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Media profiling offers valuable insights to enhance the objectivity and reliability of news coverage by providing comprehensive analysis, but the diversity in languages posed significant challenges to our identification of factuality and political bias of non-English sources. The limitation of existing media analysis research is its concentration on a singular high-resource language, and it hardly extends to languages beyond English. To address this, we introduce xMP, a dataset for zero-shot cross-lingual media profiling tasks. xMP's cross-lingual test set encompasses 34 non-English languages and 18 language families, extending media profiling beyond English resources and allowing us to assess cross-lingual media profiling model performance. Additionally, we propose a method, named R-KAT, to enhance the model's zero-shot cross-lingual transfer learning capability by building virtual multilingual embedding. Our experiments illustrate that our method improves the transferability of models in cross-lingual media profiling tasks. Additionally, we further discuss the performance of our method for different target languages. Our dataset and code are publicly available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

News media profiling is helpful in preventing the spread of fake news at the source and maintaining a good media and news ecosystem. Most previous works only extract features and evaluate media from one dimension independently, ignoring the interconnections between different aspects. This paper proposes a novel news media bias and factuality profiling framework assisted by correlated features. This framework models the relationship and interaction between media bias and factuality, utilizing this relationship to assist in the prediction of profiling results. Our approach extracts features independently while aligning and fusing them through recursive convolution and attention mechanisms, thus harnessing multi-scale interactive information across different dimensions and levels. This method improves the effectiveness of news media evaluation. Experimental results indicate that our proposed framework significantly outperforms existing methods, achieving the best performance in Accuracy and F 1score, improving by at least 1% compared to other methods. This paper further analyzes and discusses based on the experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of CIRCULO de Linguistica Aplicada a la Comunicacion is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study offers a new perspective on documentary drama in the television, cable and streaming eras by mapping the trajectory of US media industry discourse about docudrama from the early twentieth century to the present. It uses aggregate data from eight entertainment trade journals to show that docudrama emerged in broadcasting and film in the 1930s and has played a significant role in US media culture ever since. It analyzes trade journal commentary and radio broadcasting practices to demonstrate that the two key components of docudrama—dramatization and a discourse of factuality—developed in the network radio era. The key radio innovation was dramatization, which required producers to re-create actual events, conform to generic expectations, and promote a particular ideological perspective on social events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the epistolary interaction with readers, John Dunton's Athenian Mercury (1691–97) provided a platform for the discussion and dissemination of knowledge drawn from diverse fields. Plagued by doubts about its reliability, the periodical constantly had to (re‐)assert its credibility. One of the strategies the Mercury employed was to emphasize the physicality of objects via text, practising a performance of materiality. Taking the letter‐as‐object as its starting point, this article argues that materiality played a crucial role in not only the representation but also the active production of truthfulness. Examining how Dunton's periodical leveraged notions of the coffeehouse as an exhibition space, this article explores how the Mercury drew on musealization strategies to represent material objects to underline their existence and its own credibility. Interpellating readers as virtuosi, the Athenian Society staged the coffeehouse and even itself as a walk‐in curiosity cabinet, turning letters into matter and fiction into fact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Argumenta Philosophica is the property of Herder Editorial S.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The widespread popularity of digital technology has enabled the rapid dissemination of news. However, it has also led to the emergence of "fake news" and the development of a media ecosystem with serious prejudices. If early warnings about the source of fake news are received, this provides better outcomes in preventing its spread. Therefore, the issue of understanding and evaluating the credibility of media has received increasing attention. This work proposes a model of evaluating news media credibility called MiBeMC, which mimics the structure of human verification behavior in networks. Specifically, we first construct an intramodule information feature extractor to simulate the semantic analysis behavior of human information reading. Then, we design a similarity module to mimic the process of obtaining additional information. We also construct an aggregation module. This simulates human verification of correlated content. Finally, we apply regularized adversarial training strategy to train the MiBeMC model. The ablation study results demonstrate the effectiveness of MiBeMC. For the CLEF-task4 development and test dataset, the performance of the MiBeMC over state-of-the-art baseline methods is evaluated and found to be superior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista Signos is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

