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: Helicobacter pylori resistance to clarithromycin, probably due to the frequent use of this antibiotic for the treatment of other diseases, is the greatest obstacle against its eradication. : To clarify the prevalence of clarithromycin-resistant H. pylori in patients with non-tuberculous mycobacterial lung disease receiving multiple antibiotic treatment, including clarithromycin. : We enrolled 88 patients with non-tuberculous mycobacterial lung disease; 29 underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection prior to treatment, and 60 underwent it during treatment. The diagnosis of H. pylori infection was confirmed by histological examination, urease test and microaerobic bacterial culture. The minimum inhibitory concentration of clarithromycin was determined and the DNA was analysed for each of the isolated H. pylori strains. : Patients during the treatment had a high prevalence rate of clarithromycin-resistant H. pylori (100%). Analysis of DNA of the clarithromycin-resistant H. pylori isolates revealed point mutations at A2142G or A2143G. Moreover, a linear correlation was found between the total cumulative dose of clarithromycin and the minimum inhibitory concentration. : All patients with non-tuberculous mycobacterial lung disease being treated long-term with multiple antibiotics, including clarithromycin, harboured clarithromycin-resistant H. pylori in the stomach. Therefore, eradication of H. pylori before commencement of long-term therapy including clarithromycin should be recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An autopsy case of pseudosarcoma in the common bile duct is reported. An 82-year-old Japanese male complaining of jaundice was admitted to our hospital; he was examined by abdominal ultrasonography (US), revealing biliary calculus, dilatation of the common bile duct, and choledocholithiasis, considered to be the possible cause of the obstructive jaundice. Endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage (ERBD) and cholangioscopy were performed concurrently, revealing a vaguely whitish tumor near the papilla of Vater. Two months later, the patient died from complications of the liver, infection, and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). An autopsy study revealed tumor cells with extreme pleomorphic changes, growing diffusely, very like sarcoma. Further examination revealed epithelioid arrangements in the metastatic lymph node. Twelve kinds of immunohistochemical examination showed a positive reaction, reflecting the presence of an epithelioid cytoskeleton. Of 28 cases of true and pseudosarcoma of the biliary system reported in the Japanese literature, only 1 case was reported, in 1990, to involve the common bile duct. We therefore report the present case of pseudosarcoma of the common bile duct. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The distribution behavior of pertechnetate and tetrachloronitridotechnetate(VI) with tetraphenylarsonium chloride (TPAC) was highly affected in the presence of 3,5-dichlorophenol(3,5-DCP). In both cases the distribution ratios of the technetium complexes decrease with an increase in the concentration of 3,5-DCP and no synergistic effect was observed. These features could quantitatively be explained by the formation of an associated complex of TPAC and 3,5-DCP in chloroform solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT- The effect of colchicine on spontaneous in vitro contractions of bile canaliculi was assessed using time-lapse cinephotomicrography. Colchicine 2.5 μM and/or taurocholate 5 μM were added to the culture medium. The experiment was long-term, lasting for 13 h. Frame-by-frame analysis revealed that colchicine, after a lag period of 4 h, suppressed the number of contractions over the remainder of the 13-h experimental period, even in the presence of taurocholate (p<0.001). The number of contractions per hour decreased in both the colchicine and combined colchicine-plus-taurocholate-treated groups compared to untreated and taurocholate-treated controls. These results do not necessarily mean that colchicine has an effect on the contractile process per se, since the contractions, when they occurred, appeared normal. It is likely that the canalicular motility events are related to bile secretion. The reduction in contractions after a lag period likely indicates that secretion is impaired, and hence the need for contractions is reduced. These results support the view that for normal canalicular bile secretory function, microtubules as well as a normal microfilament system are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We are in the midst of a technological revolution that has the potential to transform management education. The author proposes Virtual Reality (VR) as a pedagogical tool to teach students about workplace harassment. Specifically, this article describes the development and application of two open access VR simulations that are designed to increase students' awareness of sexism and racism at work. These simulations replicate a complex organizational environment and teach students the skills necessary to intervene when they experience or observe workplace harassment. In addition, they provide students with an opportunity to apply their knowledge in a safe and controlled environment. Data from 25 pilot study participants indicate that the VR simulations are impactful, engaging, immersive, and realistic and are able to evoke students' emotions during the decision-making process. Finally, this article elaborates on how to use VR in the classroom and discuses its implications for teaching and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Female rowers may be at risk of eating disorders and high weight pressure. Aim: The purpose of the study was to investigate the prevalence of disordered eating symptoms and weight-related pressure and the associations with self-concept, psychological well-being, socio-demographic data, experience, performance level and body composition in female fixed-bench rowers. Methods: Female rowers (n = 208; age ranged mean ± SD 23.6 ± 6.5 years) completed the SCOFF scale, Weight-Pressures in Sport-Females (WPS-F), Physical Self-Concept Questionnaire and the Ryff scales of psychological well-being and provided information on their experience and level of competition. In a subgroup of 115 athletes, body composition was assessed using bioimpedance. Results: It was found that 42.3% of the athletes scored ≥ 2 on SCOFF and mean ± SD value of WPS-F score was 3.65 ± 0.82. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that self-concept of strength and pressure from teammates and the uniform were associated with higher ED symptoms, whereas better psychological well-being in terms of autonomy, self-concept of attractiveness, and age were protective factors for ED symptoms. BMI, athletes' physical condition, strength, and experience were associated with more weight-related pressure and better self-concept of attractiveness and physical well-being of autonomy were significantly associated with less pressure. In body composition analysis, higher extra cellular water, self-acceptance, and physical condition were associated with more weight-related pressure in female rowers, being attractiveness and the environmental mastery protective elements. Conclusions: The prevalence of ED symptomatology and weight-related pressure are high in female fixed bench rowing. The psychological factors of well-being and self-concept, team environment, body image concerns and body composition analysis should be considered to promote healthy eating behaviours in female rowers. Plain English summary: Athletes may be at increased risk of developing disordered eating behaviours that, if persistent, may lead to a diagnosis of an eating disorder. This can affect their health in the short and long term. The risk factors are many, and perceived weight-related pressures and psychological attitudes towards body image, appearance and concerns are less well understood. Female rowers are at high risk for eating disorder symptoms, and athletes' self-concept of strength and pressure from teammates and the uniform were associated as negative factors for eating disorder symptoms. On the other hand, better psychological well-being in terms of autonomy, self-concept of attractiveness and age were protective factors for eating disorder symptoms. Weight pressure was associated with higher body mass index, water retention, physical condition, strength and experience, whereas better self-concept of attractiveness and physical well-being were significantly associated with less pressure. Weight pressure and psychological attitudes towards body image have the role of protective/facilitating factors against the development of eating disorders. They should be taken into account when designing prevention and intervention programmes for athletes, coaches, parents and technical staff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drug absorption via chylomicrons holds significant implications for both pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. However, a mechanistic understanding of predicting in vivo intestinal lymphatic uptake remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to delve into the intestinal lymphatic uptake of drugs, investigating both enhancement and inhibition using various excipients through our previously established in vitro model. It also examined the applicability of the model by assessing the lymphatic uptake enhancement of a lymphotropic formulation with linoleoyl polyoxyl-6 glycerides using the same model. The model successfully differentiated among olive, sesame, and peanut oils in terms of lymphatic uptake. However, it did not distinguish between oils containing long-chain fatty acids and coconut oil. Coconut oil, known for its abundance of medium-chain fatty acids, outperformed other oils. This heightened uptake was attributed to the superior emulsification of this oil in artificial chylomicron media due to its high content of medium-chain fatty acids. Additionally, the enhanced uptake of the tested formulation with linoleoyl polyoxyl-6 glycerides underscored the practical applicability of this model in formulation optimization. Moreover, data suggested that increasing the zeta potential of Intralipid® using sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and decreasing it using (+/−) chloroquine led to enhanced and reduced uptake in the in vitro model, respectively. These findings indicate the potential influence of the zeta potential on intestinal lymphatic uptake in this model, though further research is needed to explore the possible translation of this mechanism in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dark pigmented snow and glacier ice algae on glaciers and ice sheets contribute to accelerating melt. The biological controls on these algae, particularly the role of viruses, remain poorly understood. Giant viruses, classified under the nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDV) supergroup (phylum Nucleocytoviricota), are diverse and globally distributed. NCLDVs are known to infect eukaryotic cells in marine and freshwater environments, providing a biological control on the algal population in these ecosystems. However, there is very limited information on the diversity and ecosystem function of NCLDVs in terrestrial icy habitats. Results: In this study, we investigate for the first time giant viruses and their host connections on ice and snow habitats, such as cryoconite, dark ice, ice core, red and green snow, and genomic assemblies of five cultivated Chlorophyta snow algae. Giant virus marker genes were present in almost all samples; the highest abundances were recovered from red snow and the snow algae genomic assemblies, followed by green snow and dark ice. The variety of active algae and protists in these GrIS habitats containing NCLDV marker genes suggests that infection can occur on a range of eukaryotic hosts. Metagenomic data from red and green snow contained evidence of giant virus metagenome-assembled genomes from the orders Imitervirales, Asfuvirales, and Algavirales. Conclusion: Our study highlights NCLDV family signatures in snow and ice samples from the Greenland ice sheet. Giant virus metagenome-assembled genomes (GVMAGs) were found in red snow samples, and related NCLDV marker genes were identified for the first time in snow algal culture genomic assemblies; implying a relationship between the NCLDVs and snow algae. Metatranscriptomic viral genes also aligned with metagenomic sequences, suggesting that NCLDVs are an active component of the microbial community and are potential "top-down" controls of the eukaryotic algal and protistan members. This study reveals the unprecedented presence of a diverse community of NCLDVs in a variety of glacial habitats dominated by algae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hideo Fukumi (1914–1998) is renowned for his position as the director of Japan's National Institute of Health and his scientific contributions to the fields of bacteriology, virology and epidemiology. This article introduces Fukumi's career cultivated over decades in the Japanese national medical system and focuses on his research on Shigella, Salmonella and influenza. Yet any assessment of his career also has to take into account the considerable controversy and scandal it engendered. This necessary reassessment situates Fukumi's contribution within what has been revealed of Japan's biological weapons programme which reached its zenith during the Second World War. Very few scientists, including Fukumi, were prosecuted for their roles in this programme. Contrarily, they became core personnel in post-war medical research due to the patronage of the United States–Japan alliance in the context of the Cold War. Controversies that later surfaced over Fukumi's role in influenza immunisation campaigns reflect two currents of debate: A belated reckoning with Japan's use of biological weapons and the way this was 'normalised' and overlooked in the post-war period. The role of Japanese scholars and citizens' movements who have interrogated Japanese war crimes and the U.S. cover-ups and made a demand for greater ethical transparency in medical science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document contains a collection of abstracts from various studies and research papers related to eating disorders. The abstracts cover a range of topics, including treatment outcomes, comorbidities, psychological factors, interventions, and the impact of external factors such as social media and the COVID-19 pandemic. The studies provide valuable insights into different aspects of eating disorders and their treatment, highlighting the need for multidisciplinary approaches, tailored interventions, and further research in this field. [Extracted from the article]

