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The present work reports the solution combustion synthesis of negatively charged cobalt oxide nanoparticles (CONPs) using glycine as a fuel. The morphology, composition, crystallinity, and surface characteristics of synthesized CONPs were confirmed. The particles were oval in shape with an average size of 10 ± 2 nm and negatively charged functional groups (C-H and N = N = N) on their surface. Batch experiments were performed to estimate the optimum values of parameter to estimate the maximum Cu(II) adsorption of CONPs, which was found to be 523 ± 12.72 mg g−1. The acid treatment achieved regeneration of loaded CONPs, and their sustainability was checked by performing adsorption–desorption experiments up to 4 cycles. The obtained results showed only a 14.4% reduction in adsorption capacity up to 4 cycles. Further, the diversified application of CONPs was examined by exposing them to synthetically prepared textile industry effluent containing multiple metal ions. The batch study data were fitted to various isotherm and kinetic models to understand the adsorption kinetics. The possible mechanism for the adsorption of Cu(II) onto CONPs has also been discussed. The antimicrobial assay results advocated that the disposal of CONPs is harmless to the ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mg0.5−xZnxCo0.5Fe2O4 with ferrites were substituted with Zn2+ with concentrations x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, and 0.25 prepared from a sol–gel auto-combustion method. The impact of Zn2+ ion substitution on morphological, structural, DC electrical resistivity, and magnetic characteristics was examined. The diffraction analysis with X-ray reveals that the prepared ferrites are spinel with a single-phase face-centred cubic structure. The cubic crystal structure samples’ values for the crystallite size (42 to 25 nm) and lattice constant (8.386 to 8.425 Å) increased as the concentration increased. Field-effect scanning electron microscopy revealed the ferrite samples’ polycrystalline structures and spherical morphologies. Using FESEM micrographs, the average grain size was between 56.4 and 85.7 nm. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was used to identify two different peaks that emerged at around 585–592 cm−1 and 401–405 cm−1. These peaks revealed information on the functional groups of the sample chemicals. Temperature-dependent DC electrical resistivity shows the semiconductors’ nature samples. The vibrating sample magnetometer analysis shows that the ferrites are soft ferrimagnetic. The saturation magnetisation was increased (60.45 to 85.04 emu/g), and coercivity was decreased (356.46 to 620.59 Oe) when the concentration was increased. The study unveiled tuned values of the physical characteristics, thereby highlighting potential applications in recent technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tobacco use causes over eight million global deaths annually, with seven million directly attributed to tobacco use and 1.2 million to second hand smoke (SHS). Smoke-free environments are crucial to counter SHS. Although India banned smoking in public places in 2008, SHS exposure remains high. Studies have noted that limiting smoking in workplaces, restaurants, etc., helps to reduce overall smoking and reduce SHS exposure. Under this background, the study explores the linkages between smoke-free workplaces and living in smoke-free homes in India. Methods: The two rounds of the GATS India (2009-10 and 2016-17) have been used for the study. The study focuses on male tobacco smokers working indoors or outdoors or both indoors and outdoors. The sample for the study was 2,969 for GATS 1 and 2,801 for GATS 2. Dependent variables include living in a smoke-free home, while the independent variables were adherence to a smoke-free office policy and socio-demographic variables. The two rounds of the GATS data were pooled for analysis. Statistical analysis involves bivariate and multivariate analysis. Results: Findings reveal that 41% of respondents worked in smoke-free workplaces in GATS 2. Nationally, smoke-free homes increased from 35% in 2009–2010 to 44% in 2016-17. Individuals with smoke-free workplaces were more likely to have smoke-free homes. The Southern region consistently exhibited the highest proportion of smoke-free homes. Urban areas and higher education correlated with increased smoke-free homes. Logistic regression analysis confirmed that workplace smoke-free status is a significant predictor of smoke-free homes. In GATS 2, respondents aged 30 years and above were less likely to have smoke-free homes, while education and Southern region residence positively influenced smoke-free homes. Conclusions: The correlation between smoke-free workplaces and smoke-free homes is linked to stringent workplace no-smoking policies, potentially deterring individuals from smoking at home. Opportunities exist for the expansion and stringent implementation of the smoke-free policies among Indian working adults, leveraging the workplace as a key setting for evidence-based tobacco control. The study highlights positive trends in India's smoke-free homes, crediting workplace policies. Effective policies, education, and regional strategies can advance smoke-free homes, stressing the pivotal role of workplace policies and advocating broader implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Health-related behaviors during adolescence lay the foundation of health status during later life. Most of the studies on health behaviors among adolescents in India have a focus on adolescent girls. India has 133 million adolescent boys; it is important to understand patterns and determinants of physical inactivity and poor dietary intake among them. Method: We analyze levels and patterns of physical activity and dietary habits using data from the 'Understanding Lives of the Adolescents and Young Adults (UDAYA)' Survey, 2016, from Bihar, one of the less developed states in India. The analysis was carried out using data collected from 2004 adolescent boys aged 14–19 years covering 33,900 households. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine the effect of predictor variables on physical activity and dietary habits. Results: Most adolescent boys (71%) engaged in physical activities during the one month before the survey. Fifteen percent did not engage in physical activity during the reference period and 13% never participated in such activities. One-fourth consumed three or more food groups and 6% did not daily consume any of the six selected food groups. Participants' age, place of residence, schooling status, and co-residence with siblings are strong predictors of physical activity. Place of residence, caste and economic status, household head's gender, schooling of household head, and number of siblings are factors identified as predictors of dietary habits. Conclusion: This study underscores the urgent need for steps to enhance participation in physical activities and to promote daily consumption of meals with adequate dietary diversity among adolescent boys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unhealthy behaviors including smoking, drinking, and drug use often begin during adolescence and are closely related to morbidity and mortality. This study examines the prevalence and factors associated with substance use among adolescent boys in Bihar, India. Data from the Understanding the Lives of Adolescents and Young Adults (UDAYA), conducted in 2015–16 in two Indian states, was used for analysis (n = 2004 adolescent boys aged 14–19 years). A multivariate logistic regression model was applied to estimate the effect of various correlates on substance use. Prevalence of tobacco consumption (19%) is high, followed by consumption of alcohol (8%) and drug use (1.2%) among adolescent boys in Bihar. One-fifth have ever used at least one substance. Age, education, current schooling status, wealth quintile, household head's educational attainment, and mother's education level are found to be important factors influencing substance use. It is essential to adopt more pointed programs which can effectively reduce substance use among adolescents in this and similar states. Programs related to prevention of substances should be expanded effectively through health education programs, media messages at the grassroots level, especially in the socio-economically backward states in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of the proposed work is to predict the performance of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) algorithm in detection of vehicle quality performance based on Features customization and differentiators by comparing it with the Digraph algorithm. Materials and Methods:The proposed ANN is trained and tested with a "Novel Car Evaluation Database" created by Marko Bohanec. With correct quality 826 samples and inaccurate quality 826 samples in two groups with a total sample size of 1652. Training data [75% of dataset] and testing data set [25% of data set] are separated from the obtained samples. The samples are calculated using G power analysis using clincalc, which includes two groups: alpha (0.05), power (80%). There is a statistically significant difference between the groups with p=0.04 Results: The proposed ANN algorithm provided better results in predicting the quality of novel car evaluation compared to the Digraph approach. Conclusion: For the given data set, from the results it is found that the ANN algorithm is significantly more suitable for recognition of better car quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In India, there are many labour laws implemented for the legal provision of working hours, services, and employment conditions of workers. Special protection and rest provision plays a pivotal role in occupational injuries and illness. Aim: To determine the special protection and various provision of rest at the workplace. Materials and Methods: A survey was conducted among steel and power industry workers in Odisha, India. The study was conducted with 425 male respondents by adopting the population proportion sampling technique. The primary data was taken from a Steel and Power limited industry situated in Angul district of Odisha from February 2019 to October 2019. Statistical Package for Social Sciences software (SPSS version 25.0) was used in the analysis process by using the univariate and bivariate models to assess the objectives. Results: The study showed 92.5% of respondents were provided rest, and 59.1% of respondents were in the employment contract. More than 43.3% of respondents reported they received compensation during occupational injury and diseases, whereas 45.6% didn't get any compensation in the event of occupational diseases. Out of the 393 workers got rest, a vast majority (95.4%) of respondents reported that they were allowed night rest, and 84.5% were allowed for meal breaks during work. More than 59% of respondents receive short breaks during work, and 52.9% were entitled to weekly breaks/rest. Religion, caste, education, technical education, occupation, type of work, and the number of working hours were strongly associated with the respondent's characteristics. Conclusion: Special protection provisions are critical factors for the treatment of occupational health hazards. It has been confirmed that night rest and meal break rest were provided to the workers. Except for the shift work rest and extended workload rest, the provision of rest was sufficiently provided at the workplace. Special protections are expected to strengthen the occupational health of workers and stay away from medical expenses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to assess the burden and correlates of morbidity and other dimensions (perceived health and physical mobility) of the health status of older adults (defined as those aged 60 and above). We used data from the National Sample Survey (NSS) 71st round for understanding the health status of older adults in