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The conductivity for half-filled disordered Hubbard model in different interaction regimes is studied using a typical medium dynamical mean-field theory. The Kubo formula with the geometrically averaged Green function is used to calculate the optical and dc conductivity of the system. The dependence of the conductivities in the model on the random potential and temperature in the weak and intermediate interaction regimes is investigated numerically. It is shown that in the weak interaction regime at a fixed temperature the optical conductivity at low frequencies as well as the dc conductivity get decreased as disorder strength increases. Whereas in the intermediate interaction regime, the results show a reentrant effect of the insulating phases. Our dc conductivity of a non-interacting disordered system is consistent with those known in the literature and our other results are in agreement with the phase diagram obtained by using typical medium theory with different impurity solvers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mixed-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures offer promising platforms for exploring interesting phenomena and functionalities. To exploit their full potential, precise epitaxial processes and well-defined heterointerfaces between different components are essential. Here, we control the growth of one-dimensional (1D) vdW microwires on hexagonal crystals via plasma treatment of the growth templates. AgCN serves as a model 1D system for examining the dependence of the nucleation and growth parameters on the surface treatment conditions and substrate types. The oxygen-plasma-treated transition metal dichalcogenides form step edges mediated by formation of surface metal oxides, leading to robust AgCN epitaxy with an enhanced nucleation density and low horizontal growth rates. Monte Carlo simulations reproduce the experimentally observed growth behaviors and unveil the crucial growth parameters, such as surface diffusivity. The plasma treatment results in distinct effects on graphite and hexagonal boron nitride templates, which undergo plasma-induced amorphization and deactivation of the AgCN vdW epitaxy. We achieve the selective growth of AgCN microwires on graphite using the deactivated vdW epitaxy. This study offers significant insights into the impact of surface treatment on 1D vdW epitaxy, opening avenues for controlled fabrication of mixed-dimensional vdW heterostructures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A partial cooling supercritical carbon dioxide cycle is used in this study for the application of a solar power tower. Additionally, the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is considered as a bottoming cycle in the process of recovering wasted heat. Moreover, fluids with zero ozone depletion potential and low global warming potential are considered as operating fluids for bottoming ORC. Exergy, energy and exergoenvironmental analyses were performed in order to evaluate the usefulness of the proposed system to generate electrical power and driven by solar energy. The effect of various independent parameters on system performance is investigated. It is concluded that as direct normal irradiation (DNI) changes from 0.4 to 0.95 kW m−2, the combined cycle's thermal efficiency, exergy efficiency, and power output increase from 35.16% to 55.43%, 37.73% to 59.42%, and 188 kW to 298.5 kW, respectively for R1224yd(Z) fluid. However, exergoenvironmental impact index falls by 58.79% as DNI rises, while the exergetic stability factor rises by 57.79%. The system's optimized thermal efficiency is found to be 53.45%. Furthermore, the performance of the combined system can be improved by decreasing the incidence angle of the sun while simultaneously increasing the concentration ratio. The fluid R1224yd(Z) is recommended as the best-performing fluid as compared to the other fluids due to its superior thermal performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the durability, the wear resistance, the tribological behavior, and the wear particles flow of the Anodic Aluminum Oxide Film 5083 were studied under cyclic loading. Different anodizing durations (reaction times (RT)) and applied currents (J) were tested. Besides, a tribological model with a correlation between the friction coefficient and the wear mechanisms of the oxide layer was established. Postmortem analyses were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive x-rays (EDX), and profilometry analyses. Experimental results were shown that the increase in the RT improves the durability of the 5083-aluminum alloy oxide layer. Moreover, when RT increased, the stability of friction coefficient was improved, and the surfaced pores were more filled with micro-sized wear particles, inducing the establishment of a compacted layer. Consequently, the 5083-aluminum alloy oxide layer was shown important tribological characteristics such as the durability and wear resistance after hundreds of rubbing cycles. It was concluded that three stages characterized the friction behavior and the wear particle flow under cycling: firstly, a friction coefficient stable stage with the establishment of an internal flow that feeds the contact (internal source flow); the second stage is the progressive increase in the friction coefficient, while the wear particles were crushed and compacted to form a smooth layer, constituting the continuous internal flow; and the third stage is the return of the stable state of the friction coefficient, where the smooth layers spread, and the pores filled with the powder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

P‐values that are derived from continuously distributed test statistics are typically uniformly distributed on (0,1) under least favorable parameter configurations (LFCs) in the null hypothesis. Conservativeness of a p‐value P (meaning that P is under the null hypothesis stochastically larger than uniform on (0,1)) can occur if the test statistic from which P is derived is discrete, or if the true parameter value under the null is not an LFC. To deal with both of these sources of conservativeness, we present two approaches utilizing randomized p‐values. We illustrate their effectiveness for testing a composite null hypothesis under a binomial model. We also give an example of how the proposed p‐values can be used to test a composite null in group testing designs. We find that the proposed randomized p‐values are less conservative compared to nonrandomized p‐values under the null hypothesis, but that they are stochastically not smaller under the alternative. The problem of establishing the validity of randomized p‐values has received attention in previous literature. We show that our proposed randomized p‐values are valid under various discrete statistical models, which are such that the distribution of the corresponding test statistic belongs to an exponential family. The behavior of the power function for the tests based on the proposed randomized p‐values as a function of the sample size is also investigated. Simulations and a real data example are used to compare the different considered p‐values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research encompasses the numerical analysis of trioxymethylene dimethyl ether (OME3) e-fuel on an industrial compression ignition engine, as a viable replacement for diesel fuel. The performed simulations examined single injection and multi-injection operating conditions of OME3, varying injection rates and timing. The combustion process is modeled employing two approaches: three-dimensional extended coherent flame model (ECFM-3Z) and general gas phase reactions (GGPR) with a reduced chemical