool ne concernait qu'un patient sur dix. Background and objective. To describe the clinical characteristics and the outcomes of a group of elderly patients referred to a liaison psychiatry department in the emergency department of an Academic University Hospital. Methods. A group of 39 patients aged over 65 years (mean age: 70. years, 56% male), consecutively referred to a liaison psychiatry department between March 2017 and December 2020, was compared to a group of 613 patients aged under 65 years (mean age: 42.0 years, 69% male) following their admission to the emergency department of the Amiens University Hospital, France. Results and conclusions. The main reasons for admission in the emergency department were alcohol intoxication (54%), depressive symptoms (23%), and suicidal ideas or behaviors (24%), without significant difference with the group of patients aged under 65 years of age. The rate of patients smoking tobacco on a daily basis was lower in the group of patients over 65 years of age (respectively 28% versus 71%, P < 0.0001). The rates of patients who used alcohol on a daily basis, patients with current depressive disorders, patients with personality disorders, patients receiving antidepressants, benzodiazepines or hypnotic treatments were similar in both groups. The prescription of pharmacological treatments for smoking cessation and for alcohol cessation should be enhanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annales Françaises de Médecine d'Urgence is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Résumé: Une revue systématique de la littérature a été menée pour lister les facteurs de risque de réadmission aux urgences chez les personnes de 75 ans et plus. Cette revue montre que certains facteurs socio-démographiques (âge élevé, sexe masculin, ne pas être célibataire), certaines comorbidités (pathologies cardio-respiratoires, diabète, altération cognitive, cancer, dépression), les antécédents de chute et la présence d'une altération d'autonomie avant l'admission sont davantage des facteurs de risque de réadmission aux urgences que la cause elle-même d'admission ou sa gravité chez les personnes de 75 ans et plus. Il reste à déterminer le meilleur score prédictif de réadmission chez les plus âgés et à déterminer si un repérage systématique des facteurs de risque associé à une prise en charge spécifique des sujets âgés à risque peut réduire le risque de réadmissions après un premier passage aux urgences. A systematic review of the literature was carried out to assess the risk factors for readmission to the emergency room in people aged 75 and over. This review shows that some socio-demographic factors (high age, male gender, not being single), some underlying conditions (cardio-respiratory diseases, diabetes, cognitive impairment, cancer, depression), a recent history of falling and an impaired autonomy before admission are risk factors for readmission to the emergency room more than the cause of admission itself or its severity in people aged 75 and over. It remains to determine the best predictive readmission score in the elderly and whether a systematic identification of risk factors associated with specific management in the at-risk oldest reduce their readmission after a first visit to the emergency room. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Objectif : évaluer l'impact des activités de pharmacie clinique sur le taux de ré-hospitalisations, non programmées, des patients âgés (75 ans ou plus) admis à la médecine d'urgence de la personne âgée (MUPA) pour chute. Méthode : étude pilote, longitudinale et comparative (groupe bénéficiant des activités de pharmacie clinique et groupe contrôle). Critères de jugement : taux de ré-hospitalisation non programmée au CHU de Limoges à 90 jours (principal), 30 jours, 72 h (secondaires) et estimation des coûts économisés associés. Résultat : 252 patients inclus. Une diminution significative du taux de ré-hospitalisations a été retrouvée à 90 jours (odds ratio = 0,45 (IC95 % 0,26–0,79) p = 0,005), 30 jours (p = 0,035) et 72 h (p = 0,041) dans le groupe intervention. Une moyenne de 37 770 euros sur les 5 mois et demi de l'étude ont été économisés (21 ré-hospitalisations évitées). Conclusion : nos résultats soulignent l'impact positif de la pharmacie clinique sur la prévention des ré-hospitalisations non programmées chez les sujets âgés chuteurs. To evaluate the effect of clinical pharmacy interventions on the unplanned rehospitalizations rates of elderly people admitted for fall to the elderly emergency medicine (EEM) unit in a teaching hospital. Design and measures: This was a longitudinal, comparative pilot study. Patients aged at least 75 who were admitted to the EEM unit for a fall and who had at least two chronic diseases and who were being treated with two or more medications were included from February 1, 2018 to June 30, 2018 and followed by 90 days. The main outcomes were the unplanned rehospitalizations rate at Limoges Teaching Hospital within the 90 days (primary outcome), 30 days and 72 hrs. The estimated cost-saving was also assessed. Results: We included 252 patients. The mean age was 88.4 ± 5.8 years and the average baseline number of medications was 8.3 ± 3.4. In total, 158 pharmaceutical interventions were performed, reflecting an acceptance rate of 94.9%. We found a significant reduction of the rate of unplanned rehospitalizations at 90-day (OR = 0.45 (0.26–0.79) p = 0.005). These