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The development of efficient therapeutic agents with low side effects for inflammatory bowel disease management is a longstanding challenge. Recently, hydrogen molecule (H2) is identified as an emerging spectrum‐wide, effective, and biosafe anti‐inflammatory agent, but intestine‐targeted H2 delivery is still challenging. Here, an intestine‐targeted controlled hydrogen‐releasing microcapsule (MgH2@EC@ES) is developed by confining abundant MgH2 microparticles in the hydrophobic network of ethyl cellulose (EC) before being encapsulated with Eudragit S100 (ES) by a multistep microemulsion method. The pH‐responsive swelling feature of ES enables MgH2@EC@ES microcapsules to escape from the stomach after oral administration and to hydrolytically produce a high amount of H2 in the intestinal tract in a sustained way. High‐dose oral administration of MgH2@EC@ES microcapsules exhibits a high outcome of colitis prevention, which is comparable to the first‐line drug 5‐aminosalicylic acid (5‐ASA) in the changes of body/spleen weights and disease activity and even better in the recovery of colon length and the improvement of histopathological change in the colon than 5‐ASA in a colitis mouse model. Mechanically, it is innovatively revealed that H2 released from MgH2@EC@ES microcapsules protects the complexes in the mitochondrial electron transfer chain from oxidative damage to enhance the energy metabolism of intestinal cells in support of mucosal restoration in colitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tumor heterogeneity makes routine drugs difficult to penetrate solid tumors, limiting their therapy efficacies. Based on high tissue penetrability of hydrogen molecules (H2) and ultrasound (US) and the immunomodulation effects of H2 and lactic acid (LA), this work proposes a novel strategy of US‐driven piezoelectrocatalytic tumor immunoactivation for high‐efficacy therapy of deep tumors by piezoelectrocatalytic hydrogen generation and LA deprivation. A kind of US‐responsive piezoelectric SnS nanosheets (SSN) is developed to realize US‐triggered local hydrogen production and simultaneous LA deprivation in deep tumors. The proof‐of‐concept experiments which are executed on an orthotopic liver cancer model have verified that intratumoral SSN‐medicated piezoelectrocatalytically generated H2 liberates effector CD8+ T cells from the immunosuppression of tumor cells through down‐regulating PD‐L1 over‐expression, and simultaneous LA deprivation activates CD8+ T cells by inhibiting regulatory T cells, efficiently co‐activating tumor immunity and achieving a high outcome of liver tumor therapy with complete tumor eradication and 100% mice survival. The proposed strategy of US‐driven piezoelectrocatalytic tumor immunoactivation opens a safe and efficient pathway for deep tumor therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we first show that the -adic version of maximal function is equivalent to the maximal function and that the class of functions for which the maximal commutators and the commutator with the -adic version of maximal function or the maximal sharp function are bounded on the -adic vector spaces are characterized and proved to be the same. Moreover, new pointwise estimates for these operators are proved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is a great challenge to effectively eradicate biofilm and cure biofilm-infected diseases because dense extracellular polymeric substance matrix prevents routine antibacterial agents from penetrating into biofilm. H2 is an emerging energy-regulating molecule possessing both high biosafety and high tissue permeability. In this work, we propose a concept of sonocatalytic hydrogen/hole-combined 'inside/outside-cooperation' anti-biofilm for promoting bacteria-infected diabetic wound healing based on two-dimensional piezoelectric nanomaterials. Proof-of-concept experiments using C3N4 nanosheets as a representative piezoelectric catalyst with wide band gap and high biosafety have verified that sonocatalytically generated H2 and holes rapidly penetrate into biofilm to inhibit bacterial energy metabolism and oxidatively deprive polysaccharides/NADH in biofilm to destroy the bacterial membrane/electron transport chain, respectively, inside/outside-cooperatively eradicating biofilm. A bacteria-infected diabetic wound model is used to confirm the excellent in vivo antibacterial performance of sonocatalytic hydrogen/hole-combined therapy, remarkably improving bacteria-infected diabetic wound healing. The proposed strategy of sonocatalytic hole/hydrogen-combined 'inside/outside-cooperation' will make a highway for treatment of deep-seated biofilm infection. A concept of sonocatalytic hydrogen/hole-combined 'inside/outside-cooperation' anti-biofilm