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Left hemisphere injury can cause right spastic arm paralysis and aphasia, and recovery of both motor and language functions shares similar compensatory mechanisms and processes. Contralateral cervical seventh cross transfer (CC7) surgery can provide motor recovery for spastic arm paralysis by triggering interhemispheric plasticity, and self‐reports from patients indicate spontaneous improvement in language function but still need to be verified. To explore the improvements in motor and language function after CC7 surgery, we performed this prospective observational cohort study. The Upper Extremity part of Fugl‐Meyer scale (UEFM) and Modified Ashworth Scale were used to evaluate motor function, and Aphasia Quotient calculated by Mandarin version of the Western Aphasia Battery (WAB‐AQ, larger score indicates better language function) was assessed for language function. In 20 patients included, the average scores of UEFM increased by.40 and 3.70 points from baseline to 1‐week and 6‐month post‐surgery, respectively. The spasticity of the elbow and fingers decreased significantly at 1‐week post‐surgery, although partially recurred at 6‐month follow‐up. The average scores of WAB‐AQ were increased by 9.14 and 10.69 points at 1‐week and 6‐month post‐surgery (P <.001 for both), respectively. Post‐surgical fMRI scans revealed increased activity in the bilateral hemispheres related to language centrals, including the right precentral cortex and right gyrus rectus. These findings suggest that CC7 surgery not only enhances motor function but may also improve the aphasia quotient in patients with right arm paralysis and aphasia due to left hemisphere injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cruise industry is obliged by economic and environmental initiatives to pursue fuel-efficient solutions and lower ship exhaust emissions. The medium voltage DC (MVDC) distribution with intelligent power management has become a concept for next-generation onboard power systems as its energy-saving feature is to eliminate the frequency constraint and simultaneously optimize engine loads and speed in response to load variations. The incentive for this transition lies on one hand in the fuel efficiency consideration and the reduction of power losses from serial conversion stages. On the other hand, the DC-based technology has been conceived as high-power density design, thus significantly increasing the payload. This study investigates such potential benefits focusing exclusively on large cruise vessels. A highly representative model of the integrated power platform that incorporates all dynamic interactions from the ship hull and essential machinery typically installed on board cruise ships is proposed. The power management strategy also takes account of actual sea conditions and real-time operation requirements. The simulation results demonstrate that the optimization-based MVDC system is able to maximize the opportunity of search agents in finding optimum fuel efficiency areas throughout the scenario time. An analysis of the system structure weight and space reduction of the MVDC architecture is also performed through the utilization of more compact electrical distribution devices and very high power-dense combustion turbines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible sensors are essential components in emerging fields such as epidermal electronics, biomedicine, and human-computer interactions, and creating high-performance sensors through simple structural design for practical applications is increasingly needed. Presently, challenges still exist in establishing efficient models of flexible piezoresistive pressure sensors to predict the design required for achieving target performance. This work establishes a theoretical model of a flexible pressure sensor with a simple laminated and enclosed structure. In the modeling, the electrical constriction effect is innovatively introduced to explain the sensitization mechanism of the laminated structure to a broad range of pressures and to predict the sensor performance. The experimental results confirmed the effectiveness of the theoretical model. The sensor exhibited excellent stability for up to three million cycles and superior durability when exposed to salt solution owing to its simple laminated and enclosed structural design. Finally, a wearable sensing system for real-time collection and analysis of plantar pressure is constructed for exercise and rehabilitation monitoring applications. This work aims to provide theoretical guidance for the rapid design and construction of flexible pressure sensors with target performance for practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common chronic gastrointestinal disorder, but its diagnosis and treatment remain obscure. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), as potential biomarkers, have attracted increasing attention in digestive diseases. Here, we present a comprehensive research status, development trends, and valuable insights in this subject area. The literature search was performed using Web of Science Core Collection. VOSviewer 1.6.20, Citespace 6.2.R4, and Microsoft Excel 2021 were used for bibliometric analysis. A total of 124 articles were included in the analysis. Overall, publication patterns fluctuated. Globally, People's Republic of China, the USA, and Germany were the top three contributors of publications. Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, University of California, Mayo Clinic, and University of California, Los Angeles contributed the highest number of publications. The pathways and specific mechanisms by which ncRNAs regulate transcription and translation and thus regulate the pathophysiological processes of IBS are the main research hotspots in this field. We found that microRNA (miRNAs) are intricately involved in the regulation of key pathologies such as viscera sensitivity, intestinal permeability, intestinal mucosal barrier, immunoinflammatory response, and brain-gut axis in the IBS, and these topics have garnered significant attention in research community. Notably, microecological disorders are also associated with IBS pathogenesis, and ncRNA may play an important role in the interactions between host and intestinal flora. This is the first bibliometric study to comprehensively summarize the research hotspots and trends related to IBS and ncRNAs (especially miRNAs). Our findings will help understand the role of ncRNAs in IBS and provide guidance to future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, an adaptive continuous sliding mode control (SMC) scheme is presented for the trajectory tracking problem of mechanical systems with parameter uncertainties, external disturbances and actuator faults. The hyperbolic tangent function is widely used to replace the signum function in SMC to ensure that the robust term is continuous and to reduce chattering. Since such an approach is difficult for SMC schemes with adaptive gain to induce system stability through Lyapunov functions, we reconstruct the hyperbolic tangent function by taking both the adaptive control gain and sliding variables as inputs. The designed gain dynamics do not require a priori upper bound on lumped uncertainties, including parameter uncertainties, external disturbances and actuator faults, and ensure no overestimated gains. Besides, an adaptive dual-layer super-twisting (ADLST) observer is adopted to accurately estimate unmeasurable velocities, which achieves the synthesis of an adaptive sliding mode observer and the continuous SMC method with adaptive gain. It is proven through the Lyapunov function that all closed-loop signals are ultimately bounded. Comparative simulations are conducted on a two-link rigid manipulator to demonstrate the