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Background:The objective of this study is to sum up the dietary selenium intake of the Estonian people according to the serum selenium concentrations.Subjects/methods:This research compiles the information published in the literature about the levels of selenium in the serum of the Estonian people. We compare these results with the findings obtained from the analyses of serum samples gathered by us in the 1990s in Estonia.Results:The selenium concentration in sera of 404 Estonians ranged from 26 to 116 μg/l; the mean was 75 μg/l. The selenium contents of Estonians were at a similar level as reported for Finns before the selenium supplementation of fertilizers carried out in Finland in 1984.Conclusion:In view of the selenium concentration in the sera, we suggest that the dietary selenium intake among the Estonian people might be scarce, and Estonian authorities should consider in their nutrition policies the possible low intake of selenium of Estonians.European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2008) 62, 1075–1078; doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602818; published online 30 May 2007 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migration of Hg from black shales to the aquatic ecosystems and local residents was studied comprehensively with samples of black shales (627 samples), surface waters (22), organic stream sediments (40), organic lake sediments (172), noble crayfish (72) and human hair (225). The black shales exhibited elevated C, S, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Hg concentrations. Gneiss granite, mica schist, and quartzite with very low heavy metal contents are encountered just next to the black shales, offering good reference areas for comparison. There are no local anthropogenic Hg sources in the study areas. Black shale areas were reflected as elevated Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd and low Ca in glacial till, surface waters, organic stream sediments and lake sediments. Mercury behaved differently in surface waters than the other heavy metals: there was no correlation between the Hg concentration of the surface waters and the Hg concentration of the underlying bedrock. Median values for total Hg and methyl-Hg in stream water were 1.6 and 0.2 ng/l, respectively, in the black shale area, and 2.0 and 0.3 ng/l in the adjacent reference area with Hg-poor bedrock. Even though Hg concentrations in surface waters were not elevated in the black shale areas relative to the reference areas, mean Hg concentrations of the muscle of noble crayfish (Astacus astacus) were higher in black shale area lakes than in lakes in the reference areas. The explanation of this correlation probably is not Hg flux from the bedrock to watercourses. As a more easily eroded rock than granites, quartzites, and mica schists, black shale tends to occur in topographic depressions in glaciated terrain. Lakes in the black shale areas are typically surrounded by peatlands, and the catchment areas, from which they collect humic material rich in Hg, may be extensive. The total Hg concentrations in hair ranged from 0.04 to 12.1 µg/g. The distribution of hair Hg content did not appear to correlate with the distribution of black shales. In the present study, the main route of Hg to humans was via fish. Even though Hg contents were higher in crayfish and fish in the black-shale-area lakes, people consumed fish not only from the lakes next to their residence, but also from lakes situated in the reference areas. Among the non-fish-eaters in one black shale area, the use of dug well water, as well as the consumption of local potatoes and mushrooms, slightly increased the Hg in hair. This contribution may reflect the heavy metal load of the natural black shale environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to increase knowledge of the ability of nutrition labels to guide consumer choices in real-life environments. Design/methodology/approach: Food consumption and plate waste data were collected from two self-service restaurants (SSR) with different customer groups over six observation days: three control and three intervention (with nutrition labelling) periods. Study Group 1 consisted of vocational school students, mostly late adolescents (N = 1,710), and Group 2 consisted of spa hotel customers, mostly elderly (N = 1,807). In the experimental restaurants, the same food was served to the buffets during the control and intervention periods. Findings: The nutrition label in the lunch buffet guides customers to eat fewer main foods and salads and to select healthier choices. Increased consumption of taste enhancers (salt and ketchup) was observed in the study restaurants after nutritional labelling. Nutrition labelling was associated with a reduction in plate waste among the elderly, whereas the opposite was observed among adolescents. Originality/value: The results provide public policymakers and marketers with a better understanding of the effects of nutrition labelling on consumer behaviour. Future studies should further evaluate the effects of nutrition labelling on the overall quality of customer diets and the complex environmental, social, and psychological factors affecting food choices and plate waste accumulation in various study groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals frequently encounter alluring food temptations that can disrupt their efforts to follow a healthy diet. These temptations may trigger pleasurable thoughts and sensations, potentially leading to unhealthy eating habits and obesity, which misalign with the goals of sustainable food systems to promote overall well-being. However, there is limited knowledge regarding how individual differences such as gender and motivation for healthy eating might impact individuals' responses to unhealthy food temptations. In an experimental investigation, 245 participants were exposed to a tasty but low-nutrient food product (potato crisps). The results provide several new insights: (a) when individuals' motivation for healthy eating is low, pleasurable experiences have a positive impact on perceived dietary quality; (b) pleasurable feelings also directly reduce willingness to consume potato crisps; (c) gender influences the relationship between pleasure-feeling and willingness to eat, with a negative relationship for women and a non-significant relationship for men; and (d) among women, there is a positive relationship between arousal and willingness to eat, while this relationship is non-significant for men. This study adds to the body of knowledge already available on food temptations, nutrition, and sustainable eating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concentrations of lead, magnesium, selenium and zinc in seminal fluid from men with variable semen quality (sperm morphology, density and motility) and fertility were determined by atomic absorption spectrometer without or with Zeeman background correction. The mean (±SD) concentration of selenium in the samples ( = 142) was 28.8 ± 9.5 μg/l, which was about a third of the corresponding serum value (77.8 ± 13.3 μg/l, = 140). The serum selenium level was significantly ( < 0.001) higher in infertile than in fertile men, but the seminal fluid did not show such a difference. No correlation was obtained between selenium values in seminal plasma and sperm density or motility. The levels of lead in seminal fluid were very low with no correlation to the levels of magnesium, selenium and zinc or the semen qualities. The seminal fluid lead concentration was significantly ( < 0.001) higher in infertile (3.6 ± 3.2 μg/l, = 79) than in fertile men (1.7 ± 1.0 μg/l, = 39). Magnesium (103.5 ± 49.2 mg/l, = 90) and zinc (141.1 + 71.7 mg/l, = 157) concentrations in seminal fluid were comparable with previous reports. Both minerals showed a positive correlation to the seminal