The pore-type hydrate reservoirs in the permafrost region of the Qilian Mountains (PRQM) have complex characteristics, including low porosity, low permeability, high shale content, and conductive minerals. Currently, the research on the electrical properties of these reservoirs still needs to be sufficiently in depth, and there are limitations in well-logging evaluation methods. To fill in this gap, a conductivity model of pore-type gas hydrate reservoirs (GHRs) is established based on the pore-combination modeling theory to investigate the influencing factors of the resistivity characteristics of GHRs through numerical simulations. The comparison between the laboratory-measured resistivity of different hydrate saturations and the results of the calculated model shows good agreement, indicating the accuracy of the conductivity model in describing the electrical characteristics of GHRs in the PRQM. Compared to conductive minerals, the numerical simulation results indicate that the high shale content is the main reason for the decrease in resistivity of pore-type GHRs in the study area. The hydrate saturation evaluation of well DK-3 from 386.3 to 393.6 m depth shows that the hydrate saturation ranges from 5.1 to 66.4%, with an average value of 44.0%. The identified hydrate interval using this model is consistent with the actual hydrate interval encountered during the drilling. This study, as an innovation, can help clarify the conductive mechanism of pore-type GHRs in the PRQM and provide more accurate parameters for evaluating gas hydrate resources in the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spindle and giant cell type undifferentiated carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile duct is an uncommon malignancy. We report a case involving the common bile duct in a 72-year-old male with jaundice who was admitted to our hospital. Diagnostic imaging, including abdominal computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, revealed a mass in the distal common bile duct, accompanied by dilatation of both intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts and regional lymph node enlargement. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography demonstrated stenosis in the distal common bile duct, with a biopsy confirming adenocarcinoma. The patient underwent endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage followed by a subtotal stomach-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy with regional lymphadenectomy. Microscopic examination revealed that the tumor predominantly comprised spindle and giant atypical cells within the stroma. Immunohistochemical analysis showed the tumor cells expressing cytokeratins and mesenchymal markers, confirming the diagnosis of spindle and giant cell type undifferentiated carcinoma of the common bile duct. Ki-67 labeling index was observed to be above 80%. Postoperatively, intra-abdominal lymph node recurrence was noted at two months, and multiple liver metastases were identified at three months. The patient died seven months post-surgery. The literature pertaining to this rare disease is reviewed and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unhealthy cognitive–emotional relationships with exercise can hinder positive treatment outcomes when left unaddressed. However, clinicians lack validated tools to monitor this aspect of treatment. This study examined the 14-item Intuitive Exercise Scale with 165 patients in the United States (Mage = 26.48 years) who were receiving treatment for an eating disorder. The original factor structure was inadequate for the current sample, and exploratory factor analysis generated three factors—emotional exercise, body intuition, and exercise variety. The three-factor solution yielded strong internal consistency and partial support for the scale's validity. Furthermore, patients scored lowest in body intuition, confirming low awareness of bodily cues common in patients with eating disorders. This study informs how clinicians may integrate and monitor patients' cognitive–emotional relationship with exercise as part of holistic and intuitive eating disorder treatment approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents several abstracts of articles on pediatric exercise. 'Oxygen Utilization and Hemodynamic Response During Exercise in Children After Fontan Procedure' by T. Miyairi, M. Kawauchi, S. Takamoto, O. Morizuki, and A. Furuse; 'Ulnar Variance and Skeletal Maturity of Radius and Ulna in Female Gymnasts' by G. Beunen, R.M. Malina, A.L. Claessens, J. Lefevre, and M. Thomis.

Hepatocytes form bile canaliculi that dynamically respond to the signalling activity of bile acids and bile flow. Little is known about their responses to intraluminal pressure. During embryonic development, hepatocytes assemble apical bulkheads that increase the canalicular resistance to intraluminal pressure. Here, we investigate whether they also protect bile canaliculi against elevated pressure upon impaired bile flow in adult liver. Apical bulkheads accumulate upon bile flow obstruction in mouse models and patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Their loss under these conditions leads to abnormally dilated canaliculi, resembling liver cell rosettes described in other hepatic diseases. 3D reconstruction reveals that these structures are sections of cysts and tubes formed by hepatocytes. Mathematical modelling establishes that they positively correlate with canalicular pressure and occur in early PSC stages. Using primary hepatocytes and 3D organoids, we demonstrate that excessive canalicular pressure causes the loss of apical bulkheads and formation of rosettes. Our results suggest that apical bulkheads are a protective mechanism of hepatocytes against impaired bile flow, highlighting the role of canalicular pressure in liver diseases. Synopsis: Hepatocytic apical bulkheads protect bile canaliculi against dilation and hepatocyte rosette formation upon elevated canalicular pressure. These findings highlight the significance of canalicular pressure in liver diseases and the protective role of apical bulkheads in the adult liver. Apical bulkheads accumulate in response to bile flow obstruction in mouse models and patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC).Subsequent loss of apical bulkheads results in abnormally dilated canaliculi, resembling hepatocyte rosettes observed in other hepatic diseases.3D reconstruction in PSC patients reveals that hepatocyte rosettes are sections of cysts and tubes formed by hepatocytes that occupy significant