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Alcohol liver disease has become a worldwide critical health problem. The ingested alcohol could be converted into acetaldehyde or combined with free fatty acids to induce the endoplasmic reticulum oxidative stress in the liver. Coincidentally, AKR7A5 has both aldehyde detoxification and antioxidant effects. Therefore, we discuss the possible role and mechanism of AKR7A5 in the acute alcohol injury of mice liver. There were four experiment groups, the C57BL/6 mice of wild‐type mice (WT) or AKR7A5−/− mice (KO) were intragastrically administrated with saline or 50% ethanol at 14 mL/kg, respectively. Compared to the WT + alcohol group, abnormal liver function, disordered hepatic cord, severe congestion in the hepatic sinus and the space of the hepatic cord, occurrence of oxidative stress, DNA damage and different expressions of apoptosis‐related proteins were detected in the KO + alcohol group. Meanwhile, the biological process enrichment analysis showed that the down‐regulated proteins were related to the metabolism of fatty acid, the up‐regulated proteins positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process, negative regulation of coagulation and haemostasis. In conclusion, single ethanol binge combined with the absence of AKR7A5 caused more severe inflammatory response, oxidative stress, apoptosis of endogenous pathways, abnormal lipids metabolism and disordered coagulation in mice liver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amid the rise of the new industrial revolution, the digital economy has gradually become the major fulcrum behind China's industrial transformation. This study examines how the digital economy impacts enterprises' substantive green innovation and its mechanism using data drawn from a sample of Chinese listed companies covering 2011–2019 and focusing on internal control and long-term investment. The findings of a mechanism analysis indicate that the digital economy can significantly enhance enterprises' substantive green innovation by promoting the quality of internal control and stimulating long-term investment. Incorporating internal governance and agency issues into the research framework reveals that a higher level of corporate governance enhances the facilitation influence of digital economy on enterprises' substantive green innovation. Heterogeneity test results show that digital economy has a peculiarly significant role in enhancing the substantive green innovation of enterprises with a high proportion of management ownership. Not only does this study enrich the research on the microeconomic consequences of digital economy and the drivers of enterprises' green innovation, but its implications also suggest that China should accelerate the construction of new infrastructure and the green transformation of domestic enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existence of alkali metals in flue gases originating from stationary sources can result in catalyst deactivation in the low-temperature selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitrogen oxides (NOx). It is widely accepted that alkali metal poisoning causes damage to the acidic sites of catalysts. Therefore, in this study, a series of CoMn catalysts doped with heteropolyacids (HPAs) were prepared using the coprecipitation method. Among these, CoMnHPMo exhibited superior catalytic performance for SCR and over 95% NOx conversion at 150–300 ℃. Moreover, it exhibited excellent catalytic activity and stability after alkali poisoning, demonstrating outstanding alkali metal resistance. The characterization indicated that HPMo increased the specific surface area of the catalyst, which provided abundant adsorption sites for NOx and NH3. Comparing catalysts before and after poisoning, CoMnHPMo enhanced its alkali metal resistance by sacrificing Brønsted acid sites to protect its Lewis acid sites. In situ DRIFTS was used to study the reaction pathways of the catalysts. The results showed that CoMnHPMo maintained high NH3 adsorption capacity after K poisoning and then reacted rapidly with NO intermediates to ensure that the active sites were not covered. Consequently, SCR performance was ensured even after alkali metal poisoning. In summary, this research proposed a simple method for the design of an alkali-resistant NH3-SCR catalyst with high activity at low temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, to promote the separation of photogenerated carriers, prevent the catalyst from photo-corrosion, and improve the photo-Fenton synergistic degradation of organic pollutants, the coating structure of FeOOH/BiO2−x rich in oxygen vacancies was successfully synthesized by a facile and environmentally friendly two-step process of hydrothermal and chemical deposition. Through a series of degradation activity tests of synthesized materials under different conditions, it was found that FeOOH/BiO2−x demonstrated outstanding organic pollutant degradation activity under visible and near-infrared light when hydrogen peroxide was added. After 90 min of reaction under photo-Fenton conditions, the degradation rate of Methylene Blue by FeOOH/BiO2−x was 87.4%, significantly higher than the degradation efficiency under photocatalysis (60.3%) and Fenton (49.0%) conditions. The apparent rate constants of FeOOH/BiO2−x under photo-Fenton conditions were 2.33 times and 3.32 times higher than photocatalysis and Fenton catalysis, respectively. The amorphous FeOOH was tightly coated on the layered BiO2−x, which significantly increased the specific surface area and the number of active sites of the composites, and facilitated the improvement of the separation efficiency of the photogenerated carriers and the prevention of photo-corrosion of BiO2−x. The analysis of the mechanism of photo-Fenton synergistic degradation clarified that ·OH, h+, and ·O2− are the main active substances involved in the degradation of pollutants. The optimal degradation conditions were the addition of the FeOOH/BiO2−x composite catalyst loaded with 20% Fe at a concentration of 0.5 g/L, the addition of hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of 8 mM, and an initial pH of 4. This outstanding catalytic system offers a fresh approach to the creation and processing of iron-based photo-Fenton catalysts by quickly and efficiently degrading various organic contaminants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Lower limb venous anomalies, including duplicated veins, are common and have significant impacts on the outcomes and efficacy of venous surgery. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) guided venography, serving as the tertiary diagnostic option for venous disorders, offers valuable informations to clinical practitioners. Patients and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 195 patients with suspected venous disease, evaluating 259 limbs with venography imaging. Two experienced interventional vascularists evaluated the images to determine the incidence and characteristics of variances in the femoral, popliteal, great saphenous, and small saphenous veins. Moreover, blood samples were collected to assess the safety of the venography procedure by monitoring changes in renal function. Result: Duplication variations were found in the lower limb veins, with the highest prevalence in the femoral vein (11.28%, 22/195), followed by the great saphenous vein (4.1%, 8/195), and the popliteal vein (1.54%, 3/195). No severe contrast agent allergies or postoperative complications were reported. No statistically significant differences were found in creatinine and urea levels pre- and post-operation for patients without duplication variations, those with duplication of the great saphenous, femoral, or popliteal vein (P <.05). Conclusion: DSA-guided venography is effective in identifying venous variations in lower limb disease. DFV is the most common recurrent vein, while DPV is the least. Adequate preparation ensures safety, high spatial resolution, dynamic imaging, and low tissue interference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The condition of the water in drinking water source environments is critical for public health. However, in recent years, the rapid growth of algae has become a significant threat to the safety of the drinking water supply. This study investigated the temporal trends and spatial differences in algae in the Nanwan Reservoir during 2022. Regression analysis using the least-squares method demonstrated that water temperature and initial biomass concentration were critical parameters that influenced the rate of algal growth. An air–water–algal growth model (AWAM) for algal growth prediction was developed using a 30-day forecast of air temperature, an air-to-water temperature extrapolating equation, a water temperature–algal growth relationship, and only four monthly measurements of algal concentration. The results demonstrated that the model accurately predicted algal growth in the next 30 days, with an R2 of 0.738, which aligned with the monitored results. Compared to the upstream Wudaohe River inflow point, algal growth in the drinking water intake area near the downstream dam was delayed by at least 30 days. By using the upstream inflow area as a reference point, the prediction period was extended to provide a 60-day early warning. The extended prediction period and the reduced need for monitoring data make the model more convenient for guiding the prevention and control of algal blooms in drinking water reservoirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are major contaminant causing environmental pollution in atmosphere. The most effective method for NOx removal is ammonia selective catalytic reduction (NH3-SCR), and catalysts play a crucial role. Cu-based zeolite catalysts are commonly used for the removal of NOx from diesel engine exhaust, but the complex composition of diesel exhaust and the harsh operating environment of catalysts make zeolite catalysts susceptible to deactivation, thus limiting their practical application. This manuscript focuses on the negative effects of actual working conditions associated with diesel vehicle exhausts and analyses the influence of composition structure that Cu-based zeolite catalysts have on NH3-SCR reaction, which refers mainly to the effects brought by topology, Si/Al ratio and Cu species. The strategies for developing Cu-based zeolite catalysts are summarized, and the current development bottlenecks such as improving catalytic performance, reducing synthesis cost and enhancing production efficiency are discussed, and the future research directions of Cu-based zeolite are prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exercise has profound but variable effects on the immune system. However, only limited information exists about the changes of exercise-induced gene expression in whole immune cells. The aim of this study is to unravel the potential molecular changes of genes which are related to immunity after exercise. The raw expression data and corresponding clinical of GSE18966 were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database. The differentially expressed genes between control group and treat groups were performed by in-house developed perl scripts. A total of 83 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (|log2 FC|> 1, FDR < 0.05) were identified between control and treat group 1 (0 h after exercise), 128 DEGs (|log2 FC|> 1, FDR < 0.05) between control and treat group 2 (4 h after exercise), and there was no significant difference between control and treat group 3 (20 h after exercise). Next, we identified 51 overlapping genes between treat group 1 (0 h after exercise) and treat group 2 (4 h after exercise) using Venn analysis. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by Cytoscape 3.7.2, and nine hub genes (S100A12, FCGR3B, FPR1, VNN2, AQP9, MMP9, OSM, NCF4, HP) were identified. Finally, 9 hub genes were identified as the potential biomarkers of exercise using validation set (GSE83578) verification analysis. These hub genes might serve as potential molecular targets of monitoring exercise and training processes in the further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is the premise of safe filling and efficient mining to obtain the optimal filling material proportion. In order to optimize the proportion of filling materials in underground mining of metal mines, the coupling method of orthogonal test and response surface method is adopted to carry out the design and optimization of filling proportion test. Based on a mine example, the test optimization method, steps and verification results are described. The application steps of orthogonal test and response surface method are introduced, and the application process of the method is illustrated with an example of filling ratio optimization. The results show that the orthogonal test method focuses on the influence degree of single factor on the objective function through range analysis in the filling material proportion test. The response surface method focuses on the influence degree of multiple factors and their interaction on the objective function through analysis of variance and response surface graph. The experimental design based on the coupling of orthogonal test and response surface method can verify the influence behavior and change rule of the interaction between single factor and multiple factors on the filling material proportion test, so as to optimize the mining filling material proportion test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Commercialization of the wireless body area network (WBAN) envisions future new normal for WBAN devices coexistence in a localized area. The coexistence may allow devices to freely change positions, associate, or dissociate with the neighbours as users interact. Devices' interaction