kinetic mechanism. ECFM-3Z gives a faster convergence, where pretabulated autoignition and laminar flame speed databases are integrated into the model to decrease computational time. The GGPR approach is validated on the experimental values for mean pressure, temperature, and rate of released heat in the same engine with diesel fuel and then again employed on an OME3. Both approaches confirmed that a higher amount of OME3 and a prolonged injection time is needed to achieve the same released heat per cycle as diesel fuel since OME3 has a lower net calorific value. It is established that combusting OME3, a 15% higher mean pressure peak can be achieved in multi-injection case compared to the diesel fuel, by adapting the injection timing. Additionally, nitrogen oxides emissions for OME3 are also compared to the diesel case for both combustion modeling approaches. Under the context of multi-injection, the OME3 fuel results show equivalent or lesser nitrogen oxides emissions than those of diesel fuel. The outcomes yielded by the GGPR model utilizing the Lin mechanism revealed decreased temperatures, leading to correspondingly diminished concentrations of nitrogen oxide emissions in comparison with the ECFM-3Z model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Titanium dioxide (Titania) nanoparticle-coated biochar derived through co-pyrolysis of COVID-19 waste face mask (WFM) and Moringa oleifera seed cake (MO) provides an effective way to alleviate toxic metal in wastewater. This study investigates the effects of Biochar/titania photocatalyst preparation, characterization, and its photoreduction of Cr(VI). The morphological and functional modifications in the catalyst were identified using X-Ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet spectrophotometer, surface area analysis, and Raman spectrophotometer, respectively. The influencing parameters, namely, pH, photocatalyst dosage, initial pollutant concentration, and visible light irradiation time, have been investigated. The findings reveal that the Cr(VI) reduction by the photocatalyst was highly facilitated by photocatalytic process. The prepared photocatalyst shows higher and faster reduction rate of Cr(VI) and also improves the catalyst stability. The photoreduction of Cr(VI) ensembles well with pseudo-first order kinetics. At 180 min of reaction time, maximum Cr(VI) reduction of 98.65% was achieved at pH 2, 0.3 g/L catalyst dosage, and 10 ppm initial concentration, respectively. The synthesized photocatalyst shows excellent recycling performance up to 7 times, and these studies proved that the prepared catalyst is cost-effective and efficiently employed for removing pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global market for fuel pellets (FPs) has been steadily growing because of a shift to coal substitutes. However, sustainability and the availability of biomass are the main issues. Various kinds of bio-wastes can be valorized through cutting-edge technologies. In the coffee industry, a valuable organic waste called spent coffee grounds (SCGs) is generated in bulk. SCG can be divided into two components, namely spent coffee ground oil and defatted spent coffee grounds (DSCG). SCG and DSCG can be used to produce FPs with excellent higher heating values. This review highlights that burning FPs composed of 100% SCG is not feasible due to the high emission of NOx. Moreover, the combustion is accompanied by a rapid temperature drop due to incomplete combustion which leads to lower boiler combustion efficiencies and increased carbon monoxide emissions. This was because of the low pellet strength and bulk density of the FP. Mixing SCG with other biomass offers improved boiler efficiency and emissions. Some of the reported optimized FPs include 75% SCG + 20% coffee silverskin, 30% SCG + 70% pine sawdust, 90% SCG + 10% crude glycerol, 32% SCG + 23% coal fines + 11% sawdust + 18% mielie husks + 10% waste paper + 6% paper pulp, and 50% SCG + 50% pine sawdust. This review noted the absence of combustion and emissions analyses of DSCG and the need for their future assessment. Valorization of DSCG offers a good pathway to improve the economics of an SCG-based biorefinery where the extracted SCGO can be valorized in other applications. The combustion and emissions of DSCG were not previously reported in detail. Therefore, future investigation of DSCG in boilers is essential to assess the potential of this industry and improve its economics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inherent capability and increased efficiency of microalgae to convert sunlight into solar chemical energy are further enhanced by the higher amount of oils stored in microalgae compared to other land-based plant species. Therefore, the widespread interest in producing biofuels from microalgae has gained considerable interest among leading energy experts and researchers due to the burgeoning global issues stemming from the depletion of fossil fuel reserves, future energy security, increasing greenhouse gas emissions, and the competition for limited resources between food crops and conventional biomass feedstock. This paper aims to present the recent advances in biofuel production from microalgae and the potential benefits of microalgae in the energy and environmental sectors, as well as sustainable development. Besides, bottlenecks and challenges mainly relating to techniques of cultivation and harvesting, as well as downstream processes are completely presented. Promising solutions and novel trends for realizing strategies of producing biofuels from microalgae on an industrial and commercial scale are also discussed in detail. Alternatively, the role of microalgae in the circular economy is thoroughly analyzed, indicating that the potential of scaling up current microalgae-based production could benefit from the waste-to-energy strategy with microalgae as a key intermediate. In the future, further research into combining different microalgae biomass pretreatment techniques, separating the microalgae feedstock from the cultured media, developing new species, and optimizing the biofuel production process should be carried out to reduce the prices of microalgae biofuels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study used red mud modified with chitosan (RM/CS) as a novel adsorbent to remove Ni(II) ions from an aqueous solution. The adsorbent was characterized by the techniques of the BET method, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. According to the findings, the surface area of RM/CS is nearly doubled compared to CS, from 68.6 to 105.7 m2.g−1. The Ni(II) batch adsorption of RM/CS was performed as a function of pH value, contact time, and volume of adsorbent. Three isotherm adsorption models (Langmuir, Freundlich, and Sips) and three kinetic models (the pseudo-first-order, the pseudo-second-order, and the intra-diffusion models) were fitted with the experimental data to calculate the maximum adsorption capacity and to estimate the uptake in nature. The Langmuir monolayer adsorption capacity for Nickel (II) is 31.66 mg.g−1 at a pH of 6.0, with an adsorption time of 180 min and a temperature of 323 K. The Ni(II) adsorption on RM/CS is the exothermic process and is controlled by the intra-diffusion model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background and Goal: Several studies have investigated the association of sleep, diurnal patterns, and circadian rhythms with the presence and with the risk states of mental illnesses such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The goal of our study was to examine actigraphic measures to identify features that can be extracted from them so that a machine learning model can detect premorbid latent liabilities for schizotypy and