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Background and Objectives: Cervical cancer global burden is highly skewed towards poor countries primarily due to lack of awareness, poor screening, and low uptake of prophylactic vaccines. The purpose of our study is to educate and raise awareness among young girls and women about the importance of cervical screening and HPV vaccination. Materials and Methods: The present study, conducted from January 2023 to December 2023, focused on students, teachers, housewives, and healthcare professionals in the Jammu region to assess their awareness of cervical cancer and the HPV vaccine. HPV DNA testing was carried out using the Truenat Real-Time PCR method at Swastik Diagnostic Laboratory, Jammu. Results: Knowledge of cervical cancer, awareness of the HPV virus, and the vaccination status of women were assessed in survey. In the HPV screening test, out of 2,400 women, 106 tested positive for HPV. Among these 106 women, 19% had a high viral load (Ct < 20), 11% had a low viral load (25 = Ct < 30), indicating a low relative concentration of HPV viruses, 40% had a medium viral load (20 = Ct < 25), and 30% had very low viral loads (Ct = 30). Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of routine cervical screenings, such as Pap smears and HPV tests, for the early detection of cervical cancer. There is an urgent need to implement cervical cancer screening and vaccination programs in the Jammu region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The seafood industry generates waste, including shells, bones, intestines, and wastewater. The discards are nutrient-rich, containing varying concentrations of carotenoids, proteins, chitin, and other minerals. Thus, it is imperative to subject seafood waste, including shrimp waste (SW), to secondary processing and valorization for demineralization and deproteination to retrieve industrially essential compounds. Although several chemical processes are available for SW processing, most of them are inherently ecotoxic. Bioconversion of SW is cost-effective, ecofriendly, and safe. Microbial fermentation and the action of exogenous enzymes are among the significant SW bioconversion processes that transform seafood waste into valuable products. SW is a potential raw material for agrochemicals, microbial culture media, adsorbents, therapeutics, nutraceuticals, and bio-nanomaterials. This review comprehensively elucidates the valorization approaches of SW, addressing the drawbacks of chemically mediated methods for SW treatments. It is a broad overview of the applications associated with nutrient-rich SW, besides highlighting the role of major shrimp-producing countries in exploring SW to achieve safe, ecofriendly, and efficient bio-products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Space has various meanings; while sometimes it can be expansive, at others it can be condensed into a particular frame. When power comes into question, space is internalized and subsequently challenged. The spaces of Seamus Heaney's writings are an extension of the wide expanse of the space of Ireland in general. The geographical spaces project fault lines distributed across religious, political and social grounds, and Heaney's poetry broadens this view of the Northern and Southern Ireland, trying to reestablish the lost Irish identity, entangled within the complexities of history and culture. Through the recollections of childhood, Heaney dwells on the rural landscape forming an essential part of nativity arising from the regionalism in question. This paper explores the relationship between the social and spatial aspects of Ireland as seen in Heaney's writing space. It is interpreted through Edward Soja's concept of Thirdspace that encompasses the socio-spatial and the spatial-temporal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibiotic pollution poses a potential risk of genotoxicity, as antibiotics released into the environment can induce DNA damage and mutagenesis in various organisms. This pollution, stemming from pharmaceutical manufacturing, agriculture, and improper disposal, can disrupt aquatic ecosystems and potentially impact human health through the consumption of contaminated water and food. The removal of genotoxic antibiotics using algae-mediated approaches has gained considerable attention due to its potential for mitigating the environmental and health risks associated with these compounds. The paper provides an in-depth examination of the molecular aspects concerning algae and bioreactor-driven methodologies utilized for the elimination of deleterious antibiotics. The molecular analysis encompasses diverse facets, encompassing the discernment and profiling of algae species proficient in antibiotic degradation, the explication of enzymatic degradation pathways, and the refinement of bioreactor configurations to augment removal efficacy. Emphasizing the significance of investigating algal approaches for mitigating antibiotic pollution, this paper underscores their potential as a sustainable solution, safeguarding both the environment and human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Varicose vein is a chronic condition that affects the lower extremities of the human body. Several factors have been implicated in the development of this disease, viz age, gender, weight, height and prolonged standing. Recently, genome-wide studies have identified genetic biomarkers that are associated with varicose veins in different ethnic groups. Such genetic studies are lacking in South Asians specifically in Indians where the prevalence of varicose veins is high, and it is important to replicate these variants in the stated population. The study aimed to replicate the association of genetic variants associated with varicose veins in this target population, which were found to be associated with the other ethnic groups. Methodology: The studied cohort is of the Indian population comprising unrelated 104 varicose veins cases and 448 non-varicose vein controls. The samples were genotyped using the Illumina Global Screening Array. Using the genomic data from UK BioBank and 23andMe studied cohorts; eight genetic variants were selected to replicate in our dataset. The allelic association was performed to identify the effective allele and risk was estimated using odds ratio and p-value as level of significance. Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction was used to estimate the cumulative effect of variants in Indians. Result: Variant rs3791679 of EFEMP1 was found to be associated with varicose veins in Indians. After observing the association of the EFEMP1 with varicose veins, we further ensued to identify all genetic variants within EFEMP1 to uncover the additional variants associated with this trait. Interestingly, we identified six new variants of EFEMP1 gene that have shown association. Moreover, the cumulative effect of all associated variations was estimated and the risk was 2.7 times higher in cases than controls whereas independently their effect ranges from 0.37–1.58. Conclusion: This study identifies EFEMP1 as a potential gene related to the risk of varicose veins in Indians. It also highlights that evaluating the maximum number of variants of a gene rather than focusing solely on replicating single variations offers a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of the genetic factors contributing to a complex trait like varicose veins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper meticulously explores ethical leadership through a systematic literature review, unravelling its intricate dynamics in organizational contexts. It navigates diverse dimensions, including theories, measurement scales, and outcomes. The Scopus database was chosen to collect 311 papers, which included the theme of this paper, between the years 2005 and 2023. Out of which, 48 publications were chosen for indepth analysis, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) protocol. The study's findings highlight the crucial importance of incorporating ethical leadership, not only in influencing overall employee performance but also in serving as a catalyst for various factors that play