in a stationary or mobile fashion radiates heat and also competes for the limited network resources resulting to unreliable communication and other performance challenges. Besides alarming user safety, device mobility affects network performance through topology changes, which result to recursive link disconnections, energy waste, packet delay, degraded throughput, and congestion due to excessive control messaging during route repair. In this article, we propose WBAN performance optimization criteria focusing on improving energy efficiency, network throughput, and reducing the end to end delay in multiple existence schemes. Firstly, we propose an alternative routing algorithm, whose routing decision depends on a cost function considering the parameterized residue energy to node distance ratio, link energy reliability, and specific heat absorption in addition to node sequence number and hop count as fundamental route selection metrics. Secondly, we implement congestion control adaptation in the medium access control (IEEE 802.11MAC) mechanism, which improves throughput, reduces congestion, and delay. Due to link discontinuities during mobility, we demonstrate a comparative network performance to address the effect of WBAN speed at different hello intervals. The comparative analysis show, protocol implementation with a cross-layer approach outperforms the conventional protocol without MAC adaptations in terms of energy efficiency, network throughput, and a reduced end to end delay, by an average of 0.45%, 2.8%, and 13.7%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Herbal tea drinks, different from classical Camellia beverages, are a wide variety of herbal drinks consumed for therapeutic purposes or health promotion. Herbal tea is widely consumed in Guangxi. However, the documentation on the plants for herbal tea and their related health benefits is still limited. Methods: An ethnobotanical survey was conducted in 52 villages and 21 traditional markets in Guangxi from 2016 to 2021. Semi-structured interviews, key informant interviews, and structured questionnaires were applied to obtain ethnobotanical information of herbal tea, in which 463 informants had participated. Relative frequency of citation (RFC) and cultural food significance index (CFSI) were used to evaluate the most culturally significant herbal tea plants, and informant consensus factor (ICF) was applied to assess the agreement among informants. Results: This study recorded 155 herbal tea species belonging to 49 families. The most commonly used parts included leaf (27.61%), whole plant (22.09%), branch and leaf (19.02%), and flower (13.50%). The most frequent preparation method of herbal tea was decoction. Herbal tea was very popular in Guangxi, attributing to its therapeutic value, special odor, and good taste. There are 41 health benefits classified into eight categories. Among them, clearing heat was the most medicinal effects. Local people had high consistency in tonic, removing cold and cough, improving blood circulation, and clearing heat away. Based on CFSI values of each species, the most culturally significant herbal tea species were Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle) C. Jeffrey ex A. M. Lu & Zhi Y. Zhang, Plantago asiatica L., Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino, Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Pholidota chinensis Lindl., and Morus alba L. Conclusion: Herbal tea is a valuable heritage that carries the local people's traditional knowledge, like health care and religious belief. The recorded herbal tea species in this study possess tremendous potential for local economic development in the future. Further research on efficacy evaluation and product development of herbal tea species is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Herbal tea drinks, different from classical Camellia beverages, are a wide variety of herbal drinks consumed for therapeutic purposes or health promotion. Herbal tea is widely consumed in Guangxi. However, the documentation on the plants for herbal tea and their related health benefits is still limited. Methods: An ethnobotanical survey was conducted in 52 villages and 21 traditional markets in Guangxi from 2016 to 2021. Semi-structured interviews, key informant interviews, and structured questionnaires were applied to obtain ethnobotanical information of herbal tea, in which 463 informants had participated. Relative frequency of citation (RFC) and cultural food significance index (CFSI) were used to evaluate the most culturally significant herbal tea plants, and informant consensus factor (ICF) was applied to assess the agreement among informants. Results: This study recorded 155 herbal tea species belonging to 49 families. The most commonly used parts included leaf (27.61%), whole plant (22.09%), branch and leaf (19.02%), and flower (13.50%). The most frequent preparation method of herbal tea was decoction. Herbal tea was very popular in Guangxi, attributing to its therapeutic value, special odor, and good taste. There are 41 health benefits classified into eight categories. Among them, clearing heat was the most medicinal effects. Local people had high consistency in tonic, removing cold and cough, improving blood circulation, and clearing heat away. Based on CFSI values of each species, the most culturally significant herbal tea species were Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle) C. Jeffrey ex A. M. Lu & Zhi Y. Zhang, Plantago asiatica L., Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino, Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Pholidota chinensis Lindl., and Morus alba L. Conclusion: Herbal tea is a valuable heritage that carries the local people's traditional knowledge, like health care and religious belief. The recorded herbal tea species in this study possess tremendous potential for local economic development in the future. Further research on efficacy evaluation and product development of herbal tea species is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates how a short-lived rumor of residential redevelopment triggered herding trading and housing price overreactions in a local housing market in Hangzhou. Through event studies, we find that herding purchasing caused a short-term housing price overreaction. Simultaneously, existing homeowners became reluctant to sell, and the number of new listings for sale decreased temporarily. However, we find no evidence of a decrease in market efficiency. A herding investor who purchased an average home may have suffered a loss of CNY 593,907 after the rumor weakened, equivalent to 8.7 years of income for an average resident in Hangzhou in 2021. This study reveals the importance of government policy communication, and the detrimental impact of ambiguous urban renewal policies on housing market stability and wealth redistribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advances