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This work presents an effective numerical approach to solving variable-order multi-dimensional fractional optimal control problems. Utilizing well-known formulas such as the variable-order Caputo derivative and variable-order Riemann–Liouville integral, we determine the variable-order operational matrices and product operational matrices for the fractional Chelyshkov wavelet. By using the operational matrices, the process of solving the variable-order multi-dimensional fractional optimal control problem is simplified to a system of algebraic equations. Finally, using the Lagrange multiplier technique, we obtain the approximate cost function based on determining the state and control functions. We establish the convergence analysis and error bounds for the proposed method. To check the veracity of the presented method, we solve some numerical examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a unique low profile double stubbed ground plane frequency reconfigurable circular monopole antenna is introduced. The ground plane contains two RF-PIN diodes that enable the antenna to be reconfigured in ultra-wideband (3.2-10.8 GHz) and dual frequency (2.8-4.01 GHz and 7.56-8.2 GHz) modes. The proposed antenna is designed using an FR-4 substrate with the dimension about 33×28×1.6 mm3. The impedance matching of the antenna at ultra-wideband operation is improved by a defected ground structure. The measured and simulated results of the antenna are in close agreement. This antenna is useful for cognitive radio application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aging is a multifaceted and progressive physiological change of the organism categorized by the accumulation of deteriorating processes, which ultimately compromise the biological functions. The objective of this study was to investigate the anti-aging potential of berberine (BBR) in D-galactose (D-Gal) induced aging in rat models. In this study, male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: The control group was given only vehicle, the BBR group was treated with berberine orally, the D-Gal group was treated with D-galactose subcutaneously and the BBR + D-Gal group was treated with D-galactose and berberine simultaneously. D-galactose exposure elevated the pro-oxidants such as malondialdehyde (MDA) level, protein carbonyl and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) in the brain. It decreased the anti-oxidants such as reduced glutathione (GSH) and ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) in the brain. D-galactose treatment also reduced the mitochondrial complexes (I, II, III and IV) activities and elevated the inflammatory markers such as interleukine-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α) and C-reactive protein (CRP). The mRNA expressions of IL-6 and TNF-α in the brain were upregulated following D-galactose exposure. Berberine co-treatment in D-galactose induced aging rat model prevented the alteration of pro-oxidant and anti-oxidant in the brain. Berberine treatment restored the mitochondrial complex activities in the brain and also normalized the inflammatory markers. Based on these findings we conclude that berberine treatment has the potential to mitigate brain aging in rats via stabilizing the redox equilibrium and neuroinflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key message: Thchit42 constitutive expression for fungal resistance showed synchronisation with leaf augmentation and transcriptome analysis revealed the Longifolia and Zinc finger RICESLEEPER gene is responsible for plant growth and development. Pelargonium graveolens essential oil possesses significant attributes, known for perfumery and aromatherapy. However, optimal yield and propagation are predominantly hindered by biotic stress. All biotechnological approaches have yet to prove effective in addressing fungal resistance. The current study developed transgenic geranium bridging molecular mechanism of fungal resistance and plant growth by introducing cassette 35S::Thchit42. Furthermore, 120 independently putative transformed explants were regenerated on kanamycin fortified medium. Primarily transgenic lines were demonstrated peak pathogenicity and antifungal activity against formidable Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Fusarium oxysporum. Additionally, phenotypic analysis revealed ~ 2fold increase in leaf size and ~ 2.1fold enhanced oil content. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms for genotypic cause, de novo transcriptional profiles were analyzed to indicate that the auxin-regulated longifolia gene is accountable for augmentation in leaf size, and zinc finger (ZF) RICESLEEPER attributes growth upregulation. Collectively, data provides valuable insights into unravelling the mechanism of Thchit42-mediated crosstalk between morphological and chemical alteration in transgenic plants. This knowledge might create novel opportunities to cultivate fungal-resistant geranium throughout all seasons to fulfil demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evolution of the universe in a modified gravity theory that includes the terms Ricci scalar (R$ R$) and the Gauss‐Bonnet invariant (G$\mathcal {G}$) is studied. The function f(R,G)$f(R,\mathcal {G})$ is obtained using the e‐folding number and reconstruction technique by assuming an appropriate parameterization of the scale factor a$ a$. In this model, the various cosmological parameters are analyzed to explicate the bouncing scenario of the universe with the help of the contraction and expansion phases of the universe before and after the bouncing point of the model, respectively. A violation of the null energy condition is found. Additionally, the ghost condensate nature of the model in the neighborhood of the bouncing point (t=0$ t=0$) is seen. Furthermore, the deceleration parameter is not defined at the bouncing point, i.e., q→∞$q \rightarrow \infty$ at t=0$t=0$ and approaches a finite value q→−1+1β$ q \rightarrow -1+\frac{1}{\beta }$ in later times (t→∞$t \rightarrow \infty$). Finally, the evolution of the Hawking temperature and the validity of the second law of thermodynamics in the bouncing scenario of our model are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Post-mastectomy pain Syndrome (PMPS), characterized by chronic neuropathic pain stemming from intercostobrachial nerve lesions, presents a formidable clinical challenge. With the incidence of breast cancer surging, effective interventions for PMPS are urgently needed. To address this, we conducted this double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial to study the efficacy of repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) therapy over the motor cortex on pain, quality of life and thermal sensitivity in PMPS patients. Methods: We delivered 15 rTMS sessions over three weeks in a cohort of 34 PMPS patients. These patients were allocated randomly to either rTMS therapy or sham therapy groups. Pain assessments, utilizing the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), alongside quality-of-life evaluations through the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B), were recorded before and after the 15 sessions. Additionally, we assessed thermal sensitivity using Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST). Results: Our findings demonstrate the superior efficacy of rTMS therapy (over sham therapy) in reducing VAS and SF-MPQ scores (p < 0.0001), improving physical (p = 0.037), emotional (p = 0.033), and functional