mediating or moderating roles within organizational frameworks. The global landscape, particularly in Asian countries like China, Pakistan, Malaysia, and Indonesia, underscores a growing emphasis on ethical leadership, evident through active engagement in studies exploring its practical applications. Empirical findings endorse the positive impact of ethical leadership on performance outcomes, advocating for an expanded scope, including those in India. This paper not only underscores the significance of ethical leadership but also provides valuable insights for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biodiesel is projected to replace the conventional diesel which is naturally occurring from a non-renewable resource called petroleum. Biodiesel generally prepared from bioresources and improves rural economy. The present research focuses on synthesis of biodiesel from waste cooking oil using catalyst generated from waste material. Waste coralline sand degraded from parent coral reef rock was used to make high purity and low cost CaO, and used in the production of biodiesel as an effective heterogeneous solid base catalyst. The calcination temperature was held at 800 °C for 3.5 h, yielding a high purity CaO catalyst. Well-known tools namely XRD, FT-IR, and TGA were employed to characterize the catalyst that was obtained. Elemental analysis and surface morphology were observed with SEM–EDX, respectively. To produce biodiesel, each batch went through a succession of transesterification reactions. Each experiment examined how the co-solvent changed the yield of biodiesel. Biodiesel of high grade and purity was produced and analysed using 1H NMR and FT-IR spectra. There are some variables which adversely affected biodiesel yield, like reaction time, temperature, molar ratio, and concentration of the catalyst. The density, kinematic viscosity, cloud point, and other properties of synthesised biodiesel were investigated using ASTM guidelines. It was established that the developed CaO catalyst was reused up to 5 times without substantially degrading its catalytic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Surgical resection is the primary treatment for bone and soft tissue tumors. Negative margin status is a key factor in prognosis. Given the three-dimensional (3D) anatomic complexity of musculoskeletal tumor specimens, communication of margin results between surgeons and pathologists is challenging. We sought to perform ex vivo 3D scanning of musculoskeletal oncology specimens to enhance communication between surgeons and pathologists. Methods: Immediately after surgical resection, 3D scanning of the fresh specimen is performed prior to frozen section analysis. During pathologic grossing, whether frozen or permanent, margin sampling sites are annotated on the virtual 3D model using computer-aided design (CAD) software. Results: 3D scanning was performed in seven cases (six soft tissue, one bone), with specimen mapping on six cases. Intraoperative 3D scanning and mapping was performed in one case in which the location of margin sampling was shown virtually in real-time to the operating surgeon to help achieve a negative margin. In six cases, the 3D model was used to communicate final permanent section analysis. Soft tissue, cartilage, and bone (including lytic lesions within bone) showed acceptable resolution. Conclusions: Virtual 3D scanning and specimen mapping is feasible and may allow for enhanced documentation and communication. This protocol provides useful information for anatomically complex musculoskeletal tumor specimens. Future studies will evaluate the effect of the protocol on positive margin rates, likelihood that a re-resection contains additional malignancy, and exploration of targeted adjuvant radiation protocols using a patient-specific 3D specimen map. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid depletion of fossil fuel reserves and rising greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions have necessitated research into low-cost renewable energy sources, with a focus on algal-derived biofuels. Biodiesel, a sustainable alternative fuel, can be derived from a variety of biological sources Microalgae-based biodiesel production offers an innovative method of generating renewable and sustainable energy. By utilizing advanced cultivation techniques, such as photobioreactors and open pond systems, microalgae can be grown efficiently and in large quantities. Furthermore, various methods, such as lipid extraction and transesterification, are employed to convert the lipid-rich microalgae biomass into biodiesel. However, to make microalgae-based biodiesel production more cost-effective and sustainable, several challenges need to be addressed, such as higher production costs, reduced productivity rates, and potential environmental impacts. Future opportunities lie in creating cost-effective and sustainable methods for cultivating and harvesting microalgae, improving lipid yields, and creating effective conversion methods. Overall, microalgae-based biodiesel production shows promise as a renewable and sustainable energy source. However, further research and development must take place to realize its full potential and reap its rewards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Test anxiety is a psychological condition that causes extreme stress and anxiety in exam situations. Students feel stress and anxiety before exams. It can disrupt their learning and lead to poor performance. Relaxation techniques, like tensing toe relaxation, are the most effective non-pharmacological techniques for reducing stress because they affect mental and physical states like depression, mood, anxiety, and self-blaming. Objective: To evaluate the effect of the tensing toe relaxation technique on test anxiety among first-year B.S. nursing students and the association of the level of test anxiety with their selected demographic variables. Methods: The Quasi-experimental research study was conducted in two selected colleges in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, among B. Sc. Nursing 1st year students. Thirty-four (34) students were selected for each Experimental and Control group by using the Purposive sampling technique. Nist, Diehl A test anxiety scale and a self-structured socio-demographic tool were used for collecting the data through the questioning method. After demonstrating the tensing toe relaxation technique to the experimental group, they were asked to practice for 2 weeks. The posttest was conducted at the end of two weeks. Results: Study findings show a reduction of test anxiety with (t = 6.02) (p = 0.000), which is highly significant at p 0.001, and also the unpaired t-test post-test values show a significant change at p 0.001. Furthermore, there is a significant association between the level of test anxiety and selected demographic variables at p <0.05. Conclusion: TheTensing toe relaxation technique is an effective intervention to reduce test anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ever-growing global population, combined with the industrial revolution and increased consumerism, has led to an exponential surge in waste generation. The implementation of integrated solid waste management (ISWM) is crucial for addressing the challenges posed by increasing waste generation and limited landfill space. Remote sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have emerged as powerful tools to support ISWM strategies through their diverse applications. This short review explores the novel applications of RS and GIS in ISWM and highlights their potential for enhancing waste management practices. RS techniques, such as satellite imagery and aerial photography, enable the accurate mapping and monitoring of waste generation, disposal sites, and recycling facilities. GIS facilitates spatial analysis and decision-making, allowing for optimized waste collection routes, landfill site selection, and the identification of suitable locations for waste-to-energy projects. Furthermore, RS and GIS provide valuable insights into waste composition analysis, landfill stability assessment, and environmental impact evaluation. This review underscores the importance of leveraging RS and GIS technologies to improve waste management practices and offers valuable recommendations for future research in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Rinaie Marwah hot spring Kishtwar (RMHSK) is one of the geothermal springs located at 33°51'51"N 75°32'07"E with an elevation of 2134 meters above sea level in Jammu and Kashmir, India. We aimed to study the microbial diversity of this geothermal spring using metagenomics. Materials and Methods: In the present study, physiochemical parameters including temperature (65-75oC), pH (6. 