bipolarity. (2) Methods: Our team developed a small wrist-worn measurement device that collects and identifies actigraphic data based on an accelerometer. The sensors were used by carefully selected healthy participants who were divided into three groups: Control Group (C), Cyclothymia Factor Group (CFG), and Positive Schizotypy Factor Group (PSF). From the data they collected, our team performed data cleaning operations and then used the extracted metrics to generate the feature combinations deemed most effective, along with three machine learning algorithms for categorization. (3) Results: By conducting the training, we were able to identify a set of mildly correlated traits and their order of importance based on the Shapley value that had the greatest impact on the detection of bipolarity and schizotypy according to the logistic regression, Light Gradient Boost, and Random Forest algorithms. (4) Conclusions: These results were successfully compared to the results of other researchers; we had a similar differentiation in features used by others, and successfully developed new ones that might be a good complement for further research. In the future, identifying these traits may help us identify people at risk from mental disorders early in a cost-effective, automated way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Layered group-IV monochalcogenides, including GeS, GeSe, SnS, and SnSe, garner attention because of their anisotropic structures and properties. Here, we report on the growth of GeS microribbons via chemical vapor transport (CVT), which affords each of them with a low-symmetry orthorhombic structure and anisotropic optical and electronic properties. The single-crystalline nature of the GeS microribbon, which has a typical thickness of ~30 nm, is confirmed. Polarized Raman spectra reveal angle-dependent intensities that are attributed to the anisotropic layered structure of GeS microribbons. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra reveal a peak at ~1.66 eV. The angle-dependent PL and anisotropic absorption spectroscopy results provide evidence for a distinct anisotropic optical transition near the energy band edges; this phenomenon is also predicted by our density functional theory (DFT)-based calculations. Strong in-plane direct-current transport anisotropy is observed under dark and white illumination by using back-gate cross-shaped field effect transistors (CSFETs) fabricated with the GeS microribbon; significant gate-tunable conductivity is also confirmed. The strong anisotropy is further confirmed by the DFT-calculated effective mass ratio. Our findings not only support the application of GeS microribbons in anisotropic photoelectronic transistors but also provide more possibilities for other functional device applications. Two-dimensional distorted orthorhombic GeS microribbons has been synthesized applying vapor-liquid-solid and vapor-solid mechanism-based chemical vapor transport. Polarized Raman and photoluminescence characterizations show the significantly angle-dependent intensity and anisotropic optical properties. Additionally, we probed the anisotropic electric properties by fabricating back-gate cross-shaped field effect transistors. In-plane direct current measurement demonstrated the charge carrier transport anisotropy and its anisotropic current ratio can be linearly adjusted by changing the gate voltage under dark and illumination conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malabar blood snapper Lutjanus malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) inhabits in coastal marine waters of Nghe An and Ha Tinh provinces, Vietnam. An investigation of the reproductive characteristics of Lutjanus malabaricus in the coastal marine waters of Nghe An and Ha Tinh provinces was undertaken between June 2020 and May 2021. The spawning season of L. malabaricus occurred throughout the year, fish were in the ripe or spawning condition in most months; but spawning peaks from late March/April and August. Females matured at a smaller size than males, with total length (TL) at first maturity being 280–330 mm for males and 230–280 mm for females. The sex ratios of 365 individuals were approximately 1/1, and the total ratio G/W was approximately 0.08−5.65% with a mean of 0.32%. The highest GSI mean value in males was 0.77 (stage IV in July) and the lowest mean value 0.03−0.11 was recorded during stages I and II in November and December. Females had the highest mean value of 1.22−1.41 (stage IV in May) and the lowest mean value of 0.07 during stages I and II in January, and 0.20 at stages I and II in October. These show that fish (L. malabaricus) were ripe or spawning from March and August in the studied waters. The first maturity size was 280−330 mm for males and 230–280 mm for females. Absolute fecundity (Fa) ranged from 24.000 to 769.000 (the mean value 112.000) ova per ovaries for L. malabaricus. In the main spawning period, high gonadal index values were found around the time of the last quarter to the first quarter moon for each month from late March or early April to August. It is suggested that L. malabaricus is a lunarsynchronized spanner in the studied waters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Prolonged storage of biodiesel leads to deterioration of fuel properties and its usage in engines results in drop‐in performance characteristics. The present study deals with the effect of natural antioxidants on the storage stability of binary biodiesel blend of Jatropha biodiesel and lemongrass oil, which are synthesized through transesterification and steam distillation process, respectively. Natural antioxidants such as sesame, horse gram, sweet basil, coffee, and peas were employed in the current study. Thermal analysis of the antioxidants was carried out utilizing differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis to study the effect of temperature on antioxidants. Ethanol extract of natural antioxidants was prepared at various concentrations such as 500, 1000, and 1500 ppm. Total phenol content in the antioxidant extracts was determined through the Folin‐Ciocalteu method in terms of gallic acid equivalent (GAE). The oxidation stability of fuel samples with the addition of antioxidant extracts was estimated by the Rancimat method in terms of the induction period (IP). As a result, the scavenging effect in percentage for sesame, horse gram, sweet basil, coffee, and peas were 88.76%, 86.51%, 75.28%, 74.15%, and 70.78% at 1500 ppm, respectively. Besides, the total phenol content (mg GAE/100 g) for sesame, horse gram, sweet basil, coffee, and peas observed are 97.37, 39.99, 35.07, 30.15, and 25.25, respectively. More interestingly, adding antioxidants extracted from sesame, horse gram, sweet basil, coffee, and peas could increase the IP of the Jatropha biodiesel‐lemongrass oil binary blend to 9.92, 8.10, 7.74, 7.10, and 4.10 hours, respectively compared to the case of binary blend without antioxidant (only 2.06 hours). In general, the inclusion of natural antioxidants additives increased the oxidation stability of biodiesel, promoting its prolonged storage, and the overall effectiveness of selected natural antioxidants was found to be in the order of sesame > horse gram > sweet basil > coffee > peas. Highlights: The incorporation of a binary biodiesel blend reduces the cost of biodiesel synthesis.Replacement of synthetic antioxidant additive with natural antioxidant additive.Natural antioxidant addition enhances the storage stability of binary biodiesel blend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Shipping is looking to progressively develop into a zero‐emissions industry, in agreement with pledges made under the Initial IMO Strategy on reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from