is proposed for efficient hydrogen generation and local polysaccharide/NADH oxidation, which inhibits bacterial aspiration inside biofilm and destroys the surface structure of biofilm, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen molecule (H2) exhibits broad-spectrum but microenvironment-dependent biomedical effects in varied oxidation stress-related diseases, but its molecular mechanism is unclear and its targeting molecule is unknown so far. Herein, we originally reveal that Fe-porphyrin is a H2-targeted molecule. We have demonstrated that the oxidized Fe-porphyrin in both free and protein-confining states can self-catalyze the hydrogenation/reduction by reacting with H2 to catalytically scavenge ·OH, and can also catalytically hydrogenate to reduce CO2 into CO in the hypoxic microenvironment of in vitro simulation and in vivo tumor, confirming that Fe-porphyrin is a redox-related biosensor of H2 and H2 is an upstream signaling molecule of CO. These discoveries are favorable for deep understanding and exploration of profound biomedical effects of H2, and helpful for development of innovative drugs and hydrogen energy/agricultural materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we introduce the parabolic off-diagonal Muckenhoupt Ap,q+ weights. We reveal the properties of these weights, and our main results characterize them through weak-type and strong-type weighted norm inequalities for the fractional forward-in-time maximal operator. Moreover, our results cover some well-known results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-glucose microenvironment in the diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) causes excessive glycation and induces chronic inflammation, leading to the difficulty of DFU healing. Hydrogen-rich water bath can promote the healing of DFU in clinic by virtue of the anti-inflammatory effect of hydrogen molecules, but the long-term daily soaking counts against the formation of a scab and cannot change the high-glucose microenvironment, limiting the outcome of DFU therapy. In this work, photocatalytic therapy of diabetic wound is proposed for sustainable hydrogen generation and local glucose depletion by utilizing glucose in the high-glucose microenvironment as a sacrificial agent. Hydrogen-incorporated titanium oxide nanorods are developed to realize efficient visible light (VIS)-responsive photocatalysis for glucose depletion and hydrogen generation, achieving a high efficacy of diabetic wound healing. Mechanistically, local glucose depletion and hydrogen generation jointly attenuate the apoptosis of skin cells and promote their proliferation and migration by inhibiting the synthesis of advanced glycation end products and the expression of their receptors, respectively. The proposed VIS-photocatalytic strategy provides a solution for facile, safe and efficient treatment of DFU. Hydrogenation is a treatment for chronic inflammation caused by high glucose levels in diabetic ulcers, However, current therapies have limitations. Here, the authors report on the creation of a visible light photocatalytic agent which depletes glucose in the wound and generates hydrogen to aid in diabetic wound healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Strongyloidiasis is mainly prevalent in developing countries with poor economic and sanitary conditions. The clinical manifestations of Strongyloides stercoralis infection are complex and diverse, lacking specificity, which can easily lead to misdiagnosis and delayed treatment. Methods: An elderly male patient, repeated cough and expectoration for 4 years, with exacerbation and dyspnea for 10 days, was admitted to hospital. Sputum culture and smear were taken for examination. Nematode larvae were found under the microscope. Nematodes were also found in feces. Results: Upon confirmation, the patient was diagnosed with a pulmonary infection caused by Strongyloides stercoralis. After treatment with albendazole, the symptoms improved, and the patient was discharged. Conclusion: In this case report, combination of microscopic examination of sputum and alveolar lavage fluid and CT scan were used to quickly identify the cause of the patient, it provides a diagnostic basis and method for clinical treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we establish the sharp constant for q -analogus of Hausdorff operators on central q -Morrey spaces. As applications, the sharp constants for the q -analogus of Hardy operator and its dual operator, the q -analogue of Hardy-Littlewood-Pólya operator, and the q -analogue of Hilbert operator on central q -Morrey spaces are deduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of stimuli‐responsively degradable porous carriers for both controlled drug release and high biosafety is vitally