in wireless sensor and internet technologies has rapidly increased the prevalence of remote health monitoring using wireless body area networks (WBAN). However, it turns out that WBAN pervasiveness draws attention to address the data transmission challenges. Due to the limited bandwidth in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band , WBAN performance degrades in parallel with the increasing number of active devices sharing the same network infrastructure. As a result, during carrier sense the increasing device density impedes the synchronization mechanism that raises packet collision probabilities in the transmission channel. In this view, access to the transmission channel for health care applications in coexisting WBANs is limited, and the transmission of aperiodic data becomes unreliable. Therefore, in this article, we propose performance improvement for coexisting WBANs through transmission prioritization and adaptive channel access mechanisms. We categorize user data into classes and implement transmission prioritization scheme that considers data category, device synchronization, dynamic clear channel assessment (DCCA), backoff range adaptation, and packet retransmission trials in stationary and mobile networks. The simulation results show the performance of the proposed model's carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA-CA) for collocated WBANs in terms of throughput, delay, and packet delivery ratio outperform the conventional IEEE 802.15.4 and the transmission scheme applied in Traffic Class Prioritization Medium Access Control (TCP-MAC) protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Step-like landslides have been attracting more and more attentions because of their displacement with step-like characteristics. At present, there are few studies about the mechanism of a step-like landslide from the perspective of its response to pore-water pressure. This paper considers the Yaoshan landslide disaster mainly affected by rainfall and groundwater in Anxi County, Quanzhou City, Fujian Province, as an example. Based on an in situ monitoring test, we explored the infiltration pathways of typhoons and rainstorms, the main influencing factors, and characteristics of pore-water pressure and determined the relationship between landslide displacement and pore-water pressure in the study area. The results show the following: (1) the pore-water pressure within the slope varies with fluctuation in groundwater level which is influenced by vertical infiltration of rainwater through the slope surface and dominant channels in the study area. (2) The landslide exactly produces a step-like displacement when the pore-water pressure near the slip surface increases from the minimum point to the maximum and then dissipates to the vicinity of the starting point. (3) The correlation between pore-water pressure change and landslide displacement is revealed, and the empirical formula that can characterize slope displacement generated by increment in per unit of pore-water pressure in unit time has been proposed. This study is crucial as it offers important theoretical and practical significance for the analysis of disaster-causing mechanism and monitoring and early warning of the same type of landslide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Constructing metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with high volatile organic compounds (VOCs) adsorption capacity and excellent water resistance remain challenging. Herein, a monocarboxylic acid‐assisted mixed ligands strategy was designed to synthesize a novel fluorinated MOFs, MIL‐53 (Al). The monocarboxylic acid promoted crystallization and produced abundant crystal defects, which increased pore volume. Moreover, the competitive coordination between tetrafluoroterephthalic acid and 1,4‐dicarboxybenzene was moderated by monocarboxylic modulators, significantly improving the hydrophobicity. The toluene uptake of the optimal sample reached 254.85 mg g−1 under humid conditions, increased by 33.56 % of MIL‐53(Al), and the QWet/QDry (the ratio of adsorption quality under wet to adsorption quality under dry) was 0.92, remarkably surpassing that of origin MIL‐53 (0.72). The recycle experiment showed superior reusability with no performance degradation after 10 recycle under RH=50 % (relative humidity). The adsorptive kinetic and thermodynamic analysis proves that the adsorption process is controlled by surface mono‐layer adsorption and pore diffusion. The fluorine group affects the internal diffusion, which weakens the transfer rate. This strategy opens a new prospect of obtaining hierarchical functional MOFs for meeting the VOCs uptake under the practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), as a significant contributor to atmospheric pollution such as ozone pollution and PM2.5, bring about serious harm to the environment and human health. Catalytic oxidation is one of the most promising technologies for achieving efficient VOCs removal, and the low-temperature performance of catalysts affects the removal efficiency. With the ongoing understanding of the catalytic reaction mechanism, oxygen vacancies can activate oxygen molecules, enhance electron transport, and regulate the surface chemical properties of catalysts, which has become one of the most effective means to improve catalytic performance. However, there has not been a detailed review of oxygen vacancy engineering for VOCs oxidation. This work systematically presented the recent progress regarding oxygen defect engineering in designing novel catalytic materials for VOCs treatment to fill in the gaps. Specifically, the core concerns in this review mainly concentrate on the in-depth discussion of the construction strategy, structural characterization, and catalytic effects of oxygen vacancies. Additionally, the technical challenges and prospects were forecasted. The perspectives provided in this review could potentially contribute to guiding the controllable synthesis of efficient catalysts for VOCs degradation and its corresponding mechanism understanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Breast cancer remains one of most lethal illnesses and the most common malignancies among women, making it important to discover novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the disease. Immunotherapy has become a promising therapeutic tool for breast cancer. The role of TRIM8 in breast cancer has rarely been reported. Method: Here we identified TRIM8 expression and its potential function on survival in patients with breast cancer using TCGA (The cancer genome atlas), GEO (Gene expression omnibus) database and METABRIC (Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium). Then, TIMER and TISIDB databases were used to investigate the correlations between TRIM8 mRNA levels and immune characteristics. Using stepwise cox regression, we established an immune prognostic signature based on five differentially expression immune-related genes (DE-IRGs). Finally, a nomogram, accompanied by a calibration curve was proposed to predict 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival for breast cancer patients. Results: We found that TRIM8 expression was dramatically lower in breast cancer tissues in comparison with normal tissues. Lower TRIM8 expression was related with worse prognosis in breast cancer. TIMER and TISIDB analysis showed that there were strong correlations between TRIM8 expression and immune characteristics. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve confirmed the good performance in survival prediction and showed good accuracy of the immune prognostic signature. We demonstrated the model usefulness of predictions by nomogram and calibration curves. Our findings indicated that TRIM8 might be a potential link between progression and prognosis survival of breast cancer. Conclusion: This is a comprehensive study to reveal that tripartite motif 8 (TRIM8) may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker associating with immune characteristics and provide a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the real-time efficiency of expressway operation monitoring and management, the anomaly detection in intelligent monitoring network of expressway based on edge computing and deep learning is studied. The video data collected by the camera equipment in the intelligent monitoring network structure of the expressway is transmitted to the edge processing server for screening and then sent to the convolutional neural network. The convolutional neural network uses the multi-scale optical flow histogram method to preprocess the video data after the edge calculation to generate the training sample set and send it to the AlexNet model for feature extraction. SVM classifier model is used to train the feature data set and input the features of the test samples into the trained SVM classifier model to realize the anomaly detection in the intelligent monitoring network of expressway. The research method is used to detect the anomaly in an intelligent monitoring network of an expressway. The experimental results show that the method has better detection effect. The miss rate has reduced by 20.34% and 40.76% on average compared with machine learning method and small block learning method, respectively. The false positive rate has reduced by 27.67% and 21.77%, and the detection time is greatly shortened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Autophagy plays an important role in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, the prognostic value of autophagy-related genes (ARGs) in TNBC remains unknown. In this study, we established a survival model to evaluate the prognosis of TNBC patients using ARGs signature. Methods: A total of 222 autophagy-related genes were downloaded from The Human Autophagy Database. The RNA-sequencing data and corresponding clinical data of TNBC were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Differentially expressed autophagy-related genes (DE-ARGs) between normal samples and TNBC samples were determined by the DESeq2 package. Then, univariate Cox, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed. According to the LASSO regression results based on univariate Cox, we identified a prognostic signature for overall survival (OS), which was further validated by using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) cohort. We also found an independent prognostic marker that can predict the clinicopathological features of TNBC. Furthermore, a nomogram was drawn to predict the survival probability of TNBC patients, which could help in clinical decision for TNBC treatment. Finally, we validated the requirement of an ARG in our model for TNBC cell survival and metastasis. Results: There are 43 DE-ARGs identified between normal and tumor samples. A risk model for OS using CDKN1A, CTSD, CTSL, EIF4EBP1, TMEM74, and VAMP3 was established based on univariate Cox regression and LASSO regression analysis. Overall survival of TNBC patients was significantly shorter in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group for both the training and validation cohorts. Using the Kaplan–Meier curves and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, we demonstrated the accuracy of the prognostic model. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to verify risk score as an independent predictor. Subsequently, a nomogram was proposed to predict 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival for TNBC patients. The calibration curves showed great accuracy of the model for survival prediction. Finally, we found that depletion of EIF4EBP1, one of the ARGs in our model, significantly reduced cell proliferation and metastasis of TNBC cells. Conclusion: Based on six ARGs (CDKN1A, CTSD, CTSL, EIF4EBP1, TMEM74, and VAMP3), we developed a risk prediction model that can help clinical doctors effectively predict the survival status of TNBC patients. Our data suggested that EIF4EBP1 might promote the proliferation and migration in TNBC cell lines. These findings provided a novel insight into the vital role of the autophagy-related genes in TNBC and may provide new therapeutic targets for TNBC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the progression of various cancers, including clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). This study aimed to investigate the expression and prognostic value of long intergenic non-protein coding RNA (LINC) 01232 in ccRCC and preliminary explore the molecular mechanism underlying the role of LINC01232 in ccRCC progression. Tumour tissues and adjacent normal tissues of 122 patients with ccRCC were collected in this study. The levels of LINC01232, microRNA (miR)-204-5p and RAB22A were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. The proliferation, migration and invasion of ccRCC cells were detected by cell counting kit-8 assay and Transwell assay, respectively. The interaction among LINC01232, miR-204-5p and RAB22A was confirmed by bioinformatics analysis, dual-luciferase reporter assay and Pearson correlation analysis. The association of LINC01232 and miR-204-5p with ccRCC patient survival was verified by the Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test. The prognostic value of LINC01232 in ccRCC was confirmed by Cox regression analysis. LINC01232 expression was increased in ccRCC tumour tissues and ccRCC cells and independently predicted the prognosis of ccRCC patients. In addition, LINC01232 silencing inhibited ccRCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Moreover, LINC01232 served as a sponge for miR-204-5p, and miR-204-5p reduction reversed the inhibitory effect of LINC01232 silencing on ccRCC cell function. Furthermore, LINC01232 could sponge miR-204-5p, causing the elevation of RAB22A in ccRCC, thereby promoting ccRCC cell function. LINC01232 