well-being (p = 0.020) components of quality of life, as quantified by FACT-B. Our investigation also unveiled marked enhancements in thermal sensitivity within the rTMS therapy group, with statistically significant improvements in cold detection threshold (p = 0.0001), warm detection threshold (p = 0.0033), cold pain threshold (p = 0.0078), and hot pain tolerance threshold (p = 0.0078). Conclusion: The study underscores the profound positive impact of rTMS therapy on pain, quality of life, and thermal sensitivity in patients having PMPS, opening new avenues for pain management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the complexity of today's world, we might need to work with numbers requiring multi-attribute functions, such as those having positive, neutral, and negative membership and those having truth, indeterminacy, and falsity membership. Adding these numbers together to get a single real number is the most important factor. In situations like this, decision-makers have more difficult choices and are unable to apply the single attribute function of the soft set theory. To address this constraint, the hyper-soft set theory with multi-attribute functions is introduced. We combine the notion of neutrosophic hypersoft set with picture fuzzy hypersoft set to form a single theory of neutrosophic picture hypersoft set in this study. We introduce the notions of correlation coefficient and weighted correlation coefficient and demonstrate its fundamental properties for neutrosophic picture hypersoft set. Then, we introduce the notions of a weighted average operator and a weighted geometric operator for neutrosophic picture hypersoft set by using the various aggregation operators with a suitable example. Making decisions based on several factors and choosing the best option is multi-criteria decision-making or MCDM. When ranking and choosing options based on a distance metric, one essential and useful strategy is the Technique of order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS). We demonstrate the accuracy of the fuzzy TOPSIS methodology by extending it to neutrosophic fuzzy TOPSIS and using neutrosophic picture hypersoft set theory to describe the MCDM problem in this study. We provide a generalized neutrosophic TOPSIS approach to demonstrate correlation coefficients and the effectiveness of this approach with an appropriate example. Finally, we offer a comparison to prior studies to demonstrate the viability of the proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Curcumin (Curcuma longa) is a well-known medicinal plant that induces autophagy in various model species, helping maintain cellular homeostasis. Its role as a caloric restriction mimetic (CRM) is being investigated. This study explores the potential of curcumin (CUR), as a CRM, to provide neuroprotection in D galactose induced accelerated senescence model of rats through modulation of autophagy. For six weeks, male rats received simultaneous supplementation of D-gal (300 mg/kg b.w., subcutaneously) and CUR (200 mg/kg b.w., oral). Method and results: The oxidative stress indices, antioxidants, and electron transport chain complexes in brain tissues were measured using standard methods. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) gene expression analysis was used to evaluate the expression of autophagy, neuroprotection, and aging marker genes. Our results show that curcumin significantly (p ≤ 0.05) enhanced the level of antioxidants and considerably lowered the level of oxidative stress markers. Supplementing with CUR also increased the activity of electron transport chain complexes in the mitochondria of aged brain tissue, demonstrating the antioxidant potential of CUR at the mitochondrial level. CUR was found to upregulate the expression of the aging marker gene (SIRT-1) and the genes associated with autophagy (Beclin-1 and ULK-1), as well as neuroprotection (NSE) in the brain. The expression of IL-6 and TNF-α was downregulated. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that CUR suppresses oxidative damage brought on by aging by modulating autophagy. These findings imply that curcumin might be beneficial for neuroprotection in aging and age-related disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The systematic identification of insertion/deletion (InDel) length polymorphisms from the entire lentil genome can be used to map the quantitative trait loci (QTL) and also for the marker-assisted selection (MAS) for various linked traits. The InDels were identified by comparing the whole-genome resequencing (WGRS) data of two extreme bulks (early- and late-flowering bulk) and a parental genotype (Globe Mutant) of lentil. The bulks were made by pooling 20 extreme recombinant inbred lines (RILs) each, derived by crossing Globe Mutant (late flowering parent) with L4775 (early flowering parent). Finally, 734,716 novel InDels were identified, which is nearly one InDel per 5,096 bp of lentil genome. Furthermore, 74.94% of InDels were within the intergenic region and 99.45% displayed modifier effects. Of these, 15,732 had insertions or deletions of 20 bp or more, making them amenable to the development of PCR-based markers. An InDel marker I-SP-356.6 (chr. 3; position 356,687,623; positioned 174.5 Kb from the LcFRI gene) was identified as having a phenotypic variance explained (PVE) value of 47.7% for earliness when validated in a RIL population. Thus, I-SP-356.6 marker can be deployed in MAS to facilitate the transfer of the earliness trait to other elite late-maturing cultivars. Two InDel markers viz., I-SP-356.6 and I-SP-383.9 (chr. 3; linked to LcELF3a gene) when tested in 9 lentil genotypes differing for maturity duration, clearly distinguished three early (L4775, ILL7663, Precoz) and four late genotypes (Globe Mutant, MFX, L4602, L830). However, these InDels could not be validated in two genotypes (L4717, L4727), suggesting either absence of polymorphism and/or presence of other loci causing earliness. The identified InDel markers can act as valuable tools for MAS for the development of early maturing lentil varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of various advancements, ongoing management, intellectual capacity, item sensors, and incorporated frameworks have all contributed to idea behind the internet of things. Due to the energy limitations of the majority of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, more and more developers are choosing to create IoT systems based on group communication. A safe and reliable authenticated group secret key is essential for complete group communication in these applications. As the resource-constrained character and widespread use of the Internet of Things (IoT) provide a significant problem for IoT application security. In this paper, using elliptic curve and bi-linear paring, we provide a Blockchain based lightweight authenticated key agreement and access control protocol for group communication. We also proved the secrecy of the protocol in the random-oracle paradigm and give a thorough heuristic security assessment to verify that our protocol is safe from all possible threats and offers the required security features. Furthermore, functional implementation using NS-3 simulation expose that presented protocol is applicable for real-life IoT environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioactive borosilicate glasses having weight composition (74-X) SiO2, 16 Na2O, 10 B2O3 and (X) V2O5 (wt%), where (X = 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 4 wt %) were synthesized using