important to their clinical translation, but still challenging at present. A new type of porphyrin–iron metal organic framework (Fe‐MOF) nanocrystals is engineered here as acid‐degradable drug carrier and hydrogen donor by the coordination between porphyrin and zero‐valence Fe atom. Fe‐MOF nanocrystals exhibit excellent acid‐responsive degradation for H2 generation and simultaneous release of the loaded drug for combined hydrogen‐chemotherapy of cancer multidrug resistance (MDR) and metastasis and for local hydrogen eradication of the off‐target induced toxic side effects of the drug to normal cells/tissues. Mechanistically, released H2 assists chemotherapeutic drug to efficiently inhibit cancer metastasis by immunoactivating intratumoral M1‐phenotype macrophages and consequently downregulating the expression of metastasis‐related matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2) and can also downregulate the expressions of both P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) protein and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in MDR cancer cells to sensitize chemotherapeutic drug for enhanced damage to mitochondria and DNA. High anti‐MDR/antimetastasis efficacies and high biocompatibility endow Fe‐MOF nanocrystals and the Fe‐MOF‐based nanomedicine with high potential for clinical translation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let E ⊂ R be a closed set, which has nonzero Hausdorff dimension and some other properties. For some t > 0 , we proved the three- point patterns x , x + t , x + γ (t) belong to E, where γ (t) is a convex curve with some curvature constraints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To reveal the biomedical effects and mechanisms of hydrogen molecules urgently needs hydrogen molecular imaging probes as an imperative tool, but the development of these probes is extremely challenging. A catalytic hydrogenation strategy is proposed to design and synthesize a ratiometric fluorescent probe by encapsulating Pd nanoparticles and conjugating azido‐/coumarin‐modified fluorophore into mesoporous silica nanoparticles, realizing in vitro and in vivo fluorescence imaging of hydrogen molecules. The developed hydrogen probe exhibits high sensitivity, rapid responsivity, high selectivity and low detection limit, enabling rapid and real‐time detection of hydrogen molecules both in cells and in the body of animal and plant. By application of the developed fluorescent probe, we have directly observed the super‐high transmembrane and ultrafast transport abilities of hydrogen molecules in cells, animals and plants, and discovered in vivo high diffusion of hydrogen molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To reveal the biomedical effects and mechanisms of hydrogen molecules urgently needs hydrogen molecular imaging probes as an imperative tool, but the development of these probes is extremely challenging. A catalytic hydrogenation strategy is proposed to design and synthesize a ratiometric fluorescent probe by encapsulating Pd nanoparticles and conjugating azido‐/coumarin‐modified fluorophore into mesoporous silica nanoparticles, realizing in vitro and in vivo fluorescence imaging of hydrogen molecules. The developed hydrogen probe exhibits high sensitivity, rapid responsivity, high selectivity and low detection limit, enabling rapid and real‐time detection of hydrogen molecules both in cells and in the body of animal and plant. By application of the developed fluorescent probe, we have directly observed the super‐high transmembrane and ultrafast transport abilities of hydrogen molecules in cells, animals and plants, and discovered in vivo high diffusion of hydrogen molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gas molecules with pharmaceutical effects offer emerging solutions to diseases. In addition to traditional medical gases including O2 and NO, more gases such as H2, H2S, SO2, and CO have recently been discovered to play important roles in various diseases. Though some issues need to be addressed before clinical application, the increasing attention to gas therapy clearly indicates the potentials of these gases for disease treatment. The most important and difficult part of developing gas therapy systems is to transport gas molecules of high diffusibility and penetrability to interesting targets. Given the particular importance of gas molecule delivery for gas therapy, distinguished strategies have been explored to improve gas delivery efficiency and controllable gas release. Here, we summarize the strategies of therapeutic gas delivery for gas therapy, including direct gas molecule delivery by chemical and physical absorption, inorganic/organic/hybrid gas prodrugs, and natural/artificial/hybrid catalyst delivery for gas generation. The advantages and