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The organic coating on the surface is common and the most effective method to prevent metal materials from corrosion. However, the corrosive medium can penetrate the metal surface via micropores, and electrons cannot transfer in the pure resin coatings. In this paper, a new type of anticorrosive and electrically conductive composite coating filled with graphene oxide/carbon nanotube/polyaniline (GO/CNT/PANI) nanocomposites was successfully prepared by in situ polymerization of aniline (AN) on the surface of GO and CNT and using waterborne epoxy resin (WEP) as film-forming material. The structure and morphology of the composite were characterized using a series of characterization methods. The composite coatings were comparatively examined through resistivity, potentiodynamic polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and salt spray tests. The results show that the GO/CNT/PANI/WEP composite coating exhibits excellent corrosion resistance for metal substrates and good conductivity when the mass fraction of GO/CNT/PANI is 3.5%. It exhibits a lower corrosion current density of 4.53 × 10−8 A·cm−2 and a higher electrochemical impedance of 3.84 × 106 Ω·cm2, while only slight corrosion occurred after 480 h in the salt spray test. The resistivity of composite coating is as low as 2.3 × 104 Ω·cm. The composite coating possesses anticorrosive and electrically conductive properties based on the synergistic effect of nanofillers and expands the application scope in grounding grids and oil storage tank protection fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) is a rare type of myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). Due to its nonspecific clinical symptoms and lack of specific molecular markers, it was previously difficult to distinguish it from other diseases with increased neutrophils. However, the discovery of the CSF3R mutation in CNL 10 years ago and the update of the diagnostic criteria by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2016 brought CNL into a new era of molecular diagnosis. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology has led to the identification of numerous mutant genes in CNL. While CSF3R is commonly recognized as the driver mutation of CNL, other mutations have also been detected in CNL using NGS, including mutations in other signaling pathway genes (CBL, JAK2, NARS, PTPN11) and chromatin modification genes (ASXL1, SETBP1, EZH2), DNA methylation genes (DNMT3A, TET2), myeloid-related transcription factor genes (RUNX1, GATA2), and splicing and RNA metabolism genes (SRSF2, U2AF1). The coexistence of these mutated genes and CSF3R mutations, as well as the different evolutionary sequences of clones, deepens the complexity of CNL molecular biology. The purpose of this review is to summarize the genetic research findings of CNL in the last decade, focusing on the common mutated genes in CNL and their clinical significance, as well as the clonal evolution pattern and sequence of mutation acquisition in CNL, to provide a basis for the appropriate management of CNL patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the implications of recovering real-world conditional expectation of return functions using options on the S&P 500 index and Treasury bond futures. First, we construct estimates of the probability of disasters, defined as higher than 6%, 5%, or 4% equity market declines over option expiration cycles. This measure of disaster probability forecasts realized disasters. Second, we employ options on the futures of the 10- and 30-year Treasury bonds to construct estimates for the expected return of bond futures. These measures display forecasting ability for subsequent futures returns beyond the level, slope, and curvature variables extracted from the yield curve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) are an important component of the tumour microenvironment (TME). However, the crosstalk between oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells and TAMs remains largely unexplored. Methods: Clinical samples and the TCGA database were used to evaluate the relevance of SPP1 and TAM infiltration in ESCC. Mouse models were constructed to investigate the roles of macrophages educated by SPP1 in ESCC. Macrophage phenotypes were determined using qRT‒PCR and immunohistochemical staining. RNA sequencing was performed to elucidate the mechanism. Results: Increasing expression of SPP1 correlated with M2-like TAM accumulation in ESCC, and they both predicted poor prognosis in the ESCC cohort. Knockdown of SPP1 significantly inhibited the infiltration of M2 TAMs in xenograft tumours. In vivo mouse model experiments showed that SPP1-mediated education of macrophages plays an essential role in the progression of ESCC. Mechanistically, SPP1 recruited macrophages and promoted M2 polarisation via CD44/PI3K/AKT signalling activation and then induced VEGFA and IL6 secretion to sustain ESCC progression. Finally, blockade of SPP1 with RNA aptamer significantly inhibited tumour growth and M2 TAM infiltration in xenograft mouse models. Conclusions: This study highlights SPP1-mediated crosstalk between ESCC cells and TAMs in ESCC. SPP1 could serve as a potential target in ESCC therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Employing super-hydrophilic substrates is a feasible approach to suppress pinholes and buried voids in perovskite films statistically over large areas. However, substrates terminating with organic functional groups are usually not super-hydrophilic. Herein, constructing surface nanostructures with NiOx nanoparticles is proposed as a universal strategy to transform ordinary hydrophilic organic hole transport layers (HTLs) into super-hydrophilic HTLs. In addition, coating organic layers on NiOx can passivate the surface defects of NiOx nanoparticles. Based on this strategy, pinhole- and void-free Dion–Jacobson-type quasi-two-dimensional (Q-2D) perovskite (BDA)MA4Pb5I16 films have been blade-coated on NiOx/MeO-2PACz substrates. Perovskite solar cells with inverted structure show a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 19.52% and a low non-radiative open-circuit voltage loss of 0.12 V, proving the vital role of substrate wettability on device efficiencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigate the ability of three higher-order risk-neutral return cumulants to predict short maturity (weekly) returns of oil futures. Our data includes weekly West Texas Crude Oil futures options that expire in 7 days (7DTE). Using a model-free approach, we estimate these risk-neutral return cumulants at the beginning of each options expiration cycle. Our results suggest that the third