the conventional melting procedure. Bioactive glass samples were melted in a platinum crucible of 50 ml capacity at 1400 °C in the globular furnace with air as the furnace atmosphere and kept hold for 2 h. These glasses were characterised and tested by using several experiment techniques like XRD, FTIR, SEM and EDX. The bioactivity of the borosilicate samples was determined by submerging them in simulated body fluid (SBF) for different time intervals. The developed hydroxy apatite (HA) was identified by FTIR, XRD, SEM and EDX technique. The obtained results demonstrate that the in-vitro bioactivity of the samples increases with the increase in V2O5 doping in samples. Various properties like density, compressive strength and electrical properties are determined. Physical and mechanical properties are improved after V2O5 doping. Electrical properties are improved after SBF doping, and the result shows the ion movement due to increased bioactivity. The in-vitro hemocompatibility and cellular compatibility on MG-63 cell lines were carried out. It was found that samples were compatible with human blood. Cellular proliferation is increased with increasing concentration of V2O5. However beyond 0.5% V2O5 doping the value of bioactivity decreases at higher concentrations of samples in culture media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Lower Vindhyan (Semri) Group substantially consists of unmetamorphosed and undeformed sedimentary sequences of Palaeoproterozoic age. A detailed geochemical study has been carried out to infer the paleoenvironment and the source of REEs for the Palaeoproterozoic Kajrahat Limestone, Vindhyan Supergroup, Central India. This study investigates the geochemical composition of major, trace and rare earth elements (REEs). The studied limestones, have a high percentage of CaO (ranging from 30.87 to 48.59) implies that calcite was the primary mineral phase in these carbonates. SiO2 is second most abundant major oxide. Sr is dominant trace element showing a negative correlation with CaO. All trace elements exhibit depletion with respect to Post-Archean Australian Shale (PAAS). The PAAS-normalized REE pattern of studied limestone has a relatively uniform pattern, with slightly enriched LREE compared to HREE with negative Ce anomaly. Collectively, low concentration of U and U/Th, Ce/Ce* ratios clearly indicates an oxic depositional condition for the samples. The ΣREE shows a positive correlation with SiO2, TiO2 and Al2O3 (r2 = 0.87, 0.84and 0.91 respectively) and a week positive correlation with CaO (r2 = 0.12) suggested that siliciclastic sediments also serve as a source for the REEs beside seawater. This, in turn, indicates that the deposition of this limestone occurred in a coastal/shallow marine environment with some contribution from continental part. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atlanto-occipital assimilation is an osseous embryological anomaly of the craniovertebral junction in which the atlas (C1) is fused to the occiput of skull. Embryologically, this assimilation may happen due to failure of the segmentation and separation of the caudal occipital and the cranial cervical sclerotome. The segmentation clock is maintained by NOTCH and WNT signalling pathways along with Hox genes and retinoic acid. This condition is likely to be a consequence of mutation in above mentioned genes. The knowledge of this assimilation may be crucial for the clinicians as it may lead to various neurovascular symptoms. The present case report involves the analysis of atlanto-occipital assimilation with its clinical significance and embryological basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exitrons are exonic introns. This subclass of intron retention alternative splicing does not contain a Pre-Terminating stop Codon. Therefore, when retained, they are always a part of a protein. Intron retention is a frequent phenomenon predominantly found in plants, which results in either the degradation of the transcripts or can serve as a stable intermediate to be processed upon induction by specific signals or the cell status. Interestingly, exitrons have coding ability and may confer additional attributes to the proteins that retain them. Therefore, exitron-containing and exitron-spliced isoforms will be a driving force for creating protein diversity in the proteome of an organism. This review establishes a basic understanding of exitron, discussing its genesis, key features, identification methods and functions. We also try to depict its other potential roles. The present review also aims to provide a fundamental background to those who found such exitronic sequences in their gene(s) and to speculate the future course of studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The field of injectable hydrogels has demonstrated a paramount headway in the myriad of biomedical applications and paved a path toward clinical advancements. The innate superiority of hydrogels emerging from organic constitution has exhibited dominance in overcoming the bottlenecks associated with inorganic-based hydrogels in the biological milieu. Inorganic hydrogels demonstrate various disadvantages, including limited biocompatibility, degradability, a cumbersome synthesis process, high cost, and ecotoxicity. The excellent biocompatibility, eco-friendliness, and manufacturing convenience of organo-hydrogels have demonstrated to be promising in therapizing biomedical complexities with low toxicity and augmented bioavailability. This report manifests the realization of biomimetic organo-hydrogels with the development of bioresponsive and self-healing injectable organo-hydrogels in the emerging pharmaceutical revolution. Furthermore, the influence of click chemistry in this regime as a backbone in the pharmaceutical conveyor belt has been suggested to scale up production. Moreover, we propose an avant-garde design stratagem of developing a hyaluronic acid (HA)-based injectable organo-hydrogel via click chemistry to be realized for its pharmaceutical edge. Ultimately, injectable organo-hydrogels that materialize from academia or industry are required to follow the standard set of rules established by global governing bodies, which has been delineated to comprehend their marketability. Thence, this perspective narrates the development of injectable organo-hydrogels via click chemistry as a prospective elixir to have in the arsenal of pharmaceuticals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many plants possess immense pharmacological properties because of the presence of various therapeutic bioactive secondary metabolites that are of great importance in many pharmaceutical industries. Therefore, to strike a balance between meeting industry demands and conserving natural habitats, medicinal plants are being cultivated on a large scale. However, to enhance the yield and simultaneously manage the various pest infestations, agrochemicals are being routinely used that have a detrimental impact on the whole ecosystem, ranging from biodiversity loss to water pollution, soil degradation, nutrient imbalance and enormous health hazards to both consumers and agricultural workers. To address the challenges, biological eco-friendly alternatives are being looked upon with high hopes where endophytes pitch in as key players due to their tight association with the host plants. The intricate interplay between plants and endophytic microorganisms has emerged as a captivating subject of scientific investigation, with profound implications for the sustainable biosynthesis of