shortcomings of these gas delivery strategies are analyzed. On this basis, intelligent gas delivery strategies and catalysts use in future gas therapy are discussed. This article is categorized under:Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging TechnologiesTherapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of biomaterials with cells for high overall performances is vitally important in tissue engineering, as scaffold‐free cell sheet lacks enough mechanical performance and cell viability while cell‐free scaffold possesses limited biological functions. In this study, we propose a new strategy to strengthen cell sheets and enhance cell activity for accelerating wound healing based on a novel sandwich structure of cell sheet‐plasmid@membrane‐cell sheet (CpMC). Specifically, the CpMC contains two adipose‐derived stem cell (ADSC) sheets on outer surfaces and an electrospun gelatin/chitosan nanofibrous membrane (NFM) encapsulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plasmids in between. The physicochemical properties of NFM including swelling, stiffness, strength, elasticity, and biodegradation can be tailored by simply adjusting the ratio between gelatin and chitosan to be 7:3 which is optimal for most effectively supporting ADSCs adhesion and proliferation. The swelling/biodegradation of NFM mediates the sustained release of encapsulated VEGF plasmids into adjacent ADSCs, and NFM assists VEGF plasmids to promote the differentiation of ADSCs into endothelial, epidermal, and fibroblast cells, in support of the neoangiogenesis and regeneration of cutaneous tissues within 2 weeks. The proposed membrane‐supporting cell sheet strategy provides a new route to tissue engineering, and the developed CpMC demonstrates a high potential for clinical translation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gas therapy, an emerging cancer treatment method of inflammation‐related diseases, has recently received substantial attention. The rapid advances in nanomedicine and nanotechnology have made gas precision treatment possible through tumor targeted delivery and controlled release of therapeutic agents. Single therapeutic is often inevitably accompanied with limited therapy efficacy. Gas therapy combined with other treatment methods can sensitize different therapy modes to augment cancer therapy. Understanding the mechanism through which gas enhances other therapeutic modalities will enable the design of reasonable strategies for clinical cancer therapy. In this review, we summarize novel gas‐based nanomedicines, focusing on gas‐based nanomedicine carriers, along with the release of gas molecules and the mechanisms of gas enhanced therapy. We describe the design of novel gas‐releasing nanoplatforms and the underlying synergistic mechanisms against cancer. Moreover, we describe the current challenges and outlook for future prospects in novel gas‐based nanomedicines for gas therapy in cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we obtain the weighted boundedness for the local multi(sub)linear Hardy–Littlewood maximal operators and local multilinear fractional integral operators associated with the local Muckenhoupt weights on Gaussian measure spaces. We deal with these problems by introducing a new pointwise equivalent "radial" definitions of these local operators. Moreover, using a similar approach, we also get the weighted boundedness for the local fractional maximal operators with rough kernel and local fractional integral operators with rough kernel on Gaussian measure spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Photothermal therapy (PTT) frequently cause thermal resistance in tumor cells by inducing the heat shock response, limiting its therapeutic effect. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) with appropriate concentration can reverse the Warburg effect in cancer cells. The combination of PTT with H2S gas therapy is expected to achieve synergistic tumor treatment. Methods: Here, sulourea (Su) is developed as a thermosensitive/hydrolysable H2S donor to be loaded into Pd nanocubes through in-depth coordination for construction of the Pd-Su nanomedicine for the first time to achieve photo-controlled H2S release, realizing the effective combination of photothermal therapy and H2S gas therapy. Results: The Pd-Su nanomedicine shows a high Su loading capacity (85 mg g−1), a high near-infrared (NIR) photothermal conversion efficiency (69.4%), and NIR-controlled H2S release by the photothermal-triggered hydrolysis of Su. The combination of photothermal heating and H2S produces a strong synergetic effect by H2S-induced inhibition of heat shock response, thereby effectively inhibiting tumor growth. Moreover, high intratumoral accumulation of the Pd-Su nanomedicine after intravenous injection