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Copyright of Arthroskopie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: In tibial plateau fractures (TPF) the restoration of an anatomical joint surface as well as an exact subchondral screw position for postoperative stability is crucial for the outcome. The aim of this study was to determine whether the additional use of an intraoperative 3D imaging intensifier (3D) might help to improve the outcome of complex TPF. Methods: We performed a retrospective case-control study of a level 1 trauma center. Patients with AO/OTA 41 B3 and C-TPF operated on using a 3D imaging intensifier between November 2015 and December 2018 (3D group) were included. The outcomes of this patients were compared to patients operated without 3D imaging between January 2005 to December 2014 (2D group). The comparison of the groups was performed by matched pair analysis. The functional outcome of both groups was measured by KOOS and Lysholm Score after a follow-up period of at least 12 months. Operation time, infections and postoperative revisions were registered. Results: In total, 18 patients were included in the 3D group (mean age: 51.0± 16.4 years; 12 females) and an equal number of matching partners from the 2D group (mean age: 50.3± 15.2 years; 11 females) were found (p=0.82; p=0.79). We found 9x B3, 2x C1, 1x C2, 6x C3 fractures according to AO/OTA for each group (p=1.00) with comparable ASA score (p=0.27). The mean operation time was 127.9± 45.9 min and 116.1± 45.7 min for the 3D and 2D group (p=0.28). The mean follow-up time was 20.9± 10.7 months for the 3D and 55.5± 34.7 months for the 2D group (p< 0.001). For the 3D group a mean Lysholm overall score of 67.4± 26.8 and KOOS overall score of 72.6± 23.5 could be assessed. In contrast, a mean Lysholm overall score of 62.0± 21.4 and KOOS overall score of 65.8± 21.6 could be measured in the 2D group (p=0.39; p=0.31). Thereby, functional outcome of the 3D group showed a significant higher KOOS Sport/Rec sub score of 54.7± 35.0 in comparison to the 2D group with 26.7± 31.6 (p= 0.01). Postoperative revisions had to be performed in 27.8% of cases in both groups (p=1.00). Due to the 3D imaging an intraoperative revision was performed in 33.3% (6/18). Conclusion: In our study we could show that re-reduction of the fracture or implant re-positioning were performed in relevant numbers based on the 3D imaging. This was associated with a midterm clinical benefit in regard to better KOOS Sport/Rec scores. Trial registration: AZ 488 /20-ek [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There was a confusion around the Q 0- and k 0-values for the reaction 130Ba(n,γ)131Ba. The problem was clarified in this work by re-determination of the k 0-values and critical evaluation of the Q 0-values. The new 131Ba k 0-values were found to be about 16% lower than the recommended ones compiled in 1989 and about 10% lower than those recommended in 2003. The Q 0-value was verified to be 24.3. These new values were successfully applied in k 0-INAA of Ba in various references samples. Possible error sources in Ba determination were investigated which might compensate the negative bias in Ba results from using the inaccurate k 0-values, consequently masking the problem of these old k 0-factors so far. In this context, a few cases were studied and presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An internal comparator method is proposed which offers reliable instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) results for samples with an irregular geometry and/or measured at the closest position to the Ge detector. Because the selected internal comparator in the sample analyzed will receive exactly the same thermal neutron flux as the other components, this method can be applied to the INAA of materials suffering from thermal neutron self-shielding. To apply the internal comparator method, the k0-method must be installed and the analytes, including the internal comparator, should be homogeneously distributed in the test portion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two samples of Napoleon's hair were received for determination of arsenic, mercury and other trace elements by INAA. Before sample irradiation, the hairs were washed following the IAEA washing procedure. Two standard reference materials of GBW09101 (human hair) and NIST/SRM1572 (citrus leaves) were analyzed along with Napoleon's hair for quality control. Standardization was conducted by applying the k0-method implemented in the program MULTINAA. The contents of arsenic and mercury as well as three additional elements chromium, antimony and zinc in Napoleon's hair are reported. Compared to the present normal levels, all of the determined elements in Napoleon's hair, except the mercury, are found to be irregular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work is about k0-INAA using unstable neutron flux for sample irradiation. Due to slow transport, each irradiation in the channel DBVK consists of three phases: stable irradiation at the final position, and two additional irradiations during travelling by exposure to an increasing neutron flux in the delivery course and to a decreasing neutron flux in the fetch course. In this work, the neutron flux distribution along this channel was calibrated and the neutron flux variation with irradiation time was calculated, making it possible to evaluate activity growth during a complete irradiation period. The feasibility of the k0-method was checked by analyses of four SRM-materials and three multi-element standards at three DBVK-positions. An accuracy of better than ±10% was found for nearly all determined elements in each determination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A large sample INAA (LS-INAA) was conducted based on available experimental conditions. Four different materials, e.g., a quartz-sand and three wastes from an incineration plant were analyzed on sample size of 1 kg. The neutron flux spatial distribution was determined by irradiation of flux monitors in the sample. The gamma-ray apparent counting efficiency was evaluated based on the effective-solid angle concept, using linear attenuation coefficients calculated from an iteration process. The k0- and the modified monostandard methods were modified for the LS-INAA. To check the LS-INAA performance, a conventional small sample INAA was carried out for the quartz sand and a waste. All detected elements in the LS-INAA are presented and the discussion is conducted to explore the sources of errors in the LS-INAA. As a pilot experiment, the information from this work will be used in constructing irradiation and counting devices for the new FRM-II neutron source in Garching, Germany. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been demonstrated that the interferences on64Cu 511 keV line from nuclides having high energy γ-rays can be effectively reduced physically. An INAA procedure is proposed and used to determine trace amounts of Cu in biological and environmental samples, However, due to the fact that the interferences on64Cu 511 keV line are not completely eliminated, the question arises on what is the limit of the non-destructive method for Cu determination. An equation is derived to establish the relation between the minimum detectable Cu concentration and the INAA experimental conditions. Based on this equation, an optimised INAA procedure is worked out and applied to blood analysis. The results show that the optimised INAA procedure is able to determine Cu quantitatively for samples with Na-to-Cu content ratio less than 600–1000. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stent placement has become an effective treatment for abrupt or threatened vessel closure in recent years. As a preliminary investigation on the allergy problem towards to Ni and Cr metals from implanted stent, the release of the two elements from stents into isotonic NaCl solution was investigated. Trace amounts of Ni and Cr metals released from stents are successfully determined by neutron activation analysis (NAA). An extreme experimental condition is applied in the NAA procedure to reach a low detection limit of 1 ng Ni. A conclusion is given about the influence on the Ni and Cr release from gold coating, from the expansion, and from the different incubation periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The range parameters of boron in silicon have been measured using theB( n,α) Li-nuclear reaction. The results indicate that the distributions can be perfectly modeled using Pearson IV distributions with 4 moments. The range is very well described by theoretical calculations, whereas the higher moments show a strong deviation from theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diffusion behaviour of implanted boron in silicon was investigated using theB( n,α) Li nuclear reaction. An anomalous behavior with a strong reduction of the diffusivity above an effective solubility limit at 1.5×10, 6×10, and 1.1×10 cm was found for annealing temperatures of 800, 900, and 1,000°C, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A direct method for determining ultratrace inorganic impurities in high-purity water is presented, which consists in activation of a large volume of water (250 ml) by reactor neutron activation, subsequent gamma spectrometric assay and concentration evaluation by the monostandard procedure. The method requires neither preconcentration nor postconcentration and provides a sensitivity for a large number of elements in the concentration range of parts per trillion (ppt: 10 g/g) or even much less. Using the method, over twenty different ultratrace elements are quantitatively determined in two different high-purity waters, i.e., bidistilled water and water from a Super-Q system. Problems involved in analysing such highpurity waters are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work demonstrates that the64Cu 511 keV line can be used in INAA to determine trace amounts of Cu in biological and environmental materials. The method to reduce the serious interference in γ-ray spectroscopy from nuclides having high energy γ-rays is discussed. A simple INAA procedure is proposed and examined for 7 different SRM materials. An accuracy and precision better than 3% are achieved for tested samples with Na-to-Cu content ratio less than 1000. The minimum detectable Cu concentrations of less than several ppm are calculated for all the analysed samples. To retain the multi-element capability, the k0-and the modified monostandard methods are applied by using the64Cu 511 keV line as the comparator. With the aid of the program MULTINAA, maximum 32 elements are simultaneously determined with an accuracy better than 5% for most elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The beam tube P2 of the 4 MW FRM pool reactor was used as the neutron source for this nuclear spectroscopy study. An 8.5 and 13.5 cm lithium drifted germanium detector were used as gamma ray detector to measure the low energy prompt photon emissions from thermal neutron capture in 18 elements (12 rare earth elements) having a σ/A value greater than 0.1. The energy region was from 50-500 keV. Energy and intensity of the gamma ray lines are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Fresenius' Zeitschrift für Analytische Chemie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Fresenius' Zeitschrift für Analytische Chemie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Whether or not Napoleon died of arsenic poisoning is an open question on which debate has been active since 1960. This work examined several of his hairs, cut at different times and in different places: two pieces cut the day after his death on the island of St. Helena (1821) and two pieces cut seven years earlier (1814) during his first exile on the island of Elba. INAA results show that all of the samples of Napoleon’s hair have an elevated arsenic concentration. These results disfavor the arsenic poisoning theory. Aside from arsenic, 18 other elements are reported, providing additional information for examining the arsenic poisoning theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Fresenius' Zeitschrift für Analytische Chemie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)