amounts of the network throughout the central‐to‐portal vein axis.Loss of apical bulkheads and rosette formation is primarily driven by increased elevated pressure and not bile acid signalling as demonstrated in experiments using primary hepatocytes and 3D organoids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cryoconite holes (CHs) are water-filled cylindrical holes with cryoconite (dark-coloured sediment) deposited at their bottoms, forming on ablating ice surfaces of glaciers and ice sheets worldwide. Because the collapse of CHs may disperse cryoconite on the ice surface, thereby decreasing the ice surface albedo, accurate simulation of the temporal changes in CH depth is essential for understanding ice surface melt. We established a novel model that simulates the temporal changes in CH depth using heat budgets calculated independently at the ice surface and CH bottom based on hole-shaped geometry. We evaluated the model with in situ observations of the CH depths on the Qaanaaq ice cap in northwestern Greenland during the 2012, 2014, and 2017 melt seasons. The model reproduced the observed depth changes and timing of CH collapse well. Although earlier models have shown that CH depth tends to be deeper when downward shortwave radiation is intense, our sensitivity tests suggest that deeper CH tends to form when the diffuse component of downward shortwave radiation is dominant, whereas CHs tend to be shallower when the direct component is dominant. In addition, the total heat flux to the CH bottom is dominated by shortwave radiation transmitted through ice rather than that directly from the CH mouths when the CH is deeper than 0.01 m. Because the shortwave radiation transmitted through ice can reach the CH bottom regardless of CH diameter, CH depth is unlikely to be correlated with CH diameter. The relationship is consistent with previous observational studies. Furthermore, the simulations highlighted that the difference in albedo between ice surface and CH bottom was a key factor for reproducing the timing of CH collapse. It implies that lower ice surface albedo could induce CH collapse and thus cause further lowering of the albedo. Heat component analysis suggests that CH depth is governed by the balance between the intensity of the diffuse component of downward shortwave radiation and the turbulent heat transfer. Therefore, these meteorological conditions may be important factors contributing to the recent surface darkening of the Greenland ice sheet and other glaciers via the redistribution of CHs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Labour mobility and subsequent workers migration is an increasing trend worldwide and can be a force that counteracts Canada's shortage of skilled labour. Supercommuting allows workers facing economic challenges to pursue more financially advantageous work opportunities in other regions. This study aimed to evaluate the "supercommuting" labour mobility model and its impact on long-distance mobile workers' mental health and wellbeing. We utilized a non-experimental research design using convenience sampling from workers who participated in Blue Branch Inc.'s (Hamilton, Canada) supercommuting labour mobility model. An online questionnaire collected demographic data, work-related data, occupational stress measures related to burnout, and job-related stress data. Data collection was started on 1 April 2021, and of the total 58 participants, the majority (44, 76%) were male, born outside Canada, and had an average age of 32.8 years. Workplace Safety (95%), full-time employment opportunity (95%), career advancement possibility (95%), and income and benefits (94.9%) were found to be the most crucial factors to keep study participants working in their current position. Of the 47 participants who experienced burnout, only one showed severe burnout in each domain (personal, work-related, and colleague-related). There is a great need for preventative burnout programs and supportive employer resources for those who engage in long-distance labour commuting. The study emphasizes the need to encourage policymakers to develop solutions for training future Ontario workers to support mobile employment and long-distance labour commuting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Eating Disorders is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The unique catalytic properties of enzymes have led to the production of useful medicinal intermediates, foods, and biofuels from sustainable sources. However, the instability of soluble/free enzymes under several challenging conditions (e.g., pH, proteolysis, temperature, ionic potential, chemical denaturants) restricts the use of enzyme-based biocatalysts. Encapsulation of enzymes on suitable carriers would mitigate the instability issues faced in robust biocatalysis. An "ideal" carrier material employed for protein immobilization should be nontoxic, scalable, biocompatible, and should not compromise the biological activity and structure of proteins/enzymes. Thus, biodegradable and renewable biomass-derived functional materials (BDFMs) are envisaged as promising carriers for enzymes. BDFMs have in-built chemical functionalities and desirable physicochemical properties that enable their use in enzyme catalysis at the industrial scale. Numerous BDFMs have been used as immobilization matrices to improve the biocatalytic activity and stability of various enzymes. These solid materials are renewable and environmentally friendly compared with synthetic polymers. This review highlights the advancements, challenges and prospects in the emerging field of BDFMs (cellulose, silk protein, chitin, chitosan, lignocellulose, and a combination of biopolymers such as chitin/lignin and chitosan/alginate) for immobilization of enzymes (e.g., α-chymotrypsin, cytochrome c, carbonic anhydrase, glucose oxidase, ribonuclease, cholesterol oxidase, alkaline phosphatase, β-glucosidase, lipase, horseradish peroxidase, catalase, tyrosinase, acetylcholinesterase, amylase, invertase, protease, laccase, β-galactosidase, and several others) for biocatalytic processes. This review also describes the relationship between the structural properties and functionality of several enzymes immobilized in BDFMs, and profiles the impact of pH, temperature, reusability, stability of storage, and the activity of these enzymes. Future perspectives in this promising field, as well as potential difficulties, are discussed. This review will help in refining biocatalysis technologies whereby biomass-derived, environmentally friendly materials are employed as enzyme supports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to compare disordered eating (DE), body image, and sociocultural and coach-related pressures between athletes of different age groups (adolescents and adults) and between athletes participating in weight-sensitive (WS) and less WS groups. A total of 1003 athletes participated in this study. The age range of the sample was 15 to 44 years, and the mean age was 18.9 ± 5.8 years (51.3% were female). Athletes who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study were provided with the study measures on