also enables photothermal/photoacoustic dual-mode imaging-guided tumor treatment. Conclusions: The proposed NIR-responsive heat/H2S release strategy provides a new approach for effective cancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the sharp bounds for the generalized m -linear n -dimensional p -adic Hardy-Littlewood-Pólya operator on central and noncentral p -adic Morrey spaces with power weight. As an application, the sharp bounds for the p -adic Hardy-Littlewood-Pólya operator on corresponding Morrey spaces are obtained. These results generalize substantially some well-known results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photothermal nanotheranostics, especially in the near infrared II (NIR-II) region, exhibits a great potential in precision and personalized medicine, owing to high tissue penetration of NIR-II light. NIR-II-photothermal nanoplatforms with high biocompatibility as well as high photothermal effect are urgently needed but rarely reported so far. Te nanomaterials possess high absorbance to NIR-II light but also exhibit high cytotoxicity, impeding their biomedical applications. In this work, the controllable incorporation of biocompatible Se into the lattice of Te nanostructures is proposed to intrinsically tune their inherent cytotoxicity and enhance their biocompatibility, developing TeSex nano-alloys as a new kind of theranostic nanoplatform. We have uncovered that the cytotoxicity of Te nanomaterials primarily derives from irreversible oxidation stress and intracellular imbalance of organization and energy, and can be eliminated by incorporating a moderate proportion of Se (x = 0.43). We have also discovered that the as-prepared TeSex nano-alloys have extraordinarily high NIR-II-photothermal conversion efficiency (77.2%), 64Cu coordination and computed tomography contrast capabilities, enabling high-efficacy multimodal photothermal/photoacoustic/positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging-guided NIR-II-photothermal therapy of cancer. The proposed nano-alloying strategy provides a new route to improve the biocompatibility of biomedical nanoplatforms and endow them with versatile theranostic functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We prove a plethora of the boundedness property of Adams type for bilinear fractional integral operators of the form B α (f , g) (x) = ∫ R n f (x - y) g (x + y) | y | n - α d y , 0 < α < n. For 1 < t ≤ s < ∞ , we prove the non-weighted case through the known Adams type result. And we show that these results of Adams type is optimal. For 0 < t ≤ s < ∞ and 0 < t ≤ 1 , we obtain new result of a weighted theory describing Morrey boundedness of above form operators if two weights (v , w →) satisfy [ v , w → ] t , q → / a r , a s = sup Q , Q ′ ∈ D Q ⊂ Q ′ | Q | | Q ′ | 1 - s as | Q ′ | 1 r ⨍ Q v t 1 - t 1 - t t ∏ i = 1 2 ⨍ Q ′ w i - (q i / a) ′ 1 (q i / a) ′ < ∞ , 0 < t < s < 1 and [ v , w → ] t , q → / a r , a s : = sup Q , Q ′ ∈ D Q ⊂ Q ′ | Q | | Q ′ | 1 - a s as | Q ′ | 1 r ⨍ Q v t 1 - t 1 - t t ∏ i = 1 2 ⨍ Q ′ w i - (q i / a) ′ 1 (q i / a) ′ < ∞ , s ≥ 1 where ‖ v ‖ L ∞ (Q) = sup Q v when t = 1 , a, r, s, t and q → satisfy proper conditions. As some applications we formulate a bilinear version of the Olsen inequality, the Fefferman–Stein type dual inequality and the Stein–Weiss inequality on Morrey spaces for fractional integrals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we derive an incompressible Oldroyd-B model with hybrid dissipation and partial damping on stress tensor τ via the velocity equations and the generalized constitutive law so that global well-posedness of the model is established in the Sobolev space framework. Precisely speaking, the proof is based on the curl-div free property of τ - ∇ 1 Δ P div τ - (∇ 1 Δ P div τ) T , the low frequency dissipation and high frequency damping of τ and the dissipation of u. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drug therapy unavoidably brings toxic side effects and drug content-limited therapeutic efficacy although many nanocarriers have been developed to improve them to a certain extent. In this work, a concept of drug-free therapeutics is proposed and defined as a therapeutic methodology without the use of traditional toxic drugs, without the consumption of therapeutic agents during treatment but with the inexhaustible therapeutic capability to maximize the benefit of treatment, and a Z-scheme SnS1.68-WO2.41 nanocatalyst is developed to achieve near infrared (NIR)-photocatalytic generation of oxidative holes and hydrogen molecules for realizing combined hole/hydrogen therapy by the drug-free therapeutic strategy. Without the need of any drug and other therapeutic agent assistance, the nanocatalyst oxidizes/consumes intratumoral over-expressed glutathione (GSH) by