risk-neutral return cumulant consistently predicts the returns of various oil futures (including WTI, Brent, Dubai, Heating Oil, and RBOB Gasoline). We compare our findings with 14 other predictors and offer a theoretical explanation for the negative coefficient observed for the 7DTE third risk-neutral return cumulant. Our theory connects higher-order risk-neutral return cumulants with the risk premiums of oil futures. Furthermore, our quantitative investment strategy favors the predictability of oil futures returns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online Innovation Community (OIC) serves as a virtual space for users to exchange products and services, and share knowledge and information. Previous studies have indicated that community climate is an important factor affecting users' value co-creation behavior, however, the influencing process has not been clearly revealed from the perspective of motivation. In this study, we explored the relationship between online innovation community climate (supportive climate and controlling climate), user motivation and value co-creation behavior (user's participation behavior and user's citizenship behavior) based on the SOR model. The study sample included 29,835 pieces of information from 3,315 users in 14 product sections of the OnePlus Community which were analyzed with Mplus8.1. The findings revealed that: (1) The supportive climate had a positive impact on user's citizenship behavior(β = 0.042), while the controlling climate exerted a significant positive impact on user's citizenship behavior (β = 0.078) and user's participation behavior(β = 0.099); (2) The need for achievement played a suppressing effect between community climate and user's participation behavior, the need for power played a suppressing effect between supportive climate and user's value co-creation behavior, and the need for affiliation played a mediating role between supportive climate and user's citizenship behavior (β = 0.010) and user's participation behavior(β = 0.006); (3) Community trust positively moderated the relationship between the need for achievement and user's participation behavior(β = 0.058) as well as between the need for power and user's participation behavior(β = 0.043). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

N1-methyladenosine (m1A) is a post-transcriptionally modified RNA molecule that plays a pivotal role in the regulation of various biological functions and activities. Especially in cancer cell invasion, proliferation and cell cycle regulation. Over recent years, there has been a burgeoning interest in investigating the m1A modification of RNA. Most studies have focused on the regulation of m1A in cancer enrichment areas and different regions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the methodologies employed for the detection of m1A modification. Furthermore, this review delves into the key players in m1A modification, known as the "writers," "erasers," and "readers." m1A modification is modified by the m1A methyltransferases, or writers, such as TRMT6, TRMT61A, TRMT61B, TRMT10C, NML, and, removed by the demethylases, or erasers, including FTO and ALKBH1, ALKBH3. It is recognized by m1A-binding proteins YTHDF1, TYHDF2, TYHDF3, and TYHDC1, also known as "readers". Additionally, we explore the intricate relationship between m1A modification and its regulators and their implications for the development and progression of specific types of cancer, we discuss how m1A modification can potentially facilitate the discovery of novel approaches for cancer diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Our summary of m1A methylated adenosine modification detection methods and regulatory mechanisms in various cancers provides useful insights for cancer diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Cgy29QUiz7vJ-gsCtujnZr Video Abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a Mo doped CoO nanosheet grown on nickel foam (labeled as: Mo−CoO) with defect‐rich and improved electron transfer capacity was designed to be used as a novel non‐enzyme electrode material. Physical characterizations demonstrated the Mo elements were doped inside of the samples and they were mutually stabilized with each other, resulting in a high structural stability electrochemical catalytical activity even if the content of Mo was low. For non‐enzymatic glucose electrochemical sensing, the prepared Mo−CoO‐1 showed a remarkable sensitivity of 89.3 mA cm−2 mM−1, and a low detection limit of 0.43 μM. Density functional theory (DFT) studies revealed that the doped Mo atom exhibited a higher d‐band center compared to the Co atom. A stronger p‐d orbital hybridization between the glucose and the Mo atoms indicated the enhancement of glucose adsorption and activation. Importantly, Mo−CoO‐1 provided a good selectivity and long‐term stability, which can be expected to be used in future practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) is a highly conserved chemical modification widely found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic RNA, such as tRNA, rRNA, and mRNA. This modification is significantly associated with various human diseases, especially cancer, and its formation depends on the catalytic activity of N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10), the only known protein that produces ac4C. This review discusses the detection techniques and regulatory mechanisms of ac4C and summarizes ac4C correlation with tumor occurrence, development, prognosis, and drug therapy. It also comments on a new biomarker for early tumor diagnosis and prognosis prediction and a new target for tumor therapy. 1XB-Umo82HmUCTng4dZDNe Video Abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Novel ADC drugs provide a new therapeutic strategy for gastric cancer.The present study aimed to analyze the clinical efficacy and drug toxicities of disitamab vedotin (RC48) plus immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs) and RC48 as third-line therapies and beyond for advanced and metastatic gastric cancer patients. Methods: This was an observational multicenter real-world study.From August 2021 to January 2022,patients with HER2-positive or HER2-low advanced and metastatic gastric cancer and failed from two or more lines of prior therapy were enrolled and treated with RC48 plus ICIs or RC48. In this study, progression free survival(PFS) was the primary end point. Other evaluation indicators were objective response rate(ORR),disease control rate(DCR),overall survival(OS) and drug toxicities. Results: 45 patients were enrolled,of which 25 patients received RC48 plus ICIs,20 patients received RC48.Patients who received RC48 plus ICIs obtained better ORR (36.0% vs. 10.0%, P = 0.044) and DCR (80.0% vs. 50.0%, P = 0.034) compared with RC48,and simultaneously,the median PFS in RC48 plus ICIs group were superior to RC48 group(6.2 m vs. 3.9 m).The median OS was not reached.No statistically differences were found between HER2-positive and HER2-low group with respect to ORR (27.3% vs. 16.7%, P = 0.464),DCR (66.7% vs. 66.7%, P = 1.000),median PFS(5.7 m vs. 4.3 m, P = 0.299).The most common adverse events (AEs) were decreased white blood count,decreased neutrophil count,fatigue,hypoaesthesia and alopecia.Grade 3–4 AEs occurred in 7(35.0%) patients of RC48 group and 10(40.0%) patients of RC48 plus ICIs group,respectively. Conclusion: Compared with RC48 monotherapy, ICIs plus RC48 demonstrated superior third-line and beyond therapeutic efficacy for HER2-positive or HER2-low advanced and metastatic gastric cancer patients with manageable safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Normally off AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) with p-type gates are attracting increasing attention due to their high safety and low power loss in the field of power switching. In this work, to solve the Mg difficult activating problem of the conventional p-GaN gate AlGaN/GaN HEMTs, we propose an advanced design for the normally off AlGaN/GaN HEMT with a p-type hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) gate cap layer to effectively manipulate the channel transport of the device. The simulation results demonstrate that the p-hBN gate cap HEMTs yield superior performance over conventional p-GaN gate HEMTs in terms of output current and breakdown voltage, which can be attributed to the deeper potential well formation at the AlGaN/GaN interface and more accumulation of holes located at the p-hBN/AlGaN interface. Moreover, we investigate the effect of bandgap variation on device performance, taking into account that the exact bandgap of h-BN remains under debate. Herein, valuable insights into h-BN cap-gate E-mode AlGaN/GaN HEMT devices are provided, which could serve as a useful reference for the future development of robust III-nitride material power electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Venetoclax is clinically active in treating relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of venetoclax or venetoclax with other agents in treating RRMM. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library were comprehensively searched. We included studies investigating the efficacy and safety of venetoclax or venetoclax with other agents in treating RRMM. Overall response rates (ORR), stringent complete response rates (sCR), complete response rates (CR), very good partial response rates (VGPR), partial response rates (PR), stable disease (SD), progressive disease (PD) and adverse events were synthesized using either a random-effects model or a fixed-effects model. Results: A total of 7 clinical trials with 482 patients with RRMM were included. Concerning venetoclax with other agents, the pooled ORR, sCR, CR, VGPR, PR, SD, and PD were 0.76 (95% CIs: 0.62, 0.87), 0.11 (95% CIs: 0.04, 0.21), 0.18 (95% CIs: 0.11, 0.26), 0.16 (95% CIs: 0.12, 0.25), 0.29 (95% CIs: 0.25, 0.34), 0.07 (95% CIs: 0.05, 0.10), and 0.11 (95% CIs: 0.04, 0.23). The overall rate of adverse events ≥ Grade 3 was 0.84 (95% CIs: 0.77, 0.91). The most common non-hematologic adverse events were nausea, diarrhea, fatigue, back pain, and vomiting; hematologic adverse events included thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, anemia, leukopenia, and lymphopenia. Conclusions: This study indicates that venetoclax alone or in combination with other agents reveals favorable treatment responses and acceptable adverse events in treating RRMM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: This study explored how urbanization (urban heat island effect and air pollution) affects urban tree growth. The radial growth and xylem anatomical characteristics of trees in urban and rural areas of Harbin were compared by means of tree-ring anatomy. Results showed that there were significant differences in the growth of both broadleaf trees and conifers between urban and rural areas. Urbanization may have the effect of slowing down tree growth, and conifers may be more sensitive to urbanization. Warming and drying climate in Harbin may be an important factor affecting tree growth. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for the future evaluation of the effect of urbanization on tree growth and ecological benefits, as well as the selection of tree species in urban forests. In the context of the intensification of global urbanization, how urbanization (urban heat island effect and air pollution) affects urban tree growth is not fully understood. In this paper, the radial growth and xylem anatomical characteristics of three different tree species (Quercus mongolica, Fraxinus mandshurica, and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) in urban and rural areas of Harbin were compared by means of tree-ring anatomy. The results showed that there were significant differences in the growth of both broadleaf trees and conifers between urban and rural areas. The vessel number, cumulative area of vessels, and theoretical hydraulic conductivity of all tree species in rural areas were higher than those in urban areas, indicating that urbanization may have the effect of slowing down growth. However, broadleaf trees in urban areas had higher vessel density and a greater percentage of a conductive area within xylem and theoretical xylem-specific hydraulic conductivity. The thickness of cell walls and cell wall reinforcement index of P. sylvestris var. mongolica were strongly reduced by air pollution, implying that it may be more sensitive to urbanization. Compared to Q. mongolica, F. mandshurica showed less sensitivity to urbanization. Warming and drying climate in Harbin may be an important factor affecting tree growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A chaos patterned metasurface absorber (CPMA) with three strong absorption peaks and a wide bandwidth has been designed. This CPMA presents a single-layer sandwich structure, which not only enables easy optimization by adjusting the surface pattern and model size but also contributes to the continuous effective bandwidth (EBW, with an absorptivity larger than 90%) from the multiple adjacent absorption peaks. The continuous EBW is from 4.28 to 9.56 GHz with a bandwidth of 76.3%. Meanwhile, analyses on the distributions of the surface current, electric field, and power loss density illustrate that the absorption mechanisms are mainly magnetic coupling resonance and dielectric loss. The experimental results confirm the good absorption performance with