pharmaceutically important secondary metabolites. This review delves into the hidden world of the "secret wedlock" between plants and endophytes, elucidating their multifaceted interactions that underpin the synthesis of bioactive compounds with medicinal significance in their plant hosts. Here, we briefly review endophytic diversity association with medicinal plants and highlight the potential role of core endomicrobiome. We also propose that successful implementation of in situ microbiome manipulation through high-end techniques can pave the way towards a more sustainable and pharmaceutically enriched future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Central Arctic, interglacial intervals have traditionally been associated with diverse and intense bioturbation, and abundant foraminifera, interpreted as indicating relatively low sea-ice concentrations and productive surface waters, while glacial intervals, typically barren, support the inverse. In this respect, the Yermak Plateau is anomalous. Biomarker studies suggest that glacial intervals were characterized by comparatively open water, while interglacials are marked by severe sea-ice conditions. Here we study downcore Ethological Ichno Quotient (EIQ) variations in trace fossils and bioturbation to test the hypothesis that different ethological classes vary in accordance with late Pleistocene changes in sea-ice extent, with deposit feeders increasing during reduced sea-ice cover and chemosymbiotic traces increasing during periods of thick perennial sea-ice conditions. Our results generally demonstrate that the abundance of traces like Planolites, Scolicia, and burrows produced by deposit feeders increase during episodes of seasonal sea-ice cover. In contrast, intervals with more severe sea-ice conditions are characterized by chemosymbiotic traces such as Chondrites and Trichichnus/Mycellia, suggesting lower food delivery and poorly ventilated bottom water conditions. The study thus confirms previous reconstructions of sea-ice conditions on the Yermak Plateau during interglacials, demonstrating that bioturbation variation provides insights into bentho-pelagic coupling under variable sea ice regimes in the Arctic Ocean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research focuses on the factors that barriers and foster (drivers) digital innovation and entrepreneurship amongst small businesses operating in the Handicraft industry after the economic downturn. From the perspective of new Indian craft entrepreneurs, digital and innovative entrepreneurship is crucial to surviving the crisis. It will eventually encourage the development of the handmade goods market and the artisanal reconfiguration as a business. In this study, the qualitative method was used. For the creation of themes, Inductive content analysis (analytical, inductive technique) was used to interview fifty online handicraft business owners who rely on their craft talents for income. After the pandemic, two types of motivation were generated for handmade entrepreneurs. The first motivation was extrinsic, which conditioned the handicraft market, restricted mobility, and upgraded household status for entrepreneurship. The second was intrinsic motivation among the craft entrepreneurs who generated individual and professional skill growth. These two factors encouraged digital craft innovations and entrepreneurial advancement of transitioning handicraft companies to digital platforms. After the interview, respondents explained several hindrances or restrictions, market interruption, and quality internet. Even after that, it resolved as the effect of the pandemic reduced and digital skill training for innovation and entrepreneurship passion increased for developing a robust programme that supports the handicraft new entrepreneurs after the economic calamities. This finding contributes to the area of investigation and contributes to entrepreneurship literature. This study will open the route for making the policy and development of solid strategic plans for the handicraft sector's new craft entrepreneurs. With the help of innovative and digital entrepreneurs, small-scale or craft industries will boost the Indian economy and give some of the best suggestions for global economies. For developing economies, this study will also empower entrepreneurs to open new dimensions for marketing, supply chain, and exportation and will finally increase the Globalisation of handmade products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) is one of the important warm-season food legumes, contributing substantially to nutritional security and environmental sustainability. The genetic complexity of yield-associated agronomic traits in mungbean is not well understood. To dissect the genetic basis of phenological and agronomic traits, we evaluated 153 diverse mungbean genotypes for two phenological (days to heading and days to maturity) and eight agronomic traits (leaf nitrogen status using SPAD, plant height, number of primary branches, pod length, number of pods per plant, seeds per pod, 100-seed weight, and yield per plant) under two environmental conditions. A wide array of phenotypic variability was apparent among the studied genotypes for all the studied traits. The broad sense of heritability of traits ranged from 0.31 to 0.95 and 0.21 to 0.94 at the Delhi and Ludhiana locations, respectively. A total of 55,634 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were obtained by the genotyping-by-sequencing method, of which 15,926 SNPs were retained for genome-wide association studies (GWAS). GWAS with Bayesian information and linkage-disequilibrium iteratively nested keyway (BLINK) model identified 50 SNPs significantly associated with phenological and agronomic traits. In total, 12 SNPs were found to be significantly associated with phenological traits across environments, explaining 7%-18.5% of phenotypic variability, and 38 SNPs were significantly associated with agronomic traits, explaining 4.7%-27.6% of the phenotypic variability. The maximum number of SNPs (15) were located on chromosome 1, followed by seven SNPs each on chromosomes 2 and 8. The BLAST search identified 19 putative candidate genes that were involved in light signaling, nitrogen responses, phosphorus (P) transport and remobilization, photosynthesis, respiration, metabolic pathways, and regulating growth and development. Digital expression analysis of 19 genes revealed significantly higher expression of 12 genes, viz. VRADI01G08170, VRADI11G09170, VRADI02G00450, VRADI01G00700, VRADI07G14240, VRADI03G06030, VRADI02G14230, VRADI08G01540, VRADI09G02590, VRADI08G00110, VRADI02G14240, and VRADI02G00430 in the roots, cotyledons, seeds, leaves, shoot apical meristems, and flowers. The identified SNPs and putative candidate genes provide valuable genetic information for fostering genomic studies and marker-assisted breeding programs that improve yield and agronomic traits in mungbean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The assessment of skin sensitizing properties of chemicals has moved away from animal methods to new approach methodologies (NAM), guided by qualitative mechanistic understanding operationalized in an adverse outcome pathway (AOP). As with any AOP, the molecular initiating event (MIE) of covalent binding of a chemical to skin proteins is particularly important. This MIE has been modelled by several test methods by measuring the reaction of a test chemical with model peptides in chemico. To better understand the similarities and differences, a data repository