effectiveness of the adopted observer and the proposed scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This Bayesian network meta‐analysis was performed to analyze the associations between clinicopathological characteristics and BRAF mutations in ameloblastoma (AM) patients and to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy. Materials and Methods: Four electronic databases were searched from 2010 to 2024. The search terms used were specific to BRAF and AM. Observational studies or randomized controlled trials were considered eligible. The incidence of BRAF mutation and corresponding clinicopathological features in AM patients were subjected to Bayesian network analyses and diagnostic accuracy evaluation. Results: A total of 937 AM patients from 20 studies were included. The pooled prevalence of BRAF mutations in AM patients was 72%. According to the Bayesian network analysis, BRAF mutations are more likely to occur in younger (odds ratio [OR], 2.3; credible interval [CrI]: 1.2–4.5), mandible site (OR, 3.6; 95% CrI: 2.7–5.2), and unicystic (OR, 1.6; 95% CrI: 1.1–2.4) AM patients. Similarly, higher diagnostic accuracy was found in the younger, mandible, and unicystic AM groups. Conclusions: The incidence, risk, and diagnostic accuracy of BRAF mutation in AM were greater in younger patients, those with mandible involvement, and those with unicystic AM than in patients with other clinicopathological features. In addition, there was a strong concordance in the diagnostic accuracy between molecular tests and immunohistochemical analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To assist vessels in meeting the net-zero emission target set by the International Maritime Organization for 2050, this article investigates the emission and combustion characteristics of biodiesel–ammonia dual-fuel engines. This research investigates the impact of various ammonia mass ratios (AMRs, m%) at 0, 14.67%, 29.48%, 46.21%, 58.73%, and 82.72% on the combustion and emission performance of biodiesel–ammonia dual-fuel engines at fixed speed and load. The results show that the biodiesel–ammonia dual-fuel engine is capable of operating at a substantial AMR of 82.72%. In addition, as the AMR increased, the in-cylinder pressure and brake thermal efficiency decreased. The heat release rate peaked at 57.13% AMR. When compared to the only-biodiesel mode, NOx, CO2, and soot emissions are significantly reduced. CO2 and soot emissions decreased by 63.43% and 60%, respectively, at 82.72% AMR, while NOx emissions fell by 34.15% at 58.73% AMR. The emissions of N2O and unburned ammonia rose linearly as AMR increased. The increase in N2O did not counteract the substantial fall in CO2e. CO2e fell by 63.12% at 82.72% AMR, following a trend to similar CO2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Chinese government has proposed new standards for the rural energy consumption structure in the context of rural regeneration. In the case where traditional energy still dominates the rural energy consumption structure, it is critical to investigate the key factors influencing rural energy transformation against the backdrop of rural revitalization in order to promote the transition from traditional to clean energy in rural areas. To identify the influential aspects, this paper conducts a literature analysis and an expert evaluation. Second, the decision-making experiment and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) technique is improved by studying the 24 influencing elements and their hierarchical relationships using the type-2 interval fuzzy number (IT2TrFN) and the maximum mean-decreasing entropy (MMDE) approach. A novel multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) model is developed to give a theoretical foundation and recommendations for decision-making in areas such as rural energy policy formulation. The following are the primary conclusions: Energy technology service workers are the most profound factors, with the most driving force and dependence, and have the greatest impact on other factors. Environmental attitudes, perceptions, and societal green expectations are highly dependent and low-driver characteristics that are easily influenced by other factors. Based on this, related recommendations are made to encourage the advancement of rural clean energy as a replacement for traditional energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To understand the influences of emulsified fuel on ship exhaust emissions more comprehensively, the emissions of particulate matter (PM), nitrated, oxygenated and parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were studied on a ship main engine burning emulsified heavy fuel oil (EHFO) and heavy fuel oil (HFO) as a reference. The results demonstrate that EHFO (emulsified heavy fuel oil) exhibits notable abilities to significantly reduce emissions of particulate matter (PM) and low molecular weight PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) in the gas phase, particularly showcasing maximum reductions of 13.99% and 40.5%, respectively. Nevertheless, burning EHFO could increase the emission of high molecular weight PAHs in fine particles and pose a consequent higher carcinogenic risk for individual particles. The total average (gaseous plus particulate) ΣBEQ of EHFO exhausts (41.5 μg/m3) was generally higher than that of HFO exhausts (18.7 μg/m3). Additionally, the combustion of EHFO (extra-heavy fuel oil) can significantly alter the emission quantity, composition, and particle-size distribution of PAH derivatives. These changes may be linked to molecular structures, such as zigzag configurations in C=O bonds. Our findings may favor the comprehensive environmental assessments on the onboard application of EHFO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to determine the physiological mechanism of drought resistance of northern wheat in China, six drought resistant wheat and one sensitivity to drought wheat were planted in pots. They were subjected to drought treatment and normal water when the plants grew to the 3-leaf stage. Samples were collected at 10, 20, 30, and 40 days after the drought treatment, respectively. The electrical conductivity, photosynthetic parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, sugar content, proline content, protein content, and active oxygen scavenging enzyme activity of the plants were detected, and the agronomic traits of the wheat varieties were investigated at maturity. The results indicated that the phenotype and yield-related factors of Darkhan 144 changed little under the drought stress. The relative electrical conductivity of Kefeng 6 and Darkhan 166 was lower under the drought stress, and their cell membrane was less damaged. The Darkhan 144 and Darkhan 166 had higher drought resistance coefficients, and were the wheat varieties with stronger drought resistance. However, the physiological mechanisms of drought resistance of these three wheat were different: Darkhan 144 maintained a higher photosynthetic activity under the drought stress; Darkhan 166 maintained a higher protein content, photosynthetic activity and active oxygen scavenging enzyme activity. In addition, other drought-resistant varieties Kefeng 6, Kefeng 10 and Longmai 26 had a higher content of osmoregulatory substances under the drought stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: We aimed to investigate bone metastasis induced by Notch signalling pathway dysregulation and to demonstrate that SPARC is a potential therapeutic target in adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) with Notch dysregulation. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 144 AdCC patients. RNA‐sequencing and enrichment analyses were performed using 32 AdCC samples. Osteonectin/SPARC and the Notch activation indicator Notch intracellular domain (NICD) were detected using immunohistochemistry. Cell proliferation and migration assays were conducted using stably NICD over‐expressing cells. The effect of SPARC on osteoclast differentiation in NICD cells was investigated using western blotting, quantitative reverse transcription PCR, tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase staining and resorption assays. Results: RNA‐sequencing analysis showed that genes down‐regulated in Notch‐mutant AdCCs, such as SPARC, were enriched in ossification and osteoblast differentiation. Most (75/110, 68.2%) Notch1‐wild‐type AdCCs showed SPARC over‐expression, whereas 30 out of 34 (88.2%) Notch1‐mutant tumours showed low SPARC expression. SPARC over‐expression was then found negatively to be correlated with NICD expression in 144 AdCCs. NICD over‐expression promoted cell growth, migration and osteoclast differentiation, which could be partly reversed by exogenous SPARC. Conclusions: Notch activation in AdCC contributes to bone metastasis through SPARC inhibition. The study results suggest that SPARC may represent a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible tactile sensors have attracted much attention since they can imitate the sensory functions of the human hand skin, showing conceivable applications in humanoid robots, human–machine interactions and so on. Unfortunately, the practical performance of these sensors is restricted by the drawback of inconvenient-multifunctional responses, such as force and temperature-derived bimodal signals with high coupling that need to be decoupled via complex algorithms. Herein, in this study, a novel IL/SWCNTs/PEDOT:PSS nanocomposite film was fabricated and has a Seebeck coefficient of 29.1 μV K−1 and an electrical conductivity of 8448 S m−1, in which PEDOT:PSS forms a stable flexible matrix, SWCNTs provide a continuous conductive network, and the incorporation of IL plays dual roles in promoting the dispersion uniformity of SWCNTs and the phase separation of PEDOT:PSS. Furthermore, via the piezoresistive mechanism and thermoelectric output principle, this nanocomposite film derived dual-modal flexible tactile sensor was endowed with the comprehensive features of pressure and temperature response behaviors without any mutual coupling manner, manifesting the skin-like functions of selective sensing capability. Finally, this flexible device is integrated into a humanoid hand for accurately distinguishing the materials and shapes of objects, demonstrating a recognition accuracy of over 98% via the aid of a machine-learning strategy. It can be believed that this study will inspire the development of next-generation biomimetic robots with tactile perception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pilot-diesel-ignition ammonia combustion engines have attracted widespread attentions from the maritime sector, but there are still bottleneck problems such as high unburned NH3 and N2O emissions as well as low thermal efficiency that need to be solved before further applications. In this study, a concept termed as in-cylinder reforming gas recirculation is initiated to simultaneously improve the thermal efficiency and reduce the unburned NH3, NOx, N2O and greenhouse gas emissions of pilot-diesel-ignition ammonia combustion engine. For this concept, one cylinder of the multi-cylinder engine operates rich of stoichiometric and the excess ammonia in the cylinder is partially decomposed into hydrogen, then the exhaust of this dedicated reforming cylinder is recirculated into the other cylinders and therefore the advantages of hydrogen-enriched combustion and exhaust gas recirculation can be combined. The results show that at 3% diesel energetic ratio and 1000 rpm, the engine can increase the indicated thermal efficiency by 15.8% and reduce the unburned NH3 by 89.3%, N2O by 91.2% compared to the base/traditional ammonia engine without the proposed method. At the same time, it is able to reduce carbon footprint by 97.0% and greenhouse gases by 94.0% compared to the traditional pure diesel mode.Pilot-diesel-ignition ammonia combustion engines effective adoption is still limited by high unburned emissions and low thermal efficiency. Here, authors propose an in-cylinder reforming gas recirculation concept to improve engine thermal efficiency while reducing unburned NH3, NOx, N2O and GHG emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, particulate matter (PM) emissions from a large two-stroke, low-speed marine diesel engine were investigated when the engine was operated with low-sulfur heavy fuel oil (HFO) at various loads. Particle samples were collected in situ from the engine exhaust to determine the detailed physical and chemical properties. The nanostructure and morphology of the nanoparticles were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy images (TEM). The results show that volatile organic carbon (OC) accounts for more than 80% in the HFO particles and leads to an increase in particle size. The thermodynamic conditions of a low-speed engine favor the behavior of capturing the soluble organic components. A large number of spherical char HFO particles with aerodynamic diameters of 0.2 μm–0.5 μm and a suspected inner metal core were detected. The two peak aerodynamic diameters of the HFO nanoparticles are 15 nm and 86 nm. The morphological differences among the HFO nanoparticles in varied engine conditions represent the formation process from primary nascent particles to mature graphitized particles caused by thermodynamics. The above study will be valuable for understanding the characteristics of PM emissions from low-sulfur HFO to achieve the ship PM emissions reduction target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inspired by the tactile sensory mechanism of human skin, ionic hydrogels‐derived ionic flexible sensors have attracted much attention since they can produce output signals that match the recognition mode of nerves, showing a potential application in the human‐machine interaction. Unfortunately, the practical sensing properties of ionic hydrogels are restricted by the drawbacks of hydroelastic instability and non‐selective response ability, such as poor mechanical strength, irretentive solvent retaining capacity, and low‐temperature intolerance. Herein, in this study, a novel physical‐crosslink enhanced ionic hydrogel‐PVA/PEG/TA‐MXene‐Na+/Li+ (PPM‐NL) nanocomposite is prepared and shows well comprehensive properties of mechanical strength (400% elongation at break, 0.93 MPa), electrical conductivity (8.1 S m−1), tear resistance, self‐healing and anti‐freezing/drying features (93% water retention after sixty days and frost resistance −27 °C). The PPM‐NL hydrogel‐derived flexible sensor displays selective response behavior to tensile and compressive deformation with high sensitivity (G = 1.12) and rapid response time (only 60 ms). Further, this ionic flexible device is applied to monitor the joint motions of humanoid hands and integrated into manipulators to recognize the thickness and softness of objects, showing superior environmental stability. It can be believed that this ionic flexible sensor will provide inspiration for developing next‐generation biomimetic tactile perception of robots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focusing on the global financial crisis period, this paper examines risk disclosure patterns and outcomes in a cross‐country setting. We build on prior risk disclosure literature and draw upon institutional and agency‐based theoretical lenses to investigate the nature, comprehensiveness, evolution, and quality of disclosed risk information for matched samples of manufacturing firms in the United States, Canada, Germany, and China (Chinese Hong Kong‐listed firms). The results show a high degree of heterogeneity in risk disclosure