DE, body image and sociocultural attitudes towards appearance. Vomiting, laxative misuse and excessive exercise were more prevalent in adolescent female athletes than adults, while dietary restraint was more common in adult male athletes than adolescents. Adolescent female athletes experienced higher sociocultural (family, peers) and sport-related (coach) pressures and a less positive body image compared with adult female athletes. Adult male athletes experienced higher overweight preoccupation, more DE and unhealthy eating habits, and engaged in more frequent self-weighing behaviour compared with adolescent males. When the effect of weight sensitivity in sports was tested, a higher prevalence of DE and overweight preoccupation, more frequent self-weighing, and higher body-image-related pressure from coaches were observed in female athletes participating in aesthetic weight-sensitive (WS) sports as compared with those participating in less WS sports. No differences in positive body image were observed in female WS and less WS sports. Special DE prevention and positive body image promotion programs are necessary for female competitive athletes and parents of adolescent female athletes, especially those participating in aesthetic ones. For adult male athletes, special programs aiming to promote healthy eating should be implemented to prevent DE and body image concerns. Special education about DE prevention is compulsory for coaches who train female athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbial communities and nutrient dynamics in glaciers and ice sheets continuously change as the hydrological conditions within and on the ice change. Glaciers and ice sheets can be considered bioreactors as microbiomes transform nutrients that enter these icy systems and alter the meltwater chemistry. Global warming is increasing meltwater discharge, affecting nutrient and cell export, and altering proglacial systems. In this review, we integrate the current understanding of glacial hydrology, microbial activity, and nutrient and carbon dynamics to highlight their interdependence and variability on daily and seasonal time scales, as well as their impact on proglacial environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The motivation for happiness research rather than GDP is becoming important to the role of many governments across the globe. When people are asked to list the key characteristics of a good life, they are more likely to include happiness, health, living well and longer. This study investigates whether factors that predict men's happiness and life satisfaction explain why men die earlier than women. The present research analyses data (N=426,452; 51.90% females) collected by the World Value Survey from 1981 to 2020 in 102 countries, and from six continents. A multilevel random-effects regression analysis was conducted in which individuals were nested by countries. We investigated variations across nations, country-level of development, and geographical regions. Men were slightly less happy and less satisfied with their lives compared to women. State of health, household's financial satisfaction, freedom of choice, family importance, and being married were positively associated with happiness/life satisfaction. In contrast, being men, being in a low-income household, or being unemployed were negatively associated with happiness/life satisfaction. Unemployed men and men who were living in Africa or the Middle East regions were less satisfied with their lives compared to women. The excess mortality burden on men is due to a mix of biological, behavioural, and social factors. Happy people may live longer because of the underlying factors such as health status, household financial satisfaction, and social connections. Policies targeting men's health and social connections are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this qualitative investigation was to examine male competitive figure skaters' experiences of weight pressure in sport. Specifically, male skaters' perceptions of the ideal skating body, sources of weight pressure in elite figure skating, and the perceived role of their sport in shaping body image, athletic performance, eating, and exercise behaviors were explored. Through a social constructivist lens, an inductive thematic analysis was used to examine the contextual influences of the skating environment. Thirteen male figure skaters ages 16–24 (M = 18.53, SD = 3.33) with an average 10.38 years of skating experience (SD = 4.05) were interviewed. Skaters identified the parameters for the ideal body in skating along with specific weight pressures, body image concerns, and weight management strategies. Similar to female skaters, male skaters perceived that body image affected psychological factors that influence sport performance. Sport psychologists and consultants should be attentive to the skating environment and how specific performance and appearance demands may influence an athlete's mindset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the unique needs of athletes who undergo eating disorder (ED) treatment is sorely needed. This study explores changes of strength and power in athlete (n = 21) and non-athlete (n = 36) patients from intake to discharge. Maximal oxygen consumption, vertical jump, push-ups, hand grip strength, and body mass index (in anorexia nervosa; AN) were measured among treatment center patients. The number of push-ups and hand grip strength were significantly improved upon discharge in the full sample (ps <.005) and in AN only (ps <.001). Body mass index was also significantly higher in AN (p <.001). Maximal oxygen consumption and vertical jump did not significantly improve between admission and discharge in either group (ps >.40). This study is the first to investigate measures of strength in athletes engaged in intensive eating disorder treatment and indicates the need to address the psychological mindset around physical activity using exercise education as part of a comprehensive program. Recommendations for incorporating exercise into an intensive ED treatment center are also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Review of Sociology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching & Learning is the property of Society for Teaching & Learning in Higher Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: When prescribing antibiotics, infection eradication rates, local resistance rates, and cost should be among the most essential considerations. Helicobacter pylori is among the most common infections worldwide, and it can lead to burdensome sequela for the patient and the healthcare system, without appropriate treatment. Due to constantly fluctuating resistance rates, regimens must be constantly assessed to ensure effectiveness. Methods: This was a narrative review. The sources for this review are as follows: searching on PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, and ScienceDirect; using keywords: Helicobacter pylori, Treatment Options, Clinical Practice. Results: Multiple antibiotics are prescribed as part of the regimen to thwart high resistance rates. This can lead to unwanted