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Summary: Solid organ transplantation societies recommend a relative contraindication of transplantation for people with bipolar or psychotic disorders. Very few data are available on the outcome of kidney transplantation and the increased risk of kidney disease in those patients. We conducted a retrospective multicenter cohort study (1979–2014) including kidney allograft recipients with either bipolar (BD) or psychotic disorders prior to transplant. Objectives were kidney allograft and patient outcomes compared to a matched control group without psychiatric disorders and the evolution of psychiatric disorder at 60 months after transplantation. Forty‐seven patients including 25 women were identified, 34 with BD and 13 with psychotic disorder. Patients’ overall cumulative death rates at 60 months were not significantly different in both groups [12.2%; 95% confidence interval: (4.5–24.1) in the group with psychiatric disorder versus 5.2%; (1.7–11.7) in control group P = 0.11] as for cumulative allograft loss rates [11.7% (3.5–25.2) vs. 9.4% (4.4–16.8) in control group (P = 0.91)]. Twenty‐three patients (16 with BD and seven with psychotic disorder) experienced at least one psychiatric relapse [incidence rate: 1.8/100 persons‐ months; 95% CI; (1.2–2.7)] totaling 13 hospitalizations within 60 months of follow‐up. Four patients stopped immunosuppressive therapy leading to allograft loss in three. Our study suggests that patients with BD or psychotic disorders have to be considered for renal transplantation with close psychiatric follow‐up after transplant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In kidney transplant recipients, anticardiolipin (ACL) antibodies without antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) are found in up to 38% of patients and could be associated with thrombotic events (TEs). However, the prognostic role of ACL regarding kidney transplant and patients outcomes have still not been well defined. Methods: We conducted an observational, monocentric, retrospective cohort study including 446 kidney transplant recipients and standardized follow-up: 36-month allograft and patient survival, 12-month estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and 3- and 12-month screening biopsies. Results: ACL tests were run on 247 patients, 101 were positive (ACL+ group, 41%) and 146 were negative (ACL- group, 59%). Allografts and patient survival within 36 months as TE were similar between both groups [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.18 and HR = 0.98, respectively]. The 12-month eGFR was significantly lower in the ACL+ group [median (95% confidence interval) 48.5 (35.1-60.3) versus 51.9 (39.1-65.0) mL/min/1.73 m2, P= 0.042]. ACL+ was independently associated with eGFR decrease (P = 0.04). In 12-month screening biopsies, tubular atrophy was significantly more severe in the ACL+ group compared with the ACL- group (P = 0.02). Conclusions: ACL without APS before kidney transplantation is an independent risk factor of eGFR decline within the first year post-transplant without over-incidence of TEs. Specific immunosuppressive therapy including mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors should be discussed in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Approximately 25% of kidney transplant recipients develop de novo anti-HLA donor-specific antibodies (dnDSA) leading to acute antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) in 30% of patients. Preemptive therapeutic strategies are not available. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study including 11 kidney transplant recipients. Inclusion criteria were dnDSA occurring within the first year after transplant and normal allograft biopsy. All patients were treated with high-dose IVIG (2 g/kg 0, 1 and 2 months post-dnDSA). The primary efficacy outcome was incidence of clinical and subclinical acute ABMR within 12 months after dnDSA detection as compared to a historical control group (IVIG-). Results: Acute ABMR occurred in 2 or 11 patients in the IVIG+ group and in 1 of 9 patients in the IVIG- group. IVIG treatment did not affect either class I or class II DSA, as observed at the end of the follow-up. IVIG treatment significantly decreased FcγRIIA mRNA expression in circulating leukocytes, but did not affect the expression of any other markers of B cell activation. Conclusions: In this first pilot study including kidney allograft recipients with early dnDSA, preemptive treatment with high-dose IVIG alone did not prevent acute ABMR and had minimal effects on DSA outcome and B cell phenotype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After kidney transplantation, C4d is an incomplete marker of acute antibody-mediated rejection ( AMR) and C1q-binding donor-specific antibodies ( DSA) have been associated with allograft survival. However, the impact on allograft survival of C1q+ DSA after clinical AMR has not been studied yet. We analysed retrospectively in clinical AMR C4d staining and C1q-binding impact on allograft survival. We compared clinical, histological and serological features of C4d− and C4d+ AMR, C1q+ and C1q− DSA AMR and analysed C4d and C1q-binding impact on