ships, and its vision to phasing out greenhouse gas emissions as soon as possible during this century. International regulations currently focus on the design and operational phases of the industry, which carries the largest life‐cycle climate impact of a ship. As the level of emissions from the operational phase is reduced, the inclusion of emissions from shipyards during construction, maintenance, and disposal becomes increasingly important. The main objective of this study is to improve energy efficiency and reduce air emissions in the shipbuilding industry through the development of an energy‐management framework. A systematic literature review was used to define criteria for clean and green shipyards and to develop a novel, holistic, systematic, and transdisciplinary framework for energy management. The energy‐management framework is aimed at creating a decision‐support mechanism for complex situations, using a multiple criteria decision‐making approach. The energy‐management framework was applied to case studies of a Bangladeshi and an Italian shipyard. The potential implementation of the framework in yards of different sizes, types and geographical location demonstrates that it has the potential to improve energy management and thereby energy efficiency while increasing productivity and profitability in shipyards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Thermal energy storage (TES) plays a significant role in storing heat energy during the availability of a source. The phase change material (PCM) storage density is high, but its meager thermal conductivity leads to ineffective heat transfer. This mathematical modeling work simulates two different heat transfer tube (HTT) arrangements in a horizontal cylindrical container to melt the PCM using the enthalpy‐porosity method. Case‐1 with a single HTT at the centroidal axis and Case‐2 with multiple tubes spread radially. Cases‐1 and 2 are observed with melting and solidification duration of 39.8 and 184 minutes, and 69.83 and 292.5 minutes respectively. Case‐1 has a shorter melting and solidification time because of the optimal HTT location. Case‐2 is observed with a high heat storage density of 224.95 MJ/m3, compared to Case‐1 with 224.571 MJ/m3. Nusselt number is higher for Case‐2 (385.86) during charging and higher for Case‐1 (208) during discharging. Nusselt number initially varies for both cases due to effective heat convection at the start; however, Case‐1 has a shorter melting duration with its energy density lower than the Case‐2. Based on the obtained results, it could be suggested that Case‐1 could be applicable when simultaneous heat transfer requires less energy storage and a faster melting rate, while Case‐2 could be used in places that demand a higher storage density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Hybrid nanofluids are gaining popularity owing to the synergistic effects of nanoparticles, which provide them with better heat transfer capabilities than base fluids and normal nanofluids. The thermophysical characteristics of hybrid nanofluids are critical in shaping heat transmission properties. As a result, before using thermophysical qualities in industrial applications, an in‐depth investigation of thermophysical properties is required. In this paper, a metamodel framework is constructed to forecast the effect of nanofluid temperature and concentration on numerous thermophysical parameters of Fe3O4‐coated MWCNT hybrid nanofluids. Evolutionary gene expression programming (GEP) and an adaptive neural fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) were employed to develop the prediction models. The model was trained using 70% of the datasets, with the remaining 15% used for testing and validation. A variety of statistical measurements and Taylor's diagrams were used to assess the proposed models. The Pearson's correlation coefficient (R), coefficient of determination (R2) was used for the regression index, the error in the model was evaluated with root mean squared error (RMSE). The model's comprehensive assessment additionally includes modern model efficiency indices such as Kling‐Gupta efficiency (KGE) and Nash‐Sutcliffe efficiency (NSCE). The proposed models demonstrated impressive prediction capabilities. However, the GEP model (R > 0.9825, R2 > 0.9654, RMSE = 0.7929, KGE > 0.9188, and NSCE > 0.9566) outperformed the ANFIS model (R > 0.9601, R2 > 0.9218, RMSE = 1.495, KGE > 0.8015, and NSCE > 0.8745) for the majority of the findings. The generated metamodel was robust enough to replace the repetitive expensive lab procedures required to measure thermophysical properties. Highlights: Predictions of thermophysical properties of Fe3O4‐coated MWCNT hybrid nanofluidAI‐based ANFIS and GEP models performed well on statistical indicesANFIS and GEP‐based prognostic models validated and compared with Taylor diagrams [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalysis is a green chemical process that could partly solve energy and pollution issues. Catalysts such as cobalt titanate, CoTiO3, have intrigued scientists due to a visible light-responsive band gap of about 2.3 eV and a high valance band potential of about 2.35 eV that allow a remarkable oxidative activity. Nonetheless, CoTiO3 photocatalytic activity is limited by charge recombination, thus requiring modifications. For instance, the introduction of a second semiconductor allows improved charge separation and notable enhancement of the activity. Here we review interfacial engineering of CoTiO3 by introduction of a second semiconductor. We describe the synthesis and photocatalytic applications of bare and modified CoTiO3. Modified CoTiO3 composites are categorized into Type-I, Type-II, Z-scheme, and S-scheme heterojunctions, depending on the band structures of the composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owners of vessels are interested in the lowest possible operating costs. These costs are mainly related to fuel consumption during navigation. To manage it rationally, the main decision-making problem is selecting the proper parameters of the ship's propulsion system during navigation. In practice, operators of ships equipped with controllable pitch propellers controlled in manual mode make a selection of the commanded outputs based on their own knowledge, intuition, and all accessible information regarding sea conditions. In many cases, their decisions are unreasonable or incorrect. Therefore, it would be desirable to support their decision-making in selecting the commanded outputs. For this reason, we have decided to develop a decision support system in the form of an expert system. This computer-aided system supports the selection of the commanded outputs of the ship's propulsion system. The most important component of this system is the two-criteria optimization model, allowing the rational management of the ship fuel consumption and navigation time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the marketing data sources of enterprises are not sufficient, and the quality of data cannot be guaranteed. In addition, although the data has the characteristics of "large amount," there is a lot of data garbage in it, and the amount of valuable data is not large. Taking electric power enterprises as an example, electric power marketing is the key of power supply enterprises, and its development determines the survival and development of enterprises to some extent, which is of great significance to power supply enterprises. Big data (BD) not only brings many positive effects to the marketing of electric power enterprises but also brings some negative effects to electric power enterprises. Based on the background of BD, this paper studies the integration