behavior and volume among the sample firms attributed to both institutional differences and corporate reporting incentives in the study period. Furthermore, we document significant associations between risk proxies, risk disclosures, and firm market performance suggesting that corporate risk disclosures are potentially informative and useful to investors and other stakeholders. The paper highlights the important joint role of corporate incentives and legal institutions in interpreting and implementing accounting standards and stock exchange listing regulations around the world and during turbulent times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Malignant glioma carries a poor prognosis despite current therapeutic modalities. Standard of care therapy consists of surgical resection, fractionated radiotherapy concurrently administered with temozolomide (TMZ), a DNA-alkylating chemotherapeutic agent, followed by adjuvant TMZ. O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), a DNA repair enzyme, removes alkylated lesions from tumor DNA, thereby promoting chemoresistance. MGMT promoter methylation status predicts responsiveness to TMZ; patients harboring unmethylated MGMT (~60% of glioblastoma) have a poorer prognosis with limited treatment benefits from TMZ. Methods: Via lentiviral-mediated delivery into LN18 glioma cells, we employed deactivated Cas9-CRISPR technology to target the MGMT promoter and enhancer regions for methylation, as mediated by the catalytic domain of the methylation enzyme DNMT3A. Methylation patterns were examined at a clonal level in regions containing Differentially Methylation Regions (DMR1, DMR2) and the Methylation Specific PCR (MSP) region used for clinical assessment of MGMT methylation status. Correlative studies of genomic and transcriptomic effects of dCas9/CRISPR-based methylation were performed via Illumina 850K methylation array platform and bulk RNA-Seq analysis. Results: We used the dCas9/DNMT3A catalytic domain to achieve targeted MGMT methylation at specific CpG clusters in the vicinity of promoter, enhancer, DMRs and MSP regions. Consequently, we observed MGMT downregulation and enhanced glioma chemosensitivity in survival assays in vitro, with minimal off-target effects. Conclusion: dCas9/CRISPR is a viable method of epigenetic editing, using the DNMT3A catalytic domain. This study provides initial proof-of-principle for CRISPR technology applications in malignant glioma, laying groundwork for subsequent translational studies, with implications for future epigenetic editing-based clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black carbon (BC) emissions from shipboard diesel engines are the next potentially important issue of interest to the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and are considered to have a significant impact on the climate environment and human health. However, theories and technologies regarding the mechanisms of black carbon formation, oxidizing and influencing factors, emission detection methods, and abatement techniques are still missing in science and engineering. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of relevant advances in international maritime regulations, the frontier theory on formation mechanisms, comprehensive physical and chemical properties, and the potential reduction measures and control measures of emissions. These results suggest that BC is produced in the combustion flame of fuel and is related to the nucleation as well as the formation of PAHs. It helps to understand the initial generation process of black carbon and reduce its emission by studying it in detail and revealing some key factors, including micromorphology, nanostructural features, surface functional groups, oxidizing activity, size distribution, and elemental composition. Further, an in-depth understanding of the complex characteristics of BC can also help to identify viable BC measurement techniques and instrumentation for marine engines, thereby enhancing emission regulation. Overall, extensive technology can reduce BC emissions from marine diesel engines by approximately 50%. The information contained in this report can be used as a significant reference to further explore the BC formation mechanism and develop exclusive BC emission control strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are an important subset of innate immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, and they are pivotal regulators of tumor-promoting inflammation and tumor progression. Evidence has proven that TAM numbers are substantially increased in cancers, and most of these TAMs are polarized toward the alternatively activated M2 phenotype; Thus, these TAMs strongly promote the progression of cancer diseases. Type 1 innate lymphocytes (ILC1s) are present in high numbers in intestinal tissues and are characterized by the expression of the transcription factor T-bet and the secretion of interferon (IFN)-γ, which can promote macrophages to polarize toward the classically activated antitumor M1 phenotype. However, the relationship between these two cell subsets in colon cancer remains unclear. Methods: Flow cytometry was used to determine the percentages of M1-like macrophages, M2-like macrophages and ILC1s in colon cancer tissues and paracancerous healthy colon tissues in the AOM/DSS-induced mouse model of colon cancer. Furthermore, ILC1s were isolated and bone marrow-derived macrophages were generated to analyze the crosstalk that occurred between these cells when cocultured in vitro. Moreover, ILC1s were adoptively transferred or inhibited in vivo to explore the effects of ILC1s on tumor-infiltrating macrophages and tumor growth. Results: We found that the percentages of M1-like macrophages and ILC1s were decreased in colon cancer tissues, and these populations were positively correlated. ILC1s promoted the polarization of macrophages toward the classically activated M1-like phenotype in vitro, and this effect could be blocked by an anti-IFN-γ antibody. The in vivo results showed that the administration of the Group 1 innate lymphocyte-blocking anti-NK1.1 antibody decreased the number of M1-like macrophages in the tumor tissues of MC38 tumor-bearing mice and promoted tumor growth, and adoptive transfer of ILC1s inhibited tumors and increased the percentage of M1-like macrophages in MC38 tumor-bearing mice. Conclusions: Our studies preliminarily prove for the first time that ILC1s promote the activation of M1-like macrophages by secreting IFN-γ and inhibit the progression of colon cancer, which may provide insight into immunotherapeutic approaches for colon cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is widely regarded as the midterm solution toward zero-carbon transportation at sea. However, further applications of gas engines are challenging due to their weak dynamic load performance. Therefore, the comprehension of and improvements in the dynamic performance of gas-engine-based power systems are necessary and urgent. A detailed review of research on mechanisms, modeling, and optimization is indispensable to summarize current studies and solutions. Developments in engine air-path systems and power system load control have been summarized and compared. Mechanism studies and modeling methods for engine dynamic performance were investigated and concluded considering the trade-off between precision and simulation cost. Beyond existing studies, this review provides insights into the challenges and potential pathways for future applications in decarbonization and energy diversification. For further utilization of clean fuels, like ammonia and hydrogen, the need for advanced air–fuel ratio control becomes apparent. These measures should be grounded in a deep understanding of current gas engines and the combustion characteristics of new