9-8. 8), hardness (250 ppm), and mineral content was measured along with the microbial diversity using Illumina MiSeq metagenome-based 16s amplicon sequencing (V3-V4). The sequence reads were classified taxonomically into 31 phyla, 71 classes, 152 orders, 256 families, 410 genus, and 665 species. QIIME 2 (Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology), an extensible, powerful, and decentralized analytical tool, was used for taxonomic analysis. Results: Bacteroidota (32. 57%) was the dominant phylum, Bacteroidia (32. 51%) the dominant class, Bacteroidales (16. 6%) the dominant order, and Lentimicrobiaceae (14. 23%) was the dominant family per the abundance analysis. Shannon (2. 28) and Chao 1 (87. 0) diversity indices support the existence of higher microbial diversity in RMHSK (50717 OTUs). Conclusion: The microbial diversity of RMHSK is reported for the first time through a metagenomic study. Identification of microorganisms with characteristics that are relevant to industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the monitoring of corrosion in the distribution network pipeline in Patna (Bihar), India, using a weight loss method and an image processing technique. The seven coupons were injected into the pipeline of the distribution network and ejected after 45, 90, 135, 180, 225, 270, and 315 days. The corrosion rate was calculated by weighing the initial and final weight of coupons. It was found to be 0.035, 0.078, 0.048. 0.035, 0.028, 0.052, and 0.039 mm/year during 45, 90, 135, 180, 225, 270, and 315 days, respectively. Scaling rate found at 45, 90, 135, 180, 225, 270, and 315 days was 0.006, 0.037, 0.042, 0.049, 0.011, 0.018, and 0.033 mm/year, respectively. Surface analysis was performed using the scanner method and MATLAB software. Coupons were first scanned using a scanner adjusted to 4800 ppi. A scanned image was imported into MATLAB. An algorithm was used based on color analysis. The output of a text file was generated that gave the corrosion pit in terms of pixels. The MATLAB analysis shows that the surface corrosion area sum of both sides of the coupon was 6.24, 6.39, 6.49, and 6.48 cm2 in 45, 90, 135, and 180 days, respectively. This study concludes that scale formation on the pipe surface decreased the corrosion rate. Corrosion and scaling were found in the opposite trend. SEM analysis shows that pitting corrosion was increasing with increasing duration of time. Physicochemical analysis shows that the water was alkaline. The presence of a greater concentration of hardness, alkalinity, and less concentration of chloride, sulfate, and DO water was found to have a scaling tendency. XRD analysis of iron dust represents the presence of salts in water, which is responsible for the scaling behavior of water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prevalence of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy cannot be determined without diagnostic parameters. Its estimation is a challenging job because the disease is typically latent and only manifests when the patient experiences overt stress, such as changes in body position, exercise, drugs, hemorrhage, or surgery. The goal of this research is to evaluate cardiac dysfunction in patients with end-stage liver disease, examine the relationship between cardiac dysfunction and clinical outcomes in liver disease patients, and investigate the prevalence and effects of cardiac dysfunction. Results: The patients' group had a higher prevalence of diastolic impairment (p<0.001). Only one patient (5.2%) did not have any systolic dysfunction, while nine patients (47.3%) had grade 1 dysfunction, six (31.5%) had grade 2, and three (15.7%) had grade 3 dysfunction. When compared to controls, the patient group's QTc gap was significantly prolonged (p 0.001). Three months of follow-up were given to every subject. Of the 30 patients, 11 passed away during this time. The majority of patients suffer from cardiac failure, primarily diastolic dysfunction. Due to its early onset, diastolic dysfunction has been shown to be the most sensitive measure in the diagnosis of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. No relationship between cardiac dysfunction and the severity of hepatic sickness was discovered, but the outcome is more affected by the severity of hepatic illness than cardiac dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the complications of central venous catheterization (CVC). Methods: A prospective, observational study was conducted at a tertiary care center in India from December 2018 to September 2020. Critically ill patients (aged ≥18 years) in the intensive care unit undergoing CVC procedures were included in the study. Baseline demographics and detailed medical history were recorded. Chest X-rays and electrocardiography were performed on all the patients. Complications associated with CVC were recorded. Results: A total of 100 patients with the indication for central venous catheter insertion were included. The majority (81%) of the patients were inserted with CVC at the right internal jugular vein. Complications such as arterial puncture (2%), hematoma (4%), blood clot formation (4%), catheter kinking (3%), thoracic injury (1%), thrombophlebitis (6%), sepsis (9%) and nerve injury (1%) were reported. Conclusions: Though central venous access is preferred in management of critically ill patients, it has its risks. However, early recognition and prompt management of complications may reduce mortality and morbidity. Physicians and intensive care unit intensivists should be vigilant for central venous catheter-related complications. Suitable site selection, operator experience, and proper catheter maintenance are associated with optimal outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous pollutants persisting almost everywhere in the environment. With the increase in anthropogenic activities, MP accumulation is increasing enormously in aquatic, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems. Owing to the slow degradation of plastics, MPs show an increased biomagnification probability of persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic substances thereby creating a threat to environmental biota. Thus, remediation of MP-pollutants requires efficient strategies to circumvent the mobilization of contaminants leaching into the water, soil, and ultimately to human beings. Over the years, several microorganisms have been characterized by the potential to degrade different plastic polymers through enzymatic actions. Metagenomics (MGs) is an effective way to discover novel microbial communities and access their functional genetics for the exploration and characterization of plastic-degrading microbial consortia and enzymes. MGs in combination with metatranscriptomics and metabolomics approaches are a powerful tool to identify and select remediation-efficient microbes in situ. Advancement in bioinformatics and sequencing tools allows rapid screening, mining, and prediction of genes that are capable of polymer degradation. This review comprehensively summarizes the growing threat of microplastics around the world and highlights the role of MGs and computational biology in building effective response strategies for MP remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Algae are promising sources of biofuel. Microalgae's ability to grow quickly with photosynthesis, carbon dioxide, and nutrients makes them ideal biofuel sources that do not compete for resources with food crops like corn. Algae cultivation on non-arable land allows it to produce biofuel while not competing with them for