multi-peak and wide bandwidth for the fabricated CPMA sample, which shows potential applications in the field of anti-electromagnetic interference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manipulation of intense pulse propagation in gas-filled capillaries is desirable for various high-field applications. Tuning the parameters of the driving laser pulse and the working gas is the conventional approach, and it provides limited capability of control. Here we demonstrate through numerical simulations a practical scheme to control the propagation of intense pulses. A weak ultraviolet pulse is launched into a capillary with a negative delay with respect to a main infrared pulse. The pulses begin to temporally overlap due to dispersion. As the main pulse self-compresses, the control pulse is strongly red-shifted due to cross-phase modulation. The frequency shifts of the two pulses mitigate pulse walk-off and allow an efficient coupling, substantially extending the effective interaction length. This interesting phenomenon may benefit applications such as high-order harmonic generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a novel hybrid ejection system with hydraulic system and pulley-rope mechanism is proposed to accurately track the speed command of the hybrid ejection system. Aiming at the high-order, nonlinear and uncertain characteristics of hybrid ejection system, a new improved method of active disturbance rejection controller is proposed, which achieves good anti-interference performance while maintaining the system stability. The controller is obtained by combining fuzzy control algorithm with extended state observer by backstepping method. By adding a state feedback, two extended state observers are applied to hydraulic system and pulley-rope mechanism respectively, which solves the problem that the extended state observers of the high-order system cannot determine the appropriate controller parameters to achieve the expected performance. Meanwhile, fuzzy control algorithm is addressed to reduce the oscillations or even instability induced by large controller bandwidth. With this idea, the mathematical model and the co-simulation model based on MATLAB-AMESim are established. The simulation results show that the proposed controller can significantly improve the speed tracking accuracy and shorten the response time. Finally, the proposed control strategy is verified by experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a series of morphology‐controlled NiFeOOH nanosheets were directly developed through a one‐step mild in‐situ acid‐etching hydrothermal process. Benefiting from the ultrathin interwoven geometric structure and most favorable electron transport structure, the NiFeOOH nanosheets synthesized under 120 °C (denoted as NiFe_120) exhibited the optimal electrochemical performance for urea oxidation reaction (UOR). An overpotential of merely 1.4 V was required to drive the current density of 100 mA cm−2, and the electrochemical activity remains no change even after 5000 cycles' accelerated degradation test. Moreover, the assembled urea electrolysis set by using the NiFe_120 as bifunctional catalysts presented a reduced potential of 1.573 V at 10 mA cm−2, which was much lower than that of overall water splitting. We believe this work will lay a foundation for developing high‐performance urea oxidation catalysts for the large‐scale production of hydrogen and purification of urea‐rich sewage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contents and chemical speciation of vanadium(V) in different types of soil and soils with different particle were studied by the modified BCR method. The results indicated that the V content was in the order of as red soil > cinnamon soil > chernozem soil, and the content of V in red soil was as high as 264.9 mg/kg, which posesa potential risk to the environment and biosecurity. In cinnamon soil, V exhibitedan obvious gradation effect; that is, the content of V in fine particles was higher than in large particles. In addition, V(IV), with low toxicity, accounted for more than 87% of the total V in the three types of soil, and most V existed in the residual fraction. The pH was the main factor affecting the V valence state in the soil, and when the environmental conditions change due to various agricultural measures, such as applying fertiliser, long-term cultivation and intensive irrigation, V(IV) is easily oxidised to V(V) with high toxicity, and reduceable and oxidisable V is converted into an acid-soluble fraction, which leads to increased bioavailability and a potential threat to the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen environmental risk assessments and monitoring of heavy metals in cultivated soils, especially in areas with high background values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A broadband antenna with simultaneous flat gain and filtering characteristic is proposed in this paper. To achieve a flat gain response, rectangle slots and a bandpass filter are loaded on the antipodal Vivaldi antenna. The loaded rectangle slots adjust the phase of the surface currents to widen the operating bandwidth, as well as reduce the far-field radiation cancellation of the reverse currents in the end-fire direction, thus improving the gain. In addition, a bandpass filter is added to the antenna to further equalize the currents amplitude and suppress out-of-band signals. The measured results show that the proposed antenna achieves an impedance bandwidth of 101.9% (3.99–12.28 GHz) and an out-of-band suppression level of 15.5 dBi in the upper stopband. What is more, an extremely low gain fluctuation of ± 0.464 dBi is realized in the 4–12 GHz. Compared with conventional broadband antennas, the antenna features simple structure and better performance, which achieves broadband with simultaneous flat gain response and filtering characteristic. The proposed antenna may be applied in high-precision radar sensing system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sub-micrometer-sized targets are found in intense laser–cluster interaction experiments and laser-based material processing. Here, we investigate the internal field localization due to Mie scattering and its effect on ionization dynamics in sub-micrometer-sized clusters using Mie calculation and particle-in-cell simulations. As a result of intertwined processes of pulse propagation and ionization, sub-micrometer nanofocusing dominates at lower intensity and gives rise to an ionization hotspot at the rear of the targets while plasma shielding wins over at a higher intensity, stopping further rear side ionization. As ionization is often the precursor of other processes, understanding the ionization