fuels. Additionally, the inherent low inertia feature of electric power systems, and consequently the weak dynamic performance when adopting renewable energies, must be considered and studied to ensure system reliability and safety during transient conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the size of SiC crystals gradually increase, it becomes increasingly difficult to control the temperature distribution inside the crucible. In this study, numerical simulation tools were used to model the thermal field of SiC single crystal growth using the resistance heating PVT method. Through adjusting the relative position of the heater, adjusting the crucible and insulation structure, and setting up dual heaters, the temperature field distribution patterns under different conditions were obtained. The research results indicate that adjusting the relative positions of the heater, the crucible and insulation structure can achieve uniform temperature conditions under specific conditions. The use of dual heaters can achieve ideal crystal growth conditions with a growth interface temperature difference of less than 10 K, and an axial temperature gradient magnitude of about 10 K/cm, with a smaller edge axial temperature gradient, which is helpful to avoid edge polycrystalline formation and improve crystal quality. Meanwhile, combined with the top insulation layer, more energy-saving effects can be achieved, providing a reference for the preparation of large-sized SiC crystals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the storage quality of adzuki bean paste from starch aging, the effects of glycolipid addition on the properties of gelatinization and retrogradation properties of adzuki flour obtained by the retrogradation inside adzuki bean during storage and transportation are investigated. The results indicate the significant differences in the gelatinization and the distribution of starch granules for different varieties of beans. The higher gelatinization temperature of adzuki flour results in the lower enthalpy of gelatinization with an undulating tendency of the retrogradation due to the short-term aging of amylose and long-term aging of amylopectin within adzuki flour. In the early stage of aging, the coexistence of protein, fat, and starch inside adzuki flour hinder the aging of starch. An Avrami equation is introduced to characterize the aging process of the starch–protein–fat–water system of different varieties of adzuki flours. The nucleation mode of the crystal nucleus has a significant effect on the aging rate of different varieties of adzuki flour. The fat in the system fails to demonstrate a significant effect on the nucleation mode of starch retrogradation. The addition of glycolipids increases the gelatinization enthalpy of adzuki flour. Glycolipids can reduce the aging degree of adzuki flour, and the inhibition effect on the retrogradation of sucrose monoester is greater than that of maltose monoester. The research results provide the valuable guidance for the high-quality processing and storage of adzuki bean paste from starch aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cu–Sn shape-memory microw ires were fabricated by a glass-coated melt spinning method. Effects of Sn content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of microwires were investigated. The phase transforms from martensite to austenite with an increase in Sn from 14.0 atomic percent (at.%) to 16.5 at.%. When the Sn content exceeds 16.5 at.%, a highly ordered intermetallic phase, δ, formed. The fracture stress (σf) and the critical stress for martensitic transformation (σMs) increases with an increase in Sn content. The mechanical properties as well as the superelasticity were greatly improved by a high cooling rate in the glass-coated melt spinning method. A bamboo-grained structure was formed in the Cu–Sn microwire with a Sn content of 16 at.% by annealing at 750 °C for 5 h before quenching in water. The results indicate that two opposite strategies of refining the grain size to the micrometer level, or increasing the grain size to a one dimensional size of specimen, e.g., the diameter of the wire, are both effective in improving the superelasticity of the Cu–Sn alloy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the characteristics of the responses of mechanical failure of coal–rock masses including their structures and karst fissures to energy conversion, the threshold characteristics of instantaneous energy conversion of coal–rock masses subjected to failure were revealed. This work took the evolution characteristics of water-bearing structures for gas outburst-prone coal–rock masses as the context for experimental research using a GCTS fluid–solid coupling triaxial servo-motor testing system. The results indicated that, under the effects of water weakening and moistening, the greater the degree of water saturation for coal specimens, the lower their peak strength, the larger the deformation experienced by coal specimens. As the water content increases, the failure characteristics of coal–rock masses tend to be simple, while the morphology characterized by small-sized cracks co-existed in the surrounding zone dominated by coalesced fissures is changed into simple coalesced fissure type, and the total crack propagation length increases accordingly. It is inferred that there is a certain correlation between the stress–strain curve of water-bearing coal specimens and the energy response characteristic curve. This finding implies that the energy conversion process of water-bearing specimens under increasing stress can be divided into four stages: the linear increases in elastic strain energy (stage I), the energy transfer and transformation (stage II), the energy transition (stage III), and the linear increases of dissipated energy (stage IV). Meanwhile, the available eigenvalue coefficient Ai is used to characterize the correlation between the aforementioned curves. Based on this result, a predictive model for the energy conversion curves of water-bearing specimens under mining-induced stress was established. The magnitude of energy erupted by coupled fluids within coal–rock masses under the driving coupled stresses including disturbance stress, hydraulic pressure, and gas pressure and potential degree of damage can then be predicted; consequently, prediction and early warning of compound dynamic disasters can be realized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of low-carbon or zero-carbon fuel-driven engines has become a key technology to help reduce emissions under the background of carbon neutrality. Ammonia fuel has the advantages of low boiling point and high octane rating, but it also has the disadvantages of high self-ignition temperature and slow combustion speed. Direct injection of liquid ammonia has the potential to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions while maintaining engine power output, especially under high replacement ratio conditions. Meanwhile, liquid ammonia has a lower boiling point than traditional fossil fuels and is more likely to enter superheat state with plenty of bubbles nucleated inside the nozzle. After injection, bubble puffing/micro-explosion occurs inside the jet and thus accelerates the atomization and evaporation process of the spray. In this study, a micro-imaging technique was adopted to investigate the near-field characteristics and the gasification process inside the nozzle. Besides, both Schlieren and diffused backlit imaging techniques were applied to characterize the two-phase distribution evolution. By scanning a wide range of flash-boiling conditions, it is found that 3.5% of gasification ratio and 200.0% of near-field volume increment were achieved respectively inside and outside the nozzle at high fuel temperature conditions. Moreover, the