resources. Algae biofuel has many advantages over fossil fuels, including reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and carbon emissions. There are various methods for turning algal feedstock or biomass into advanced biofuels. Algae biofuels have become widely used as fossil fuel replacements; however, several challenges must still be overcome, such as high production costs, the need for extensive growing systems, harvesting techniques that enable efficient harvesting/extraction techniques, as well as efficient harvesting/extraction technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is witnessing a demographic transition with increasing prevalence among younger individuals (≤45 years). Hence, this study was designed to evaluate the clinical features, risk factors, and angiographic profile of young (aged ≤ 45 years) patients with ACS and to compare it with the older (aged >45 years) patients with ACS. Materials and Methods: An observational study was conducted at a tertiary care center in India from July 2020 to December 2021. A total of 157 patients were enrolled, among which 90 patients were included in cases (group-I). The inclusion criteria were patients presenting with ACS aged between 18 and 45 years. There were two control groups, including 34 patients with ACS (aged >45 years) in Group II and 33 healthy volunteers in Group III (aged 18--45 years). Baseline demographic details, risk factors, and angiographic profile of patients with ACS in each group were recorded and compared. Results: Mean age of Group I was 39.79 ± 5.15 years and of Group II was 59.74 ± 8.21 years. Smoking (P = 0.027) and family history of coronary artery disease (P = 0.022) were the significant risk factors of ACS in Group I. Compared to non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (16.7%), ST-elevation myocardial infarction (83.3%) was predominant among younger patients with ACS. Single-vessel disease was prevalent among younger patients (62.2%) as compared to older patients with ACS (41.20%). Conclusion: Younger patients with ACS exhibited a distinct clinical and angiographic profile compared to older patients with ACS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Road traffic noise is a major environmental issue that has been faced by many people around the world, including in Patna city. There is a need to investigate noise regularly because of the rapidly increasing traffic volume. This study focuses on the estimation of the urban traffic noise level in Patna, Bihar, India. Based on a preliminary survey of traffic volume, 12 stations were selected. A sound meter was used to measure the "A"-weighted noise level. Noise parameters like L10, L50, and L90 were evaluated from the collected noise data. And these noise parameters were used for the calculation of noise pollution indices like Noise Climate (NC), Equivalent Continuous Noise Level (Leq), Noise Pollution Level (NPL), and Traffic Noise Index (TNI). These noise indices compare with the standard limit of the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). The equivalent continuous noise level (Leq) measured at different locations in the commercial cum residential zones varies from 77.7 dBA to 92.5 dBA, which is higher than the prescribed noise level limit of the CPCB. Other noise indices, such as the NPL and TNI, are found to range from 88.2 dBA to 111.5 dBA and 77.9 dBA to 125.9 dBA, respectively, at various sampling locations and are also higher than the prescribed limit of the CPCB. The noise level of all stations was found to exceed the prescribed limit of the CPCB. There is a strong correlation exists between NPL with TNI and NC (r > 0.5). Also, there is a strong correlation exists between Leq with NPL (r > 0.5). Using NPL as a dependent variable and TNI, NC, and Leq as independent variables, the regression model was completely validated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three different works combine to form a HF-3 dosage form, which is best on the basis of drug diffusion, in-vitro mucoadhesion and viscosity high solubility and, ease to use with adhesive nature over the skin, all three advantages are a must whenever we talk about the dermal formulation. The same happens with the drug amikacin, whose stability with minor solubility enhanced by the solid dispersion formation and encapsulated inside the vesicles called niosomes for sustained release and easy to adhere over the wound surface and finally, niosomes are encapsulated in hydrogels which provides the adhesive nature with easy to apply surety, at the same time it is able to provide a cooling sensation with surety to cure the wound. Also, drug and excipients have no interaction with each other and are quite stable in all dosage forms. Lastly all niosomal and hydrogel formulation compare with each other and proof that NF-8 as niosomal preparation and HF-3 as hydrogel preparation are overall best formulation and selected on the basis of many evaluation parameters. Finally one can conclude that whenever we select an oral route for targeting wound, there is a problem face by patient-related with improper amount of drug reached to the selected area and dose-related side effects and lastly patients non-compliance with tablet, for all this type of problems we can use the drug to be apply over the wound directly and for this prepared formulation NF-3 is best among all other formulation in case when we want to decrease dose frequency, directly applicable procedure and easy to use, and did not want any dose-related side effects as very less amount of drug used which is directly apply over wound and lastly slow or sustained drug release with almost whole drug penetrate from the wound which further help in heal the wound in less time duration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is focused on the modelling of the composite effect of corrosion factors using Design Expert 13 software on the corrosion rate in the water distribution network of Patna (Bihar), India. A total of nine variables, including pH, temperature, total dissolved solid (TDS), alkalinity, calcium hardness, chloride, sulphate, dissolved oxygen (DO) and time, were considered for modelling. The physicochemical parameters were determined through regular monitoring of water samples. The corrosion rate was determined by the direct monitoring of water distribution pipes using adjustments of seven GI coupons for 45, 90, 135, 180, 225, 270 and 315 days. Modelling was performed for various corrosion factors using the low-level and high-level experimental ranges. Nine of the corrosion factors, i.e. pH, temperature, TDS, alkalinity, calcium hardness, chloride, sulphate, DO and time, were considered in this study. The data used for low-level and high-level range were 7.28, 23, 430, 115, 24, 18, 10.94, 3.5 and 0 and 7.86, 28, 704, 284, 180, 98, 38.7, 6.8 and 315, respectively. Using the Box-Behnken design (BBD), 160 runs were conducted, including ten replicates at the central point of each block. The results of ANOVA indicate that the values of R2, adjusted R2 and predicted R2 are 0.9714, 0.9507 and 0.8941, respectively. The value of R2 (0.9714) was close to 1, which indicates a good fit. The adequate precision was found to be 30.8442, indicating a good signal. The coefficient of variance discusses reproducibility, and in this case, it was 9.90%. On the basis of the ANOVA result, the quadratic model is well-fitted and can be accepted as a suitable model. A total of seven parameters, such as chloride, sulphate, hardness, alkalinity, pH, calcium and hardness, were used for the design of the experimental corrosion rate (CR). Corrosion rate as observed by direct monitoring of the water distribution system was 1.37, 3.08, 1.90, 1.38, 1.09, 2.05 and 1.45 MPY for 45, 90, 135, 180, 225, 270 and 315 days, respectively. These individual CR versus synthetic aqueous solutions were used to validate the interaction of the response surface. It was observed that the trend of individual corrosion rates in synthetic aqueous solutions and the interaction of composite variables with corrosion rates in a quadratic model of response surfaces were clearly correlated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanoparticle‐based