with publicly available data for the direct peptide reactivity assay (DPRA), amino acid derivative reactivity assay (ADRA) and kinetic DPRA (kDPRA), as well as the peroxidase peptide reactivity assay (PPRA) was assembled. The repository comprises 260 chemicals with animal and human reference data, data on four relevant physicochemical properties, and between 161 to 242 test chemical results per test method. First, an overview of the experimental conditions of the four test methods was compiled allowing to readily compare them. Second, data analyses demonstrated that the test methods' predictivity was consistently reduced for poorly watersoluble chemicals and that the DPRA and ADRA can be used interchangeably. It also revealed new categorization thresholds for the DPRA and ADRA that are potentially relevant for strategic uses. In summary, a detailed assessment of reactivity test methods is provided, highlighting their potential and limitations. The results presented are intended to stimulate scientific discussion around test methods modelling the MIE of the skin sensitization AOP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L.) is recognized as a highly drought-tolerant legume. However, excessive consumption of its seeds and green tissues causes neurolathyrism, a condition characterized by an irreversible paralysis of the legs induced by a neurotoxin amino acid called β-N-oxalyl-L-α, β- diaminopropionic acid (β-ODAP). The present study investigated the effects of heat, and combined heat + drought during the reproductive phase on physiological and phenological parameters, yield-related factors, ODAP content, and seed protein of 24 genotypes representing 11 Lathyrus species under controlled conditions. Analysis of variance revealed a highly significant effect (p < 0.001) of stress treatments and genotypes for all the traits. In general, heat stress individually or in combination with drought expedited phenology, reduced relative leaf water content, stimulated proline synthesis, and influenced chlorophyll concentration; the effects were more severe under the combined heat + drought stress. ODAP content in seeds ranged from 0.06 to 0.30% under no-stress conditions. However, under heat stress, there was a significant increase of 33% in ODAP content, and under combined stress (heat + drought), the increase reached 83%. Crude protein content ranged from 15.64 to 28.67% among no stress plants and decreased significantly by 23% under heat stress and by 36% under combined stress. The findings of this study also indicated substantial reductions in growth and grain yield traits under both heat stress and combined heat + drought stress. Six accessions namely IG 66026, IG 65018, IG 65687, IG 118511, IG 64931, and IG65273 were identified as having the most favorable combination of yield, protein content, and seed ODAP levels across all conditions. ODAP content in these six accessions varied from 0.07 to 0.11% under no stress and remained at moderate levels during both heat stress (0.09–0.14%) and combined stress (0.11–0.17%). IG 66026 was identified as the most stable genotype under drought and heat stress conditions with high protein content, and low ODAP content. By identifying those promising accessions, our results have established a basis for forthcoming grasspea breeding initiatives while paving the way for future research exploration into the fundamental mechanisms driving ODAP variation in the presence of both heat and drought stress conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is a revolutionary technique for integrating the IT infrastructure of healthcare organisations with medical apps and equipment. Rapid advancements in this approach in recent years have resulted in game-changing improvements in the healthcare system, illness management, and patient care standards. Both achievements have been made possible by the Internet of Medical Things. People can use the IoMT to access a variety of cloud-based services, including file sharing, patient monitoring, data collection, information gathering, and hospital cleaning. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs), which collect and transmit data, are critical to system operation. In the healthcare system, patients' privacy and security must be preserved at all costs. Wireless data transmission from these cutting-edge devices may have been intercepted and manipulated without consent. The hybrid and improved (Elliptic Curve Cryptography ECC) Energy-Efficient Routing Protocol (EERP) method, which is based on the elliptic curve encryption protocol, may provide enough protection for sensitive information. ECC-EERP uses pairs of public and private keys known only to each other to decode and encrypt data delivered across a network. As a result, the energy needed to sustain WSNs has dropped. To assess the efficacy of the recommended plan, we did an extensive study and compared our findings to the many other viable courses of action. We did the analysis while taking a variety of aspects into account. The study's findings and conclusion all point to the strategy's ability to significantly increase energy efficiency and security. ECCEERP is a novel encryption method that increases data security while consuming less energy. Because of its efficacy in improving the whole healthcare system, this strategy has a lot of potential for the future of patient care, illness management, and healthcare delivery in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past ten years, microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (micro-PADs) have attracted a lot of attention as a viable analytical platform. It is expanding as a result of advances in manufacturing processes and device integration. Conventional microfluidics approaches have some drawbacks, including high costs, lengthy evaluation times, complicated fabrication, and the necessity of experienced employees. Hence, it is extremely important to construct a detection system that is quick, affordable, portable, and efficient. Nowadays, micro-PADs are frequently employed, particularly in electrochemical analyses, to replicate the classic standard laboratory experiments on a miniature paper chip. It has benefits like rapid assessment, small sample consumption, quick reaction, accuracy, and multiplex function. The goal of this review is to examine modern paper microfluidics-based electrochemical sensing devices for the detection of macromolecules, small molecules, and cells in a variety of real samples. The design and fabrication of micro-PADs using conventional and the latest techniques have also been discussed in detail. Lastly, the limitations and potential of these analytical platforms are examined in order to shed light on future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is most common in women of reproductive age, giving rise to androgen excess and anovulation, leading to infertility and non‐reproductive complications. We explored the ameliorating effect of naringenin in PCOS using the Sprague Dawley (SD) rat model and human granulosa cells. Letrozole‐induced PCOS rats were given either naringenin (50 mg/kg/day) alone or in combination with metformin (300 mg/kg/day), followed by the estrous cycle, hormonal analysis, and glucose sensitivity test. To evaluate the effect of naringenin on granulosa cell (hGC) steroidogenesis, we treated cells with naringenin (2.5 μM) alone or in combination with metformin (1 mM) in the presence of forskolin (10 μM). To determine the steroidogenesis of CYP‐17A1, ‐19A1, and 3βHSD2, the protein expression levels