India. The NSS 71st round collected data from 65,932 households (36,480 in rural and 29,452 in urban areas). The present analysis is based on data related to 27,245 persons aged 60 and above living in the sample households. Overall, 30% of those aged 60 and above reported that they have morbidity, either chronic or acute. More than one-fifth (22%) rated their health status as poor while 8% are physically immobile. Forty-three percent of older adults have overall poor health status. Multivariate analysis reveals that age, religion, expenditure quintile are significantly associated with poor overall health of the older adults. Given the high proportion of poor overall health status among older adults and their increasing population size, this study indicates the need to strengthen healthcare services as well as the economic and social security programs directed at the welfare of older adults in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Affordable manufacturing along with high efficiency perovskite solar cell in photovoltaic technology has everyone's attention. Perovskite, which is in the lead role in solar cells, is full of characteristics such as high absorption coefficient, low exciton binding energy, charge carrier capable of having better mobility as well as more diffusion length and availability in suitable energy band. The application of machine learning technology is proving to be a boon to ensure optimum implementation with different properties in photovoltaic device, design, simple construction process and low-cost price. Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence which includes large data aggregation, precise structure property installation, demonstration and final model after model validation. The most of the source of database is the simulation and experimental results, calculations and related literature surveys which have a comprehensive compilation of the performance of hybrid perovskite device, collection of structures and properties of elements. Structure-property relationship installation comes under feature engineering which establishes a clear relationship between structure and the properties. In other demonstration process, proper algorithms are selected, data is generated and tested as well as pure estimated values are taken. This article contains a detailed discussion on the involvement of machine learning technology to build high-performance Perovskite solar cells. Proper selection as well as designing of active perovskite absorbent layer by machine learning successfully establishes results by including other parts such as non-toxic (lead free) and stability. Mature machine learning technology becomes a very essential method in determining the solvent combination of hybrid perovskite and in estimating design of the entire solar cell to ensure optimum implementation in the sector of perovskite solar technology. Finally, a phased concept has been briefly discussed to meet the challenges of machine learning and potential future compatibilities related to the prevalence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent Years Have Seen Employee Engagement Become A Hot Topic. Despite This, The Topic Is Still A Hot One. There Is Not Enough Academic Literature And Little Information About How Management Can Influence Employee Engagement. The Lack Of A Common Definition Of Employee Involvement Is One Of The Major Challenges In Today's Field Of Employee Engagement. Kahn, One The Pioneers Of The Field Of Employee Involvement, Defines Employee Engagement As "Harnessing The Organization Members." Employee Engagement Is The Level Of Commitment That Employees Have, Both Emotionally And Intellectually, To The Organization's Mission And Work. An Employee's Engagement Can Be Described As A Higher Level Of Ownership, Where They Want To Do Their Best For Their Customers And Internal Customers. Engagement Is Not A Passing Trend. It Has Clear Business Benefits. Engagement Can Be Seen As A Competitive Advantage. It Is Difficult To Raise Engagement Levels And Maintain Them. This Is Why It Takes Effort And Commitment. Positive Engagement Statements Show A Positive Attitude And Pride In The Company's Products. Bad Experiences Can Be Prevented And Minimized By Organizations. They Must Also Ensure That Employees' Needs, Including Those Of Professionals, Are Met. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Involuntary displacement from one’s land and habitat carries with it the risk of the migrant becoming poorer than before displacement, since a significant number of migrants do not receive adequate compensation for loss of their assets nor effective assistance to re-establish them and make them productive. Unless the local government puts special attention to proper rehabilitation and resettlement of displaced families, especially tribes, they will continue to be victims of such programs and be drawn into pathetic situations. In this backdrop, the present study has made an attempt to find out the impact of involuntary displacement and rehabilitation of Indira Sagar Project on the tribal community in the State of Andhra Pradesh. An ethnographic method has been adopted to carry out this study. The fieldwork of research was conducted in December 2015. To collect primary data anthropological tools and techniques were used to study the various aspects of displacement, and rehabilitation. Secondary data has been collected from books, articles, reports and available literature. The study finds that the impact of dam-induced displacement and resettlement brought change among the families resettled in the rehabilitation colony. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we used the one dimensional unitatry Lie algebraic model to compute the vibrational frequencies of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) molecule in the gas phase up to the sixth overtone. In this model, the Hamiltonian operator describes the stretching and bending vibrations with algebraic parameters. The calculated fundamental vibrational frequencies are compared with experimental values and results consistent with the referencevalues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of metal matrix composite is growing in many fields as it possesses the advantage of lightweight. An attempt has been made to form aluminum-based metal matrix composite comprising aluminum (Al 3003) as matrix and titanium dioxide (TiO2) as reinforcement particle. Friction stir process was successfully applied as the stirring process to synthesize the formation of aluminum metal composite. An effort was made to review the effect of a different combination of reinforcement particle concerning weight % ratio with the matrix. Accordingly, five specimens were prepared by addition of TiO2 with wt% ratio as 0%, 1.5%, 3%, 4.5%, and 6.0%. Microstructure analysis on the characteristics behavior of composite using various techniques like field emission scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, electron backscatter diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy was conducted and compared with the base alloy. Mechanical and tribological characteristics on nugget zone were evaluated by performing tests for impact strength, bending strength, and wear resistance. Mechanical and tribological behavior of composite is found to be beneficial as compared with the base alloy due to deformation followed by grain growth and grain refinement at elevated temperature as the result of continuous dynamic recrystallization in the plastic zone during stirring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An increase proportion of elderly means additional national responsibility to meet the emerging challenges to ensure well-being. Family, kinship, and community which were the strong sources of social support and care for the elderly in India has become weaker in recent times. Eight of India's states are considered to be relatively socioeconomically backward, and are referred to as the Empowered Action Group (EAG) states, while rest of the states are demographically more advanced and many have achieved replacement level of fertility. The purpose of this paper is to compare the pattern of living arrangements and economic dependency among elderly in EAG and non-EAG states of India. Data from the National Sample Survey 71st round was used for analysis (N = 27,245). Results suggest that majority of the elderly co-resided both in EAG and non-EAG states. The major difference in living alone between EAG and non- EAG states is found according to religion, consumer expenditure quintile, and perceived health. Overall, 72% elderly are economically dependent on others. The differences between EAG and non-EAG states in economic dependency are considerable according to marital status, education, religion, and consumer expenditure quintile. Multivariate analysis revealed that the chances of living alone and economic dependency are higher in non-EAG states than EAG states. Number of surviving children, education, and consumer expenditure quintile are the significant predictors of living alone, while age, gender, and education significantly influence economic dependency. The findings call for making appropriate changes in policies and programmes to ensure social security and health of the elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of periodontal therapy is resolution of inflammation in the supporting structures of the tooth. Endodontic theraphy deals with the disease of the pulp and periapical tissues. Researches and clinicians have long recognised that an intimate relationship exist between the pulp of a tooth and its surrounding periodontium. The present report describes the use of PRF (platelet-rich fibrin) gel in combination with an intrabony defect and a periapical lesion. The tooth was root canal treatment followed by periodontal therapy. A combination of PRF gel, hydroxyapatite graft and guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membrane was used to achieve faster healing of the periapical lesion and intrabony defect. After 1 year, the absence of a periradicular lesion, pain and swelling along with tooth stability and adequate radiographic bone structure indicated a successful outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A healthy workplace is always required for promotion of good health and wellbeing of workers. Health depends on reinforcement of various external factors of productivity. Performance of a worker is influenced by remuneration and compensation irrespective of occupational risk and hazards. The paper tries to understand the relationship between work and health from various aspects of established theories and health behaviours in industry. The theoretical perceptive of occupational health is discussed in the context of self-defensive and self-protective behaviours of working population. Various search engines like PubMed, scopus, web of sciences, and jstore were searched to explore the phenomena of occupational health. Further, several themes and sub-themes have been identified according to the classification of theories in occupational health. The health belief and behaviour towards occupational health of working population have been derived from various theories. Further, the relationship of various factors has been studied based on the theoretical understanding of occupational health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electronic health services is extensively employed to build an online platform for healthcare providers and patients. However, there are few studies that have investigated the intention behind why e-Health services are rejected by some of the end-users after their initial experience. There exists a considerable gap between the usage of e-Health services and our understanding of these technologies. Therefore, this study was carried out on the aim to better understand the factors leading hospital consumers’ continued usage of e-Health services based on expectation-confirmation model (ECM). To explore the process of continuance usage intention