polymeric carriers are highly desirable for efficient delivery of hydrophobic drugs. The development of nanocarriers with high encapsulation efficiency synthesized by a simple emulsification technique has become a challenging task with their controlled and sustained release ability at disease sites. Here, we have synthesized a series of hydrophobically modified hyaluronic–dodecylamide (HD) conjugates by coupling dodecylamine onto hyaluronic acid in varying amounts and characterized them using physicochemical techniques. The synthesized HD conjugates, in an aqueous medium, self‐assembled into nanoparticles of size in the range of ca 189–355 nm with hydrophilic surface and hydrophobic core. 6‐Thioguanine (TG) was used as a model drug for encapsulation into the hydrophobic core of the conjugate (HD‐2) by the standard emulsification technique with high encapsulation efficiency. Spectrophotometric analysis revealed that the drug‐loaded nanoconjugate showed a sustained release of drug over a period of time and also showed enzymatic responsiveness towards hyaluronidase. In vitro experiments were performed with HEK293, HeLa and HepG2 cells and it was observed that drug‐loaded nanoparticles were more toxic towards cancerous cells as compared with free TG. These results advocate that the reported system, being biocompatible, could be used as promising anticancer drug delivery system. © 2022 Society of Industrial Chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to determine the fluoride concentration in drinking water and assess its health risks by analyzing 12 physicochemical parameters, including fluoride, pH, EC, TDS, chloride, carbonate and bicarbonate (alkalinity), sulfate, nitrate, calcium, and magnesium hardness. Correlation analysis, WQI, and HRA were used to determine whether groundwater in the study area was suitable for drinking. Correlation analysis showed that fluoride was negatively correlated with EC (-0.649), CO32- (-0.855) and positively correlated with Mg2+ (+0.559). All water samples exceeded the permissible fluoride limits according to BIS (IS 10500:2012). The WQI for all water samples was more than 100, indicating that the water was not suitable for drinking. Health risk assessment was also performed to determine the risks of non-carcinogenic diseases. The Hazard Index (HI) was determined as greater than 1. The HI ranged from 1.275 to 3.346 for adult men, 1.431 to 3.954 for adult women, and 1.986 to 5.4864 for children. Fluoride concentrations in drinking water pose a greater health risk to children than to adults. The fluoride level in drinking water is an essential parameter that must be monitored as a preventive measure against dental and skeletal fluorosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluoride can be hazardous to the body if consumed in excess. Fluoride exposure in humans can occur through the consumption of contaminated groundwater. The purpose of this study is to determine the amount of fluoride present in the area under investigation and to determine the health risks associated with its ingestion by adults and children. In accordance with the method recommended by the Environmental Protection Agency, the assessment of the health risk was done using the Chronic Daily Intake (CDI) and Hazard Quotient (HQfluoride). The fluoride in groundwater varies from 0.37 - 2.70mg/L in the study area. According to the sampling results of all locations, the HQfluoride value in adult males ranges from 0.38 to 2.77, 0.34 to 2.45 in adult females, and 0.41-3.0 in children, which is above the permissible limits for most of the sampling locations, indicating significantly higher health risks. The outcomes of this study could be beneficial for organizations in charge of promoting human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India is one of the countries that face the serious problem of groundwater contamination. The current study's main objective is to evaluate the quality of the groundwater in the Serghati and its surrounding region of the Gaya district and its suitability for drinking purposes. To achieve this aim, 75 groundwater samples from the 15 sampling sites were collected during the period from March to May 2022. We measured and analyzed the major physicochemical characteristics of the water and compared them to the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. With the help of the Water Quality Index (WQI), groundwater quality was assessed. According to the study results, 3 sites have a WQI value of more than 100, which is unsuitable for drinking. Correlation matrices were used to assess groundwater quality and the extent of the interdependencies of the various parameters. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) reduces the number of significant variables. Three principal components with a total variance of 73.53% were identified and used in the analysis. Overall, the result indicates that most areas' water quality is good and safe for drinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research paper aims to explore the effects of violence on women's identity and mental health through a literary analysis of the works of Manjula Padmanabhan, Poile Sengupta, and Kishwar Desai. The purpose of this research is to investigate how these well-known female authors portray the effects of violence on the lives, sense of self, and psychological well-being of women in their written works. This study intends to contribute to a fuller understanding of the complicated relationship between violence, gender, and mental health by analyzing the authors' previous studies. In doing so, the authors hope to shed light on the particular difficulties women confront in societies plagued by violence. The results of this research have the potential to provide policymakers, mental health practitioners, and social advocates with information that can inform the development of tailored interventions to support women who have been harmed by violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Livestock is an essential life commodity in modern agriculture involving breeding and maintenance. The farming practices have evolved mainly over the last century for commercial outputs, animal welfare, environment friendliness, and public health. Modifying genetic makeup of livestock has been proposed as an effective tool to create farmed animals with characteristics meeting modern farming system goals. The first technique used to produce transgenic farmed animals resulted in random transgene insertion and a low gene transfection rate. Therefore, genome manipulation technologies have been developed to enable efficient gene targeting with a higher accuracy and gene stability. Genome editing (GE) with engineered nucleases-Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) regulates the targeted genetic alterations to facilitate multiple genomic modifications through protein-DNA binding. The application of genome editors indicates usefulness in reproduction, animal models, transgenic animals, and cell lines. Recently, CRISPR/Cas system, an RNA-dependent genome editing tool (GET), is considered one of the most advanced and precise GE techniques for on-target modifications in the mammalian genome by mediating knock-in (KI) and knock-out (KO) of several genes. Lately, CRISPR/Cas9 tool has become the method of choice for genome alterations in livestock species due to its efficiency and specificity. The aim of this review is to discuss the evolution of engineered nucleases and GETs as a powerful tool for genome manipulation with special emphasis on its applications in improving economic traits and conferring resistance to infectious diseases of animals used for food production, by highlighting the recent trends for maintaining sustainable livestock production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The study seeks to examine the influence of organisational justice on perceived organisational support among teachers in higher education institutions in the state of Uttarakhand. Methodology: The data was collected through a structured questionnaire, personal meetings, and Google Forms. A total of 400 faculty members participated in the study. The