dynamics of ultrafast laser pulses with wavelength-sized nanostructure can be relevant for intense laser-cluster experiments and femtosecond laser micro-/nanomachining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high efficiency of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts depends on their electronic structure, conductivity, and intrinsic catalytic activity. Transition-metal oxides (TMO) present a great potential to replace platinum-based catalysts, but further improvements in intrinsic catalytic activity are limited to the materials' conductivity. Herein, theoretical calculations disclosed that the adjusted density of states around the Fermi level caused by Ag introduction increased the conductivity of Co2Mo3O8-Ag, optimizing the water adsorption energy (ΔEad) and Gibbs free energy of hydrogen adsorption (ΔGH*). This can be rationalized through the synergistic effect between electron-rich Co and Mo sites in Co2Mo3O8-Ag. Inspired by this, Ag nanoparticles loaded on Co2Mo3O8 nanosheets (CMO-Ag) as a pH-universal HER catalyst were successfully constructed. As expected, the prepared CMO-Ag catalyst exhibited excellent HER activity with overpotentials of 55.5, 63.2, and 68.2 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in alkaline, neutral, and acidic electrolyte, respectively, superior to most reported results from molybdenum/cobalt-based electrocatalyst. Meanwhile, the CMO-Ag also presented exceptional stability with negligible change after 20 h of stability tests and 1000 cycles of CV measurements. This work provides a valuable strategy for optimizing catalytic activity sites and improving conductivity through combining metal nanoparticles and TMO, which can be applied for other TMO-based HER pH-universal catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A glucose sensor with high sensitivity and low detection limit is vital for human beings' health. Herein, a CoO nanoneedle array with an unique electronic structure was successfully constructed by a hydrothermal and subsequent high-temperature calcination process. The optimized CoO-400 nanoneedles exhibit a larger electrochemical active surface area, beneficial electronic structure, favorable lattice distortion, and abundant active sites, which effectively promote electrochemical properties toward glucose sensing. The glucose sensor constructed by CoO-400 nanoneedles shows a high sensitivity of 84.23 mA cm−2 mM−1 and low detection limit of 4.4 × 10−7 M, superior to the results from most previous reports. Moreover, outstanding anti-interference ability, superior long-term stability, good repeatability, and satisfactory reproducibility in glucose detection for CoO-400 nanoneedles are also demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: A tunable circularly polarized square patch antenna with parasitic elements is designed for a wide frequency tuning range and high gain characteristics. The proposed antenna is constructed by one main patch and four semi‐elliptic parasitic units. By loading four varactor diodes and adjusting their capacitance values, the tunable feature is performed to reallocate the corresponding working frequency. Moreover, the diagonal corners of the antenna are cut and loaded with varactor diodes, which provide the appropriate perturbation between the two orthogonality modes of the antenna, so as to ensure the circular polarization characteristic in the entire operating tuning band. The experimental results demonstrate that the reflection coefficient and axial ratio are less than −13 dB and 3 dB, respectively. The proposed antenna features a relatively wide continuously tuning range of 24% within 1.9‐2.3 GHz and a stable gain of over 7 dBi with a radiation efficiency of above 85%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A straightforward approach to synthesise isocoumarins via Rh(III)-catalyzed C–H/C–C bond activation/annulation cascade of enaminones and iodonium ylides has been explored. The established protocol is characterized by an exceedingly simple reaction system, high regioselectivity and good functional group tolerance. Moreover, this strategy may provide a new route to cleavage of the C(sp2)–C(O) bond of unstrained ketones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The progress in efficiency improvements of blade-coated two-dimensional perovskite solar cells (PSCs) lags behind that of spin-coated ones. Pinholes and voids are two important structural defects hiding in blade-coated large-area perovskite films to deteriorate device efficiency and stability. However, the formation of pinholes and voids is still difficult to predict. On substrates with moderate wettability, Dion–Jacobson perovskite films can be blade-coated with good coverage, but we highlight that the formation of nanoscale voids buried at the bottom side of perovskite films can occur frequently, depending critically on the wettability of substrates. It is revealed that super hydrophilic NiOx substrates with contact angle θ < 5° possesses strong bubble repellent property, which thermal dynamically prevents the retraction of precursor solution and plays an important role to suppress the attachment and growth of bubbles on its surface. The probabilities of forming both pinholes and buried voids in perovskite films on super hydrophilic NiOx substrates are one order of magnitude lower than that on hydrophilic PTAA and poly-TPD substrates. The blade-coated (BDA)MA4Pb5I16 films on NiOx substrate offer PSCs with excellent interfacial hole extraction and reduced leakage current, contributing a significant power conversion efficiency improvement from ∼10% to 16.26%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wind power generation has been developed rapidly due to rising global interest in renewable clean energy sources. Accurate prediction of the potential amount of such energy is of great significance to energy development. As wind changes greatly by season, time series analysis is considered as a natural approach to characterize the seasonal fluctuation and exponential growth. In this paper, a dual integrated hybrid model is presented by using random forest (RF) to incorporate the extreme gradient boosting (XGB) with empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and a fractional order accumulation seasonal grey model (FSGM). For seasonal fluctuation in vertical dimension processing, the time series is decomposed into high and low frequency components. Then, high and low frequency components are predicted by XGB and extreme learning machine (ELM), respectively. For the exponential growth in horizontal dimension processing, the FSGM is applied in the same month in different years. Consequently, the proposed model can not only be