may be an independent prognostic biomarker in ccRCC and plays an oncogenic role in ccRCC progression by sponging miR-204-5p and upregulating RAB22A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design and synthesis of low-cost, excellent catalytic activity catalysts is the key to catalytic oxidation of VOCs. Nanomaterials have attracted great interest in recent years. Here, a simple impregnation method was used to synthesize the Cu-doped CeO2 nanostructure catalyst supported on a boron-rich carbon carrier and applied for the catalytic oxidation of acetone. After trace amounts of Cu were added to the single CeO2 supported on boron-rich carbon catalyst, Cu-doped CeO2 catalyst displayed better catalytic activity. Besides, it also has long-term stability and H2O resistance. The influence of copper doping on the performance of the catalyst was studied by many characterization technologies. The result indicated that the introduction of Cu can further limit the growth of CeO2 grains based on the limited growth of metal nanoparticles on the carrier, can make the amounts of Ce3+ and adsorb oxygen species increase, and can enhance the redox properties of CeO2. Therefore, Cu-doped CeO2 nanostructures in a boron-rich carbon catalyst have the potential for the removal of acetone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel and efficient access to polysubstituted dihydropyranones was developed by N‐heterocyclic carbene catalyzed annulation reaction of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes and benzyl ketones under oxidative conditions. Various α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes with long‐chain aliphatic and aromatic substitution groups were compatible in this transformation, giving the corresponding products in good to excellent yields under mild conditions. This strategy features simple and readily available materials and mild reaction conditions and provides a green and practical method for the rapid synthesis of functionalized dihydropyranones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel Ti-doped Ce– Sn mixed oxide (Ce–Sn–Ti) catalysts were developed for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx with NH3. The addition of titanium could improve SCR activity at a low-temperature window. By optimizing the element proportions, the NOx conversion of Ce0.6Sn2.4Ti2 catalysts could reach more than 90% in a wide-operating temperature window (200 –450 °C). The appropriate doping Ti formed Sn–O-Ti, Sn–O-Ce and Ti–O-Ce structures, which could increase the content of Ce3+ through electrons transfer from Sn or Ti to Ce (Ce3+ + Ti4+ ↔ Ce4+ + Ti3+ and 2Ce4+ + Sn2+ ↔ 2Ce3+ + Sn4+). The solid solution structure increased specific surface areas, active sites (Ce3+), and Lewis acid sites over the Ce0.6Sn2.4Ti2 catalysts. According to DRIFTS results, only bidentate nitrate could react with adsorbed NH3 species. However, adsorbed NH3 species could quickly react with the gaseous NO. The NH3-SCR reaction mechanism over Ce0.6Sn2.4Ti2 catalysts mainly followed the Eley –Rideal mechanism. The electron transfer between tin, cerium, and titanium elements led to generate more active sites (Ce3+) used for NH3 and NOx activation/oxidation, which improved SCR activity. The NH3-SCR reaction mechanism over Ce0.6Sn2.4Ti2 catalyst mainly followed the Eley−Rideal mechanism, in which adsorbed NH3 species could quickly react with the gaseous NO to generate N2 and H2O. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An unprecedented formal [5+2] cyclization of N,N′‐cyclic azomethine imines with triazines has been realized, which provides a facile access to biologically important 1,2,4,6‐tetrazepine frameworks with overall high yields (up to 98% yield). This methodology is distinguished by not involving a metal catalyst, readily available starting materials, and operational simplicity, which involves the reassembly of two C−N bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bimetallic catalysts have been widely employed in the lignin hydrogenolysis research, which is attributed to that the interaction between the two metals can regulate the catalyst surface properties, thus improving the catalytic performance. The metal promoters can change the adsorption strength and orientation between the catalyst surface and the substrates, the active sites dispersion and the catalyst stability, so the activity, selectivity and stability of bimetallic catalysts are better than those of the corresponding monometallic catalysts in lignin hydrogenolysis. The effects between the two metals can be divided into the following four types: the electronic (ligand) effect, synergistic effect, stabilizing effect and geometric (ensemble) effect. Herein, these four different effects between the two metals and the reaction mechanisms over different bimetallic catalysts in lignin hydrogenolysis are discussed in this minireview, aiming to point out the challenges and further perspectives in the design of efficient bimetallic catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Membrane material, pore size, and cleaning strategy are important factors for microalgal membrane harvesting. In this study, harvesting of Scenedesmus acuminatus cultivated in pilot scale using nine ultrafiltration and three microfiltration membranes was carried out in cross-flow filtration system to compare their filtration performance and flux recovery after physical and chemical cleaning. The 0.45-μm PVDF-AsahiKASEI membrane had the highest average flux of 513.6 L m−2 h−1 among 12 membranes and 50-kDa PVC-Litree membrane had the highest average flux of 98.0 L m−2 h−1 among nine ultrafiltration membranes for 60 L S. acuminatus suspension harvesting. There were significantly positive correlations between membrane pore size, pure water flux, and average flux for S. acuminatus suspension harvesting. Generally, ultrafiltration membrane had moderate total fouling index (TFI) and high proportion of hydraulic reversible fouling index (HRFI) of more than 95%. The 0.45-μm PVDF-AsahiKASEI membrane had a low TFI but the lowest proportion of HRFI, associated with the residual microalgal cells, debris, and colloids on the inner surface and top ends of some cells inserted to big membrane pores, demonstrated by SEM image and reduced porosity from 65.9 to 60.2%. Compared to soaking cleaning, circulation cleaning strategy had a better flux recovery efficiency for 0.45-μm PVDF-AsahiKASEI membrane, proving that it would be a potential way in membrane chemical cleaning. This study demonstrated that microfiltration with high flux has great potential in microalgal harvesting if flux recovery efficiency can be significantly increased using suitable cleaning strategy such as circulation cleaning strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zeolites with uniform pore structures and surface properties are potential adsorbents for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) adsorption. Although