holes and simultaneously generates hydrogen molecules in a lasting and controllable way under NIR irradiation. Mechanistically, generated hydrogen molecules and GSH consumption inhibit cancer cell energy and destroy intratumoral redox balance, respectively, to synergistically damage DNA and induce tumor cell apoptosis. High efficacy and biosafety of combined hole/hydrogen therapy of tumors are achieved by the nanocatalyst. The proposed catalysis-based drug-free therapeutic strategy breaks a pathway to realize high efficacy and low toxicity of cancer treatment. Nanoparticles have been used to reduce the toxicity associated with chemotherapeutic agents. Here, the authors report a Z-scheme SnS1.68-WO2.41 nanocatalyst for photocatalytic generation of oxidative holes and hydrogen molecules for drug-free therapeutic strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) obtained by polymerizing an ionic liquid (IL) monomer exhibits the characteristics of low cost and good biocompatibility, and it retains the excellent properties of the monomer. However, there is still a need to develop PILs for biomedical applications, which has been paid little attention. Herein, an amphiphilic block polymer containing a PIL block is synthesized, which simultaneously includes a targeted ligand, a photo-responsive block, and a pH-responsive block. The resultant amphiphilic block polymer can self-assemble into drug-loaded nanoparticles with a size of ∼80 nm in aqueous solution, and its drug loading capacity is as high as 70%. Moreover, the drug releasing mechanism of these drug-loaded nanoparticles can be triggered by light and pH stimuli. These novel amphiphilic PIL-based drug-loaded nanoparticles show highly effective antitumor effects, providing a promising approach for the delivery and controlled release of chemotherapy drugs in cancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an emerging and promising treatment method, gas therapy has attracted more and more attention for treatment of inflammation-related diseases, especially cancer. However, therapeutic/therapy-assisted gases (NO, CO, H2S, H2, O2, SO2 and CO2) and most of their prodrugs lack the abilities of active intratumoral accumulation and controlled gas release, resulting in limited cancer therapy efficacy and potential side effects. Therefore, development of nanomedicines to realize tumor-targeted and controlled release of therapeutic/therapy-assisted gases is greatly desired, and also the combination of other therapeutic modes with gas therapy by multifunctional nanocarrier platforms can augment cancer therapy efficacy and also reduce their side effects. The design of nanomedicines with these functions is vitally important, but challenging. In this review, we summarize a series of engineering strategies for construction of advanced gas-releasing nanomedicines from four aspects: (1) stimuli-responsive strategies for controlled gas release; (2) catalytic strategies for controlled gas release; (3) tumor-targeted gas delivery strategies; (4) multi-model combination strategies based on gas therapy. Moreover, we highlight current issues and gaps in knowledge, and envisage current trends and future prospects of advanced nanomedicines for gas therapy of cancer. This review aims to inspire and guide the engineering of advanced gas-releasing nanomedicines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we obtain the sharp bound for fractional conjugate Hardy operator on higher-dimensional product spaces from L 1 ℝ n 1 × ⋯ × ℝ n m to the space w L Q ℝ n 1 × ⋯ × ℝ n m and L p ℝ n 1 × ⋯ × ℝ n m to the space L q ℝ n 1 × ⋯ × ℝ n m . More generally, the operator norm of the fractional Hardy operator on higher-dimensional product spaces from L P ℝ n 1 × ⋯ × ℝ n m to L Q I ℝ n 1 × ⋯ × ℝ n m is obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanocarriers are employed to deliver photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT) through the enhanced penetration and retention effect, but disadvantages including the premature leakage and non‐selective release of photosensitizers still exist. Herein, we report a 1O2‐responsive block copolymer (POEGMA‐b‐P(MAA‐co‐VSPpaMA) to enhance PDT via the controllable release of photosensitizers. Once nanoparticles formed by the block copolymer have accumulated in a tumor and have been taken up by cancer cells, pyropheophorbide a (Ppa) could be controllably released by singlet oxygen (1O2) generated by light irradiation, enhancing the photosensitization. This was demonstrated by confocal laser scanning microscopy and in vivo fluorescence imaging. The 1O2‐responsiveness of POEGMA‐b‐P(MAA‐co‐VSPpaMA) block copolymer enabled the realization of self‐amplified photodynamic therapy by the regulation of Ppa release using NIR illumination. This may provide a new