used to capture the exponential growth trend but also investigate the complex high-frequency variation. To validate the model, it is applied to analyze the characteristics of wind power time series for China from 2010 to 2020, and the analysis results from the model are compared with popularly known models; the results illustrate that the proposed model is superior to other models in examining the characteristics of the wind power time series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In their paper, "Dark Matter in (Volatility and) Equity Option Risk Premiums," Bakshi, Crosby, and Gao ask a provocative question: is there dark matter embedded in volatility and equity options? They consider a theoretical approach that allows them to introduce the constructs of risk premiums on jumps crossing the strike and on local time. The treatment of jumps crossing the strike and local time is integral to their theory because their absence would be counterfactual from an empirical standpoint. They label such abstract uncertainties—driven by unspanned risk components—"dark matter" as these uncertainties can be hard to identify, but their presence is implied in options data, and the workings of dark matter can be economically influential. Their empirical exercises are based on weekly equity index options (the "weeklys") in addition to the farther-dated (index and futures) options up to 88 days maturity. Emphasizing the statistics of jumps crossing the strike and local time, we develop a decomposition of equity option risk premiums. Operationalizing this theoretical treatment, we equip the pricing kernel process with unspanned risks, embed (unspanned) jump risks, and allow equity return volatility to contain unspanned risks. Unspanned risks are consistent with negative risk premiums for jumps crossing the strike and local time and imply negative risk premiums for out-of-the-money call options and straddles. The empirical evidence from weekly and farther-dated index options is supportive of our theory of economically relevant unspanned risks and reveals "dark matter" in option risk premiums. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2022.2360. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, SiNx film deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition was employed as a gate dielectric of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). We found that the NH3 flow during the deposition of SiNx can significantly affect the performances of metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) HEMTs. Compared to that without using NH3 flow, the device with the optimized NH3 flow exhibited three orders of magnitude lower gate leakage current, two orders of magnitude higher ON/OF drain current ratio, and an increased breakdown field by 69%. In addition, an in situ N2 plasma surface treatment prepared prior to SiNx deposition can further improve DC performances of MIS-HEMTs to a very low gate leakage current of 10−9 mA/mm and a high ON/OFF drain current ratio up to 109 by reducing the interface state density. These results demonstrate the great potential for using PECVD-SiNx as a gate dielectric in GaN-based MIS-HEMTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porous polystyrene nanostructures (PPNs) were synthesized through a facile emulsion polymerization method with assistance from environmental biodiesel. Based on controlling experiments with different biodiesel masses or temperatures, when added 0.2 g biodiesel at 60 °C, the delicate equilibrium between the reaction and diffusion rates was found to contribute to the PPN formation. Diffusion-limited aggregation theory was introduced to explain the possible formation mechanism of the PPNs. Moreover, due to their small pore sizes (40–50 nm) and high specific surface areas (769.3 m2/g), the PPNs showed excellent adsorption efficiency in the cycled adsorption of phenol. The possible adsorption mechanism is that PPNs has abundant benzene ring and phenol to form π–π stacking, thus playing the role of adsorption phenol. In this paper, a novel method of fabricating polystyrene nanostructures assisted by biodiesel is provided, which has a certain guiding effect on adsorption of benzene rings in wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The power head is the key part of the rock breaking work of the raise boring machine. Because the power head cannot adjust speed in time with the change in complex rock stratum, it leads to high failure rate, low work efficiency, and even accidents, so it is urgent to improve the controllability of the power head. In this paper, the electrohydraulic coupling mathematical model of the power head is established using the characteristic equations of dynamics and hydraulic components, and the control strategy of the fractional electrohydraulic drive system of the power head is proposed; genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and whale optimization algorithm (WOA) are used to adjust the parameters of FOPID, so as to improve the control effect of electrohydraulic system. The results show that the step response of WOA-FOPID control strategy is also better than that of genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). It can reach a stable state in 0.02 seconds, and the overshoot is only 0.12137%. The test verifies the correctness of the adaptive control and simulation results of the power head, which can effectively improve the adaptability of the power head to complex coal seams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the emergence of online open platforms and communities, remix has drawn much attention as an essential source of innovation whereby the knowledge endowment of online community users plays a crucial role. This study constructs a structural equation model to explore the impact of user knowledge endowment heterogeneity on remix through the mediating effect of their collaborative psychology. In this empirical study, we collected 25,032 pieces of data from Thingiverse (a 3D printing community) users and their published designs. The findings are as follows. Explicit knowledge endowment heterogeneity has a positive impact on the quantity of remix but a negative impact on its quality. Likewise, the implicit knowledge endowment heterogeneity positively affects the quantity of remix but has no significant effect on its quality. Users' conflicting psychology plays a mediating role between knowledge endowment heterogeneity and remix, while their collaborative psychology negatively mediates merely between explicit knowledge endowment heterogeneity and remix quality. By unraveling the relationship between user knowledge endowment heterogeneity, collaborative psychology, and remix, this study is