results were still consistent at 30-day (p = 0.035) and 72 hours (p = 0.041). We found a cost-saving of 37,770 euros related to 21 avoided rehospitalizations. Conclusions: Our results highly emphasize the positive effects of clinical pharmacy services on the prevention of unplanned rehospitalizations of old adults admitted for fall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annales Françaises de Médecine d'Urgence is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Annales Françaises de Médecine d'Urgence is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mali Médical is the property of Mali Medical, Faculte de Medecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odonto-stomatologie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Annales Françaises de Médecine d'Urgence is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mali Médical is the property of Mali Medical, Faculte de Medecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odonto-stomatologie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Praxis (16618157) is the property of Aerzteverlag medinfo AG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Annales Françaises de Médecine d'Urgence is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Résumé: Le troisième consensus international pour la définition du sepsis recommande l'usage du score quick sepsis-related organ failure assessment (q-Sofa) comme une façon simple et rapide d'identifier les patients infectés susceptibles de s'aggraver. Contrairement au score de syndrome de réponse inflammatoire systémique (Sris), l'évaluation du q-Sofa est simple et rapide. Elle repose sur des items cliniques que sont : l'état de conscience, l'état respiratoire et l'état hémodynamique. L'objectif de cette étude est de décrire l'intérêt du q-Sofa et du Sris score dans l'évaluation pronostique et la prise en charge des urgences chirurgicales de l'adulte. Matériel et méthode : il s'agit d'une étude prospective observationnelle, descriptive, analytique sur douze mois, réalisée au centre hospitalier régional de Saint-Louis (Sénégal). Elle a intéressé les patients âgés de plus de 16 ans admis pour abdomen aiguë chirurgical non traumatique. Nous avons analysé les critères épidémiologiques, évolutifs, le q-Sofa, le Sris, la mortalité. Résultats : nous avons colligé 118 patients. L'âge moyen était de 35,8 avec des extrêmes allant de 16 à 90 ans. Le q-Sofa était positif chez 19,4 % des patients et le Sris score était positif 52,6 % de nos patients. L'instabilité hémodynamique peropératoire fut objectivée chez 18 % de nos patients. Les urgences abdominales infectieuses représentaient 64,4 % des cas. Un Sris négatif était associé à un q-Sofa négatif dans 97,8 % des cas (p = 0,000004). Le taux de mortalité était de 9,5 % et un q-Sofa positif était associé à une mortalité dans 35 % des cas. Concernant la prédiction de la mortalité, l'aire sous la courbe (AUC) du q-Sofa était de 0,844 (0,692-0,995) avec une sensibilité de 80 % et une spécificité de 86,1 %, et le Sris avait une AUC de 0,717 (0,594-0,839) avec une sensibilité estimée à 100 % et une spécificité de 50 %. Pour la prédiction des complications anesthésiques, L'AUC du q-Sofa était de 0,713 (0,506-0,920) avec une sensibilité de 50 % et une spécificité de 84,2 %. En comparaison, le Sris avait une AUC de 0,738 (0,601-0,875) avec une sensibilité de 90 % et une spécificité de 48,6 %. Conclusion : le q-Sofa est plus spécifique que le Sris score dans la prédiction de la mortalité et des complications anesthésiques au cours de la prise en charge des urgences chirurgicales de abdominales de l'adulte. Son utilisation dans les services d'urgences, où les délais pour le diagnostic du sepsis sont importants, doit être encouragée. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annales Françaises de Médecine d'Urgence is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pan African Medical Journal is the property of Pan African Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Annales Françaises de Médecine d'Urgence is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Douleur et Analgésie is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Praxis (16618157) is the property of Aerzteverlag medinfo AG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Annales Françaises de Médecine d'Urgence is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Annales Françaises de Médecine d'Urgence is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hépato-Gastro & Oncologie Digestive is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Médecine is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gériatrie et Psychologie Neuropsychiatrie du Vieillissement is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Annales Françaises de Médecine d'Urgence is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pan African Medical Journal is the property of Pan African Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pan African Medical Journal is the property of Pan African Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Annales Françaises de Médecine d'Urgence is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sang Thrombose Vaisseaux is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pan African Medical Journal is the property of Pan African Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Annales Françaises de Médecine d'Urgence is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)