fluid selenium, while only zinc displayed a borderline correlation with sperm density. The present findings indicate that the determination of seminal fluid selenium may not offer any advantages over zinc and magnesium measurement in the fertility assessment and its role in human semen remains obscure. The low lead concentrations in the present material is a clear indication of low industrial exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The concentrations of lead, magnesium, selenium and zinc in seminal fluid from men with variable semen quality (sperm morphology, density and motility) and fertility were determined by atomic absorption spectrometer without or with Zeeman background correction. The mean (+/- SD) concentration of selenium in the samples (n = 142) was 28.8 +/- 9.5 micrograms/l, which was about a third of the corresponding serum value (77.8 +/- 13.3 micrograms/l, n = 140). The serum selenium level was significantly (P less than 0.001) higher in infertile than in fertile men, but the seminal fluid did not show such a difference. No correlation was obtained between selenium values in seminal plasma and sperm density or motility. The levels of lead in seminal fluid were very low with no correlation to the levels of magnesium, selenium and zinc or the semen qualities. The seminal fluid lead concentration was significantly (P less than 0.001) higher in infertile (3.6 +/- 3.2 micrograms/l, n = 79) than in fertile men (1.7 +/- 1.0 micrograms/l, n = 39). Magnesium (103.5 +/- 49.2 mg/l, n = 90) and zinc (141.1 +/- 71.7 mg/l, n = 157) concentrations in seminal fluid were comparable with previous reports. Both minerals showed a positive correlation to the seminal fluid selenium, while only zinc displayed a borderline correlation with sperm density. The present findings indicate that the determination of seminal fluid selenium may not offer any advantages over zinc and magnesium measurement in the fertility assessment and its role in human semen remains obscure. The low lead concentrations in the present material is a clear indication of low industrial exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concentrations of selenium in the reproductive organs, seminal fluid and serum of human males and bulls were analysed using an atomic absorption spectrometer with Zeeman background correction. The mean (±SD) concentration of selenium in human seminal fluid (33.4±14.1 μg/1, = 70) was less than half the level detected in serum (78.2±9.9 μg/l, =32). In bulls, the mean selenium concentration in seminal fluid (457.4±108.7μg/1, =113) was about nine times higher than in human males, while the level in serum (49.1±5.1 μg/1, =94) was significantly (<0.001) lower than in human serum. The selenium concentration (500±244 μg/I) in the bovine seminal vesicle secretions were comparable to those in the seminal fluid and this gland appears to be mainly responsible for the high selenium levels in the seminal fluid. The mean selenium concentration in reproductive tissues of both species was highest in the testes. The distribution of selenium in the bovine epididymis was biphask. The testkular and epididymal selenium are associated mainly with macromolecules of the spermatogenk cells and spermatozoa. It was concluded that studies in farm and laboratory animals do not necessarily form a reliable basis for conclusions with regard to human male reproduction, since selenium may have a different role and importance in the reproduction of various species. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

One of the significant challenges in the industry of food packaging is a high demand for fresh, healthy, and safe foods with maximum shelf life. Selecting suitable packaging materials can be helpful to retain the quality of the food product. Petroleum-based plastics, because of their various structure and strength, are widely applied in many industries, for example, the packaging industry. Nowadays, the replacement of petroleum-based polymers with biodegradable polymers has been expanded in food packaging due to limited oil storage, the increased prices of petroleum, environmental pollution, and rapid global warming. In this review, the different types of biopolyester, their production process, and usage in the food packaging and pharmaceutical are discussed. The products of agriculture and even their wastes are applied as the raw material for biopolyester production. Therefore, the use of biodegradable polymers is very valuable due to the increase of saving energy for other products producing, reducing the chemical costs, and increasing the value of agriculture waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Many parameters influence the success of sustainable projects (SPs) in the architecture–engineering–construction. One of these important parameters is the project delivery attributes (PDA), which are influenced by the project delivery system (PDS) while affecting the selection of it. This study aims to evaluate the significance of PDAs in influencing both the performance and success of SPs in Turkey, where the interest in SPs is high. Design/methodology/approach: The impact of PDAs was determined by applying the two-round Delphi method with a semistructured interview involving the main stakeholders of a construction project, like owners, designers, contractors and consultants who played active roles in SPs, as well as academics to theoretically evaluate the issue. The significance of PDAs was assessed using the relative importance index, and the results were validated using the interrater agreement analysis. Findings: The study identified key PDAs impacting SPs as owner character, commitment and motivation; simulation and energy modelling; and timing of stakeholders/early involvement. Originality/value: The investigation of the significance of the PDAs is a lesser-studied context. Therefore, a research framework that enables an effective set of methods for solving the sectoral problems of PDAs that have impacts on SPs has been proposed. The framework is expected to open new opportunities for the generation and regulation of the PDSs for SPs. The findings will provide valuable insights to project stakeholders, particularly owners, local authorities and policymakers to assess which PDAs have a greater impact on sustainability performance when setting PDSs in SPs in other developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, many restaurateurs in the food and beverage industry started using vague and abstract names to label their dishes. However, the influence of the concreteness of food names on consumers' evaluations of food remains unclear. Therefore, the present study investigated people's perceptions of food names with different levels of concreteness and their evaluations of food deliciousness and healthiness through two experiments. Experiment 1 investigated the likelihood of names with different levels of concreteness being perceived as foods or dishes through subjective guessing tasks. In line with the hypothesis of mental imagery consistency, the results revealed that individuals were more inclined to perceive high-concreteness names as actual food or dishes than low-concrete names. Experiment 2 further explored the impact of food names with different levels of concreteness on consumers' perceptions and evaluations of food in terms of the direct sensory (deliciousness) and indirect inference (healthiness) dimension. The results showed that in terms of deliciousness, consistent with the feelings-as-information theory, high-concreteness food names were rated significantly higher than low-concreteness ones. In terms of healthiness, consistent with the incongruence theory, low-concreteness food names were rated significantly higher than high-concreteness ones. These results indicated that high-concreteness names were more likely to be perceived as foods or dishes. Moreover, they also had advantages