were examined. Treatment with naringenin in the PCOS animal groups increased ovulation potential and decreased cystic follicles and levels of androgens. The expression levels of CYP‐17A1, ‐19A1, and 3βHSD2, were seen restored in the ovary of PCOS SD rats' model and in the human ovarian cells in response to the naringenin. We found an increased expression level of phosphorylated‐AKT in the ovary and hGCs by naringenin. Naringenin improves ovulation and suppress androgens and cystic follicles, involving AKT activation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Crop domestication and the subsequent expansion of crops have long been thought of as a linear process from a wild ancestor to a domesticate. However, evidence of gene flow from locally adapted wild relatives that provided adaptive alleles into crops has been identified in multiple species. Yet, little is known about the evolutionary consequences of gene flow during domestication and the interaction of gene flow and genetic load in crop populations. We study the pseudo-cereal grain amaranth that has been domesticated three times in different geographic regions of the Americas. We quantify the amount and distribution of gene flow and genetic load along the genome of the three grain amaranth species and their two wild relatives. Our results show ample gene flow between crop species and between crops and their wild relatives. Gene flow from wild relatives decreased genetic load in the three crop species. This suggests that wild relatives could provide evolutionary rescue by replacing deleterious alleles in crops. We assess experimental hybrids between the three crop species and found genetic incompatibilities between one Central American grain amaranth and the other two crop species. These incompatibilities might have created recent reproductive barriers and maintained species integrity today. Together, our results show that gene flow played an important role in the domestication and expansion of grain amaranth, despite genetic species barriers. The domestication of plants was likely not linear and created a genomic mosaic by multiple contributors with varying fitness effects for today's crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iron and zinc malnutrition is a global humanitarian concern that mostly affects newborns, children, and women in low- and middle-income countries where plant-based diets are regularly consumed. This kind of malnutrition has the potential to result in a number of immediate and long-term implications, including stunted growth, an elevated risk of infectious diseases, and poor development, all of which may ultimately cause children to not develop to the fullest extent possible. A determination of the contributions from genotype, environment, and genotype by environment interactions is necessary for the production of nutrient-dense lentil varieties that offer greater availability of iron and zinc with a high level of trait stability. Understanding the genotype and environmental parameters that affect G x E (Genotype x Environment) interactions is essential for plant breeding. We used GGE(Genotype, Genotype x Environment interactions) and AMMI (Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction) models to study genetic stability and GE(Genotype x Environment interactions) for grain Fe, Zn, Al, and anti-nutritional factors like phytic acid content in sixteen commercially produced lentil cultivars over several different six geographical locations across India. Significant genetic variability was evident in the Fe and Zn levels of different genotypes of lentils. The amounts of grain iron, zinc, and phytic acid varied from 114.10 to 49.90 mg/kg, 74.62 to 21.90 mg/kg, and 0.76 to 2.84 g/100g (dw) respectively. The environment and GE (Genotype x Environment interactions) had an impact on the concentration of grain Fe, Zn, and phytic acid (PA). Heritability estimations ranged from low to high (53.18% to 99.48%). The study indicated strong correlation between the contents of Fe and Zn, a strategy for simultaneously increasing Fe and Zn in lentils may be recommended. In addition, our research revealed that the stable and ideal lentil varieties L4076 (Pusa Shivalik) for Fe concentration and L4717 (Pusa Ageti) for Zn content, which have lower phytic acid contents, will not only play an essential role as stable donors in the lentil bio-fortification but will also enable the expansion of the growing area of bio-fortified crops for the security of health and nutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salinity is a significant concern in crop production, causing severe losses in agricultural yields. Ocimum sanctum, also known as Holy Basil, is an important ancient medicinal plant used in the Indian traditional system of medicine. The present study explores the use of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase-producing strains of plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) namely Str-8 (Halomonas desiderata), Sd-6 (Brevibacterium halotolerans), Fd-2 (Achromobacter xylosoxidans), Art-7 (Burkholderia cepacia), and Ldr-2 (Bacillus subtilis), and T. harzianum (Th), possessing multi-functional properties like growth promotion, stress alleviation, and for enhancing O. sanctum yield under salt stress. The results showed that co-inoculation of Th and PGPBs enhanced plant height and fresh herb weight by 3.78–17.65% and 7.86–58.76%, respectively; highest being in Th + Fd-2 and Th + Art-7 compared to positive control plants. The doubly inoculated plants showed increased pigments, phenol, flavonoids, protein, sugar, relative water content, and nutrient uptake (Nitrogen and Phosphorous) as compared to monocultures and untreated positive control plants. In addition, co-inoculation in plants resulted in lower Na+, MDA, H2O2, CAT, APX activities, and also lower ACC accumulation (49.75 to 72.38% compared to non-treated salt- stressed plant) in O. sanctum, which probably played a significant role in minimizing the deleterious effects of salinity. Finally, multifactorial analysis showed that co-inoculation of Th and PGPBs improved O. sanctum growth, its physiological activities, and alleviated salt stress compared to single inoculated and positive control plants. These microbial consortia were evaluated for the first time on O. sanctum under salt stress. Therefore, the microbial consortia application could be employed to boost crop productivity in poor, marginalized and stressed agricultural fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The utility of the Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology is debatable in determining the risk of malignancy in pediatric patients. Moreover, the upper age limit for defining the pediatric group has varied across different studies. The aim of this study is to compare the risk of malignancy (ROM) and risk of neoplasia (RON) across different Bethesda categories between the pediatric, young adult, and adult patients. Methods: This is a retrospective multi-institutional study performed in three Indian hospitals. ROM was calculated and compared across Bethesda categories in adult (>18 years) and pediatric age groups (≤18 years), with a subgroup analysis in young adults (19–21 years). Results: Thyroid nodules from a total of 5958 patients were subjected to fine needle aspiration. Of these 199 were pediatric (3.3%) and follow-up histology was available in 2276. The ROM and RON rates, including overall ROM/RON, were significantly higher in pediatric age group as compared to adults. Overall ROM of suspicious for