linear increment of the gasification ratio accelerates the two-phase distribution area of ammonia spray exponentially. These results would provide insightful information for two-phase evolution and developing simulation models of ammonia sprays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The detection of β-galactosidase (β-gal) activity produced by Escherichia coli (E. coli) can quickly analyze the pollution degree of seawater bodies in bathing and fishing grounds to avoid large-scale outbreaks of water pollution. Here, a functionalized biosensor based on graphene-based field effect transistor (GFET) modified with heat-denatured casein was developed for the ultrasensitive and label-free detection of the β-gal produced by E. coli in real water samples. The heat-denatured casein coated on the graphene surface, as a probe linker and blocker, plays an important role in fabricating GEFT biosensor. The GFET biosensor response to the β-gal produced by E. coli has a wide concentration dynamic range spanning nine orders of magnitude, in a concentration range of 1 fg·mL−1–100 ng·mL−1, with a limit of detection (LOD) 0.187 fg·mL−1 (1.61 aM). In addition to its attomole sensitivity, the GFET biosensor selectively recognized the β-gal in the water sample and showed good selectivity. Importantly, the detection process of the β-gal produced by E. coli can be completed by a straightforward one-step specific immune recognition reaction. These results demonstrated the usefulness of the approach, meeting environmental monitoring requirements for future use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compressed sensing (CS) MRI has shown great potential in enhancing time efficiency. Deep learning techniques, specifically generative adversarial networks (GANs), have emerged as potent tools for speedy CS-MRI reconstruction. Yet, as the complexity of deep learning reconstruction models increases, this can lead to prolonged reconstruction time and challenges in achieving convergence. In this study, we present a novel GAN-based model that delivers superior performance without the model complexity escalating. Our generator module, built on the U-net architecture, incorporates dilated residual (DR) networks, thus expanding the network's receptive field without increasing parameters or computational load. At every step of the downsampling path, this revamped generator module includes a DR network, with the dilation rates adjusted according to the depth of the network layer. Moreover, we have introduced a channel attention mechanism (CAM) to distinguish between channels and reduce background noise, thereby focusing on key information. This mechanism adeptly combines global maximum and average pooling approaches to refine channel attention. We conducted comprehensive experiments with the designed model using public domain MRI datasets of the human brain. Ablation studies affirmed the efficacy of the modified modules within the network. Incorporating DR networks and CAM elevated the peak signal-to-noise ratios (PSNR) of the reconstructed images by about 1.2 and 0.8 dB, respectively, on average, even at 10× CS acceleration. Compared to other relevant models, our proposed model exhibits exceptional performance, achieving not only excellent stability but also outperforming most of the compared networks in terms of PSNR and SSIM. When compared with U-net, DR-CAM-GAN's average gains in SSIM and PSNR were 14% and 15%, respectively. Its MSE was reduced by a factor that ranged from two to seven. The model presents a promising pathway for enhancing the efficiency and quality of CS-MRI reconstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are an important subset of innate immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, and they are pivotal regulators of tumor-promoting inflammation and tumor progression. Evidence has proven that TAM numbers are substantially increased in cancers, and most of these TAMs are polarized toward the alternatively activated M2 phenotype; Thus, these TAMs strongly promote the progression of cancer diseases. Type 1 innate lymphocytes (ILC1s) are present in high numbers in intestinal tissues and are characterized by the expression of the transcription factor T-bet and the secretion of interferon (IFN)-γ, which can promote macrophages to polarize toward the classically activated antitumor M1 phenotype. However, the relationship between these two cell subsets in colon cancer remains unclear. Methods: Flow cytometry was used to determine the percentages of M1-like macrophages, M2-like macrophages and ILC1s in colon cancer tissues and paracancerous healthy colon tissues in the AOM/DSS-induced mouse model of colon cancer. Furthermore, ILC1s were isolated and bone marrow-derived macrophages were generated to analyze the crosstalk that occurred between these cells when cocultured in vitro. Moreover, ILC1s were adoptively transferred or inhibited in vivo to explore the effects of ILC1s on tumor-infiltrating macrophages and tumor growth. Results: We found that the percentages of M1-like macrophages and ILC1s were decreased in colon cancer tissues, and these populations were positively correlated. ILC1s promoted the polarization of macrophages toward the classically activated M1-like phenotype in vitro, and this effect could be blocked by an anti-IFN-γ antibody. The in vivo results showed that the administration of the Group 1 innate lymphocyte-blocking anti-NK1.1 antibody decreased the number of M1-like macrophages in the tumor tissues of MC38 tumor-bearing mice and promoted tumor growth, and adoptive transfer of ILC1s inhibited tumors and increased the percentage of M1-like macrophages in MC38 tumor-bearing mice. Conclusions: Our studies preliminarily prove for the first time that ILC1s promote the activation of M1-like macrophages by secreting IFN-γ and inhibit the progression of colon cancer, which may provide insight into immunotherapeutic approaches for colon cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 10m chord versine is commonly used as the standard to evaluate track irregularity in medium and low speed maglev (MLSM). However, the amplitude frequency of the mid-chord offset method suffers distortion, which is more serious in the short waveform range, and the 10m chord versine will lose a lot of short waveform signals. Therefore, 10m chord versine cannot be used in engineering practice as the true track irregularity. To solve this problem, the method of numerical simulation is used to simulate the process mid-chord offset method. By comparing the errors of 10m chord versine in time domain and frequency domain, the exactness of the "deduced from small to large" algorithm is verified, and two inverse algorithms of "deduced from small to large" are established to obtain the chord versine of small chord length, expand the effective detection range of short waveform irregularity, and the method of "inverse filtering" is used to inverse the short waveform irregularity. The results show that the two inverse algorithms of "deduced from small to large" can well deduce the chord versine of small chord length, and the minimum chord length that can be deduced is twice the step length. Therefore, in order to expand the measurement range of short waveform, the sampling step length should be reduced as much as possible. Compared with model B, model A has a larger error due to the addition of boundary conditions, some outliers appear, step signals appear in the power spectral density, and the absolute error is within 0.025 mm. Model B has high accuracy and good transfer characteristics, and the absolute error can be controlled within 0.001 5 mm. The field measurement of 10m chord versine of F-shaped track of Changsha Maglev Express Line shows that the track irregularities in the wavelength range of 0.5~100 m can be effectively