data was analysed with the help of Smart-PLS4. Findings: The study has revealed that all the three dimensions (distributive, procedural, and interactional) of organisational justice have a positive and significant influence on perceived organisational support. Research Limitations: We examined the effect of organisational justice only, and not the supervisor's support and job conditions, on the perceived organisational support of higher education teachers in the state of Uttarakhand. Policy Implications: The conclusions of the study are expected to help the management evolve new policies to develop the employees' positive attitudes towards the job by providing justice and support to their teachers. Originality/Value: Education has been one of the most critical parameters of development and is affected by the teachers' perception of organisational justice and support. So, it is essential to determine organisational justice's influence on the perceived organisational support. Several studies have been conducted on the impact of organisational justice on perceived organisational support in business firms, but no such study appears to have been conducted among the teachers of higher education institutions in the state of Uttarakhand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taxonomic and functional characterization of a total of 90 bacterial isolates representing bulk and rhizosphere soils of diverse niches of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India were carried out. Twelve bacterial isolates were found promising for the biological suppression of agriculturally important fungal and bacterial plant pathogens such as Ralstonia solanacearum, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed their identity as belonging to Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Lysinibacillus sphaericus. The isolates were positive for plant growth promotion (PGP) traits including siderophore production, and nutrient solubilization especially phosphorous, zinc, and potassium. Interestingly, the PCR test confirmed the presence of 62 antimicrobial peptides (AMP) biosynthesis genes specific to the genus Bacillus. Whilst all tested species of Bacillus harboured the bacD biosynthesis gene, the B. subtilis (Ba_Abi), and B. amyloliquefaciens (Ba_Abi) harboured the maximum AMP biosynthesis genes analysed in the study. Upon in planta evaluation, the biocontrol potential of the bacterial isolates against leaf spot disease of chilli was observed. The study culminated in the isolation and identification of diverse Bacillus species for exploitation as bioinoculants for plant health management programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Several risk factors for the development of Cardiogenic shock (CS) have been identified - advanced age, prior history of MI, prior CABG, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, anterior MI, left bundle branch block (LBBB) and multi-vessel disease. Present study was performed with following objectives: To study the clinical profile of patients with ACS complicated by cardiogenic shock, to assess the etiology of shock in patients presenting with STEMI and CS and to determine the clinical outcomes and in hospital mortality in Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) patients presenting with CS in a tertiary hospital. Material and Methods: This is a prospective observational study of 110 patients conducted at U. N. Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. Patients with ACS and CS and giving written consent for the study were included. A detailed history was taken, a thorough physical examination was done and a detailed 2-D echocardiogram was done in all patients. Various Variable such as Age, sex, history of coronary risk factors, type of STEMI, presence of conduction abnormalities, end-organ hypoperfusion, systolic and diastolic BP, heart rate, LVEF (by echo), clinical signs of pulmonary congestion and evidence on CXR, CK MB, troponin positivity, baseline renal, presence or absence of anemia, procedural characteristics such as percutaneous coronary intervention, number of stents, TIMI flow, culprit-vessel or multivessel PCI, use of IABP were studied. Results: Chest pain or rest angina was the most common presenting symptom and was evident in 93 patients in STEMI group (95.9%) and eleven patients in NSTEMI group out of total thirteen patients. Conduction abnormality in the form of High grade AV block or Complete heart block was seen in sixteen (16.39%) patients of STEMI group with seven patients in anterior and nine inferior infarction. Mortality was seen in (41.53%) patients and major factor responsible was severe LV dysfunction and renal dysfunction. Out of 97 patients in STEMI group 55 (56.7%) patients were discharged and 42 (43.3%) patients died during hospital course. Conclusion: The mortality rates of patients with ACS have reduced significantly over the last few decades. The mortality rate in patients with cardiogenic shock was 43.63%. Survivors tended to be younger than patients who died. There was no difference in the cardiovascular risk factors amongst patients who survived or died. Advanced age, occurrence of ventricular tachycardia, high grade A-V block lack of revascularization, high total leukocyte counts and renal dysfunction were associated with increased risk of mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microorganisms dwell in diverse plant niches as non-axenic biotic components that are beneficial as well pathogenic for the host. They improve nutrients-uptake, stress tolerance, phytohormone synthesis, and strengthening the defense system through phyllosphere, rhizosphere, and endosphere. The negative consequences of the microbial communities are largely in the form of diseases characterized by certain symptoms such as gall, cankers, rots etc. Uncultivable and unspecified nature of different phytomicrobiomes communities is a challenge in the management of plant disease, a leading cause for the loss of the plant products. Metagenomics has opened a new gateway for the exploration of microorganisms that are hitherto unknown, enables investigation of the functional aspect of microbial gene products through metatranscriptomics and metabolomics. Metagenomics offers advantages of characterizing previously unknown microorganisms from extreme environments like hot springs, glaciers, deep seas, animal gut etc. besides bioprospecting gene products such as Taq polymerase, bor encoded indolotryptoline, hydrolases, and polyketides. This review provides a detailed account of the phytomicrobiome networks and highlights the importance and limitations of metagenomics and other meta-omics approaches for the understanding of plant microbial diversity with special focus on the disease control and its management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corrosion in the distribution network pipe can lead to pipe failure and water quality problems. This study assesses the corrosion or scaling potential based on the Water Quality Index (WQI) of drinking water in the distribution networks of Patna, Bihar, India. The water samples were collected from 18 points of the distribution network. In situ parameters like temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, and TDS were measured. Other parameters such as Alkalinity, Total hardness, Calcium, Magnesium, Chloride, Residual chlorine, Sulfate, Nitrate, and Dissolved oxygen were examined in the laboratory. Corrosiveness indicators, such as the Langelier saturation index (LSI), Ryznar stability index (RSI), Puckorius scaling index (PSI), Larson-Skold index (Ls), and Aggressive index (AI) are being used for water sample corrosion prediction. Experimental Corrosion rate (CR) is analyzed to show the actual prediction of corrosion. WQI was calculated to observe the effect of water quality on Corrosiveness indices and CR. A general conclusion was reached that LSI concludes 66.67% corrosive, 22.22% scaling, and 11.11% neutral, RSI concludes 88.88% corrosive, 5.56% scaling, and 5.56% neutral, PSI indicates 38.88% corrosive, 5.56% scaling, and 55.56% neutral, Ls indicates 94.44% scaling, and 5.56% corrosive, AI indicates 77.78% corrosive, and