adverse reactions and adherence issues, due to the amount and timing of medication administration, which also may contribute to resistance. Single-capsule combination capsules have reached the market to ease this concern, but brand-only may be problematic for patient affordability. Due to the previously mentioned factors, effectiveness and affordability must be equally considered. Conclusions: This review will utilize guidelines to discuss current treatment options and give cost considerations to elicit the most effective regimen for the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preparing kinesiology undergraduates with the foundational knowledge required by professional organizations is no longer enough when considering the skills students are required to demonstrate upon entering the job market. Work-integrated learning, embedded through curricular and cocurricular activities, has seen extensive growth in the posteducation landscape of Canadian institutions. With increasing expectations from future employers, graduates in the field of kinesiology require more experiential opportunities to meet these expectations. The aim of this paper is to provide commentary on how the Bachelor of Kinesiology program at Capilano University underwent the necessary changes to incorporate a required professional practice stream to align with industry expectations. The authors discuss the development of laddering course learning outcomes, course content, reflection, and student evaluation. Additionally, they provide rationale for its inclusion in the second year of the program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Extensive evidence shows that satisfying marriages boost physical health and longevity. A separate literature reveals strong concordance in couples' health, but the relationship processes that contribute to health concordance remain poorly understood.Purpose: The current study examined whether relationship satisfaction and joint health behaviors-the extent to which couples eat, sleep, and exercise together-are associated simultaneously with better health and greater health similarity between partners.Methods: Heterogeneous variance multilevel models were applied to data from 234 married couples (Mage = 46, Range = 20-84) reporting on their relationship satisfaction, joint health behaviors, and four health indicators-health satisfaction, depressive symptoms, comorbidities, and medication use.Results: More satisfied couples engaged in more joint health behaviors than less satisfied counterparts. When joint health behaviors and relationship satisfaction were examined as separate fixed effects, both predicted greater health satisfaction and fewer depressive symptoms. More joint health behaviors were also associated with less medication use. When both were modeled together, only relationship satisfaction predicted depressive symptoms. By contrast, in random effects, joint health behaviors predicted greater similarity in health satisfaction, depressive symptoms, and comorbidities. Relationship satisfaction only predicted more similar depressive symptoms.Conclusions: Although more satisfied couples engaged in more joint health behaviors. relationship satisfaction and joint health behaviors uniquely predicted couples' health quality and concordance, suggesting that distinct mechanisms may drive better health and stronger health resemblance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports have indicated an increasing prevalence of clarithromycin resistance in children relative to adults. Thus, it is important to investigate primary clarithromycin resistance before therapy to avoid treatment failure. A2142G, A2143G, and A2142C point mutations in the peptidyltransferase region of the 23S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) strains isolated from children with gastrointestinal symptoms and asymptomatic children were evaluated via real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using fecal DNA samples. The presence of H. pylori was determined using a fecal H. pylori antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit from the stools of children (n = 543). A2143G, A2142C, and A2142G point mutations were detected via RT-PCR and confirmed by sequencing the 23S rDNA. Fecal H. pylori antigen testing was positive in 101 symptomatic (49) and asymptomatic (52) children. A significant difference was found between the 0–5- and 5–18-year-old groups in terms of the A2143G and A2142G point mutations (p = 0.001). The A2142C mutation was not detected. There was a significant difference in the A2143G mutation between the symptomatic and asymptomatic 5–18-year-old children (p = 0.019). Macrolides are frequently used to treat upper respiratory tract infections in children due to their selective pressure effect. We suggest that H. pylori strains carrying mutations in the 23S RNA subunit conferring clarithromycin resistance may lead to an intense inflammatory response in the gastric epithelial cells, allowing them to proliferate more rapidly and causing possible diarrhea, halitosis, or abdominal pain in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complexity of physical verification increases rapidly with fast shrinking technology nodes. Considering only design rule checking (DRC) constraints or lithography models cannot capture the side physical effects in the fabrication process well. Thus, it is desirable to consider a more general physical verification problem with various types of hotspots. In this paper, we apply machine learning which is based on pixel-based feature extraction to deal with the generalized hotspot detection problem. First, a two-dimensional discrete Fourier transformation-based pixel extraction method is proposed to alleviate the shifting effect and produce stable hotspot features. Then, a pattern-based layout scanning approach is developed to enhance the program efficiency while preserving good detection accuracy. Finally, we design two false alarm reduction strategies to effectively reduce the number of detected nonhotspots and further improve the accuracy of hotspot position. Experimental results based on the industrial benchmarks show that our algorithm outperforms three competitive works in terms of accuracy, false alarm rate, efficiency, and time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whether economic growth improves the human lot is a matter of conditions. We focus on Japan, a country which shifted in the 1990s from a pattern of rampant economic growth and stagnant well-being, to one of modest growth and increasing well-being. We discuss concurrent policy reforms and analyse the changes in well-being. In particular, we assess whether the correlates of the increase in well-being are consistent with those expected from the reforms. We apply Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition to World Values Survey data. Results show that improved conditions for the elderly, parents and women, that is the primary groups targeted by the reforms, correlate with well-being increases. This evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that social safety nets can make economic growth compatible with