insight into the design of precise PDT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanocarriers are employed to deliver photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT) through the enhanced penetration and retention effect, but disadvantages including the premature leakage and non‐selective release of photosensitizers still exist. Herein, we report a 1O2‐responsive block copolymer (POEGMA‐b‐P(MAA‐co‐VSPpaMA) to enhance PDT via the controllable release of photosensitizers. Once nanoparticles formed by the block copolymer have accumulated in a tumor and have been taken up by cancer cells, pyropheophorbide a (Ppa) could be controllably released by singlet oxygen (1O2) generated by light irradiation, enhancing the photosensitization. This was demonstrated by confocal laser scanning microscopy and in vivo fluorescence imaging. The 1O2‐responsiveness of POEGMA‐b‐P(MAA‐co‐VSPpaMA) block copolymer enabled the realization of self‐amplified photodynamic therapy by the regulation of Ppa release using NIR illumination. This may provide a new insight into the design of precise PDT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We will prove that for 1 < p < ∞ and 0 < λ < n, the central Morrey norm of the truncated centered Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator Mγc equals that of the centered Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator for all 0 < γ < +∞. When p = 1 and 0 < λ < n, it turns out that the weak central Morrey norm of the truncated centered Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator Mγc equals that of the centered Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator for all 0 < γ < +∞. Moreover, the same results are true for the truncated uncentered Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator. Our work extends the previous results of Lebesgue spaces to Morrey spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Initially being considered as an environmental pollutant, nitric oxide has gained the momentum of research since its discovery as endothelial derived growth factor in 1987. Extensive researches have revealed the various pathological and physiological roles of nitric oxide such as inflammation, vascular and neurological regulation functions. Hence, the development of methods for quantifying nitric oxide concentration and its metabolites will be beneficial to well know about its biological functions and effects. This review summaries various methods for in vitro and in vivo nitric oxide detection, and introduces their merits and demerits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen therapy is an emerging and promising strategy for treatment of inflammation-related diseases owing to the excellent bio-safety of hydrogen molecules (H2), but is facing a challenge that the H2 concentration at the local disease site is hardly accumulated because of its high diffusibility and low solubility, limiting the efficacy of hydrogen therapy. Herein, we propose a nanomedicine strategy of imaging-guided tumour-targeted delivery and tumour microenvironment-triggered release of H2 to address this issue, and develop a kind of biocompatible carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-coated/stabilized Fe (Fe@CMC) nanoparticle with photoacoustic imaging (PAI), tumour targeting and acid responsive hydrogen release properties for cancer therapy. The Fe@CMC nanoparticles have demonstrated high intratumoural accumulation capability, high acid responsiveness, excellent PAI performance, selective cancer-killing effect and high bio-safety in vitro and in vivo. Effective inhibition of tumour growth is achieved by intravenous injection of the Fe@CMC nanoparticles, and the selective anti-cancer mechanism of Fe@CMC is discovered to be originated from the energy metabolism homeostasis regulatory function of the released H2. The proposed nanomedicine-mediated hydrogen therapy strategy will open a new window for precise, high-efficacy and safe cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate a class of fractional Hardy type operators Hβ1,β2,...,βm defined on higher-dimensional product spaces ℝn1×ℝn2×⋯×ℝnm and use novel methods to obtain their sharp bounds. In particular, we optimize the result due to S. M. Wang, S. Z. Lu, and D. Y. Yan [Sci. China Math., 2012, 55(12): 2469-2480]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The recognized therapeutic benefits from carbon monoxide (CO) have caused booming attention to develop a CO therapy for various major diseases, such as cancer. However, the controlled release of CO gas and the monitoring of the CO release are vitally important to the on‐demand CO administration for a safe and efficient therapy, but greatly challenging. In this work, a new CO‐releasing nanocomplex was constructed by the adsorption