in the direct sensory dimension (deliciousness) but were perceived as less healthy in the indirect inference dimension (healthiness). The present findings provide new evidence for studies related to food naming and the evaluation of deliciousness and healthiness and offer suggestions and strategies for the food and beverage industry in naming foods and dishes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to explore how historical context influences the content and selection of rhetorical legitimation strategies. Using case study method, this paper will focus on how insurance companies and labor tried to defend their legitimacy in the context of enactment of Medicare in the USA. What factors influenced the strategic (rhetorical) decisions made by insurance companies and labor unions in their institutional work? Design/methodology/approach: The study is empirically grounded in archival research, involving an analysis of over 9,000 pages of congressional hearings on Medicare covering the period 1958–1965. Findings: The authors show that rhetorical legitimation strategies depend significantly on the specific historical circumstances in which those strategies are used. The historical context lent credibility to certain arguments and organizations are forced to decide either to challenge widely held assumptions or take advantage of them. The authors show that organizations face strong incentives to pursue the latter option. Here, both the insurance companies and labor unions tried to show that their positions were consistent with classical liberal ideology, because of high respect of classical liberal principles among different stakeholders (policymakers, voters, etc.). Research limitations/implications: It is uncertain how much the results of the study could be generalized. More information about the organizations whose use of rhetorics the authors studied could have strengthened our conclusions. Practical implications: The practical relevancy of the revised paper is that the authors should not expect hegemony challenging rhetorics from organizations, which try to influence legislators (and perhaps the larger public). Perhaps (based on the findings), this kind of rhetorics is not even very effective. Social implications: The paper helps to understand better how organizations try to advance their interests and gain acceptance among the stakeholders. Originality/value: In this paper, the authors show how historical context in practice influence rhetorical arguments organizations select in public debates when their goal is to influence the decision-making of their audience. In particular, the authors show how dominant ideology (or ideologies) limit the options organizations face when they are choosing their strategies and arguments. In terms of the selection of rhetorical justification strategies, the most pressing question is not the "real" broad based support of certain ideologies. Insurance company and labor union representatives clearly believed that they must emphasize liberal values (or liberal ideology) if they wanted to gain legitimacy for their positions. In existing literature, it is often assumed that historical context influence the selection of rhetorical strategies but how this in fact happens is not usually specified. The paper shows how interpretations of historical contexts (including the ideological context) in practice influence the rhetorical strategies organizations choose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Maternal nutritional needs during pregnancy increase due to physiological, metabolic and anatomical changes. If the intake is insufficient, there will be deficiencies in both macro and micro nutrients. Multimicronutrient deficiency will affect the growth and anemia status of pregnant women. Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of giving iodized salt and Multi Micronutrient Supplements to pregnant women on hemoglobin levels, body weight, iodine levels in urine and pregnancy outcomes. Method: This research is an analytical research using an experimental design that controls several nonexperimental variables and there is a control group as a comparison group to understand the effect of treatment. Determining the sample in this study used a random experimental method where 200 pregnant women were used as the research sample. The results showed that there was a significant change or increase in Hb levels (p=0.006; <0.000; <0.000), body weight (p=0.001; <0.000; <0.000), lila (<0.0015; <0.000; <0.000), Iodine levels (<0.000; <0.000; <0.000), between the group given iodized salt and MMS and the group given MMS. In this study, in the group of pregnant women who received iodized salt and MMS intervention, on average there was an increase or change in HB levels, iodine levels, mother's weight, baby's weight and abdominal length and circumference compared to those who received MMS. for pregnant women is to regularly maintain nutritional intake during pregnancy, especially consuming iodized salt and MMS which is beneficial for the health of pregnant women and the baby they are carrying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Professional & Vocational Education (JPVE) / Ammattikasvatuksen Aikakauskirja is the property of Finnish Vocational Education Research Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Minimally invasive and non‐invasive hemodynamic monitoring technologies have recently gained more attention, driven by technological advances and the inherent risk of complications in invasive techniques. In this article, an experimental non‐invasive system is presented that effectively combines the capabilities of spectrometry, photoplethysmography (PPG), and arterial pressure measurement. Both time‐ and wavelength‐resolved optical signals from the fingertip are measured under external pressure, which gradually increased above the level of systolic blood pressure. The optical channels measured at 434–731 nm divided into three groups separated by a group of channels with wavelengths approximately between 590 and 630 nm. This group of channels, labeled transition band, is characterized by abrupt changes resulting from a decrease in the absorption coefficient of whole blood. External pressure levels of maximum pulsation showed that shorter wavelengths (<590 nm) probe superficial low‐pressure blood vessels, whereas longer wavelengths (>630 nm) probe high‐pressure arteries. The results on perfusion indices and DC component level changes showed clear differences between the optical channels, further highlighting the importance of wavelength selection in optical hemodynamic monitoring systems. Altogether, the results demonstrated that the integrated system presented has the potential to extract new hemodynamic information simultaneously from macrocirculation to microcirculation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined young Japanese adults' values regarding the consumption of balanced meals consisting of staples, main dishes, and side dishes and how these values relate to demographics, socioeconomic status, nutrition knowledge, attitudes, skills, behaviors, and diet-related quality of life. Data were obtained from the "Survey on Dietary Habits of the Younger Generation" (2000 responses, ages 18–39), of which 1888 valid responses were analyzed. The principal component analysis identified three value patterns: PC1—valuable yet burdensome; PC2—environment-reliant, weak initiative; and PC3—low value due to hassle. Both PC1 and PC3 were associated with prioritizing prices in food choices and knowledge of a balanced meal. However, PC1 participants valued balanced meals and possessed meal preparation skills, whereas PC3 participants valued balanced meals less and had negative attitudes toward eating them. PC1 was positively associated with the frequency of eating balanced meals while PC3 was negatively associated. PC2 individuals had positive