inverted with both models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly sensitive and specific detection of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), a typical sarin simulant, was demonstrated by silicon nanowire (SiNW) array sensor. The SiNW array devices were fabricated by conventional microfabrication methods and self-assembled with the sensitive material bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane to obtain unique sensitivity to the DMMP vapor. Effect of surface functionalization parameters on DMMP sensing was optimized to increase the adsorption site number density for specific binding of DMMP. The optimized SiNW array sensor showed a high sensitivity to DMMP vapor in a detection limit of 0.2 ppm. Role of the SiNWs array is proposed to possess an extremely large surface area for a hydrogen bond-mediated recognition of the P = O group in DMMP. These initial promising results offer an alternative tool for fabrication and modification of highly sensitive, reliable and low-cost SiNW sensors to detect DMMP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The absence of tactile perception limits the dexterity of a prosthetic hand and its acceptance by amputees. Recreating the sensing properties of the skin using a flexible tactile sensor could have profound implications for prosthetics, whereas existing tactile sensors often have limited functionality with cross‐interference. In this study, we propose a machine‐learning‐assisted multifunctional tactile sensor for smart prosthetics, providing a human‐like tactile sensing approach for amputations. This flexible sensor is based on a poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)–melamine sponge, which enables the detection of force and temperature with low cross‐coupling owing to two separate sensing mechanisms: the open‐circuit voltage of the sensor as a force‐insensitive intrinsic variable to measure the absolute temperature and the resistance as a temperature‐insensitive extrinsic variable to measure force. Furthermore, by analyzing the unsteady heat conduction and characterizing it using real‐time thermal imaging, we demonstrated that the process of open‐circuit voltage variation resulting from the unsteady heat conduction is closely correlated with the heat‐conducting capabilities of materials, which can be utilized to discriminate between substances. Assisted by the decision tree algorithm, the device is endowed with thermal conductivity sensing ability, which allows it to identify 10 types of substances with an accuracy of 94.7%. Furthermore, an individual wearing an advanced myoelectric prosthesis equipped with the above sensor can sense pressure, temperature, and recognize different materials. We demonstrated that our multifunctional tactile sensor provides a new strategy to help amputees feel force, temperature and identify the material of objects without the aid of vision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epigenetic modifications are closely related to diseases and physiological health, mainly including DNA methylation, RNA methylation, histone acetylation, and noncoding RNA. Recently, a large amount of research has been conducted on the detection of epigenetic modifications. Electrochemical biosensors, with their low cost, high sensitivity, high compatibility, and simple operation, have been widely used in the detection of epigenetic biomarkers. This review discusses the detection of epigenetic biomarkers using different electrochemical sensing methods. Here we discuss various aspects, including free labels, signal labeling, signal amplification, nano-based electrodes, and the combined use of other methods. By summarizing the existing electrochemical detection methods for epigenetic modifications, this review also proposes future development trends and challenges for electrochemical biosensors in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We developed a rapid and accurate biosensor to detect SARS-CoV-2 and distinguish its mutations. Benefitting from a DNA framework-modified ordered interface and a dual signal amplification strategy, our biosensor could detect SARS-CoV-2 with a detection limit down to 10 fM. It performed well on pseudo virus and SARS-CoV-2 RNA standard materials, revealing the potential application in disease diagnosis and spread, in combination with a home-made smartphone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The muddy sediments of the central South Yellow Sea (SYS) are not only an important depocenter, but also an important area for early diagenesis. A systematic study of the interlinked sulfur (S), iron (Fe), and phosphorus (P) in sediments of the sea could provide important information on the diagenetic cycle of these elements; however, their interactions have not been well documented. In this study, an in situ, high-resolution diffusive gradient in thin films (DGT) technique, together with solid-phase speciation was used to reveal the diagenesis of S, Fe, and P in muddy sediments, and to quantify the benthic flux of dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP). Solid-phase and porewater chemistry indicate that ferruginous conditions prevail in the sediments, dissimilatory iron reduction (DIR) dominated Fe reduction, and the sulfate reduction rate is generally low due to the low lability of sedimentary organic carbon. Two-dimensional porewater distributions provide direct evidence of high spatial heterogeneity of sulfide and DIP on a microscale, and spatial coexistence of DIR and sulfate reduction. A positive linear correlation (R2 > 0.75) between porewater Fe and DIP measured by the DGT over the depth interval of rapid increase in DGT-labile Fe suggests that DIP release is primarily driven by DIR. Overall, the muddy sediments are a weak source of DIP, with an average benthic flux of 0.422 ± 1.004 × 10−3 mmol/m2/day, which accounts for only 0.02−0.04% of DIP required for the primary production of the SYS, and thus has only minor impact on P budget in the sea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molybdenum is a kind of refractory metal and can hardly be deposited in aqueous solution since it is more likely to form molybdenum oxide rather than elementary Mo, but molten salts and ionic liquid become alternative to obtain Mo layer. This paper shows an available process to obtain metallic state molybdenum deposit from ionic liquid. Mo layer was electrodeposited under constant current in ionic liquid 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIMBF4). Micromorphology of the electrodeposited Mo layer was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Results show that elementary Mo layer was electrodeposited under constant current in ionic liquid BMIMBF4. Properties of the Mo layer are affected significantly by additive ethylene glycol (EG), deposition temperature and current density. By parallel tests taking into consideration of different technical factors, optimized process parameters are obtained as volume ratio of 2:1 in BMIMBF4 + EG system, deposition temperature of 150 °C and current density of 0.75 mA·cm−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: A novel strategy was developed to construct ultrathin microfiber composite hydrogel films (< 5 μm) by embedding an electrospun fiber network into a hydrogel. The microfiber composite hydrogel offers tunable modulus in a broad range (from ~ 5 kPa to tens of MPa), which matches the modulus of most biological tissues and organs. The ultrathin configuration and ultrasoft nature allow the microfiber composite hydrogel seamlessly attaching to various rough surfaces. Hydrogels offer tissue-like softness, stretchability, fracture toughness, ionic conductivity, and compatibility with biological tissues, which make them promising candidates for fabricating flexible