and innovation path of marketing data management in electric power enterprises. The research shows that the accuracy rate of this method is the highest, followed by machine learning, and finally AI. With the increase of the number of samples, the accuracy of this method becomes higher and higher. When the number of samples reaches 13, the accuracy of this method can reach 85%, that of machine learning is 56%, and that of AI is 43%. It can be seen that this method is more suitable for data management integration of electric power marketing. According to the characteristics of the era of BD, electric power enterprises should innovate marketing data management system, construct efficient and perfect data processing flow, fully tap the potential value of data, and make contributions to the development of electric power enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given a family of null hypotheses H 1 , ... , H s , we are interested in the hypothesis H s γ that at most γ − 1 of these null hypotheses are false. Assuming that the corresponding p-values are independent, we are investigating combined p-values that are valid for testing H s γ . In various settings in which H s γ is false, we determine which combined p-value works well in which setting. Via simulations, we find that the Stouffer method works well if the null p-values are uniformly distributed and the signal strength is low, and the Fisher method works better if the null p-values are conservative, i.e. stochastically larger than the uniform distribution. The minimum method works well if the evidence for the rejection of H s γ is focused on only a few non-null p-values, especially if the null p-values are conservative. Methods that incorporate the combination of e-values work well if the null hypotheses H 1 , ... , H s are simple. Finally, we also consider nonparametric permutation-based combination methods. They are useful for addressing the conservativity of parametric p-values which are computed under least favourable parameter configurations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the effective solutions for the reduction of environmental pollution, the use of fuels with limited-sulphur content or bio-based fuel has been paid much attention due to their advantages. In this experimental work, the ultra-low-sulphur fuel (ULSD) was mixed with biodiesel extracted from Jatropha oil (JOB) after being processed with ultrasonic assistance. There were eight samples used for mixture preparation of ULSD and JOB based on the correlation of viscosity aiming to find the optimal mixing rate for ULSD and JOB. As a result, the stability of the ULSD–JOB emulsion reached 98.5% after 17 min of the ultrasonic treatment with a mixing rate of 50%(ULSD): 50%(JOB) in the case of a distance of ultrasound horn tip to the bottom of vessel of 90 mm. In addition, the similarity of spray characteristics, being penetration length and cone angle, for the ULSD–JOB emulsion compared to a type of diesel oil was reported. The ULSD–JOB emulsion produced by ultrasound delivered a fuel with the ultra-low-sulphur content and increased oxygen content. The above-mentioned emulsion has well satisfied the increasingly stricter requirements of IMO regulations, as well as meeting the recommendations of engine manufactures regarding the fuels used in marine diesel engines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider multiple test problems with composite null hypotheses and the estimation of the proportion π 0 of true null hypotheses. The Schweder–Spjøtvoll estimator π ^ 0 utilizes marginal p-values and relies on the assumption that p-values corresponding to true nulls are uniformly distributed on [0, 1]. In the case of composite null hypotheses, marginal p-values are usually computed under least favorable parameter configurations (LFCs). Thus, they are stochastically larger than uniform under non-LFCs in the null hypotheses. When using these LFC-based p-values, π ^ 0 tends to overestimate π 0 . We introduce a new way of randomizing p-values that depends on a tuning parameter c ∈ [ 0 , 1 ] . For a certain value c = c ⋆ , the resulting bias of π ^ 0 is minimized. This often also entails a smaller mean squared error of the estimator as compared to the usage of LFC-based p-values. We analyze these points theoretically, and we demonstrate them numerically in simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) has been seen as a potential chemical substance in replacing the traditional petroleum because their physicochemical properties have many similarities with gasoline and diesel, and they have some outstanding advantages compare to other biofuels. Due to those properties, there have been many studies conducted on the combustion behavior and emission characteristics of engines fueled with DMF and its blends. However, DMF was found to have a great tendency to generate soot precursors from the combustion process due to its ring structure, showing that further investigations of the formation tendency for particulate matter (PM) and soot when using DMF as an alternative fuel on internal combustion engines are extremely necessary. Therefore, in the current work, the formation mechanism of PM and soot from the DMF-based fuel combustion was thoroughly analyzed. More importantly, the relationship between the oxidation/pyrolysis reactions and the routes of PM formation and soot tendency in spark and compression ignition engines were discussed in detail. Based on obtained results, DMF was concluded to be a promising alternative fuel after blending with gasoline or diesel fuel rather than using pure mode. However, the other comprehensive assessments on engine performance characteristics, the impacts of DMF on the engine and fuel system durability, and the economic and environmental criteria should be carried out in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We are concerned with testing replicability hypotheses for many endpoints simultaneously. This constitutes a multiple test problem with composite null hypotheses. Traditional p$p$‐values, which are computed under least favorable parameter configurations (LFCs), are over‐conservative in the case of composite null hypotheses. As demonstrated in prior work, this poses severe challenges in the multiple testing context, especially when one goal of the statistical analysis is to estimate the proportion π0$\pi _0$ of true null hypotheses. Randomized p$p$‐values have been proposed to remedy this issue. In the present work, we discuss the application of randomized p$p$‐values in replicability analysis. In particular, we introduce a general class of statistical models for which valid, randomized p$p$‐values can be calculated easily. By means of computer simulations, we demonstrate that their usage typically leads to a much more accurate estimation of π0$\pi _0$ than the LFC‐based approach. Finally, we apply our proposed methodology to a real data example from genomics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid depletion of fossil fuels and the strengthening of emission regulations have been considered as the primary issues in the global energy and environment field, suggesting that the increase in the percentage of alternative fuels in the transport sector is believed to be a prospective pathway. Among the renewable biofuels that have attracted great interest, 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) is found to offer several attractive combustion features, of which the ignition behavior is known as a global parameter. Therefore, several experimental studies and prediction models have been used to determine the ignition behavior of DMF. However, the ignition behavior of DMF in comparison with other fuels, which is important for further model