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Addressing latency concerns and ensuring high-quality video services in Heterogeneous Mobile Adhoc Networks (H-MANETs) are paramount challenges. This paper presents a pioneering solution: the Pre-emptive Priority Queueing based Multipath Routing algorithm (PPQM). Our approach prioritizes video traffic within OpenFlow switches, directing it across multiple paths in H-MANETs. Integrating the PPQ module within Cluster Heads operating in the software-defined networking (SDN) architecture is central to our design. We rigorously evaluate delay for each path by employing an M/M/1 queueing policy based on a Poisson arrival process and an exponential service time distribution. Utilizing Burke's theorem, our calculation spans the entire route from the cluster head to a sink node. By meticulously assessing the delay characteristics of individual paths, our model facilitates the selection of the most optimal path to minimize overall delay and enhance network performance. Our proposed model amalgamates clustering, FIFO with M/M/1 queueing, and SDN techniques. In a comprehensive evaluation against existing technologies, the implementation of PPQM demonstrates superior performance in crucial Quality of Service (QoS) metrics, including end-to-end delay, queue size, waiting time, throughput, and response time. Furthermore, our research achieves a significant 4.2% improvement in QoS metrics compared to contemporary approaches, highlighting the effectiveness of the PPQM algorithm in enhancing network performance. This research contributes a robust solution for advancing QoS in H-MANETs, demonstrating the efficacy of the PPQM algorithm compared to contemporary approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India had faced three waves throughout the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which had already impacted economic lives and affected the healthcare setting and infrastructure. The widespread impacts have inspired researchers to look for clinical indicators of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection prognosis. Cyclic threshold values have been used to correlate the viral load in COVID-19 patients and for viral transmission. In light of this correlation, a retrospective study was conducted to assess the trend of viral load in clinical and demographic profiles across the three waves. Data of a total of 11,125 COVID-19-positive patients were obtained, which had a Ct value of <35. We stratified Ct values as follows: under 25 (high viral load), 25-30 (moderate viral load), and over 30 (low viral load). We found a significantly high proportion of patients with high viral load during the second wave. A significantly high viral load across the symptomatic and vaccinated populations was found in all three waves, whereas a significantly high viral load across age groups was found only in the first wave. With the widespread availability of real-time PCR and the limited use of genomic surveillance, the Ct value and viral load could be a suitable tool for population-level monitoring and forecasting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of the present study was to design and evaluate two MeVisLab networks, one for co-registration of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) images and second for cropping the co-registered PET/CT images. Materials and Methods: Two MeVisLab networks, one to co-register and export PET/CT DICOM images and second for cropping the co-registered PET/CT images were designed using different modules of registration toolkit MERIT. One hundred and twenty-five PET/CT studies were exported from Siemens and GE scanners in DICOM format. These images were co-registered and cropped with our designed networks. The images co-registered with our network were compared visually with the co-registered images of same PET/CT studies on vendor provided workstations by an experienced nuclear medicine physician (NMP). The perfection of the cropping of co-registered images was also assessed visually. Results: Visually, NMP found all 125 images co-registered using the network designed in our study similar to the co-registered images of vendor provided workstations. Furthermore, the cropping of all co-registered images was perfectly done by our network. Conclusion: Two MeVisLab networks designed and evaluated in the present study can be used for co-registration of PET/CT DICOM images and cropping the co-registered PET/CT images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of a wide range of high- and low-resolution devices renders the images to experience changes in respect to aspect ratio and size for better adaptability. This paper proposes a novel and effective technique that vanquishes the problems encountered in the conventional seam carving method. To achieve minimum distortion in salient objects of the image, the proposed technique restricts intersection or overlapping of multiple seams in the horizontal and vertical direction and bypasses them to the neighboring low energy pixel. The proposed technique hinders the pixel selection from a single row or column beyond the defined threshold so as to save the image information and reduce distortion at a single location. To justify the effectiveness of the proposed technique, results have been presented in comparison with the five state-of-the-art image retargeting techniques. Compared with the conventional techniques, this technique shows remarkable results in terms of low distortion percentage. The proposed technique also produces excellent results for shrinkage and enlargement of a single image multiple times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evolution of image retargeting technique demands the exploitation of multi‐operators since they are capable of preserving the structure and salient objects of the image. However, these multi‐operators are mostly based on seam carving with scaling or cropping operators which lead to significant distortions in the retargeted image. This study proposes a new multi‐operator scheme which has improved seam carving, through the proposed seam diversion based image retargeting algorithm, integrated with the cropping and warping operator. A total of six different multi‐operator schemes have been proposed out of which the MO6 technique gave remarkable results in terms of image quality, least distortion, and lowest run‐time. To simplify image retargeting operations, an optimised image distance function was used. The optimised image distance function was formulated which combines bidirectional image Euclidean distance, dominant colour descriptor, and an energy‐based coefficient to bypass seams from the point where seams start clashing and hence the defined threshold violates. By integrating cropping and warping into the proposed algorithm, it preserves the salient features of the retargeted images. Typical results have been presented which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed methods. User‐based subjective analysis has also been carried out which shows that image retargeted using the MO6 technique has high user preference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we have proposed and validated that histogram of a good‑quality bone scan image can enhance a poor‑quality bone scan image. The histograms of two good‑quality technetium-99m methyl diphosphonate bone scan images I A and I B recommended by nuclear medicine physicians (NMPs) were used to enhance 87 poor‑quality bone scan images. Processed images and their corresponding input images were compared visually by two NMPs with scoring and also quantitatively using entropy, Structural similarity index measure, edge‑based contrast measure, and absolute brightness mean error. Barnard’s unconditional test was applied with a null hypothesis that the histogram of both I A and I B produces similar output image at α =0.05. The mean values of quantitative metrices of the processed images obtained using I A and I B were compared using Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Histogram of a good‑quality bone scan image can enhance a poor‑quality bone scan image. Visually, histogram of I B improved statistically significantly higher proportion (P < 0.0001) of images (86/87) as compared to histogram of I A (51/87). Quantitatively, I B performed better than I A, and the Chi‑square distance of input and I B was smaller than that of I A . In addition, a statistically significant (P < 0.05) difference in all the quantitative metrics among the outputs obtained using I A and I B was observed. In our study, reference histogram of good‑quality bone scan images transformed the majority of poor‑quality bone scan images (98.85%) into visually good‑quality images acceptable by NMPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast cancer is a public health problem. A tumor can be of two types benign or malignant. In benign tumors do not spread to other parts of the body, but malignant tumors can spread to other parts of the body and it is cancerous. Early stage detection is the effective method to reduce the mortality rates. MRI, Ultra sound imaging, Computerized Tomography (CT) imaging etc are certain imaging techniques for breast examination. In current situation among these techniques mammography is an effective method for the radiologist to detect the breast cancer. This paper survey on concept of breast cancer and brief survey on various techniques for breast cancer detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]