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Examines the copper profile evolution in integration via and trench structures for thermal low pressure, low temperature, chemical vapor deposition from CuI(tmvs)(hfac). Incorporation of observations from cross section scanning electron microscopy in an analytical simulator; Use of a limiting precursor model in the simulation of deposition profiles.

Features a study that developed a low-temperature metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) process for the growth of ultrathin aluminum oxide as a potential dielectric in emerging semiconductor device applications. Schematic cross-sectional view of the MOCVD chamber used in ultrathin aluminum oxide; Effects of design of experiment (DOE) predictors on film growth rate; DOE predictors for MOCVD ultrathin aluminum oxide.

SUMMARYKeratoacanthoma is a unique clinicopathological entity, despite a recent trend to regard it as a variant of squamous cell carcinoma. The occurrence of perineural invasion is an uncommon phenomenon in keratoacanthomas, with a predilection for lesions on the face. We studied a series of 40 cases of keratoacanthoma in which perineural invasion occurred. Of the 40 cases, 27 were from the head or neck region. We found no metastasis or direct death attributable to the presence of perineural invasion in the 35 cases in our series for whom follow-up data were available. In only one case did local recurrence occur and this was not considered by the authors to be directly attributable to the presence of perineural invasion. These findings add further support to the notion that keratoacanthoma is biologically different from squamous cell carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the effects of U.S. trade laws on the development of U.S.-People's Republic of China (PRC) trade. It briefly outlines the early development of this trade and describes problems that have arisen since 1977 as a result of this commerce and then discusses recent cases involving PRC products investigated under the three U.S. laws, with specific focus on the Natural Menthol From The People's Republic of China, the first antidumping action brought by a U.S. producer against merchandise from the PRC. It also considers several recent proposals for reform of the trade laws applicable to state-controlled economy's (SCE) and concludes that the principle of dumping functions poorly as a regulator of trade relations with SCE's.

After initial public or private commitment to their position, subjects received a request for further compliance that implied high or low threat to freedom to refuse. Under private commitment, high threat resulted in negative attitude change relative to low threat and this difference was attenuated under public commitment. While subsequent restoration of threatened freedom attenuated differential compliance between high and low threat under private commitment, greater compliance with the request was obtained under public than under private commitment. These results suggested that initial commitment may entail loss of freedom to refuse subsequent attitude-related requests and that loss of freedom may not be restored while initial public commitment remains intact. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In reactance terms, commitment to a position may reduce freedom concerning the attitude position. Without an explicit request (Experiment 1) subjects under public commitment avoided further commitment-related behavior, suggesting that committed subjects may attempt freedom restoration by avoiding further involvement. Private commitment subjects complied less with a consonant request that implied high rather than low threat to freedom and this effect was attenuated under public commitment (Experiment 2), suggesting that freedoms lost by commitment involve the freedom to refuse an explicit request for attitude-consistent compliance. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Multiple small hyperkeratoses were observed a 42-year-old woman. They had first appeared in early adult life. There was a history of an apparently identical disorder affecting her father, her brother, and her brother's son. A similar condition has been described in four previous reports in which seven individual cases have been documented. Four had positive family history, bringing the total number of previously known cases to 14. The disorder is characterized by the development in early adult life of widely disseminated small spikes of keratin that are unrelated to hair follicles. Microscopic examination shows digitate orthokeratosis with moderate epidermal cell hyperplasia and a normal underlying dermis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Duality identifies recoupling coefficients and isoscalar factors of the unitary groups with matrix elements of double coset representatives of the symmetric groups. When the double coset factorization is with respect to the same subgroup chain the matrix is that of the ordinary irreducible representation in a basis symmetry adapted to the subgroup chain. The invariant character of the symmetric group element then acts as a constraint on the magnitude, phase, and multiplicity resolution for diagonal elements. An algorithm for determining the content of this constraint is given and is shown to be consistent with a phase convention proposed previously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a follow-up to an earlier survey of attitudes toward supervi sors in the schools, these writers took a look at how supervisors feel about the bad habits of those for whom they are responsible. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Comment is offered on the roughly 50 years experience of Australian clinicians with the various types of keratoacanthoma, and local contributions to knowledge in this area is indicated. The higher incidence in warmer areas, with consequent early acceptance of the entity, is documented. Effects of immunosuppression are recorded, and viral and immunological studies noted. Aspects of special sub-groups, such as multiple and subungual, and of treatment, are briefly discussed, amid future areas of research mentioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BSTRACT Various procedures were used to attempt to correlate spoilage of imitation crabmeat with sensory analysis after storage at 4°C, 10°C and 22°C. Total volatile acids, total volatile bases, cadaverine, putrescine, histamine, aerobic plate count, and proteolytic count correlated well with product spoilage at 22°C. Even though 22°C is considered abusive, the only pathogenic organism isolated was Bacillus cereus. In contrast, at 4°C and 10°C, neither the chemical nor microbial indicators were adequate to assess quality of the product. Thus sensory analysis, despite its limitations, remained the only method currently available to assess product acceptability after prolonged storage at reduced temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BSTRACT Raw surimi and a surimi-derived flaked artificial crab were stored at 4°C, 10°C and 22°C until advanced decomposition occurred. The raw surimi and the flaked artificial crab remained at an acceptable level of quality based on sensory analysis for approximately 2-4 days and 6-8 days, respectively, when stored at 10°C. Both products were of acceptable quality for at least 13 days when stored at 4°C. The potentials of total volatile acids (TVA) and total volatile bases (TVB) determined by flow injection analysis, ethanol determined by head-space gas chromatography and the amines, cadaverine, putrescine, and histamine all determined by high performance liquid chromatography, were evaluated as chemical indicators of decomposition for those products. TVA and TVB appeared to have the most potential as indicators of decomposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on two different psychologies dealing with the study of religion. According to the author, the first clarification to be made is between "religious behavior" and "religious experience." Since this behavior is directly observable in principle, although it might at this time be difficult to define, it is the object of study of the psychologist, as scientist. While other people may experience religious feelings, these experiences are in principle not directly observable but are, as is well known, inferences that the scientist makes about the people whom he observes. Although it may be said with reasonable assurance that individuals have religious experiences and that these thus qualify as natural phenomena, it is difficult to give them objective form. However, that the phenomena of religious experience must be "objective" before they are amenable to scientific analysis is not strictly a requirement of their study. The study of processes not directly observed, although difficult, is common in psychology as, in fact, is the study of unobserved processes common in other fields.

A group of teachers were surveyed to determine the 10 most annoying supervisory habits of their adminis trators. Those habits and suggestions for kicking them are listed here. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]