attitudes toward eating balanced meals but were less concerned about nutritional balance when choosing foods themselves. This study highlights the importance of adopting an approach that aligns with the value patterns of the target population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healthy dietary patterns during pregnancy are crucial for ensuring maternal and foetal health outcomes. Numerous methodologies exist for assessing the diet of pregnant women, including dietary patterns and various appraisal tools of diet quality. This study aimed to assess the dietary patterns and diet quality of pregnant women and to investigate the relationship between dietary patterns, diet quality estimators, and the adequacy of nutrient intake. EPIC FFQ was applied to a sample of 251 pregnant women, and questionnaires were interpreted with the FETA program. Dietary patterns were then determined by means of principal component analysis. Our results showed a substantial association between dietary patterns and total diet quality, as measured by the Diet Quality Index for Pregnancy (DQI-Pc), PURE Healthy Diet Score, and FIGO Diet Quality Score. We also found correlations between certain dietary patterns and particular nutrient intakes recommended by the European Food Safety Authority during pregnancy. The most deficient intake was registered for iron (86.1%), zinc (87.3%) and magnesium (79.3%), posing a threat to normal bone development, anaemia prophylaxis, and immune status. These results highlight the importance of assessing and understanding eating habits during pregnancy in order to achieve optimal outcomes for both the mother and the foetus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The placenta exerts a crucial role in fetus growth and development during gestation, protecting the fetus from maternal drugs and chemical exposure. However, diverse drugs and chemicals (xenobiotics) can penetrate the maternal placental barrier, leading to deleterious, adverse effects concerning fetus health. Moreover, placental enzymes can metabolize drugs and chemicals into more toxic compounds for the fetus. Thus, evaluating the molecular mechanisms through which drugs and chemicals transfer and undergo metabolism across the placental barrier is of vital importance. In this aspect, this comprehensive literature review aims to provide a holistic approach by critically summarizing and scrutinizing the potential molecular processes and mechanisms governing drugs and chemical transfer and metabolism across the placental barrier, which may lead to fetotoxicity effects, as well as analyzing the currently available experimental methodologies used to assess xenobiotics placental transfer and metabolism. Methods: A comprehensive and in-depth literature review was conducted in the most accurate scientific databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science by using relevant and effective keywords related to xenobiotic placental transfer and metabolism, retrieving 8830 published articles until 5 February 2024. After applying several strict exclusion and inclusion criteria, a final number of 148 relevant published articles were included. Results: During pregnancy, several drugs and chemicals can be transferred from the mother to the fetus across the placental barrier by either passive diffusion or through placental transporters, resulting in fetus exposure and potential fetotoxicity effects. Some drugs and chemicals also appear to be metabolized across the placental barrier, leading to more toxic products for both the mother and the fetus. At present, there is increasing research development of diverse experimental methodologies to determine the potential molecular processes and mechanisms of drug and chemical placental transfer and metabolism. All the currently available methodologies have specific strengths and limitations, highlighting the strong demand to utilize an efficient combination of them to obtain reliable evidence concerning drug and chemical transfer and metabolism across the placental barrier. To derive the most consistent and safe evidence, in vitro studies, ex vivo perfusion methods, and in vivo animal and human studies can be applied together with the final aim to minimize potential fetotoxicity effects. Conclusions: Research is being increasingly carried out to obtain an accurate and safe evaluation of drug and chemical transport and metabolism across the placental barrier, applying a combination of advanced techniques to avoid potential fetotoxic effects. The improvement of the currently available techniques and the development of novel experimental protocols and methodologies are of major importance to protect both the mother and the fetus from xenobiotic exposure, as well as to minimize potential fetotoxicity effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presently, the food industry continues to be major contributor of plastic waste across the globe. The food industry is in great demand of sustainable food packaging material due to increase environmental and health consciousness. Biobased polymers which are degradable promise to be a key solution. Use of nanotechnological advancements in biopolymers provide a wide range of additional benefit and makes them a suitable packaging material. The benefits include barrier to oxygen permeability, moisture permeability, crystalline structure, other barrier properties, morphology, thermal stability, optical properties, mechanical properties, improving shelf life of the packaged food and antimicrobial characteristics. Polymeric materials (matrix) have been infused with nanofillers such as silicates, carbon, cellulose and starch nanoparticles. This review aims to focus on new and effectual polymeric materials for food packaging that are technologically advanced with nanotechnology as a solution to the challenges faced by food industry with regard to the product safety and materials performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer we measured the concentration of selenium and arsenic in serum and blood samples from 336 unselected psoriatic patients and 336 matched healthy controls to evaluate any associations with the clinical course of the disease. We genotyped 336 patients and 903 matched controls to evaluate the prevalence of SOD2 (rs4880), CAT (rs1001179), GPX1 (rs1050450), and DMGDH (rs921943) polymorphisms using Taqman assays. The mean selenium (Se) level in serum was 74 µg/L in patients and 86 µg/L in controls (p < 0.001). The mean Se level in blood was 95 µg/L in patients and 111 µg/L in controls (p < 0.001). Psoriasis risk was greatest among participants with the lowest serum (<68.75 µg/L, OR: 8.30; p < 0.001) and lowest blood concentrations of Se (<88.04 µg/L, OR: 10.3; p < 0.001). Similar results were observed in subgroups of males and females. We found an inverse correlation of selenium levels with PASI, NAPSI, and BSA scores. There was no significant difference in the distribution of the CAT, GPX1, DMGDH, and SOD2 polymorphisms. Among carriers of rs4880, rs1001179, and rs921943 polymorphisms, blood selenium levels were significantly lower. The mean arsenic level in serum was 0.79 µg/L in patients and 0.7 µg/L in controls (p = 0.2). The mean concentration in blood was 1.1 µg/L in patients and 1.3 µg/L in controls (p < 0.001). In conclusion, we found that lower selenium levels, in blood and serum, are associated with psoriasis risk and its more severe course. Future prospective studies should focus on the optimalisation of the concentration of this trace element not only for prophylactic guidance but also to support the treatment of this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Veganism is a movement that avoids consuming animal products. This lifestyle is commonly represented as elitist despite the broad range of people who follow it. Using Bourdieu's taste theory, this study analyzes how personal culinary tastes of