malignancy and malignant categories was higher in children as compared to adults. The overall surgical resection rates were also higher in pediatric patients (45.2% vs. 35.7%; p < 0.01). The similar trend of increased ROM, RON and resection rates was seen among young adults as compared to adult age group. Conclusion: Thyroid nodules presenting in children are more likely to be malignant than those in adults. Importantly, the young adult group behaved in a similar manner with regard to surgical resection rates, ROM and RON to pediatric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Vascular wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lentis Vasu. and Srini. is a serious disease of lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus), causes severe yield losses worldwide. For effective disease resistance breeding the inheritance and mapping of wilt resistance gene (s) is necessary. Therefore, the present investigation was focused on study the mode of inheritance and tag/map gene (s) for fusarium wilt resistance in lentil. Methods: Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) approach was used to identify markers that were tightly linked to Fusarium wilt resistance gene. The inheritance and mapping of wilt-resistance gene (s) in lentil was investigated in F2 and F2:3 populations derived from L9-12×ILL10965 cross, whereas L9-12 and ILL10965 were susceptible and resistant parents, respectively. Result: More than two hundreds SSRs markers were surveyed for the parental polymorphism, of which twenty nine were found polymorphic. These polymorphic SSRs were used for the bulked-segregant analysis (BSA) using both parents and its respective resistant and susceptible bulks, and three SSRs viz. PBALC233, PBALC1409 and PBALC203 could distinguish the respective bulks. Linkage analysis showed two SSR markers, PBALC203 and PBALC1409 flanking the wilt resistance gene at 8.2 cM and 9.4 cM distance, respectively. Further, PBLAC233 was also found present on the same linkage group at a distance of 10.2 cM from PBLAC1409. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: Small RNAs (sRNAs) such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are short 20–24‐nucleotide non‐coding RNAs. They are key regulators of gene expression in plants and other organisms. Several 22‐nucleotide miRNAs trigger biogenesis cascades of trans‐acting secondary siRNAs, which are involved in various developmental and stress responses. Here we show that Himalayan Arabidopsis thaliana accessions having natural mutations in the miR158 locus exhibit robust cascade silencing of the pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR)‐like locus. Furthermore, we show that these cascade sRNAs trigger tertiary silencing of a gene involved in transpiration and stomatal opening. The natural deletions or insertions in MIR158 led to improper processing of miR158 precursors, thereby blocking synthesis of mature miR158. Reduced miR158 levels led to increased levels of its target, a pseudo‐PPR gene that is targeted by tasiRNAs generated by the miR173 cascade in other accessions. Using sRNA datasets derived from Indian Himalayan accessions, as well as overexpression and knockout lines of miR158, we show that absence of miR158 led to buildup of pseudo‐PPR‐derived tertiary sRNAs. These tertiary sRNAs mediated robust silencing of a gene involved in stomatal closure in Himalayan accessions lacking miR158 expression. We functionally validated the tertiary phasiRNA that targets NHX2, which encodes a Na+‐K+/H+ antiporter protein, thereby regulating transpiration and stomatal conductance. Overall, we report the role of the miRNA–TAS–siRNA–pseudogene–tertiary phasiRNA–NHX2 pathway in plant adaptation. Significance Statement: A natural variant of the miR158 locus of west Himalayan Arabidopsis thaliana shows miRNA‐driven cleavage of a pseudogene, and abolished activity of the miRNA leads to tertiary phasiRNA biogenesis. One such phasiRNA targets a gene that regulates growth and development in A. thaliana. The present study describes negative regulation of phasiRNA biogenesis by a miRNA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Legumes can fix atmospheric nitrogen (N) and facilitate N availability to their companion plants in crop mixtures. However, biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) of legumes in intercrops varies largely with the identity of the legume species. The aim of our study was to understand whether BNF and concentration of plant nutrients by common bean is influenced by the identity of the companion plant species in crop mixtures. In this greenhouse pot study, common beans were cultivated with another legume (chickpea) and a cereal (Sorghum). We compared BNF, crop biomass and nutrient assimilation of all plant species grown in monocultures with plants grown in crop mixtures. Results: We found beans to exhibit low levels of BNF, and to potentially compete with other species for available soil N in crop mixtures. The BNF of chickpeas however, was enhanced when grown in mixtures. Furthermore, biomass, phosphorous and potassium values of chickpea and Sorghum plants were higher in monocultures, compared to in mixtures with beans; suggesting competitive effects of beans on these plants. Concentration of calcium, magnesium and zinc in beans was higher when grown with chickpeas than with Sorghum. Conclusions: It is generally assumed that legumes benefit their companion plant species. Our study highlights the contrary and shows that the specific benefits of cereal-legume mixtures are dependent on the growth rate of the species concerned. We further highlight that the potential of legume-legume mixtures is currently undervalued and may play a strong role in increasing N use efficiency of intercrop-based systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this communication, the time series data of three major countries USA, France, and Japan from 1965 to 2020 for CO2 emission, GDP, and nuclear energy (NE) are evaluated. It also analyzed and validated the EKC hypothesis while using nuclear energy for electricity generation. Fourier ARDL is used to investigate the hypothesis criteria, and the Fourier bootstrap Toda-Yamamoto (FBTY) causality test is used for causal linkage between the variables as well as the wavelet coherence; it is also presented the time and frequency dependency of the variables. The CO2 mitigation by using the NE is also assessed for all three countries and assessed that the France, Japan, and USA mitigated the CO2 per year is 0.0463 million metric ton (MMT), 0.0239 and 0.0728 MMT per year respectively. Similar to that the SO2 is reduced by using the NE is 24.322, 43.527, and 132.592 MMT/year, and NOx is reduced by approximately 0.2847, 0.147, and 0.4478 MMT/year by France, Japan, and USA respectively by applying the NE for power generation. The evidence of the EKC, Fourier bootstrap and Toda-Yamamoto clarifies the important role of nuclear energy in terms of carbon mitigation to achieve UN net zero carbon emission by 2050. Hence, in order to meet the UN target of net zero carbon emission by 2050, the USA and Japan should increase the production of nuclear energy as France meets its 74.1% energy demand through NE by validating the EKC hypothesis; on the other hand, all the three countries should increase the production of tidal energy due to their geographical location as tides are much more predictable than wind and sun keeping in consideration to the expenses incurred and a full proof plan for disposing NE residuals in a safe place as NE residuals