development and engine applications, has not been completely understood as well as the relationship between the reaction mechanism of DMF and its ignition behavior. Moreover, the predictions of existing models of DMF still need improvement with respect to chemical kinetic modeling. In this review paper, ignition behavior for DMF was thoroughly analyzed in cases of changing the initial parameters. More importantly, ignition delay times of DMF were determined and compared with other promising fuels, suggesting that DMF could become potential fuel for spark-ignition engines. However, the studies on the use of DMF for the engine should be completely conducted and thoroughly detailed to have a comprehensive look into the applicability of DMF as a green and alternative fuel in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The novel potential of hybrid phase change materials (PCM) as a mix of animal fat, specifically pork fat (lard), with edible and waste oil from the food processing industry was investigated in this paper. Lard is a relatively accessible phase change material of organic origin, with a significantly lower unit price when compared to conventional PCM materials (wholesale price of lard can be less than 0.50 €/kg). On an annual basis, a large amount of lard is thrown away because it has become inedible from a nutritional point of view. Experimental results directed that the addition of oils can improve the thermal constants of lard such as thermal conductivity, volumetric heat capacity, with the thermal diffusivity being reduced. The best result was achieved for a hybrid PCM as a combination of pork fat and waste burnt oil as the thermal conductivity was improved by 1.4% and the volumetric heat capacity by 11% with respect to the base PCM, i.e., pork fat (lard). The novel proposed hybrid PCMs are more economically viable, enabling the utilization of waste resources, and securing less environmental impact when compared to conventional PCMs as organic materials. The possible application of lard should be further investigated for specific engineering applications, such as thermal energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biodiesel has been considering as promising fuel in the situation of ever-depleting fossil fuels and serious environment pollution. Beside clearly known advantages, high viscosity and density, and high surface tension are the acute disadvantages that need to be improved to use directly for an unmodified diesel engine. In this work, 24 samples of biodiesel–diesel fuel blends created by mixing respectively 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 75% and 100% of fractions of Coconut oil biodiesel (COB), Jatropha oil biodiesel (JOB), Waste oil biodiesel (WOB) in diesel fuel were used for experimental purposes. In the first stage, the effects of biodiesel fractions and temperature on kinematic viscosity and density were developed. In the second stage, the effects of kinematic viscosity and density on fuel supply system, fuel pump network, fuel filters, and spray characteristics (including penetration length (Lb) and Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD)) were investigated. Obtained results of this study based on experimental correlation and mathematical equation showed over 95% of the confident level from a regression correlation equation regarding kinematic viscosity and density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selecting and optimizing propulsion architecture is one of the most practical goals and the most difficult decisions in designing modern commercial ships. That process faces several challenges, namely greenhouse gas emissions from the consumption of fossil fuels, International Maritime Organization's (IMOs) strict international legal system on environmental pollution prevention, and new energy efficiency standards for design and management of commercial fleets. With the integration of electrical systems and power supply equipment in maritime transport in the past several decades, the availability of electric propulsion systems have brought several benefits to ship owners, including improved ability to comply with international laws, increased flexibility and reliability, reduced operating costs, and enhanced access to advanced automation capabilities. However, the introduced benefits of electrical and hybrid electric propulsion system architectures in recent years have put considerable pressure on ship owners and designers when optimizing the vessel's propulsion and power system and their control strategies. This paper presents a comprehensive review of conventional and advanced electrical propulsion systems on current commercial vessels and future smart ships. By highlighting the characteristics of the propulsion system configuration, electric power source, and propulsors, the authors present a detailed comparison and analysis in optimizing the choice of electric or hybrid powertrain systems for commercial fleets. Taking into account the increasingly stringent standards related to energy efficiency and emissions regulated by IMO, this paper also addresses strategies for the development of sustainable maritime transport by proposing the efficient use of renewable energy sources and electrical energy storage system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extremely serious effects of the marine environment pollution due to oil spill, oil slick and toxic heavy metals on the human, ecosystem, and society are clearly seen. Findings of absorbent materials with high absorption capacity and high usage efficiency are being much interested by several researchers. In this work, four samples of absorbent material fabricated after adding, respectively, 5%, 25% of rice straw mass percentage along with 0.5 and 3 mm of rice straw size, four oil types including crude oil, fuel oil (FO), diesel oil (DO), kerosene, and a solution containing toxic heavy metals such as Cd2+, Pb2+, Hg2+ are used for the experimental purposes related to the evaluation of the oil absorption capacity (OAC) and toxic heavy metal, and the oil removal efficiency (ORE) during 120–150 min. As a result, the as-used sample with 25% of rice straw mass and 0.5 mm of rice straw size shows the highest absorption capacity. In addition, the influence of capillary pressure on the OAC and ORE is analysed, the assistance of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) for observation of porous structure of rice straw, pristine PU, and the as-fabricated absorbent are also conducted and presented in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the metal–insulator transitions in the half-filled Anderson–Hubbard model with mass imbalance by the typical medium theory using the equation of motion method as an impurity solver. The nonmagnetic ground state phase diagram of the system with mass imbalance is constructed numerically. In addition to the three phases showed up in the balanced case, the phase diagram of the mass imbalanced case contains a spin-selective localized phase, where one spin component is metallic while the other spin component is insulating. We find that if one increases the mass imbalance the metal region in the phase diagram is reduced, while both Anderson and Mott insulator regions are enlarged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Always, oil spills do cause serious and dire consequences for the environment, nature, and society that it consumes much time and socio-economic resources to overcome such consequences. Oil spills, hence, posed a big challenge in searching the advanced technologies and devices to recover spilled oil rapidly and efficiently. Indeed, sorbents have been found to play an extremely critical role in the spilled-oil remediation processes. Recently, a