only 22.22% scaling. The average Experimental Corrosion rate is found at 1.91 mils per year. In this study, a weak correlation (r = 0.35) between Corrosion rate and WQI has been observed. A weak correlation is also observed between corrosion rate and corrosiveness indices (r < 0.5). It is concluded that the Corrosiveness Indices fail to represent the actual behavior of water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Type 1 diabetes results from the loss of pancreatic β cells, reduced insulin secretion and dysregulated blood glucose levels. Replacement of these lost β cells with stem cell-derived β cells, and protecting these cells within macro-device implants is a promising approach to restore glucose homeostasis. However, to achieve this goal of restoration of glucose balance requires work to optimise β cell function within implants. We know that native β cell function is enhanced by cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix interactions within the islets of Langerhans. Reproducing these interactions in 2D, such as culture on matrix proteins, does enhance insulin secretion. However, the impact of matrix proteins on the 3D organoids that would be in implants has not been widely studied. Here, we use native β cells that are dispersed from islets and reaggregated into small spheroids. We show these β cell spheroids have enhanced glucose-dependent insulin secretion when embedded into softer alginate hydrogels conjugated with RGD peptide (a common motif in extracellular matrix proteins). Embedding into alginate–RGD causes activation of integrin responses and repositioning of liprin, a protein that controls insulin secretion. We conclude that insulin secretion from β cell spheroids can be enhanced through manipulation of the surrounding environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study assesses the structural validity of four different measurement models of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale in the Indian context. Data were collected from 300 banking professionals from private-sector banks. Confirmatory factor analyses were used to evaluate the structural validity of the instruments, and internal consistency was also examined. Confirmatory factor analyses results showed a superior fit of the two-factor structure (vigor and dedication) over and above the one-factor and three-factor structure of UWES-9 items. While theoretical defined three-factor structure of UWES-9 also demonstrated adequate goodnessof- fit estimates on the Indian sample. Based on the findings, it was suggested that a two-factor structural model (vigor and dedication) could be a cost-effective and viable alternative to measure work engagement in the Indian context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to empirically explore the connection between transformational leadership (TL) and organizational effectiveness (OE). Also, the paper looks at the mediating impact of employee innovative behaviour (EIB) and the moderating effect of knowledge sharing (KS) on the aforementioned association. Design/methodology/approach: The respondents included 410 bank employees from North India. The mediating effect of EIB and moderating effect of KS was explored by plug-in for SPSS, PROCESS Macro (Hayes). Findings: The investigation demonstrated that there exists a significant relationship between the constructs under examination. Further, it was seen that EIB mediated and KS moderated the connection between TL and OE. Practical implications: Looking at the associations among TL, KS, EIB and OE can have significant implications for organizations. The considered framework as proposed can be used to outline organizational practices, to frame organizational policies and to build a pool of innovative employees who will in turn enhance OE. Originality/value: The general comprehension of the associations among TL, KS, EIB and OE is insufficient in existing literature. This examination expands on past studies by examining the mediating role of the EIB and moderating role of KS between TL and OE. The present work is one of the rare attempts to investigate this nested association in the Indian context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, a series of amphiphilic inulin‐azobenzene (IAb) conjugates has been synthesized by the reaction of inulin, a naturally occurring polysaccharide, with varying amounts of 6‐(3‐(4‐[4‐dimethylaminophenylazo]‐phenyl)‐thioureido)‐hexanoic acid (Azo‐ahx), an azobenzene linker. The resulting IAb conjugates (IAb‐1, IAb‐2 and IAb‐3 with 1, 3, and 5% substitution of the linker, respectively) self‐assembled into nanostructures in aqueous environment, which were then used to encapsulate the hydrophobic drug molecules, ornidazole (OZ) and 5‐fluorouracil (FU). Drug loaded and unloaded nanostructures were subjected to characterization by spectroscopic and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques. The sustained drug release behavior of these nanostructures was studied by dialysis bag method at different pH values. Enzyme‐responsive drug release behavior was investigated under the influence of inulinase. Besides, the best formulation, IAb‐1, not only showed antioxidant potential but also exhibited good wound healing properties as evidenced by in vitro scratch assay in HaCaT cells. The self‐assembled nanostructures of IAb‐1 were found be non‐toxic to cells even up to 700 μg/ml as tested by MTT assay on HEK 293 and HeLa cells. In conclusion, the potential of self‐assembled drug loaded inulin‐azo nanostructures has been demonstrated for the targeted drug delivery applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal nanoparticles (MNPs) are popular in different research fields due to their unique physical and chemical properties and superior antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, larvicidal, and catalytic potentials. Although conventional wet methods like colloidal synthesis, calcination, and spark ablation for synthesizing MNPs are effective, their synthesis uses an array of reducing and stabilizing agents and gases, making the process tedious. Additionally, metal nanoparticles induce oxidative stress through reactive oxygen species (ROS), showing high toxicity. Research and development in green chemistry have gained momentum and massive attention because of being efficient, clean, economical, environment-friendly, and free of hazardous byproducts. Recently, seed extracts in-lieu of chemical stabilizers and reducing agents have become popular because of the single-step green synthesis of MNPs. Seeds provide the researchers with a cost-effective alternate to other biological methods due to low maintenance costs, culture/growth independence for biomass, and diversity of phytochemicals as reducing and capping agents. Thus, effective green synthesis approaches are considered sustainable for MNP synthesis. This review depicts the literature on the challenges associated with metal and metal oxide nanoparticles and discusses their synthesis using seed extracts. The application section of the review discusses the antimicrobial, anticancer, and larvicidal activities of seed extracted-synthesized metallic nanoparticles. Furthermore, insights into the different biological potentials of the synthesized green MNPs have also been discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mutual funds have been the subject of inquiry and investigation by academics, researchers, and professionals in the field of finance. It is essential to the growth of the mutual fund industry that investors have a widespread readiness to accept mutual funds as a solid investment. Investors come from a wide range of socioeconomic backgrounds, and they also differ in terms of the rates of return they anticipate earning and the amount of risk they are ready to face. It is quite difficult to produce products that may fulfill the requirements of investors if one does not first determine the demographic and economic characteristics of these individuals. By analyzing the level of risk an investor is willing to take, one may infer the patterns of asset allocation they will use. When investing in mutual funds, it is essential to determine the factors and considerations that influence the investment decisions made by investors. The track records of mutual fund schemes are formed via the use of periodical performance evaluations. These reviews also act as an aggressive marketing technique for the purpose of obtaining cash from individual investors. The following are the objectives of the study to study the perception of the investors towards the mutual fund and to analyze the investors' behaviour towards mutual funds. The study is qualitative in nature carried out in during the month of August 2022. To understand the investors' perception towards the mutual funds, 250 sample respondents having investment in the mutual funds are purposively selected. The information is collected through Google forms and analyzed with the help of SPSS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study demonstrates the therapeutic potential of indole-3-butanoyl-polyethylenimine (IBP) nanostructures formed via self-assembly in aqueous system. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis confirmed the formation of the nanostructures in the size range of ~ 194–331 nm. These nanostructures showed commendable antimicrobial activity against wide range of microbes including multi-drug resistant bacteria. Besides, appreciable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were also observed. Results of cytotoxicity studies, performed on normal transformed human embryonic kidney (HEK 293) cells and human red blood cells (hRBCs), revealed almost non-toxic behavior of these nanostructures, however, remarkable toxicity on human breast cancer cells (MCF-7), human osteosarcoma cells (Mg63) and human liver cancer cells (HepG2) was observed. The pre-apoptotic and anti-proliferative activity of IBP nanostructures were confirmed by acridine orange/propidium iodide dual staining assay followed by confocal microscopy and scratch assay on Mg63 cells. Taken together, these results advocate the promising potential of the synthesized IBP nanostructures in the therapeutic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aging is a progressive, unalterable physiological degradation process of living organisms, which leads to deterioration of biological function and eventually to senescence. The most prevalent factor responsible for aging is the accumulation of damages resulting from oxidative stress and dysbiosis. D-galactose-induced aging has become a hot topic, and extensive research is being conducted in this area. Published literature has reported that the continuous administration of D-galactose leads to the deterioration of motor and cognitive skills, resembling symptoms of aging. Hence, this procedure is employed as a model for accelerated aging. This review aims to emphasize the effect of D-galactose on various bodily organs and underline the role of the Lactobacillus sp. in the aging process, along with its anti-oxidative potential. A critical consideration to the literature describing animal models that have used the Lactobacillus sp. in amending D-galactose-induced aging is also given. Key points: • D-Galactose induces the aging process via decreasing the respiratory chain enzyme activity as well as ATP synthesis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased ROS production. • D-Galactose induced aging primarily affects the brain, heart, lung, liver, kidney, and skin. • The anti-oxidative potential of Lactobacillus sp. in improving D-galactose-induced aging in animal models via direct feeding and feeding of Lactobacillus-fermented food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The association of microorganisms with livestock as endosymbionts, opportunists, and pathogens has been a matter of debate for a long time. Several livestock-associated bacterial and other microbial species have been identified and characterized through traditional culture-dependent genomic approaches. However, it is imperative to understand the comprehensive microbial network of domestic animals for their wellness, disease management, and disease transmission control. Since it is strenuous to provide a niche replica to any microorganisms while culturing them, thus a substantial number of microbial communities remain obscure. Metagenomics has laid out a powerful lens for gaining insight into the hidden microbial diversity by allowing the direct sequencing of the DNA isolated from any livestock sample like the gastrointestinal tract, udder, or genital system. Through metatranscriptomics and metabolomics, understanding gene expression profiles of the microorganisms and their molecular phenotype has become unchallenging. With large data sets emerging out of the genomic, metagenomic, and other meta-omics methods, several computational tools have also been developed for curation, assembly, gene prediction, and taxonomic profiling of the microorganisms. This review provides a detailed account of the beneficial and pathogenic organisms that dwell within or on farm animals. Besides, it highlights the role of meta-omics and computational tools in a comprehensive analysis of livestock-associated microorganisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cholesterol is essential for normal human health, but elevations in its serum levels have led to the development of various complications, including hypercholesterolemia (HC). Cholesterol accumulation in blood circulation formsplaques on artery walls and worsens the individuals' health. To overcome this complication, different pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches are employed to reduce elevated blood cholesterol levels. Atorvastatin and rosuvastatin are the most commonly used drugs, but their prolonged use leads to several acute side effects. In recent decades, the potential benefit of ingesting yogurt on lipid profile has attracted the interest of researchers and medical professionals worldwide. This review aims to give an overview of the current knowledge about HC and the different therapeutic approaches. It also discusses the health benefits of yogurt consumption and highlights the overlooked phyto-enrichment option to enhance the yogurt's quality. Finally, clinical studies using different phyto-enriched yogurts for HC management are also reviewed. Yogurt has a rich nutritional value, but its processing degrades the content of minerals, vitamins, and other vital constituents with beneficial health effects. The option of enriching yogurt with phytoconstituents has drawn a lot of attention. Different pre-clinical and clinical studies have provided new insights on their benefits on gut microbiota and human health. Thus, the yogurtphyto-enrichment with stanol and β-glucan have opened new paths in functional food industries and found healthy andeffective alternatives for HC all along with conventional treatment approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 4 years field study was conducted to improve nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) use efficiencies in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and precision N management. Split plot design was employed to rationalize N and P fertilizer use in two different experiments with AMF in the main plot and fertilizer application practice in the subplots. The AMF seed coating improved mycorrhization, root dry weight and P uptake. AMF coating of wheat seeds improved mean grain yield and agronomic efficiency of applied P fertilizer (AEP) by 11% and 55.4%, respectively. However, AMF seed coating did not improve chlorophyll content, normalized difference vegetative index, grain yield and agronomic efficiency of applied N fertilizer (AEN). Precision N management using leaf color chart (LCC), chlorophyll meter (SPAD), and GreenSeeker optical sensor (GS) sustained wheat grain yield equivalent to the soil-test based N fertilizer recommendation with 20–31 kg ha−1 less fertilizer N. Proximal sensing guided N use improved AEN by 21.9%–39.6% while mitigating global warming potential by 16%–24%. Integrated use of AMF seed coating and precision N management provides a potential solution to improve N and P nutrition and reduce environmental footprints of fertilizer N use in wheat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]