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This paper applies the market map tool to the Nepalese biomass improved cookstove (ICS) sector highlighting existing weaknesses in government policy and biomass cookstove market chains to provide recommendations to better address the social, economic, and cultural needs of users. This addresses the problem of low adoption rates of biomass ICS in Nepal. Our research objectives set out to explore the effectiveness of market maps designed for East Africa's ICS sector (Stevens et al. [2019]. "Market Mapping for Improved Cookstoves: Barriers and Opportunities in East Africa." Development in Practice) in Nepal, co-develop a revised market map for Nepal's biomass ICS sector, conduct a parallel process for institutional-scale biomass ICS and draw on the co-produced market map to inform policy and regulatory frameworks relating to biomass-fuelled ICS. The methodological approach involved reviewing cookstove-related policy documents and regulatory frameworks, undertaking 31 semi-structured interviews, analysing findings from an Institutional Top-Loading Down-Draft (TLUD) Natural Draft Gasifier Pilot study and co-developing the final market map in collaboration with key ICS stakeholders. The results indicate that although government policy actively promotes biomass ICS, this often results in cookstove "stacking" rather than the sustained and exclusive use of clean cooking solutions necessary to promote health benefits. Attention is also focused on the underdeveloped nature of the institutional cookstove market. Our conclusions highlight the usefulness of market maps with a monitoring and evaluation element for identifying barriers to clean cooking uptake and facilitating product improvement by integrating end-user feedback. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Imagining people is crucial to the work of psychotherapists and fiction writers. By analysing how practitioners of both crafts use the word 'concrete', however, I find that writing and therapy diverge widely in their modes of imagining others. Therapists apply concrete to patients who are thought unable to symbolize, hard to treat, and lacking in imaginative capacity, whilst writers use concrete to denote quite the opposite: symbolic potency and meaning‐making. By analysing this use of concrete, and exploring the rich history of the word – including the introduction of material concrete into the modern world, and the alchemists' use of the word in their search for the philosophers' stone – I find that the current application of concrete by therapists denies a great wealth of potential which is much‐needed in our demanding work. Driven by research in sensory neuroscience, I suggest we consider mind, brain, and person to encompass both polarities of concrete, and thus two different forms of imagination. By using both forms with 'concrete' patients, we may discover new ways of imagining others and responding to them, going beyond the concrete fixities of our own theories to pay due reverence to the concrete realities of another person. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Writing up session notes is essential to therapists' practice, yet the literature on psychotherapeutic writing focuses almost exclusively on more complex tasks, such as preparing case studies or pieces for publication. Nonetheless, problems with writing up seem widespread: this article finds that 85% of trainees report difficulty. Such 'session block' has not before been defined. Given the absence of well-accepted psychotherapeutic tools to overcome such block, and given that writing sessions is a challenge of representation - a phenomenon well described in the world of art - this article appropriates methods from aesthetic theory to address the problem. Applying first the Classical aesthetic metaphor of art-as-mirror, the pressure on therapists to produce a clear likeness of the session is explored, and the mirror metaphor is found to be as oppressive as it is widely accepted. By contrast, a revolutionary metaphor from the Romantic era, namely art-as-lamp, wherein the poet casts an inner creative light over the world, holds promise in overcoming countertransferential blocks and permitting an imaginative write-up. This too, though, has drawbacks, and the article concludes by proposing a method which, by integrating metaphors, permits a free-flowing write-up of the session, both creatively rich and clinically accurate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Set against the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 7, and the need to increase biomass Improved Cookstove (ICS) adoption and sustained use across the globe, this paper presents an evaluation of Practical Action Nepal's (PAN) Results Based Financing for Improved Cookstove Market Development in Nepal (RBF) project, which was conducted between January and April 2020. Nepal has a long history of International Development assistance, yet 65.8% of rural households still use firewood as their primary source of energy. With this in mind we aimed to understand the barriers, enablers and engagement strategies for the adoption and sustained use of Improved Cookstoves (ICS), map key stakeholder role perceptions and interactions, and identify areas for improvement to increase the sustained use of ICS in the focus communities. This paper uses the methodological approach from the qualitative Technology Implementation Model for Energy (TIME) for the data collection and analysis elements. Our core results show a direct need for improved communication between all key stakeholder groups, the impact of demand and supply side financial incentives in creating reputational risk for community-based key stakeholders, and how the RBF mechanism promotes initial end-user adoption but not sustained use of ICS due to a focus on immediate results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]