bioelectronics. A soft hydrogel film offers an ideal interface to directly bridge thin-film electronics with the soft tissues. However, it remains difficult to fabricate a soft hydrogel film with an ultrathin configuration and excellent mechanical strength. Here we report a biological tissue-inspired ultrasoft microfiber composite ultrathin (< 5 μm) hydrogel film, which is currently the thinnest hydrogel film as far as we know. The embedded microfibers endow the composite hydrogel with prominent mechanical strength (tensile stress ~ 6 MPa) and anti-tearing property. Moreover, our microfiber composite hydrogel offers the capability of tunable mechanical properties in a broad range, allowing for matching the modulus of most biological tissues and organs. The incorporation of glycerol and salt ions imparts the microfiber composite hydrogel with high ionic conductivity and prominent anti-dehydration behavior. Such microfiber composite hydrogels are promising for constructing attaching-type flexible bioelectronics to monitor biosignals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hyperselective neurectomy is a reliable treatment for spasticity. This research was designed to quantify the surgical parameters of hyperselective neurectomy of thoracodorsal nerve for shoulder spasticity through anatomical studies, as well as to retrospectively assess patients who underwent this procedure to provide an objective basis for clinical practice. Methods: On nine embalmed adult cadavers (18 shoulders), we dissected and observed the branching patterns of thoracodorsal nerve, counted the number of nerve branches, measured the distribution of branch origin point, and determined the length of the surgical incision. Next, we selected five patients who underwent this procedure for shoulder spasticity and retrospectively evaluated (ethic committee: 2022–37) their shoulder function with active/passive range of motion (AROM/PROM) and modified Ashworth scale (MAS). Results: The anatomical study revealed that the main trunk of thoracodorsal nerve sends out one to three medial branches, with the pattern of only one medial branch being the most common (61.1%); there were significant variations in the branch numbers and nerve distributions; the location of thoracodorsal nerve branches' entry points into the muscle varied from 27.2 to 67.8% of the length of the arm. Clinical follow-up data showed significant improvement in shoulder mobility in all patients. AROM of shoulder abduction increased by 39.4° and PROM increased by 64.2° (P < 0.05). AROM and PROM of shoulder flexion increased by 36.6° and 54.4°, respectively (P < 0.05). In addition, the MAS of shoulder abduction (1.8) and flexion (1.2) was both significantly reduced in all patients (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Hyperselective neurectomy of thoracodorsal nerve is effective and stable in the treatment of shoulder spasticity. Intraoperative attention is required to the numbers of the medial branch of thoracodorsal nerve. We recommend an incision in the mid-axillary line that extends from 25 to 70% of the arm length to fully expose each branch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smooth and compact nickel layers were successfully prepared in the ionic liquid of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIMBF4) by constant current electrodeposition method. The effects of temperature, additive content, current density, and deposition time on the performance of the nickel layers were systematically analyzed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to analyze the surface morphology and composition of the nickel layers. Meanwhile, the tensile strengths of the nickel layers were tested by universal tensile testing machine. The results show that different process conditions have a great effect on morphology and performance of the electrodeposited nickel layer. The optimization of process parameters is as follows: BMIMBF4 to ethylene glycol (EG) volume ratio of 2:1, deposition temperature of 120 °C, and current density of 1.2 mA·cm−2. Current density has a greater influence on the tensile strength of the nickel layer, and the maximum value of tensile strength is 1275 MPa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: With fast rising incidence, papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common head and neck cancer. Parthenolide, isolated from traditional Chinese medicine, inhibits various cancer cells, including PTC cells. The aim was to investigate the lipid profile and lipid changes of PTC cells when treated with parthenolide. Methods: Comprehensive lipidomic analysis of parthenolide treated PTC cells was conducted using a UHPLC/Q-TOF–MS platform, and the changed lipid profile and specific altered lipid species were explored. Network pharmacology and molecular docking were performed to show the associations among parthenolide, changed lipid species, and potential target genes. Results: With high stability and reproducibility, a total of 34 lipid classes and 1736 lipid species were identified. Lipid class analysis indicated that parthenolide treated PTC cells contained higher levels of fatty acid (FA), cholesterol ester (ChE), simple glc series 3 (CerG3) and lysophosphatidylglycerol (LPG), lower levels of zymosterol (ZyE) and Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) than controlled ones, but with no significant differences. Several specific lipid species were changed significantly in PTC cells treated by parthenolide, including the increasing of phosphatidylcholine (PC) (12:0e/16:0), PC (18:0/20:4), CerG3 (d18:1/24:1), lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) (18:0), phosphatidylinositol (PI) (19:0/20:4), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) (28:0), ChE (22:6), and the decreasing of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) (16:1/17:0), PC (34:1) and PC (16:0p/18:0). Four key targets (PLA2G4A, LCAT, LRAT, and PLA2G2A) were discovered when combining network pharmacology and lipidomics. Among them, PLA2G2A and PLA2G4A were able to bind with parthenolide confirmed by molecular docking. Conclusions: The changed lipid profile and several significantly altered lipid species of parthenolide treated PTC cells were observed. These altered lipid species, such as PC (34:1), and PC (16:0p/18:0), may be involved in the antitumor mechanisms of parthenolide. PLA2G2A and PLA2G4A may play key roles when parthenolide treated PTC cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the dynamics of the coupled medium–low-speed maglev train-turnout system, a rigid-flexible dynamics model of the coupled system was developed based on multi-body dynamics theory and finite element method. The modal and dynamic responses results obtained from the model calculations were compared with the field test results, and the dynamic interaction characteristics of the coupled system under different operating conditions were investigated using the validated simulation model. Research results show that both the increase in the support stiffness of the turnout and the rational choice of some key parameters of the coupled system will ensure the levitation stability of the train. Increasing the support stiffness of the turnout by means of adding a trolley to support in the middle of the long-span girder (LSG) facilitates the stable levitation of the train when standing still above the turnout and improves the dynamic performance of the coupled system. By optimising some key parameters, including limiting the flatness of the magnetic pole surface of the turnout track within 1.5 mm, and taking the vertical damping of the air springs for overloaded train within 9000∼11,000 N·s/m, significant improvements in the dynamic performance of the train and the turnout can also be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]