different social classes generate favorable (or unfavorable) dispositions to adopting veganism. Methods: We analyzed 73 biographical interviews with 40 young vegans in three different waves. Results: The findings reveal that all social classes exhibit favorable dispositions towards veganism. In upper-class individuals, dispositions to embrace healthy and exotic food facilitate the adoption of new flavors and reflexivity in eating practices. Conversely, lower-class individuals have traditional meatless culinary practices rooted in their restricted budget, facilitating the transition to a plant-based diet. Discussion: These results demonstrate the relevance of social class in understanding the diversity of vegan practices, and they contribute to breaking stereotypes around this movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Professional & Vocational Education (JPVE) / Ammattikasvatuksen Aikakauskirja is the property of Finnish Vocational Education Research Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Quality standards must be established and continually improved through innovations and regular monitoring in medical educational institutions. In addition, medical education must be supported by a quality culture, as well as quality assurance systems. Assuring quality in medical education institutions is a serious concern for policymakers. A major problem is that the quality assurance system is not fully implemented locally, and the institutes lack a robust and comprehensive quality assurance system that can function effectively. These 12 tips provide guidance to medical schools involved in the installation of quality assurance systems. Using these tips will allow medical schools to ensure their quality assurance system reflects their overall mission and goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Terrestrial enhanced weathering (EW) of silicate rocks, such as crushed basalt, on farmlands is a promising scalable atmospheric carbon dioxide removal (CDR) strategy that urgently requires performance assessment with commercial farming practices. We report findings from a large-scale replicated EW field trial across a typical maize-soybean rotation on an experimental farm in the heart of the United Sates Corn Belt over 4 y (2016 to 2020). We show an average combined loss of major cations (Ca2+ and Mg2+) from crushed basalt applied each fall over 4 y (50 t ha-1 y-1) gave a conservative time-integrated cumulative CDR potential of 10.5 ± 3.8 t CO2 ha-1. Maize and soybean yields increased significantly (P < 0.05) by 12 to 16% with EW following improved soil fertility, decreased soil acidification, and upregulation of root nutrient transport genes. Yield enhancements with EW were achieved with significantly (P < 0.05) increased key micro- and macronutrient concentrations (including potassium, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, and zinc), thus improving or maintaining crop nutritional status. We observed no significant increase in the content of trace metals in grains of maize or soybean or soil exchangeable pools relative to controls. Our findings suggest that widespread adoption of EW across farming sectors has the potential to contribute significantly to net-zero greenhouse gas emissions goals while simultaneously improving food and soil security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper (Cu), an essential trace element, is crucial for both the mother and fetus. Currently, an increasing number of studies have focused on blood copper levels during pregnancy. Studies have found that blood copper levels in pregnant women are higher than those in reproductive-age women, but the trend, mainly in the 2nd and 3rd trimester, is still controversial. Most studies showed that blood copper levels gradually increased during pregnancy, while some studies found that blood copper levels remained stable or even decreased in the 3rd trimester. The possible mechanisms of variations in blood copper during pregnancy include the influence of estrogen (hepatic uptake and excretion, ceruloplasmin synthesis, maternal–fetal transport, etc.), the interaction of other trace elements (Fe, Zn, etc.) and other factors. Among them, maternal–fetal copper transport caused by elevated estrogen may be the main reason for the inconsistencies observed in the 2nd and 3rd trimester during pregnancy. However, there are some mechanisms require further investigation. In the future, the trend and mechanisms of blood copper during pregnancy should be explored more deeply to help doctors better monitor copper status and detect copper abnormalities in time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The epidemiological evidence regarding the impact of dietary selenium intake on hypertension continues to be a subject of controversy. Our objective is to examine the correlation between dietary selenium intake and the prevalence of hypertension within a substantial and diverse population in the United States. Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to assess the association between dietary selenium intake and hypertension prevalence. Weight logistic regression analysis and smooth curve fitting were utilized to explore potential linear relationships. Subgroup analysis was further employed to investigate potential differences in this relationship across populations and assess potential synergies. Results: The study included 32,928 individuals, and the average dietary selenium intake was 1.12 ± 0.53 mg. The prevalence rate of hypertension was 36.55% overall and decreased with the higher dietary selenium intake quartiles (quartiles 1, 40.25%; quartiles 2, 37.71%; quartiles 3, 36.04%, quartiles 4, 32.23%, p < 0.001). Each quartile increase in dietary selenium intake associated with 11% decreased the likelihood of prevalence of hypertension [OR = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.80--1.00; p = 0.0425]. Subgroup analyses revealed that there was no significant correlation between gender, age, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and diabetes mellitus in relation to the association between dietary selenium intake and the prevalence of hypertension. Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension in adults was found to be linearly and negatively correlated with dietary selenium intake. In order to improve the prevention and treatment of hypertension, greater emphasis should be placed on selenium consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nuclear magnetic resonance cryoporometry (NMRC) and differential scanning calorimetry thermoporometry (DSC-TPM) are powerful methods for measuring mesopore size distributions. The methods are based on the fact that, according to the Gibbs–Thomson equation, the melting point depression of a liquid confined to a pore is inversely proportional to the pore size. However, aqueous salt solutions, which inherently exist in a broad range of biological porous materials as well as technological applications such as electrolytes, do not melt at a single temperature. This causes artefacts in the pore size distributions extracted by traditional Gibbs–Thomson analysis of NMRC and DSC-TPM data. Bulk aqueous NaCl solutions are known to have a broad distribution of melting points between the eutectic and pure water phase transition points (252–273 K). Here, we hypothesize that, when aqueous NaCl solution (saline) is confined to a small pore, the whole melting point distribution is shifted toward lower temperatures by the value predicted by the Gibbs–Thomson equation. We show that this so-called shifted phase transition distribution (SIDI) approach removes the artefacts arising from the traditional Gibbs–Thomson analysis and gives correct pore size distributions for saline saturated mesoporous silica gel and controlled pore materials analyzed by NMR cryoporometry. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the method can be used for determining pore sizes in collagen–chondroitin sulphate hydrogels resembling the composition of the extracellular matrix of articular cartilage. It is straightforward to apply the SIDI analysis for DSC-TMP data as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We aimed to determine if salivary cadmium (Cd) levels had any association with breast density, hoping to establish a less invasive cost‐effective method of stratifying Cd burden as an environmental breast cancer risk factor. Methods: Salivary Cd levels were quantified from the Marin Women's Study, a Marin County, California population composite. Volumetric compositional breast density (BDsxa) data were measured by single x‐ray absorptiometry techniques. Digital screening mammography was performed by the San Francisco Mammography Registry. Radiologists reviewed mammograms and assigned a Breast Imaging‐Reporting and Data System score. Early morning salivary Cd samples were assayed. Association analyses were then performed. Results: Cd was quantifiable in over 90% of saliva samples (mean = 55.7 pg/L, SD = 29). Women with higher saliva Cd levels had a non‐significant odds ratio of 1.34 with BI‐RAD scores (3 or 4) (95% CI 0.75–2.39, p = 0.329). Cd levels were higher in current smokers (mean = 61.4 pg/L, SD = 34.8) than former smokers or non‐smokers. These results were non‐significant. Pilot data revealed that higher age and higher BMI were associated with higher BI‐RAD scores (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Salivary Cd is a viable quantification source in large epidemiologic studies. Association analyses between Cd levels and breast density may provide additional information for breast cancer risk assessment, risk reduction plans, and future research directions. Further work is needed to demonstrate a more robust testing protocol before the extent of its usefulness can be established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current work aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with either Zinc Oxide (ZnO) or nano-Zinc Oxide (n-ZnO), during post maturation, on some biochemical parameters in mature V-line male rabbits. A total of 30 V-line male rabbits (5 months old) were divided into three equal groups; control group received basal diet, ZnO group received basal diet supplemented with 60mg ZnO/kg and n-ZnO group received basal diet supplemented with 60 mg nano-ZnO/kg for 3 months. At 6th month old, body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), food consumption (FC), food conversion ratio (FCR), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), testosterone, and semen characters as well as serum and seminal plasma levels of Zinc, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were recorded monthly. At the end of 8th month old, androgen receptor (AR) gene expression and microscopical picture of testicular tissue were recorded. Results revealed that ZnO group exhibited significant (P≤0.05) improvement in all studied parameters. Moreover, n-ZnO group showed significant improvement over ZnO group in all studied parameters at the 6th month of age, and in Zinc level throughout the experimental period. However, at the 7th and 8th months of age n-ZnO group, exhibited significant (P≤0.05) adverse effects on all the studied parameters. It could be concluded that ZnO or nano-ZnO improves production and reproduction in mature V-line male rabbits. However, the effect of nano-ZnO was time dependent, since, it induced drastic effects after the 6th month of age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nuts and algae have been shown to improve BP levels, but their effectiveness is controversial. Aims: This study aims to illustrate the effect of dietary pattern with nuts and algae-less on BP levels in children and adolescents from a cross-sectional study. Methods: A total of 5645 children from the Chongqing Children's Health Cohort, aged 9.34 ± 1.74 years with 52.05% males, were analyzed. Stratified analysis was conducted to explore the differences between the two dietary patterns in urban or rural areas, as well as the differences in different gender. Logistic regression was used to analyze the influence factors of increased BP. And a GLM was used to analyze the influence of the two dietary patterns on systolic blood pressure (SBP, mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (DBP, mmHg), and mean arterial pressure (MAP, mmHg). Results: Children with nuts and algae-less dietary patterns had higher SBP (104.68 ± 10.31 vs 103.81 ± 9.74, P = .006), DBP (64.27 ± 7.53 vs 63.55 ± 7.52, P = .002), and MAP (77.74 ± 7.75 vs 76.97 ± 7.52, P = .001) compared with those children with a balanced diet. After adjusting for covariates, the nuts and algae-less diet was a risk factor for hypertension in children when compared with the balanced diet(OR(95%CI):1.455(1.097,1.930), P = .009). The nuts and algae-less diet has a significant influence on SBP (104.68 ± 10.31 mmHg vs.103.81 ± 9.74 mmHg, P = .006). Stratified analysis by sex showed that nuts and algae-less dietary patterns had a more significant impact on females than males. Conclusion: Nuts and algae-less dietary pattern correlated with increased BP levels in children, and a greater impact on SBP levels was found in females, suggesting that a balanced diet with appropriate nuts and algae should be proposed for children in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Low-Dye tape (LDT) is a short-term treatment for plantar fasciitis, where external stabilization by means of the tape improves kinetics, kinematics, pain level, and electromyography (EMG). Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the EMG of the medial gastrocnemius (MG) and changes in arch height (AH) based on the type of foot. Methods: A total of 30 subjects participated in this study; they walked on a treadmill barefoot and when taped, where the average activity and changes in AH were measured over a 30 s period. The statistical intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to test for reliability was calculated, and the Wilcoxon test was determined for measures of EMG and AH. Results: The reliability of the values of EMG was almost perfect. The data show that there was an increase in height in the comparison of the moment pre-baseline walking and post-taped walking on neutral feet (5.61 ± 0.46 vs. 5.77 ± 0.39 cm, p < 0.05), on pronated feet (5.67 ± 0.57 vs. 6.01 ± 0.53 cm, p < 0.001) and on supinated feet (5.97 ± 0.36 vs. 6.28 ± 0.27 cm, p < 0.05). In the MG, EMG activity decreased significantly in the taped condition compared to the baseline condition in neutral subjects (0.0081 ± 0.016 vs. 0.076 ± 0.016 mV, p < 0.05) and in pronated subjects (0.081 ± 0.022 vs. 0.068 ± 0.025 mV, p < 0.05). Conclusions: It was demonstrated that with the use of LDT, there was an improvement in the average activity in the MG in pronated and neutral feet. All foot types improved in arch height with the use of tape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: High output is a common complication after stoma formation. Although the management of high output is described in the literature, there is a lack of consensus on definitions and treatment. Our aim was to review and summarise the current best evidence. Methods: MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, BNI, CINAHL, EMBASE, EMCARE, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from 1 Jan 2000 to 31 Dec 2021 for relevant articles on adult patients with a high-output stoma. Patients with enteroatmospheric fistulas and case series/reports were excluded. Risk of bias was assessed using RoB2 and MINORS. The review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021226621). Results: The search strategy identified 1095 articles, of which 32 studies with 768 patients met the inclusion criteria. These studies comprised 15 randomised controlled trials, 13 non-randomised prospective trials, and 