sustained increases in well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Recent industry‐created social marketing campaigns have targeted positive body image; however, research investigating the effects of such social media campaigns on body image has largely neglected non‐Western English‐speaking groups. This study explored the effects on body image of a video produced by Dove for a Japanese audience 'Real Beauty ID', and its capacity to modify the effects of subsequent exposure to celebrity social media images of young women. Method: Young women from Japan (n = 568), mean age (SD) = 25.38 (3.52) years, were randomly allocated to view either the Dove Real Beauty ID video, or a control video, followed by exposure to celebrity social media images (female celebrities or landscapes). Finally, participants reported on state and trait appearance‐based comparisons, thin ideal internalization, body appreciation, and media similarity scepticism. Results: Among participants with high levels of thin ideal internalization, those who viewed the Dove Real Beauty ID video reported significantly lower satisfaction with body and facial features, as well as more negative mood (p <.05) compared with the control video. Little support emerged for the capacity of the Dove Real Beauty ID video to modify the effects of exposure to celebrity social media images, nor were these effects moderated by risk and resilience factors. Conclusions: In sum, no usefulness emerged for the Dove Real Beauty ID video in promoting positive body image, and limited usefulness was seen in buffering the effects of exposure to celebrity social media images among Japanese young women. Given the reach of such interventions, exploring whether interventions that are culturally adapted and theoretically driven are more helpful is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the first example of solvent‐dependent helix inversion in poly(diphenylacetylene) (PDPA) derivatives. Asymmetrically substituted PDPAs bearing optically active substituents linked through amide bonds formed preferred‐handed helical conformations because of the optically active substituents in the pendants, whose helix‐senses were inverted upon thermal annealing in polar solvents such as N,N‐dimethylformamide and dimethylsulfoxide and in nonpolar solvents such as tetrachloroethane. Unlike the solvent‐dependent helix inversion reported for other dynamic helical polymers, the macromolecular helicity induced in the polymer backbone of these PDPAs upon thermal annealing was stably maintained at room temperature, independent of the solvent polarity. These diastereomeric PDPAs with opposite helix‐senses generated almost mirror‐imaged left‐ and right‐handed circularly polarized light in the same solvent at room temperature. Taking advantage of this unique solvent‐dependent helix inversion property, the diastereomeric PDPAs with opposite helix‐senses were coated on macroporous silica gel and applied to chiral stationary phases for high‐performance liquid chromatography. Despite having the same optically active substituents on the pendant phenyl rings, they showed completely different chiral recognition abilities toward many racemates depending on the helix‐sense of the polymer backbone, and the elution order of the enantiomers was reversed for some racemates. The combination of the helix‐sense of the polymer backbone and the chirality of the pendants, which afforded a higher chiral recognition ability, differed depending on the racemates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite sufficient evidence on the role of nutrition in psychosocial health, Marriage and Family Therapists lack the knowledge for sufficient assessment and referrals in treatment. The purpose of this article is to orient MFTs to human metabolism and the effects of various nutrients, or lack thereof, on the psychosocial health in their clients. The roles of several micronutrients and macronutrients will be described as well as the effects of eating patterns and overall metabolic health on mental health. Finally, implications for MFTs as sole practitioners, domains for assessment and psychoeducation, and recommendations for collaborating with nutrition professionals will be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are associated with pre-eclampsia. Pre-eclampsia can have systemic manifestations, such as ascites. Lupus peritonitis, a rare condition in patients with SLE, can also cause ascites.Case Presentation: A 31-year-old woman, primigravida, with SLE had a blood pressure of 170/110 mmHg and proteinuria at 29 weeks of gestation. She was diagnosed with pre-eclampsia. Her blood pressure was stabilized by an antihypertensive drug. At 30 weeks of gestation, a cesarean section was performed for maternal safety because of decreased urine output and massive ascites. Postoperatively, re-accumulation of ascites was observed. On the fourth postoperative day, ascites (approximately 3 L) was discharged from the cesarean section wound. A decrease in serum complement concentrations was observed, and she was diagnosed as having lupus peritonitis. The steroid dose was increased and she recovered well thereafter.Conclusions: Ascites occurs in pre-eclampsia and SLE, but determining which of these conditions causes ascites can be difficult. However, careful observation is necessary because of the differences in treatment of these two conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the health behaviors of people around the world, including their physical activity patterns. Intuitive exercise, a facet of one's relationship with physical activity, is defined as one's awareness, mindset (positive versus negative), and mindfulness when engaged in movement. The study's purpose was to explore whether self-reported physical activity and psychological mindsets around exercise changed during the pandemic. College students (n = 216) described their relationship with exercise before and during the pandemic through anonymous completion of the Intuitive Exercise Scale (IEXS) and open-ended questions to provide in-depth contextualized responses about exercise habits. Participants reported significantly higher scores on intuitive exercise during the pandemic, such as on the Body Trust subscale (M = 3.43), compared to pre-pandemic levels (M = 3.20), p < 0.001. Moreover, varied themes related to physical activity were uncovered such as exercising for fun, exercise influenced by emotion, and loss of motivation to exercise. Important takeaways of the study include the diversity of responses to the pandemic (i.e., some participants reported an increase in physical activity levels and more positive exercise attitudes while others experienced the opposite), the need to promote self-care, and the need for positive coping strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Snow algae are found from spring to summer on snowfields and glaciers throughout the world. Their blooming darkens snow surfaces, reducing snow surface albedo and accelerating melting. Uncertainties remain, however, regarding the blooming season and global distribution of these algae. To reproduce snow algal bloom temporal