allograft survival. Among 500 for-cause kidney allograft biopsies, 48 fulfilled AMR criteria. C4d+ AMR [ N = 18 (37.5%)] have significantly higher number class I DSA ( P = 0.02), higher microvascular score ( P = 0.02) and more transplant glomerulopathy ( P = 0.04). C1q+ AMR [ N = 20 (44%)] presented with significantly more class I and class II DSA ( P = 0.005 and 0.04) and C4d+ staining ( P = 0.01). Graft losses were significantly higher in the C4d+ group ( P = 0.04) but similar in C1q groups. C4d+ but not C1q+ binding was an independent risk factor for graft loss [ HR = 2.65; (1.11-6.34); P = 0.028]. In our cohort of clinical AMR, C4d+ staining but not C1q+ binding is an independent risk factor for graft loss. Allograft loss and patient survival were similar in C1q+ and C1q− AMR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We performed a retrospective study to assess the changes in clinical, biological and heart echocardiographic parameters in 32 sickle cell disease ( SCD) patients beginning haemodialysis. Acute SCD-related complications were similar at 6 months before and 6 months after the initiation of haemodialysis. Median haemoglobin level did not change significantly, but the need for blood transfusions increased ( P < 0·001). The 5-year incidence of death was higher in SCD patients ( P < 0·0001). The 5-year likelihood of receiving a renal graft was lower in SCD patients ( P = 0·022). Our findings suggest that SCD patients have poorer survival and a lower likelihood of receiving a renal graft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glomerulonephritis is the primary cause of end-stage renal failure in 30-50% of kidney transplant recipients and recurrence of the initial disease is an important determinant of long-term graft outcome after transplantation. Although renal transplantation remains the best treatment option for patients with end stage renal diseases in most cases, diagnosis and management of recurrences of glomerulopathies are critical for the optimization and improvement of long-term kidney transplant graft survival and provide a unique opportunity to explore the pathogenesis of native kidney disease. This review aims to update knowledge for a large panel of recurrent primary and secondary glomerulonephritis after kidney transplantation, excluding diabetic nephropathy including primary focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis, membranous nephropathy, IgA nephropathy, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, lupus, vasculitis but also less usual secondary nephropathy related to sarcoidosis, AA and AL amyloidosis, monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease, and fibrillary glomerulonephritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Although acute respiratory tract infections (RTI) have been recognized as a significant cause of illness in returning travelers, few studies have specifically evaluated the etiologies of RTI in this population. Methods. This prospective investigation evaluated travelers returning from countries with endemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009, and who were seen in our department at the onset of the outbreak (April-July 2009). Patients were included if they presented with signs of RTI that occurred during travel or less than 7 days after return from overseas travel. Patients were evaluated for microbial agents with RespiFinder plus assay, and throat culture according to clinical presentation. Results. A total of 113 travelers (M/F ratio 1.2:1; mean age 39 y) were included. They were mainly tourists ( n = 50; 44.2%) mostly returning from North America ( n = 65; 58%) and Mexico ( n = 21; 18.5%). The median duration of travel was 23 days (range 2-540 d). The median lag time between return and onset of illness was 0.2 days (range 10 d prior to 7 d after). The main clinical presentation of RTI was influenza-like illness ( n = 76; 67.3%). Among the 99 microbiologically evaluated patients, a pathogen was found by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or throat culture in 65 patients (65.6%). The main etiological agents were influenza A(H1N1) 2009 (18%), influenza viruses (14%), and rhinovirus (20%). A univariate analysis was unable to show variables associated with influenza A(H1N1) 2009, whereas rhinorrhea was associated with viruses other than influenza ( p = 0.04). Conclusion. Despite the A(H1N1) 2009 influenza pandemic, rhinovirus and other influenza viruses were also frequent causes of RTI in overseas travelers. Real-time reverse transcription-PCR and nasopharyngeal swab cultures are useful diagnostic tools for evaluating travelers with RTI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study which investigated the accuracy of pleural ultrasonography (PU) during pneumothorax follow-up after drainage. The study included 44 unilateral pneumothoraces and 162 chest radiograph (CXR) and PU tests. It found that PU results can be obtained faster than CXR results. Study authors concluded that PU is very accurate in detecting residual pneumothorax during pneumothorax follow-up after drainage.

A letter to the editor about the use of anticoagulant lock for short-term haemodialysis catheter in an intensive care unit (ICU) is presented.