4 retrospective cohort studies. Eighteen different interventions were assessed. In the meta-analysis, there was no difference in stoma output between controls and somatostatin analogues (g − 1.72, 95% CI − 4.09 to 0.65, p = 0.11, I2 = 88%, t2 = 3.09), loperamide (g − 0.34, 95% CI − 0.69 to 0.01, p = 0.05, I2 = 0%, t2 = 0) and omeprazole (g − 0.31, 95% CI − 2.46 to 1.84, p = 0.32, I2 = 0%, t2 = 0). Thirteen randomised trials showed high concern of bias, one some concern, and one low concern. The non-randomised/retrospective trials had a median MINORS score of 12 out of 24 (range 7–17). Conclusion: There is limited high-quality evidence favouring any specific widely used drug over the others in the management of high-output stoma. Evidence, however, is weak due to inconsistent definitions, risk of bias and poor methodology in the existing studies. We recommend the development of validated core descriptor and outcomes sets, as well as patient-reported outcome measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Environmental Protection Agency classifies healthcare as one of the leading energy-consuming industries. Extensive energy is needed around the clock in healthcare institutions for lighting, ventilation, and operating medical equipment. However, there is a growing concern over the sustainability of energy utilization by healthcare institutions worldwide. This narrative review thus seeks to examine energy efficiency and utilization in healthcare institutions and energy management and conservation techniques and make recommendations for future optimal usage. The paper notes that healthcare institutions use different quantities of energy from diverse sources, including hydropower, biomass, solar energy, and wind power. However, energy consumption varies from one institution to another, with the number of beds and intensity of healthcare operations, with an average of 0.27MWh m-2. Moreover, this review also identified various techniques and measures to enhance energy efficiency, such as the variant refrigerant flow technology and the combination of renewable energy sources with diesel generators to reduce the cost of electricity. Overall, healthcare institutions need energy management systems such as automated energy monitoring technologies, to check the systems' efficiency. The same techniques can also help Middle Eastern healthcare institutions with efficient energy utilization. Ultimately, the literature review aims to introduce an approach that focuses on reducing site-level consumption of energy while increasing the quality of the energy used and hence, helping reduce energy costs while conserving the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new anodic stripping voltammetry technique has been proposed for direct determination of zinc in seminal plasma of bulls. Two types of electrodes were used as working electrodes—a stationary glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and a thick-film-modified graphite electrode (TMGE) for comparison. The method is rapid, simple, and highly accurate, has high selectivity and low limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs), and no sample pretreatment steps are also required. The data obtained in both cases agree well with each other and with the data obtained by the independent method of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The relative error of the zinc determination by anodic stripping voltammetry does not exceed 10%. The LOD and LOQ values obtained under optimized conditions were 3.0 and 8.0 µg L−1 for GCE and 2.0 and 5.0 µg L−1 for TMGE, respectively. In contrast to the GCE application, the TMGE application did not include the addition of toxic soluble mercury salts (II) in the electrolyte solution. The zinc content in seminal plasma of bulls is 6.1 ÷ 13.0 mg L−1. The mean values of zinc concentrations in the samples were 8.4, 11.9, and 9.0 mg L−1 for Red, Simmental, and Black-motley animals, respectively. All of these values are within physiological limits and agree well with literature data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is an abundance of epidemiological evidence and animal experiments concerning the correlation between cadmium exposure and adverse male reproductive health outcomes. However, the evidence remains inconclusive. We conducted a literature search from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science over the past 3 decades. Pooled r and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were derived from Cd levels of the type of biological materials and different outcome indicators to address the large heterogeneity of existing literature. Cd was negatively correlated with semen parameters (r = − 0.122, 95% CI − 0.151 to − 0.092) and positively correlated with sera sex hormones (r = 0.104, 95% CI 0.060 to 0.147). Among them, Cd in three different biological materials (blood, semen, and urine) was negatively correlated with semen parameters, while among sex hormones, only blood and urine were statistically positively correlated. In subgroup analysis, blood Cd was negatively correlated with semen density, sperm motility, sperm morphology, and sperm count. Semen Cd was negatively correlated with semen concentration. As for serum sex hormones, blood Cd had no statistical significance with three hormones, while semen Cd was negatively correlated with testosterone. In summary, cadmium exposure might be associated with the risk of a decline in sperm quality and abnormal levels of sex hormones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy systems represents a pivotal step toward the realization of a sustainable society. This study aims to analyze representative scientific literature on eco-sustainable energy production in the healthcare sector, particularly in hospitals. Given hospitals' substantial electricity consumption, the adoption of renewable energy offers a reliable, low-CO2 emission solution. The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the urgency for energy-efficient and environmentally-responsible approaches. This brief review analyzes the development of experimental, simulation, and optimization projects for sustainable energy production in healthcare facilities. The analysis reveals trends and challenges in renewable energy systems, offering valuable insights into the potential of eco-sustainable solutions in the healthcare sector. The findings indicate that hydrogen storage systems are consistently coupled with photovoltaic panels or solar collectors, but only 14% of the analyzed studies explore this potential within hospital settings. Hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) could be used to meet the energy demands of healthcare centers and hospitals. However, the integration of HRES in hospitals and medical buildings is understudied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Integrated project delivery (IPD) has attracted considerable attention in recent years, however only a few review studies captured the dynamic and evolving nature of this topic. The purpose of this study is to review the most recent IPD publications, in order to shed light on future research. Design/methodology/approach: Using a systematic review methodology, the study aims to synthesize the current IPD literature, and frame the latest research and development in this domain. A systematic review is conducted to identify the current state-of-the-art of IPD research and the latest research themes and trends in this domain. A bibliometric analysis is performed to explain characteristics of screened articles, and through a thematic analysis the latest themes and trends are recognized. Findings: In this study, based on IPD characteristics (contractual-regulative, operational-cognitive and organizational-structural), research themes (legal, commercial, technological, procedural, cultural and structural), sub-themes and their associated trends are identified. The latest emerging trends are mostly related to the contractual characteristics of IPD, and are focused on the combination of IPD with new business models and developing contractual guidelines for promoting IPD applications in off-site and on-site construction projects. Originality/value: This research contributes to the body of knowledge by synthesizing the state of the art of IPD in construction literature and exposing the latest research trends in this area. A theoretical framework of integration in an IPD context is developed, based on the literature. Finally, future areas of studies are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Few birth cohorts in South America evaluate the joint effect of minerals and toxic metals on neonatal health. In Madre de Dios, Peru, mercury exposure is prevalent owing to artisanal gold mining, yet its effect on neonatal health is unknown. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to determine whether toxic metals are associated with lower birth weight and shorter gestational age independently of antenatal care and other maternal well-being factors. METHODS: Data are from the COhorte de NAcimiento de MAdre de Dios (CONAMAD) birth cohort, which enrolled pregnant women in Madre de Dios prior to their third trimester and obtained maternal and cord blood samples at birth. We use structural equation models (SEMs) to construct latent variables for the maternal metals environment (ME) and the fetal environment (FE) using concentrations of calcium, iron, selenium, zinc, magnesium, mercury, lead, and arsenic measured in maternal and cord blood, respectively. We then assessed the relationship between the latent variables ME and FE, toxic metals, prenatal visits, hypertension, and their effect on gestational age and birth weight. RESULTS: Among 198 mothers successfully enrolled and followed at birth, 29% had blood mercury levels that exceeded the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention threshold of 5.8μg/L and 2 mothers surpassed the former 5-μg/dL threshold for blood lead. The current threshold value is 3.5 μg/dL. Minerals and toxic metals loaded onto ME and FE latent variables. ME was associated with FE (β= 0.24; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.45). FE was associated with longer gestational age (β= 2.31; 95% CI: -0.3, 4.51) and heavier birth weight. Mercury exposure was not directly associated with health outcomes. A 1% increase in maternal blood lead shortened gestational age by 0.05 d (β= -0.75; 95% CI: -1.51, -0.13), which at the 5-μg/dL threshold resulted in a loss of 3.6 gestational days and 76.5 g in birth weight for newborns. Prenatal care visits were associated with improved birth outcomes, with a doubling of visits from 6 to 12 associated with 5.5 more gestational days (95% CI: 1.6, 9.4) and 319 g of birth weight (95% CI: 287.6, 350.7). DISCUSSION: Maternal lead, even at low exposures, was associated with shorter gestation and lower birth weight. Studies that focus only on harmful exposures or nutrition may mischaracterize the dynamic maternal ME and FE. SEMs provide a framework to evaluate these complex relationships during pregnancy and reduce overcontrolling that can occur with linear regression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dyslipidaemia is a disorder of the lipid metabolism, caused mainly by poor eating habits. The most severe consequence of an inappropriate diet is the development of atherosclerosis and hepatic steatosis. It is generally believed that a change in nutrition, and increased physical activity can eliminate these health problems. The contemporary research and therapies used to treat dyslipidemia mainly focus on lowering the triglyceride and cholesterol levels. However, disturbances in trace element homeostasis or the accumulation of toxic elements can also affect physiological processes, and be involved in the development of metabolically mediated diseases. The present study aimed to determine the mineral profiles of liver and brain tissues collected at autopsy (n = 39) in groups of people with hepatic steatosis (n = 5), atherosclerosis (n = 9), hepatic steatosis, and atherosclerosis (n = 16), and others without the selected disorders (n = 9). Concentrations of 51 elements were analysed via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after the initial wet mineralisation of the samples with nitric acid. The results obtained allow us to conclude that the hepatic steatosis group suffers from a deficiency of important trace elements, such as copper, zinc, and molybdenum (p < 0.05), whereas the group with atherosclerosis is characterised by elevated levels of cadmium in the liver tissue (p = 0.01). Analysing the mean values of the element concentrations measured in 11 brain areas, statistically significant higher levels of calcium and copper (p < 0.001) were found in the atherosclerosis group, compared to the hepatic steatosis group, confirming the involvement of these elements in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In addition, an accumulation of cadmium, lead, titanium, and strontium in the brain tissue was observed in the atherosclerosis group. While the accumulation of individual elements differs in different parts of the brain, the differences in the cadmium content (p < 0.05) between the study groups apply to the whole brain, except for the nucleus accumbens septi area, where a statistically significant titanium accumulation occurs in the atherosclerosis and steatosis groups, compared to the others (p < 0.05). In addition, the disruption of elemental homeostasis in the brain of a single case with bipolar disorder, and a case with hip replacement was observed. Our results confirm the involvement of chemical elements in the pathogenesis of selected metabolic diseases, and the need for further studies in larger populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper presents a comprehensive study on the optimal planning and design of hybrid renewable energy systems for microgrid (MG) applications at Oakland University. The HOMER Pro platform analyzes the technical, economic, and environmental aspects of integrating renewable energy technologies. The research also focuses on the importance of addressing unmet load in the MG system design to ensure the university's electricity demand is always met. By optimizing the integration of various renewable energy technologies, such as solar photovoltaic (PV), energy storage system (ESS), combined heat and power (CHP), and wind turbine energy (WT), the study aims to fulfill the energy requirements while reducing reliance on traditional grid sources and achieving significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. The proposed MG configurations are designed to be scalable and flexible, accommodating future expansions, load demands changes, and technological advancements without costly modifications or disruptions. By conducting a comprehensive analysis of technical, economic, and environmental factors and addressing unmet load, this research contributes to advancing renewable energy integration within MG systems. It offers a complete guide for Oakland University and other institutions to effectively plan, design, and implement hybrid renewable energy solutions, fostering a greener and more resilient campus environment. The findings demonstrate the potential for cost-effective and sustainable energy solutions, providing valuable guidance for Oakland University's search for energy resilience and environmental surveillance, which has a total peak load of 9.958 MW. The HOMER simulation results indicate that utilizing all renewable resources, the estimated net present cost (NPC) is a minimum of USD 30 M, with a levelized energy cost (LCOE) of 0.00274 USD/kWh. In addition, the minimum desired load will be unmetered on some days in September. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]