various zeolites have been researched for VOCs adsorption, the adsorption capacity still needs to be improved. In this work, EMT zeolite was synthesized and modified by polyethylene glycol (PEG400) as a high-capacity adsorbent for acetone purification. The structures of sorbents were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm, Fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. Experimental results indicated that 0.6PEG-modified EMT zeolite with high specific surface area, large mesoporous volume, and more hydroxyl groups significantly improved the acetone adsorption property, which was 20.6% higher than pure EMT zeolite. The addition of PEG400 also enhanced the cyclic stability. The adsorption mechanism was further analyzed via adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics, which demonstrated the adsorption of acetone in EMT zeolite belonged to physical adsorption. Overall, PEG400-modified EMT zeolite presented the potential to be a promising candidate for efficient acetone adsorption in commercial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cu-exchanged zeolites are one kind of effective catalysts to eliminate NOx for Selective catalytic reduction with NH3(NH3-SCR) in oxygen-rich exhaust from diesel engines. The microstructure–performance relationships between supports and active sites is crucial to rationally design excellent catalysts for the effective elimination of NOx. Therefore, the effect of topology and element ratio on active species and performance, the new progress in reaction and chemical poisoning mechanism to clarify the nature of the catalytic reactions are reviewed in this article. Furthermore, some new research methods to further promote SCR performance are summarized, which is helping in guiding the rational design of Cu-zeolites catalysts. From the reviewed data, the following important viewpoints emerged: (i) topologies exert different influence on acid properties and the nature of Cu species, which further effect the NH3-SCR performance; (ii) the Si/Al and Cu/Al compositional ratios are key factors in effecting the performance of the Cu-zeolites catalysts; (iii) the degree of chemical inactivation depends on the content and type of impurities; (iv) the common modification methods include the doping of foreign cations or metal oxides and core–shell structures; (v) the active site in the low temperature NH3-SCR catalyst is a mobile transient ion pairs ([(NH3)2CuI-O2-CuI(NH3)2]).Only in the high temperature regime do the NH3-solvated Cu ions decompose to isolated Cu2+ ions that anchor on the zeolite framework and become immobilized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) played a promising role in gas separation. However, the trade‐off between permeability and selectivity is still a challenge for its commercial application. Rational design of the inorganic filler, compatibility of filler with the polymer, and dispersion of filler into the polymer have a significant influence on the morphology and separation performance of a membrane. In this study, in order to produce defect‐free flat sheet MMMs, two different solvents (N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone and ethanol/water) were investigated to maximize the dispersion of filler (multi‐walled carbon nanotubes, MWCNTs) in Pebax. The prepared membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. CO2/N2 permeation tests were undertaken to investigate the solvent effect on membrane permeation properties. The result showed that membranes fabricated with higher molar volume solvent were more efficient for CO2 separation. Considering the trade‐off between different parameters (molar volume of solvent, fraction‐free volume, crystallinity of membranes), the permeability and CO2/N2 selectivity of Pebax/MWCNTs MMMs was optimized to 405 Barrer and 51, respectively. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coal gangue is a typical waste produced during coal mining and washing. Synthesis of zeolites via coal gangue can contribute to resource recycling and environmental protection. In this study, high-silica SSZ-13 was synthesized by one-step hydrothermal synthesis from coal gangue without the traditional pretreatment methods of high-temperature roasting and alkali melting, making it more convenient and energy efficient. The synthesis time, gel silicon–aluminum ratio and silicon source were systematically studied to optimize the synthesis of SSZ-13. Experimental results indicated that the nucleation time of SSZ-13 could be shortened to 7 h, which was half the synthesis time by using chemicals. Tetrahedral aluminum was the main factor for rapid synthesis, which also accelerated the transformation of octahedral aluminum and further accelerated the synthesis of SSZ-13. The DeNOx activity of the synthesized Cu-SSZ-13 was over 90% across a broad range from 180 to 400 °C, and it remained over 85% in this temperature range even after hydrothermal treatment for 12 h. It also demonstrated good water resistance (over 95% DeNOx in the range of 200 to 400 °C) and sulfur resistance (over 95% DeNOx in the presence of 100 ppm SO2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Acetone is a volatile organic compound (VOC) that is often associated with poor air quality. Acetone has chronic toxicity towards humans and has a significant impact on the overall atmospheric air quality. In this study, several layer double oxides (with M2+ = Mg, Ni, Co or Mn and M3+ = Al or Ce) were tested as catalysts for acetone oxidation. Results: MnAl‐LDO was found to be the most efficient catalyst. 50% acetone conversion was achieved at 170 °C (T50%) and 90% conversion at 200 °C (T90%).The incorporation of Ce on MnCeAl‐LDO did not improve its catalytic properties over MnAl‐LDO (the T50% for MnCeAl‐LDO was 12 °C higher than for MnAl‐LDO). The good performance on MnAl‐LDO was due to the presence of Mn3+ and the low reduction temperature. MnAl‐LDO was not affected when water was introduced into the catalytic reaction setup. Less than 5% fluctuation in the acetone conversion rate at 170 and 200 °C was detected in the presence of 5.5% water. The incorporation of Ce on CoCeAl‐LDO improved its catalytic performance over CoAl‐LDO (T50% of CoCeAl‐LDO was 15 °C lower than CoAl‐LDO). Our results showed that the good catalytic performance of CoCeAl‐LDO was ascribed to the increased Co2+/Co3+ ratio and the abundance of lattice oxygen (Olatt). Conclusion: MnAl‐LDO has good catalytic properties for acetone oxidation, even under humid conditions. The LDO catalysts tested here can be developed into efficient catalysts for acetone oxidation and serve as functional materials for the reduction in acetone or VOC emission. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel Mn−Eu−Fe catalysts were prepared via co‐precipitation method for NOx removal by selective catalytic reduction with NH3 (NH3−SCR). The Mn−Eu−Fe(1)‐500 catalyst possessed the highest level of low‐temperature activity, giving 98 % NO conversion at 100 °C. This catalyst also exhibited excellent H2O resistance capacity, even at a high gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 75,000 h−1. The NO conversion still maintained at approximately 90 % in the presence of 15 % H2O at 230 °C after 50 h, and the adverse effects of H2O could be quickly eliminated after the removal of H2O. Detailed characterization and analysis indicated that strong interactions among Mn, Eu and Fe resulted in the excellent low‐temperature SCR activity and H2O resistance of the Mn−Eu−Fe(1)‐500 catalyst. The strong interactions lead to larger specific surface area, higher concentrations of Mn4+, Fe3+ and Oα; improved redox properties, increased acid sites and acid strength, and more adsorption amounts of NO/NH3 in the presence of H2O. The Mn−Eu−Fe(1)‐500 catalyst is a potential future catalyst for low‐temperature NOx removal derived from high‐H2O‐content flue gases of natural gas combustion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermal spallation may be economically advantageous for the drilling of deep wells and is of strong interest for the development of oil, gas and geothermal energy. The lowest required surface temperature (LRST) represents the minimal surface temperature that can induce the spallation of rock. A deeper understanding of the LRST can be used to determine when thermal spallation can be successfully initiated. However, to the best of our knowledge, comparisons of LRST in sandstone and granite have not been performed. Based on experiments and simulations, this study investigated the LRST of one type of granite and one type of sandstone in thermal spallation. First, we conducted thermal spallation experiments using rock specimens and measured the LRST by an infrared thermometer. Then, the heat flux was evaluated and compared between the sandstone and granite specimens. Meanwhile, a three-dimensional numerical model was built to simulate the heat transfer and stress distribution in the granite and sandstone specimens. The temperature and von Mises stress between the granite and sandstone specimens were compared, and then the breakage-probability factors were investigated to compare the experimental results and simulation results. This study clarifies the differences in LRST between one type of granite and one type of sandstone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of global economy, an increasing amount of attention has been paid to the emission of greenhouse gases, especially CO2. In recent years, dominated by the governments around the world, several significant projects of CO2 sequestration have been conducted. However, due to the huge investment and poor economic effects, the sustainability of those projects is not satisfactory. Supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) has prominent advantages in well drilling, fracturing, displacement, storage, plug and scale removal within tubing and casing, which could bring considerable economic benefits along with CO2 sequestration. In this paper, based on physicochemical properties of SC-CO2 fluid, a detailed analysis of technical advantages of SC-CO2 applied in oil and gas development is illustrated. Furthermore, the implementation processes of SC-CO2 are also proposed. For the first time, a recycling process is presented in which oil and gas are extracted and the CO2 generated could be restored underground, thus an integrated technology system is formed. Considering the recent interests in the development of enhancing hydrocarbon recoveries and CO2 sequestration, this approach provides a promising technique that can achieve these two goals simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The low temperature specific heats of (FeCo)BSiNb amorphous and crystallized alloys are measured and analyzed from 1.4 to 110 K. Specific heats can be well fitted by electronic and phonon contribution terms. It is found that the electronic contribution term in specific heat for amorphous alloy is larger than that for crystallized one, and this phenomenon has been interpreted in detail. The research shows that the electronic density of states at the Fermi level and the localized loose 'rattler' atoms in oversized cage structure may make contributions to the enhancement of electronic specific heat coefficient γ, and result in a larger electronic contribution term. This study is significant for further understanding the structure-property relationship for amorphous alloys at low temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low temperature specific heats of Fe $$_{50}$$ Co $$_{50}$$ B $$_{20}$$ Si $$_{4}$$ Nb $$_{4}$$ bulk metallic glass annealed at different temperatures are studied from 1 to 110 K, and the effects of annealing on the specific heat and boson peak are analyzed. It is found that the specific heat deviates from the Debye model, and the boson peak moves to higher temperature and the intensity decreases with isothermally annealing. By analyzing the experimental data, the origin of the boson peak is interpreted using the localized harmonic modes based on the vibrations of loose 'rattler' atoms in the oversized cage structure. The results have significant implications for understanding the structure-property relationship of metallic glasses at low temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two fundamental issues surrounding research on Zipf’s law regarding city sizes are whether and why this law holds. This paper does not deal with the latter issue with respect to why, and instead investigates whether Zipf’s law holds in a global setting, thus involving all cities around the world. Unlike previous studies, which have mainly relied on conventional census data such as populations and census-bureau-imposed definitions of cities, we adopt naturally (in terms of data speak for itself) delineated cities, or natural cities, to be more precise, in order to examine Zipf’s law. We find that Zipf’s law holds remarkably well for all natural cities at the global level, and it remains almost valid at the continental level except for Africa at certain time instants. We further examine the law at the country level, and note that Zipf’s law is violated from country to country or from time to time. This violation is mainly due to our limitations; we are limited to individual countries, or to a static view on city-size distributions. The central argument of this paper is that Zipf’s law is universal, and we therefore must use the correct scope in order to observe it. We further find Zipf’s law applied to city numbers; the number of cities in the largest country is twice as many as that in the second largest country, three times as many as that in the third largest country, and so on. These findings have profound implications for big data and the science of cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]