of e-Health services, the study has integrated ECM model with technology acceptance model and two post adoption expectation beliefs (i.e., perceived privacy and security, and perceived trust). With 253 e-Health services users’ responses, the proposed research model was empirically tested within the context of e-Health services by applying partial least squares (PLS) method. The main finding from the path analysis indicates that along with perceptual (confirmation, perceived ease-of-use, perceived usefulness), and emotional factor (satisfaction), post adoption expectation beliefs (perceived trust, perceived privacy and security) – also shown a significant association towards continuance intention of e-Health services. The study concludes by discussing theoretical and practical implications, limitations and future scope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aluminum 3003 alloy used in the gas turbine and aerospace applications possesses medium bearing capacity. This technical paper reports the fabrication of Al 3003 alloy/TiO2 composites using friction stir processing. The weight fraction of reinforced TiO2 particles is varied between 0% and 6% with the increment of 1.5% in sequence. The fabricated specimens have been characterized by optical microscopy (OM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray Diffraction analysis (XRD) and electron backscattered diagram (EBSD). Composite weld zone has witnessed the homogeneous distribution of TiO2 particles. The formation of such composite by reinforcement exhibits increase in the hardness and tensile strength of the weld. Corresponding strengthening mechanism is illustrated and correlated with the characterization studies. Fractography study shows brittle to ductile transformation with the addition of TiO2 particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart city has various annotations such as intelligent city, clean city, digital city, green city and many more. This conceptual project aims at developing a device & portal for solid waste processing unit which needs the classified information regarding solid waste and the portal also enables the waste processing unit to collaborate with other satellite units and waste collectors for efficient and faster actions. Today, waste management from its inception to its disposal is one of the important challenges for the municipal corporations in all over the world. Dust bins placed across cities set at open places are flooding because of increment in the waste each day and making unhygienic condition for the citizens, to maintain a strategic distance from such a circumstance we have proposed wireless solid waste management system for smart cities which allows municipal corporations to monitor status of dustbins remotely over web server and keep cities clean very efficiently by optimizing cost and time required for it [4]. As soon as dustbin has reached its maximum level, waste management department gets alert via SMS along with location via GSM & GPS module placed at dustbin so department can send waste collector vehicle to respective location to collect garbage. The objective of the project is to enhance practicality of IoT based solid waste collection and management system for smart city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Falls are being acknowledged as having far reaching consequences for the quality of life of the aged; yet there are not many studies conducted in India. This paper attempts to provide some insights on the effects of falls on the life of the elderly and also for the caregivers. Objective: The broad objective of the study is to understand the effects of falls among the elderly population. It helps in interpreting the causes and the effect of falls in the future life of the elderly people. It ultimately sheds some light on how the falls of the elderly affect the life of their caregivers as well. Methods: Qualitative research was carried out in Thrissur district of Kerala among those who experienced falls between the time period of January 2015 to January 2016. The data was collected in the month of May 2016. In-depth interviews with victims of falls and their care givers were conducted. Key informant interviews were also used as a method for collecting data. Results: The findings of the study revealed that age was a major risk factor in falls. Other risk factors such as history of falls and non-communicable diseases also played a significant role in contributing to falls among the elderly. As a result of falls, majority of the respondents opted for treatment in private hospitals which ultimately resulted in high healthcare expenditure. Restriction of activities among majority of the respondents were reported as a consequence of falls, which resulted in change in attitude of the elderly people, mostly leading to loss of confidence along with an increase in fear of fall. The caregivers were mainly involved in assisting the elderly in their routine activities. There was a constant need of support and assistance for the elderly for performing their activities which to some extent was burdensome to the caregivers. Conclusions: Falls among the elderly are resulting in people getting affected not only physically but psychologically as well. The ultimate consequence is more social withdrawal and less activities resulting in a change in attitude of the elderly. The health awareness among the people of Kerala also results in people seeking quality treatment which most of them considers, is available in private hospitals. This ultimately results in increased healthcare expenditure which turns out to be a burden on the productive population especially in a scenario where majority of the elderly is remaining uninsured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Games have started dominating social platforms and mobile phones in the recent years. Almost half of the world's population plays games on their mobile and social platforms. This paper focuses on exploring the factors affecting adoption of simulation