and geographical variability, we improved an existing snow algae model using a land surface model calibrated with a reanalysis dataset of the global atmosphere. Snowfall and daylight length data for selected model locations were also incorporated. To evaluate its performance, we used in situ observational data from 15 polar to alpine area sites. The improvements made in this study allowed the reconstruction of detailed snow algal blooming reports from various locations worldwide, and the results suggested that the major factors affecting the appearance of snow algal blooming were the snow melting period duration and algal growth interruption by new snow cover. We then incorporated the updated snow algae model into a land surface model and performed a global simulation. In this case, our simulation suggested that red snow could appear on snowfields during the melting season but only in the absence of frequent new snowfalls, and if the snow cover persists long enough to allow prolonged algal growth. This simulation has the potential to be used for global prediction of future red snow phenomena, which are likely to synchronize with global climate change. Plain Language Summary: Snow algae are commonly found on snow surfaces worldwide. Their blooming changes the surface color to red from white due to their red cells, accelerating melting during summer. Uncertainties remain, however, regarding the blooming season and global distribution of these algae. To reproduce snow algal bloom temporal and geographical variability, we improved an existing snow algae model and evaluated its performance using in situ observational data from 15 polar to alpine area sites. We then incorporated the updated snow algae model into a global land surface model and performed a global algae simulation. The simulation suggests that the timing of red snow appearance is likely to be a balance between the duration of snow melting and the timing of the snowfall event. Our numerical simulation of snow algal blooming has the potential to be used for global prediction of future red snow phenomena, which are likely to synchronize with global climate change. Key Points: Red snow algae model was updated with new observational data from 15 snowfields and incorporated into a land surface modelRevised model simulations achieved good agreement with red snow observations at snowfields worldwide, from polar to mid‐latitudesGlobal simulation suggests that timing of red snow appearance is likely to be a balance between snow melting duration and snowfall timing [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacterial phospholipases and sphingomyelinases are lipolytic esterases that are structurally and evolutionarily heterogeneous. These enzymes play crucial roles as virulence factors in several human and animal infectious diseases. Some bacterial phospholipases C (PLCs) have both phosphatidylcholinesterase and sphingomyelinase C activities. Among them, Listeria monocytogenes PlcB, Clostridium perfringens PLC, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PlcH are the most deeply understood. In silico predictions of substrates docking with these three bacterial enzymes provide evidence that they interact with different substrates at the same active site. This review discusses structural aspects, substrate specificity, and the mechanism of action of those bacterial enzymes on target cells and animal infection models to shed light on their roles in pathogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most emerging 2D-materials-based heterostructures are considered promising candidates because of their multifunctional logic applications for electric and optoelectronic devices. Here, a high gate tunable rectification in van der Waals heterostructure composed of n-type rhenium disulfide (n-ReS2) and p-type germanium selenide (p-GeSe), using pure Ohmic contacts, is reported. The large rectification ratio (RR) deprived of any Schottky contribution is tuned up to 4 x 105 because of the sharp interface of p-GeSe and n-ReS2. The sheet-thickness effect over the rectification is also observed in the p-GeSe/n-ReS2 heterostructure as well. The profound photovoltaic measurements under lights of different power intensities depict a high photo responsivity of 3.9 x 10³ A W-1 with an external quantum efficiency of 87% and specific detectivity (D* = 1.5 x 1012). The fast growth (16.6 µs) and decay times (12.3 µs) are extracted by the exponential rise and decay fitting. Moreover, practical applications of the p-GeSe/n-ReS2 heterostructure devices are exhibited by observing inverter behavior and high-frequency switching operations, which is also the breakthrough of this research. Fabrication of such smart devices based on transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) van der Waals heterostructures may enhance the energy harvesting as well as the multifunctional logic switches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Difference-education interventions teach people a contextual theory of difference : that social group difference comes from participating in and adapting to diverse sociocultural contexts. At two universities, we delivered difference-education interventions during the college transition and examined long-term academic and intergroup outcomes. Nearly 4 years later, first-generation students who received a difference-education intervention earned higher grades and were more likely to attain honors standing than those in the control condition. Based on an end-of-college survey with students at one of the two universities, both first-generation and continuing-generation students showed greater comfort with social group difference compared with students in the control condition. Our results demonstrate for the first time that teaching first-generation students a contextual theory of difference can lead to long-term academic benefits that persist until graduation. This work also provides new evidence that difference-education can improve comfort with social group difference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite a large gender gap, life satisfaction among women has been nearly equal to or even higher than that among men in Japan. We investigated the relationship between life satisfaction and system justification using two existing datasets and two preregistered surveys administered to Japanese adults (total N=2,833), employing two scales一system justification for gender disparity in annual personal income (Existing dataset 1 and Survey 1)and gender system justification (Existing dataset 2 and Survey 2). In line with previous research, we found that life satisfaction among women was nearly equal to (Existing datasets 1 and 2 and Survey 1)and significantly higher than (Survey 2) that among men. Contrary to our prediction, women were less likely to endorse system justification than men across four datasets. However, as expected, we found a palliative function of system justification among women across four datasets一women who strongly justified the existing system displayed higher life satisfaction than women who weakly justified it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]