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Copyright of Revista de Derecho Comunitario Europeo is the property of Centro de Estudios Politicos y Constitucionales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Derecho Comunitario Europeo is the property of Centro de Estudios Politicos y Constitucionales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The law of importation is an important property of fuzzy implication functions because of its interesting applications in approximate reasoning and image processing. In this paper, as a continuation of the paper [S. Massanet, D. Ruiz-Aguilera, and J. Torrens, “Characterization of a class of fuzzy implication functions satisfying the law of importation with respect to a fixed uninorm—Part I,” IEEE Trans. Fuzz Syst. , to be published.], the characterization of all fuzzy implication functions that satisfy the law of importation with respect to a given uninorm $U$ , and having an $\alpha$ -section that is a continuous fuzzy negation is given for the cases when the uninorm $U$ lies in one of the most used classes of uninorms. As the case when the uninorm $U$ is in ${\mathcal U}_{\min }$ was already solved in [S. Massanet, D. Ruiz-Aguilera, and J. Torrens, “Characterization of a class of fuzzy implication functions satisfying the law of importation with respect to a fixed uninorm—Part I,” IEEE Trans. Fuzz Syst., to be published.], this paper focuses in the cases when $U$ is an idempotent uninorm, a representable uninorm, or a uninorm continuous in the open unit square. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The law of importation is an important property of fuzzy implication functions with interesting applications in approximate reasoning and image processing. This property has been extensively studied and some open problems have been proposed in the literature. In particular, in this paper, we partially solve an open problem related to this property posed some years ago. Specifically, given a fixed uninorm, all fuzzy implication functions that satisfy the law of importation with respect to this uninorm, and having an $\alpha$ -section that is a continuous negation, are characterized. This characterization is specially detailed for the case of uninorms lying in each one of the most usual classes of uninorms. This is done in two different papers, this paper and the forthcoming paper (S. Massanet, D. Ruiz-Aguilera, and J. Torrens, “Characterization of a class of fuzzy implication functions satisfying the law of importation with a fixed uninorm—Part II,” IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst., to be published). In particular, in this paper the case of uninorms in $\mathcal {U}_{\min }$ is solved, whereas the cases where the uninorm is in the other usual classes (that is, idempotent, representable, and continuous in the open unit square) are left for the above-mentioned paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The law of importation is an important property of fuzzy implication functions with interesting applications in approximate reasoning and image processing. This property has been extensively studied, and some open problems have been posed in the literature. In particular, in this paper, we partially solve an open problem related to this property posed some years ago. Specifically, given a fixed t-norm $T$ , all fuzzy implication functions with continuous natural negation that satisfy the law of importation with this t-norm $T$ are characterized. This characterization is especially detailed for the case of any continuous t-norm $T$, and particular cases are given for the minimum t-norm, for any continuous Archimedean t-norm, and for any ordinal sum of continuous Archimedean t-norms. For noncontinuous t-norms, the particular cases of the drastic t-norm and the nilpotent minimum t-norm are also presented separately. Finally, characterizations of some well-known fuzzy implication functions are also deduced from the presented results. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper deals with a more general way of defining conjectures than that presented in Trillas et al. Here conjectures are defined once an operator of consequences in the sense of Tarski is given, and like in Trillas et al. they result classified in consequences, hypotheses and speculations. With all that, it appears for the first time the actually non-surprising idea that a formalization of deduction seems to be required previously to formalize induction and abduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we characterize all idempotent uninorms defined on a finite ordinal scale. It is proved that any such discrete idempotent uninorm is uniquely determined by a decreasing function from the set of scale elements not greater than the neutral element to the set of scale elements not smaller than the neutral element, and vice versa. Based on this one-to-one correspondence, the total number of discrete idempotent uninorms on a finite ordinal scale of n + 1 elements is equal to 2n. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the well-known Sklar's theorem, which shows how joint distribution functions are related to their marginals by means of copulas. The main goal is to prove a discrete version of this theorem involving copula-like operators defined on a finite chain, that will be called discrete copulas. First, the idea of subcopulas in this finite setting is introduced and the problem of extending a subcopula to a copula is solved. This is precisely the key point which allows to state and prove the discrete version of Sklar's theorem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The open problem recalled by Klement in the Linz2000 closing session, related to distributivity and conditional distributivity of a uninorm and a continuous t-conorm, is solved for the most usual known classes of uninorms. From the obtained results, it is deduced that distributivity and conditional distributivity are equivalent for these cases. It is remarkable that solutions appear involving not only strict t-conorms but also ordinal sums of the maximum with a strict t-conorm. Conversely, the distributivity of a t-conorm over a uninorm is also studied leading only to already known solutions. Moreover, the dual case of distributivity and conditional distributivity involving uninorms and continuous t-norms is also solved, proving again the equivalence of both kinds of distributivities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with discrete copulas considered as a class of binary aggregation operators on a finite chain. A representation theorem by means of permutation matrices is given. From this characterization, we study the structure of associative discrete copulas and a theorem of decomposition of any discrete copula in terms of associative discrete copulas is obtained. Finally, some aspects concerning their extension to copulas are dealt with. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bisymmetry property is studied for operators defined on a finite chain. In particular, a characterization of all bisymmetric, commutative and smooth binary operators is given. It is deduced from this characterization that bisymmetry and associativity are equivalent for finite chains, under these additional conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Language & Law / Revista de Llengua i Dret is the property of Revista de Llengua i Dret and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Catalana de Dret Públic is the property of Revista Catalana de Dret Public and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Historia Actual Online is the property of Asociacion de Historia Actual and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The detection of vessels is the first step towards an automatic diagnosis and in-depth study of retinal images to aid ophthalmologists. In this paper, a real-time algorithm based on fuzzy morphological techniques is introduced to segment vessels in retinal images. This framework provides a good trade-off between expressive power and computational requirements, since the information in the local neighbourhood is quickly processed by combining a series of fast procedures. Specifically, this method is based on the fuzzy black top-hat transform, which proves to be a simple yet very effective technique. The algorithm processes images of the DRIVE and STARE datasets, in average, in 37 and 57 ms, respectively. Thus, it can be employed while a patient is being examined, embedded into more complex systems or as a pre-screening method for large volumes of data. It outstands when it is compared with other state-of-the-art methodologies in terms of its real-time processing time and its competitive performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems published its first issue in 1993, it has made important contributions to the research field of computer science. In this study, based on the dataset of the publications published in this journal between 1993 and 2016 retrieved from Web of Science, a general overview of this journal is performed using bibliometric methods and visualized networks. First, the productive and influential publications, authors, institutions, countries/territories, and supraregions are analysed based on the total number of citations, publications, and different citation thresholds. Second, network visualization analysis is applied to illustrate the links and connections between terms by using the VOSviewer software. Moreover, the most cited journals and common author keywords of three continents, including North America, Europe, and Asia, are also presented. This paper will hopefully help researchers understand the research patterns of this journal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers the author's insights on the involvement of European Monitoring Centre for Drugs (EMCDDA) in the study regarding the issues on dual diagnosis and comorbidity of mental disorders and psychoactive substance use. Topics mentioned include the commissioning of the publication the shows the insights on the comorbidity among illicit drug users of mental disorders within the European Union (EU), the concepts and definitions, and the high rate of comorbidity in people with psychosis.

In this paper we characterize, classify and axiomatize all axiomatic extensions of the IMT3 logic. This logic is the axiomatic extension of the involutive monoidal t-norm logic given by ¬ϕ3 ∨ ϕ. For our purpose we study the lattice of all subvarieties of the class IMT3, which is the variety of IMTL-algebras given by the equation ¬(x3) ∨ x ≈ ⊤, and it is the algebraic counterpart of IMT3 logic. Since every subvariety of IMT3 is generated by their totally ordered members, we study the structure of all IMT3-chains in order to determine the lattice of all subvarieties of IMT3. Given a family of IMT3-chains the number of elements of the largest odd finite subalgebra in the family and the number of elements of the largest even finite subalgebra in the family turns out to be a complete classifier of the variety generated. We obtain a canonical set of generators and a finite equational axiomatization for each subvariety and, for each corresponding logic, a finite set of characteristic matrices and a finite set of axioms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Substance Use & Misuse is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: There is a growing patient interest in being involved in the decision-making process. However, little information is provided on how this information should be structured. Does it make a difference, in patient treatment decision-making, whether information is given based on the benefits or on the side effects in rotator cuff disorders? Methods: It is a prospective randomized study that includes patients diagnosed with rotator cuff tears. Patients were randomly allocated to either group A (benefit-inform) or group B (side effect-inform) and were asked to answer the following questions based on their assigned group: Group A: Your doctor informs you that you have a rotator cuff tear and states that if he/she surgically repairs your cuff tear you will improve and that the cuff remains healed at the 2-year follow-up in 71% of the cases where surgery is done. Would you choose surgery? Yes or No Group B: Your doctor informs you that you have a rotator cuff tear and that if he/she surgically repairs your cuff tear you will improve and that the cuff is torn again at 2-year follow-up in 29% of the cases where surgery is done. Would you choose surgery? Yes or No Age, gender, the shoulder affected and the functional status assessed through the Constant score were also recorded. Results: 80 patients were randomized (43 to group A and 37 to group B). The patients assigned to group A (benefit) accepted surgery significantly more frequently than those assigned to group B (complication) (P = 0.000). In group A, 36 of 43 (84%) accepted surgery, compared to 17 of 37 (46%) in group B. Conclusions: The way that information on rotator cuff disorders is provided strongly influences patients' treatment decisions. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03205852. Registered 29 June 2017. Retrospectively registered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]