games by the millennial generation. Drawing on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and use of Technology (UTAUT) and the Information Systems Success (ISS) model, this paper proposes and empirically tests the unified model that renders in drawing the determinant that has the potential to influence behavioural intention to opt for mobile games. Factors like effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions are adopted from UTAUT and system quality, satisfaction and behavioural intention are drawn from ISS. The result indicates that visual appeal of the game has a significant effect on effort expectancy, satisfaction of the game and game system quality. Along with these factors the facilitating condition factor also influences behavioural intention. Social influence and effort expectancy are found to be distinctive in a relationship with behavioural intention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intraperitoneal instillations of local anaesthetic agents alone or in combination dexmedetomidine have been found to reduce post-operative pain following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Aim: Comparing antinociceptive effects of intraperitoneal instillation of bupivacaine plain and bupivacaine with dexmedetomidine in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Materials and methods: Study was conducted on 100 adult patients of ASA physical status 1 and 2 in the age group of 18 years to 60 years, posted for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anaesthesia. Patients were randomly divided on an alternate basis into two groups of 50 each. Group B: (n=50) patients received Intraperitoneal bupivacaine 50 ml 0.25% + 5 ml normal saline. Group DB: (n=50) Intraperitoneal bupivacaine 50 ml 0.25% + dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg with normal saline 5 ml. Results: Mean pain scores were significantly lower in the group BD when compared to group B during the entire duration of the study. There was statistically significant difference in VAS pain score at 6, 8, 12, 18, 24 hours after surgery. Mean pain scores were significantly lower in the group BD when compared to group B during the entire duration of the study. There was statistically significant difference in VAS pain score at 6, 8, 12, 18, 24 hours after surgery. There was statistically significant difference between two groups of patients in terms of heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure from 1 hour to 12 hours. 4 patients (8%) of group B and only 5 (10%) patients of groups B + D had postoperative nausea/vomiting, and 7 (14%) patients of group B and 2 (4%) patients of groups B+D had postoperative shoulder pain. Conclusion: Intraperitoneal instillation of dexmedetomidine with bupivacaine prolongs the duration of postoperative analgesia as compared to that with bupivacaine alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a research on termination of pregnancy in bitches, which is inferred to be one of the most common requests from dog owners due to reasons including young age, old age, and accidental mating. It offers steps to be taken before going forward with termination of pregnancy as well as explores the drugs available for the procedure, with their pharmacological properties and availability. The stage of pregnancy for bitches is also discussed.

A mild and an efficient system has been developed for the reduction of aromatic aldehydes and ketones to their corresponding alcohols in good yield using inexpensive commercial zinc dust as catalyst and diammonium hydrogen phosphite as a hydrogen donor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The batch adsorptive fluoride removal from water by Zirconium ion impregnated coconut shell carbon (ZICSC) was investigated. ZICSC was found to have fluoride adsorption capacity, 25 to 30 times that of plain activated carbon. The effect of various parameters such as pH, agitation time, and adsorbent dosage on fluoride removal were studied. The fluoride adsorption by ZICSC was above 90% for the entire pH range of 2-9 and the adsorption rate was extremely rapid, with 91% of the adsorption being achieved within 10 min of ZICSC contact for an initial fluoride concentration of 10 mg/L. The experimental data have been analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson, and Temkin sorption isotherm models and the adsorption data for fluoride onto ZICSC were better correlated to the Langmuir isotherm. The batch adsorption kinetics have been tested by first order, pseudo-first order, and pseudo-second order kinetic models with the subsequent determination of the rate constants of adsorption. The comparison of ZICSC with other adsorbents suggests that ZICSC provides a cost-effective working solution to the defluoridation problem in the developing countries by its great potential application in fluoride removal from water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a research on how to improve the livestock sector in Kerala, India. It highlights the decline of the cattle population in Kerala, exploring the challenges and opportunities related to the livestock industry. It offers some suggestions to improve the sector, including development of local feeding standards, consideration of precision feeding and total mixed ration concept, and use of agricultural or industrial byproducts.

Concurrent construction of five and six membered fused N-heretocyclic ring was achieved viaa conceptually new three-component reaction affording 6,6a-dihydroisoindolo[2,1-a]quinazoline-5,11-diones as novel inhibitors of TNF-α in vitro. This represents one of the few examples of direct TNF-α inhibition by small molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comments on the issue of maintaining a balance between quantitative and qualitative researches. Increase in the number of fields where applications of qualitative research methods have become a common practice; Unsolved problems of validity and generalizability of the results of qualitative research.