and coordination of manganese carbonyl ([MnBr(CO)5], abbreviated as MnCO) with a Ti‐based metal–organic framework (Ti‐MOF) to realize an intratumoral H2O2‐triggered CO release and real‐time CO release monitoring by fluorescence imaging. A high CO prodrug loading capacity (0.532 g MnCO per gram Ti‐MOF) is achieved due to the high surface area of Ti‐MOF, and the intracellular H2O2‐triggered CO release from the MnCO@Ti‐MOF is realized to enable the nanocomplex selectively release CO in tumor cells and kill tumor cells rather than normal cells. Particularly significant is that the real‐time fluorescence imaging monitoring of the CO release is realized based on an annihilation effect of the fluorescence after MnCO loading into Ti‐MOF and an activation effect of the fluorescence after CO release from Ti‐MOF. The quantitative relationship between the fluorescence intensity and the released CO amount is established in great favor of guiding on‐demand CO administration. The results demonstrate the advantage of versatile MOFs for high efficient CO delivery and monitoring, which is critical for the improvement of the effectiveness of future therapeutic application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The benefits to intracellular drug delivery from nanomedicine have been limited by biological barriers and to some extent by targeting capability. We investigated a size-controlled, dual tumor-mitochondria-targeted theranostic nanoplatform (Porphyrin-PEG Nanocomplexes, PPNs). The maximum tumor accumulation (15.6 %ID g−1, 72 h p.i.) and ideal tumor-to-muscle ratio (16.6, 72 h p.i.) was achieved using an optimized PPN particle size of approximately 10 nm, as measured by using PET imaging tracing. The stable coordination of PPNs with 177Lu enables the integration of fluorescence imaging (FL) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) with positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and internal radiotherapy (RT). Furthermore, the efficient tumor and mitochondrial uptake of 177Lu-PPNs greatly enhanced the efficacies of RT and/or PDT. This work developed a facile approach for the fabrication of tumor-targeted multi-modal nanotheranostic agents, which enables precision and radionuclide-based combination tumor therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The benefits to intracellular drug delivery from nanomedicine have been limited by biological barriers and to some extent by targeting capability. We investigated a size-controlled, dual tumor-mitochondria-targeted theranostic nanoplatform (Porphyrin-PEG Nanocomplexes, PPNs). The maximum tumor accumulation (15.6 %ID g−1, 72 h p.i.) and ideal tumor-to-muscle ratio (16.6, 72 h p.i.) was achieved using an optimized PPN particle size of approximately 10 nm, as measured by using PET imaging tracing. The stable coordination of PPNs with 177Lu enables the integration of fluorescence imaging (FL) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) with positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and internal radiotherapy (RT). Furthermore, the efficient tumor and mitochondrial uptake of 177Lu-PPNs greatly enhanced the efficacies of RT and/or PDT. This work developed a facile approach for the fabrication of tumor-targeted multi-modal nanotheranostic agents, which enables precision and radionuclide-based combination tumor therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new H2O2-responsive nanomedicine for CO therapy is constructed by effectively encapsulating the hydrophobic manganese carbonyl prodrug into an advanced hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticle carrier to realize the intratumoral H2O2-triggered release of CO and selective killing of tumour cells rather than normal cells, exhibiting high in vitro and in vivo efficacies of CO therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glucose is a key energy supplier and nutrient for tumor growth. Herein, inspired by the glucose oxidase (GOx)-assisted conversion of glucose into gluconic acid and toxic H2O2, a novel treatment paradigm of starving-like therapy is developed for significant tumor-killing effects, more effective than conventional starving therapy by only cutting off the energy supply. Furthermore, the generated acidic H2O2 can oxidize l-Arginine ( l-Arg) into NO for enhanced gas therapy. By using hollow mesoporous organosilica nanoparticle (HMON) as a biocompatible/biodegradable nanocarrier for the co-delivery of GOx and l-Arg, a novel glucose-responsive nanomedicine ( l-Arg-HMON-GOx) has been for the first time constructed for synergistic cancer starving-like/gas therapy without the need of external excitation, which yields a remarkable H2O2-NO cooperative anticancer effect with minimal adverse effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]