significant in understanding users' remix process in open collaborative communities and illuminating their psychological mechanism in this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Driven by the urgent need for adaptive infrared (IR) electrochromic devices, the improvement in electrochromic performance based on polyaniline (PANI) conducting polymers has become an outstanding challenge. In recent years, the acid doping strategy has been proven to increase the IR modulation ability of PANI, in particular for the Bronsted acid doping. Herein, the effects of copper ions, a Lewis acid, on the structure and electrochromic properties of polyaniline were investigated. Compared to pure polyaniline, the Cu-doped PANI porous films show better IR modulation ability. With the increasing concentration of copper ions, the Cu-doped PANI porous films exhibit a trend in volcanic patterns for the emittance variation (∆ε), depending on the number of polarons and bipolarons. The optimal IR emissivity (ε) modulation obtained on Cu-doped PANI films shows the ∆ε modulation of 0.35 and 0.3 in the wavelength range of 8–14 µm and 2.5–25 µm, superior to previously reported pure sulfuric acid-doped PANI. Furthermore, a flexible IR electrochromic device was fabricated with the present Cu-doped PANI porous films. The modulation of the emittance variation varied between 0.513 and 0.834 (∆ε = 0.32 in ranges of wavelength 8–12 µm), suggesting the great potential for applications in military camouflage and intelligent IR thermal management. We believe that the results in this work will provide a novel perspective and avenue for improving the IR modulation ability of electrochromic devices based on polyaniline conducting polymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The excessive input of heavy metals such as vanadium (V) into the environment has been one of the consequences of global industrial development. Excessive exposure to V can pose a potential threat to ecological safety and human health. Due to the heterogeneous composition and reactivity of the various elements in soils and sediments, quantitative analysis of the chemical speciation of V in different environmental samples is very complicated. The analysis of V chemical speciation can further reveal the bioavailability of V and accurately quantify its ecotoxicity. This is essential for assessing for exposure and for controlling ecological risks of V. Although the current investigation technologies for the chemical speciation of V have grown rapidly, the lack of comprehensive comparisons and systematic analyses of these types of technologies impedes a more comprehensive understanding of ecosystem safety and human health risks. In this review, we studied the chemical and physical extraction methods for V from multiple perspectives, such as technological, principle-based, and efficiency-based, and their application to the evaluation of V bioavailability. By sorting out the advantages and disadvantages of the current technologies, the future demand for the in situ detection of trace heavy metals such as V can be met and the accuracy of heavy metal bioavailability prediction can be improved, which will be conducive to development in the fields of environmental protection policy and risk management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultraviolet (UV)‐durable organic solar cells (OSCs) are realized by incorporating a CdSe@ZnS quantum dots (QDs)‐modified PEDOT:PSS hole extraction layer (HEL). The use of the CdSe@ZnS QDs‐modified PEDOT:PSS HEL has an obvious improvement in UV‐durability of OSCs. A more than 50% reduction in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) is observed for a (PM6:Y6)‐based control OSC with a PEDOT:PSS HEL, under the 1000 min accelerated UV (365 nm, 16 W) aging test. Whereas a much reduced reduction of 35% in PCE is observed for the OSCs with a CdSe@ZnS QDs‐modified PEDOT:PSS HEL, under the same accelerated UV aging test condition. Results reveal that the Coulombic attraction between the PEDOT units and PSS chains in the PEDOT:PSS layer is disturbed due to the interaction between hydroxyl ligands of the CdSe@ZnS QDs and PSS through hydrogen bond, leading to an increase in the electric conductivity in PEDOT:PSS layer through transforming PEDOT quinoid structure to expanded‐coil structure. The use of the CdSe@ZnS QDs‐modified PEDOT:PSS HEL also favors the efficient operation of the nonfullerene acceptor (NFA)‐based OSCs through maintaining a high built‐in potential across the bulk heterojunction. The results demonstrate the importance of the interface engineering to alleviate UV light‐induced degradation processes of NFA‐based OSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultraviolet (UV)‐durable organic solar cells (OSCs) are realized by incorporating a CdSe@ZnS quantum dots (QDs)‐modified PEDOT:PSS hole extraction layer (HEL). The use of the CdSe@ZnS QDs‐modified PEDOT:PSS HEL has an obvious improvement in UV‐durability of OSCs. A more than 50% reduction in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) is observed for a (PM6:Y6)‐based control OSC with a PEDOT:PSS HEL, under the 1000 min accelerated UV (365 nm, 16 W) aging test. Whereas a much reduced reduction of 35% in PCE is observed for the OSCs with a CdSe@ZnS QDs‐modified PEDOT:PSS HEL, under the same accelerated UV aging test condition. Results reveal that the Coulombic attraction between the PEDOT units and PSS chains in the PEDOT:PSS layer is disturbed due to the interaction between hydroxyl ligands of the CdSe@ZnS QDs and PSS through hydrogen bond, leading to an increase in the electric conductivity in PEDOT:PSS layer through transforming PEDOT quinoid structure to expanded‐coil structure. The use of the CdSe@ZnS QDs‐modified PEDOT:PSS HEL also favors the efficient operation of the nonfullerene acceptor (NFA)‐based OSCs through maintaining a high built‐in potential across the bulk heterojunction. The results demonstrate the importance of the interface engineering to alleviate UV light‐induced degradation processes of NFA‐based OSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the wide use of iron in all kinds of areas, the design and construction of direct, fast, and highly sensitive sensor for Fe3+ are highly desirable and important. In the present work, a kind of fluorescent MXene quantum dots (MQDs) was synthesized via an intermittent ultrasound process using N,N-dimethyl formamide as solvent. The prepared MQDs were characterized via a combination of UV–Vis absorption, fluorescence spectra, X-ray photoelectron energy spectra, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Based on the electrostatic-induced aggregation quenching mechanism, the fluorescent MQDs probes exhibited excellent sensing performance for the detection of Fe3+, with a sensitivity of 0.6377 mM−1 and the detection limit of 1.4 μM, superior to those reported in studies. The present MQDs-based probes demonstrate the potential promising applications as the sensing device of Fe3+. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An accurate sensor to rapidly determine the glucose concentration is of significant importance for the human body health, as diabetes has become a very high incidence around the world. In this work, copper nanoparticles accommodated in porous carbon substrates (Cu NP@PC), synthesized by calcinating the filter papers impregnated with copper ions at high temperature, were designed as the electrode active materials for electrochemical sensing of glucose. During the formation of porous carbon, the copper nanoparticles spontaneously accommodated into the formed voids and constituted the half-covered composites. For the electrochemical glucose oxidation, the prepared Cu NP@PC composites exhibit much superior catalytic activity with the current density of 0.31 mA/cm2 at the potential of 0.55 V in the presence of 0.2 mM glucose. Based on the high electrochemical oxidation activity, the present Cu NP@PC composites also exhibit a superior glucose sensing performance. The sensitivity is determined to be 84.5 μA /(mmol.L) with a linear range of 0.01 ~ 1.1 mM and a low detection limit (LOD) of 2.1 μmol/L. Compared to that of non-porous carbon supported copper nanoparticles (Cu NP/C), this can be reasonable by the improved mass transfer and strengthened synergistic effect between copper nanoparticles and porous carbon substrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured Application: In order to meet the camouflage requirements for various applications, with different climates conditions of full-time, this paper proposes an adaptive real-time camouflage control system in the visible light band. The sensor technology, image processing technology, and display technology are well combined by this camouflage control system. This paper presents an adaptive camouflage system in visible band, featuring a dominant color feature-matching algorithm and pulse width modulation (PWM)-based display driving circuit. The control system consists of three parts, namely, the background sensing part, the central processing part, and the physical driving waveform generation part. Images of the local environment are sampled by the background sensing part, and then the dominant color feature matching algorithm is conducted to select a proper camouflage image that matches the local environment. Consequently, the cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) display using amplitude adjustable AC voltage, which is modulated by the physical driving waveform generation unit. The experimental results show that the matching degree of the proposed algorithm was 2.47 times that of the conventional hue (H), saturation (S), and value (V) histogram camouflage evaluation method, while the output peak wavelength of the reflective band can be adjusted from 604 to 544 nm according to the ambient color profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An effective and rapid method for the detection of hydrazine hydrate is urgently needed as a result of its high toxicity and extensive use. Here, copper nanoparticles supported on carbon (written as: Cu NP/C) and copper oxide polycrystalline solids (written as: CuO PS), synthesized by calcining the same metal–organic framework at high temperature, were respectively used as electrode materials for electrochemical sensing hydrazine. The results show that the prepared Cu NP/C exhibits a better performance with a sensitivity of 0.1726 mA (mmol/L)−1, a wider linear range of 0.1–2.4 mM and a lower detection limit of 0.0014 mmol·L−1, compared to the obtained CuO PS. This can be reasonably explained by the lower copper valence state and its interaction with the carbon supports in Cu NP/C. Furthermore, the good selectivity and anti‐interference ability from the Cu NP/C are also acquired for electrochemical detection of hydrazine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a measure of dissimilarity between stochastic discount factors (SDFs) in different economies. The SDFs are made comparable using the respective bond prices as the numeraire. The measure is dimensionless, synthesizes features of the risk-neutral moments of excess currency returns, and can be extracted from currency option prices. Linking theory to data, we provide evidence gathered from (i) the cross section of 45 currency option prices, (ii) the time series of currency returns, (iii) estimated SDFs using model-free restrictions, and (iv) structural models in international finance. This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, finance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For large-area electronic applications, the mechanism of the leakage current in oxide-semiconductor thin-film transistors (TFTs) has become a critical issue. In this work, the impact of the irradiation location on the photo-leakage current of zinc oxide (ZnO) TFTs is investigated. The photo-leakage current of the ZnO TFTs is not only dependent on the light irradiation but it is also dependent on the parasitic capacitance between the drain electrode and the floating gate metal. The photo-leakage current of the source-half irradiation TFT is larger than that of the drain-half irradiation TFT. To explain this phenomenon, the profile of the electric potential and the electron concentration is analyzed by two-dimensional device simulation. It is found that the floating gate metal plays the dominant role in the photo-leakage current. This research provides insight into TFT structure optimization and high-performance TFT process development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the recent efforts and progress on the transition metal‐based electrocatalysts for water splitting, it is still a challenge to fabricate oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalysts with high performance, simultaneously via a simple, facile, and environment‐friendly way. Herein, we report a facile strategy for the fabrication of NiFe oxides‐based micro/nano‐structures on Ni foams via simple femtosecond laser ablation, where the Ni : Fe ratio can be readily tuned by changing the amount of Fe precursors dropped on the Ni foams. The resulted electrocatalysts exhibit excellent oxygen evolution reaction activity with low overpotentials of 221 and 241 mV at 25 and 50 mA cm−2, and good long‐term durability under high current density in alkaline condition, suggesting great potentials for practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]