large number of various advanced sorbents and sorbent-based oil-collecting devices/technologies have been developed to enhance the oil-recovery capacity. Therefore, it is necessary to have a comprehensive assessment of the application of sorbent-based oil-collecting devices/technologies in recovering spilled oil. Due to this reason, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the advanced technologies of the combination of sorbents and oil-collecting devices in the oil cleanup strategies. Two main oil-collecting devices such as booms and skimmers that could conjunct with sorbents were critically evaluated on the basis of the applicability and technological features, indicating that the capacity of oil spill recovery could achieve 90%. Moreover, oil-storage and oil-collecting devices were also completely mentioned. Last but not least, technical directions, concerns over the application of sorbents in oil recovery, and existing challenges relating to storage, transport, and disposal of used sorbents were discussed in detail. In the future, the automatic process of spilled oil recovery with the conjunction between advanced devices and environmentally friendly high-efficiency sorbents should be further investigated to minimize the environmental impacts, reduce the cost, as well as maximize the collected oil spill. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a correction notice for an article titled "Thermodynamic and exergoenvironmental assessments of solar-assisted combined power cycle using eco-friendly fluids" published in the Journal of Thermal Analysis & Calorimetry. The correction addresses an error in the affiliation details of the second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth authors. The corrected affiliation details are provided in the correction article. The publisher, Springer Nature, remains neutral regarding jurisdictional claims and institutional affiliations. The authors of the original article are Yunis Khan, Roshan Raman, Mohammad Mehdi Rashidi, Zafar Said, Hakan Caliskan, and Anh Tuan Hoang. [Extracted from the article]

The transfer of two-dimensional (2D) materials is crucial to the realization of 2D material-based devices for practical applications. The thinness of 2D materials renders them prone to mechanical damage during the transfer process and to degradation of their superior electrical and mechanical properties. Herein, the mechanisms involved in the damage of chemical vapor deposition-grown graphene (Gr) and MoS2 are investigated during a roll-based transfer process. We identify two different damage mechanisms, i.e., instability-induced damage and tensile strain-induced damage. The two mechanisms compete, depending on the thickness of the transfer medium, and induce dissimilar damage. By minimizing these two mechanisms, we realize and demonstrate the damage-free transfer of 2D materials. The sheet resistance and mobility of transferred Gr are 235 ± 29 Ω sq–1 and 2250 cm2 V–1 s–1, respectively, with no microscopic cracks or tear-out damage. We observe instability-induced damage to be ubiquitous in monolayer MoS2, thin metals, and thin oxide films. By understanding the instability-induced damage mechanism, a broad range of 2D materials and thin films can be transferred without mechanical damage. Damage-free transfer will contribute to the high-yield fabrication of 2D material-based electronic devices. The mechanisms involved in the damage of CVD-grown graphene (Gr) and MoS2 are investigated during a roll-based transfer process. We identify two different damage mechanisms, i.e., instability-induced damage and tensile strain-induced damage. The two mechanisms compete, depending on the thickness of the transfer medium, and induce dissimilar damage. By optimizing the thickness, we realize and demonstrate the damage-free transfer of 2D materials. The sheet resistance and mobility of transferred Gr are 235 ± 29 Ω sq–1 and 2250 cm2 V–1 s–1, respectively, with no microscopic cracks or tear-out damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several researchers and manufacturers are paying attention to technologies of waste heat recovery due to its effectiveness in the conversion of the energy from exhaust gas into electric power. Therefore, the analysis of the effects of thermoelectric generator (TEG) design on the power generation characteristics is an essential issue to develop its applications to waste heat recovery technologies aiming at pollution environment reduction and improvement of efficiency for energy use. In this study, a TEG based on the thermoelectric module (TEM) with fishbone-shaped fins was built for experimental purposes. The comparison of power generation characteristics including voltage and power output, conversion efficiency, and pressure drop for the fabricated TEM-based TEG with fishbone-shaped fins and TEM-based TEG without fins under conditions of the hot inlet gas temperatures from 200-500°C along with the changes in mass flow rate of hot inlet gas was conducted. The results indicated that TEM with fishbone-shaped fins had a maximum increase by 30.7 V of voltage output, 17.54 W of power output, 3.68% of conversion efficiency compared to the case of TEM without fishbone-shaped fins. However, the average pressure drop for TEM with fishbone-shaped fins was 3.65 Pa higher than that of TEM without fishbone-shaped fins. The experimental study showed that TEM-based TEG system had achieved high conversion efficiency by attaching the fishbone-shaped fins to the surface of the hot side in the TEG structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the considerable decline in fossil fuel resources and the high rise in vehicle emissions have prompted researchers and governments to formulate strategies for sustainable energy development. In addition to imposing strict laws, promoting sustainable energy sources such as the development of new types of non-fossil fuels has been considered a suitable direction for the roadmap to healing the Earth's environment. Biomass sources have affirmed huge potentials in the production of biofuels. In the pathway of searching renewable biofuels, it is found that that 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) can become a promising fuel because it is synthesized from lignocellulose biomass, which is an available feedstock for the production of prospective fuels. Indeed, recent review studies have focused in great detail on engine performance evaluation using DMF but seemed to have gaps in emission characteristics. In this work, the controversial issues of emissions from spark and compression ignition engines during the DMF combustion were completely assessed. Indeed, the mechanism of formation and oxidation of DMF compounds during combustion was clearly described to serve as the basis for analyzing and comparing the pollution emission behavior of different fuels. More importantly, gaseous emissions, PM characteristics, and soot tendency from spark and compression ignition engines were thoroughly evaluated on the basis of the experimental and numerical data. In general, DMF has shown outstanding advantages upon emissions compared to fossil fuels; however, the impacts of DMF on the engine durability and fuel system should be further investigated to have a comprehensive analysis of this biofuel class. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Operation control combined with the optimization of the structure for thermoelectric generators (TEGs) based on thermoelectric modules (TEMs) is an effective method to improve the power generation characteristics of TEGs. The present study is intended to experimentally investigate the power generation characteristics including voltage and power output, and conversion efficiency of a TEM-based TEG, which is added fishbone-fins aiming to enhance heat exchange of hot inlet air to the hot side of TEG. The effects of mass flow rate (MFR) of cooling water on the power generation characteristics of TEGs are analyzed in the case of the hot inlet air temperatures of 200–500°C and a constant MFR of hot inlet air. Compared to TEM-based TEG without fishbone-shaped fins, TEM-based TEG with fishbone-shaped fins has a maximum increase by 31.37 V of voltage output and 16.49 W of power output. Conversion efficiency of TEM-based TEG with fishbone-shaped fins is determined through the temperatures of hot side and cold side as well as figure-of-merit (ZT). As a result, an average increase of 2.93% of the conversion efficiency for TEM-based TEG with fishbone-shaped fins compared to the case of TEM without fishbone-shaped fins is found. In addition, the outlet temperature of cooling water is also practically measured to evaluate the influences of fishbone-shaped fins on the heat flux transferred from hot side to cold side of TEM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, lignocellulosic biomass is known as the largest renewable energy source and it is thus received much attention from the scientist community for the synthesis progress of bio-based fuels and chemicals. Among the biomass-originated bio-compounds, 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) was considered as the potential alternative fuel possessing similar physicochemical properties to fossil fuels and it could be produced under commercial scale through the high-efficiency catalyst reactions. Therefore, knowledge and understanding associated with the production pathway and the use of DMF for diesel engines should be completely provided to have a comprehensive sight into the developing progress of this green biofuel. This review paper aimed to bring a thorough analysis of the catalyst-based synthesis approach of DMF from lignocellulosic biomass. More importantly, the performance and emission characteristics diesel engine fueled with DMF was critically evaluated and completely compared to diesel fuel. In general, engine performance for the blend of 10 %v/v of DMF with diesel fuel was found to be similar to that of diesel fuel. Engine-out emissions of PM, NOx, CO, and HC were significantly improved although increased soot tendency due to containing aromatic ring content of DMF was also indicated. Achieved results showed that DMF could become a promising alternative fuel for diesel engines although further investigations into the economic aspects, the optimization of catalyst reactions and synthesis technologies, and the assessment of the impacts of the production process on the environment should be carried out. •Combustion mechanism and spray characteristics of DMF were thoroughly analyzed. •Engine performance and emission for DMF-based fuels was comprehensively evaluated. •Ignition delay and combustion duration of DMF-based fuels were presented in detail. •Engine noise for DMF-based fuels were completely compared to that of diesel fuel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transfer of two-dimensional (2D) materials is crucial to the realization of 2D material-based devices for practical applications. The thinness of 2D materials renders them prone to mechanical damage during the transfer process and to degradation of their superior electrical and mechanical properties. Herein, the mechanisms involved in the damage of chemical vapor deposition-grown graphene (Gr) and MoS2 are investigated during a roll-based transfer process. We identify two different damage mechanisms, i.e., instability-induced damage and tensile strain-induced damage. The two mechanisms compete, depending on the thickness of the transfer medium, and induce dissimilar damage. By minimizing these two mechanisms, we realize and demonstrate the damage-free transfer of 2D materials. The sheet resistance and mobility of transferred Gr are 235 ± 29 Ω sq–1 and 2250 cm2 V–1 s–1, respectively, with no microscopic cracks or tear-out damage. We observe instability-induced damage to be ubiquitous in monolayer MoS2, thin metals, and thin oxide films. By understanding the instability-induced damage mechanism, a broad range of 2D materials and thin films can be transferred without mechanical damage. Damage-free transfer will contribute to the high-yield fabrication of 2D material-based electronic devices.The mechanisms involved in the damage of CVD-grown graphene (Gr) and MoS2 are investigated during a roll-based transfer process. We identify two different damage mechanisms, i.e., instability-induced damage and tensile strain-induced damage. The two mechanisms compete, depending on the thickness of the transfer medium, and induce dissimilar damage. By optimizing the thickness, we realize and demonstrate the damage-free transfer of 2D materials. The sheet resistance and mobility of transferred Gr are 235 ± 29 Ω sq–1 and 2250 cm2 V–1 s–1, respectively, with no microscopic cracks or tear-out damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adenoviral conjunctivitis is a common epidemic worldwide. In Vietnam, up to 80,000 patients are infected with adenoviral conjunctivitis annually. However, there are few investigations on the pathogenic adenoviruses that cause conjunctivitis. In total, 120 eye‐swab samples were collected from patients with viral conjunctivitis symptoms in Hanoi, Vietnam from 2017 to 2019. Human adenoviruse (HAdV) was detected in 67 samples (55.83%) using polymerase chain reaction amplification of at least one of three HAdV‐specific marker genes (hexon, penton, and fiber). Of the 67 HAdV samples, 46 samples could be analyzed by all three marker genes. DNA sequence analysis and phylogenetic tree building based on the three marker genes from the 46 HAdV samples revealed five different HAdV types associated with conjunctivitis in Hanoi, including HAdV‐3 (4.3%), HAdV‐4 (2.2%), HAdV‐8 (89.1%), HAdV‐37 (2.2%), and a potential recombinant type between types HAdV‐8 and HAdV‐3 (2.2%). This showed that HAdV‐8 was the most common type identified in Hanoi. Complete genome analysis of HAdV‐8 isolated from a Vietnamese patient (VN2017) using Sanger sequencing revealed 34 unique nucleotide changes, indicating that the adenovirus continuously accumulates new mutations. Hence, continuous surveillance of HAdV‐8 changes in Vietnam is necessary in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biodiesel is the most promising bio-based alternative to the large quantity of fossil diesel fuel used in the transportation sectors. However, its corrosive behavior when in contact with the diesel engine and fuel system components is of serious concern. The present work comprehensively reviews the impacts of biodiesel on the corrosion behavior of metal-based parts in diesel engines such as copper and copper-based alloys, aluminum and aluminum-based alloys, cast iron, carbon steel, and stainless steel. The corrosion mechanisms of the mentioned metals in biodiesel are also presented and discussed in detail. Methods applied to study the corrosion phenomenon and its level are also presented. The reasons leading to the higher corrosiveness of biodiesel vs. diesel fuel, including its higher hygroscopicity, higher electrical conductivity, higher polarity, higher solvency, the presence of water and oxygen in biodiesel promoting microbial growth, and finally, its auto-oxidation resulting in the generation of corrosive agents, i.e., monocarboxylic acids, are also detailed. Finally, the use of corrosion inhibitors in biodiesel to enhance metals/alloys resistance to corrosion is reviewed. Future research needs to further expand biodiesel utilization worldwide are also envisioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]