are highly radioactive and contains traces of thorium and uranium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In obese humans, Coleus forskohlii root extract (CF) protects against weight gain owing to the presence of forskolin, an adenylate cyclase (AC) activator. As AC increases intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels in osteoblasts that has an osteogenic effect, we thus tested the skeletal effects of a standardized CF (CFE) in rats. Methods: Concentrations of forskolin and isoforskolin were measured in CFE by HPLC. CFE and forskolin (the most abundant compound present in CFE) were studied for their osteogenic efficacy in vitro by alkaline phosphatase (ALP), cAMP and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) assays. Femur osteotomy model was used to determine the osteogenic dose of CFE. In growing rats, CFE was tested for its osteogenic effect in intact bone. In adult ovariectomized (OVX) rats, we assessed the effect of CFE on bone mass, strength and material. The effect of forskolin was assessed in vivo by measuring the expression of osteogenic genes in the calvarium of rat pups. Results: Forskolin content in CFE was 20.969%. CFE increased osteoblast differentiation and intracellular cAMP and cGMP levels in rat calvarial osteoblasts. At 25 mg/kg (half of human equivalent dose), CFE significantly enhanced calcein deposition at the osteotomy site. In growing rats, CFE promoted modeling-directed bone formation. In OVX rats, CFE maintained bone mass and microarchitecture to the level of sham-operated rats. Moreover, surface-referent bone formation in CFE treated rats was significantly increased over the OVX group and was comparable with the sham group. CFE also increased the pro-collagen type-I N-terminal propeptide: cross-linked C-telopeptide of type-I collagen (PINP : CTX-1) ratio over the OVX rats, and maintained it to the sham level. CFE treatment decreased the OVX-induced increases in the carbonate-to-phosphate, and carbonate-to-amide-I ratios. CFE also prevented the OVX-mediated decrease in mineral crystallinity. Nanoindentation parameters, including modulus and hardness, were decreased by OVX but CFE maintained these to the sham levels. Forskolin stimulated ALP, cAMP and cGMP in vitro and upregulated osteogenic genes in vivo. Conclusion: CFE, likely due to the presence of forskolin displayed a bone-conserving effect via osteogenic and anti-resorptive mechanisms resulting in the maintenance of bone mass, microarchitecture, material, and strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elucidation of structure and dynamics of alternative higher-order structures of DNA such as in branched form could be targeted for therapeutics designing. Herein, we are reporting the intrinsically dynamic and folds transitions of an unusual DNA junction with sequence d(CGGCGGCCGC)4 which self-assembles into a four-way DNA junction form with sticky ends using long interval molecular simulations under various artificial physiological conditions. The original crystal structure coordinates (PDB ID: 3Q5C) for the selected DNA junction was considered for a total of 1.1 μs molecular dynamics simulation interval, including different temperature and pH, under OPLS-2005 force field using DESMOND suite. Following, post-dynamics structure parameters for the DNA junction were calculated and analyzed by comparison to the crystal structure. We show here that the self-assembly dynamics of DNA junction is mitigated by the temperature and pH sensitivities, and discloses peculiar structural properties as function of time. From this study it can be concluded on account of temperature sensitive and pH dependent behaviours, DNA junction periodic arrangements can willingly be synthesized and redeveloped for multiple uses like genetic biomarkers, DNA biosensor, DNA nanotechnology, DNA Zipper, etc. Furthermore, the pH dis-regulation behaviour may be used to trigger the functionality of DNA made drug–releasing nanomachines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The #MeToo movement in India has reignited the debate on the role of companies as employers to prevent and address instances of sexual misconduct against their employees, and ensure their safety at workplaces. This paper examines the recent changes to India's corporate and securities law to incorporate provisions mandating compliance with workplace anti-sexual harassment law by companies. We also discuss how Indian companies' and securities' law requires disclosure of compliance with Indian sexual harassment law. We have examined sections on sexual harassment related disclosures in companies' Directors' Annual Reports to demonstrate their compliance with the Indian workplace sexual harassment law. Our analysis reveals that many companies 'claimed' to have formulated workplace-based anti-sexual harassment policies and constituted an internal complaint committee (ICC). However, there are significant lacunae in companies' reporting on several important aspects related to preventive workplace-related sexual harassment policy enforcement and practices, including measures taken towards gender sensitization and awareness creation and, composition and functioning of the internal committees. In this regard, companies are either providing ambiguous, vague and defensive explanations or too insufficient or no information at all. Our findings also point out that corporate policies on sexual harassment still remains largely 'women-centric' for a significant number of companies. Many companies are yet to make their policies gender-neutral by recognising workplace-based sexual harassment as an offence which does not necessarily mean as 'men the perpetrators' and 'women the victims.' We conclude by determining how the law may be improvised to increase accountability of the companies to report on their anti-sexual harassment policies and working of the Internal Complaints Committee (ICC). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The existing structural framework of defining gender and sexuality based on heteronormative ideology led to the succession of the notions of stigma, prejudice, and hate towards the sexual and gender minority population. The presence of strong scientific evidence for the negative consequences of discriminatory and violent events has directed the association with mental and emotional distress. This study aims to comprehend the role of minority stress in emotional regulation and suppression among the sexual minority population globally using systematic review of literature through elaborate Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Summary: The analyses of the sorted literature premised on the PRISMA guidelines revealed that minority stress mediates the emotion regulation processes among the individuals who witness continuous episodes of discrimination and violence leading to emotional dysregulation and emotion suppression. Studies also reported the dominance of various health-risk behaviors such as alcohol addiction, drug abuse, and other forms of intoxication among sexual minority individuals. Increased instances of anxiety, stress, depression, and suicidal ideations were prominent in the findings of the empirical research suggesting an intricate role of minority stress in advancing the faulty emotion suppression and mental health concerns among the sexual and gender minority population. Key message: Minority stressors among sexual and gender minority individuals mediate emotion suppression and mental distress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]