True crime narratives come in various medial forms. They all share the same subject crime - especially murder - but differ with respect to their self-understanding and the medial presentrulebook they rely on. While seemingly non-fictional, they oscillate between various selfattributions - journalistic or belletristic, truth-driven or mainly entertaining - or an amalgam reof these features, which is defined by the troubled relationship of fact and fiction. It is the challenging interplay of contexts which makes distinctrue crime narratives a highly interesting field charof investigation for transmedial working narratologists. This paper discusses the genre and its distinctive attributes by debating its status between factual-informing and fictional-enter-Estaining narrations, and taking its storytelling methods into focus, where true crime's troubled relationship of fact and fiction primarily evokes questions of (un-)reliability and trust-worthiness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Metafísica y Persona. Revista Sobre Filosofía, Conocimiento y Vida is the property of Universidad Popular Autonoma del Estado de Puebla A.C. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article deploys a rhetorical approach to fictionality and factuality to analyze how Julian Barnes builds the portraits of real individuals through these modes in The noise of time and The man in the red coat. Conceptualizing fictionality and factuality as rhetorical resources allows us to understand Barnes's writing as a separate form. His works foreground the limits and conventions of generic fiction, and he deliberately employs these resources as communicational strategies, subverting readers' expectations to both biographical and novelistic ends. Barnes uses the biographical mode as a resource for interpretive, affective, ethical, and aesthetic effects in fictional writing, taking his work beyond the novel proper. He also demonstrates the power of fictionality in nonfiction, which can be wielded as an effective tool for coming to terms with the uncertainties and difficulties of biography. In this sense, the novelistic narrative, and biographical craft on display in The noise of time and The man in the red coat enable Barnes to achieve the effect of truth-telling, which, in turn, strengthens generic assumptions about both fiction and fact in the story. Ultimately, his works blur the boundary between imagination and facts, and demand evaluation that takes into consideration the characteristics of both genres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For all its theoretical prominence, medium remains an elusive concept, because it is not an analytic category created by theoreticians to serve a specific purpose, but a word of natural language, and like most of the words of language it has multiple senses. One way to address the issue of media is through their relations to other concepts. In this article I focus on genres, facts and truth as bearers of particularly important relations to media for both epistemological and narratological reasons. In contrast to models that regard genres as members of a system distinguished from each other through homogeneous criteria, I conceive individual genres as elements of an unstructured, expandable, heterogeneous and ever-changing list. In this approach, genres are defined positively—by their semantic content, their formal rules, or their pragmatic function—and new genres develop when new needs arise for communication. Media can be defined as distinct modes of communication, while genres are distinct forms of expression within media. But this distinction does not offer a fool-proof criterion of distinction, and it is often difficult to distinguish media from genres, especially in digital textuality. Truth, or more precisely the ability to claim truth, is not a property common to all members of a certain medium, but rather one that creates distinctions within media, as well as between them. Language-based media, film, photography and audio recording have the greatest power to claim truth: language-based ones, because they can articulate propositions; recordings, because they are based on mechanical capture of auditive or visual data that exist in the world. But most media can be used to tell either factual or fictional stories (with some exceptions discussed in the paper). This variability does not occur on the level of genre: all texts of the same genre share the same status with respect to truth and fictionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural is the property of Sociedad Espanola para el Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nóesis: Revista de Ciencias Sociales is the property of Revista Noesis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mediterranean Journal of Communication / Revista Mediterránea de Comunicación is the property of Revista Mediterranea de Comunicacion / Mediterranean Journal of Communication and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Taking off from El prodigio de Alemania [The Wonder in Germany, 1634], a recently discovered collaborative play by Calderón and Coello about general Albrecht von Wallenstein, this article discusses the conception of factuality informing Golden Age dramatic representations of contemporaneous history. Vis-à-vis the recurrent critical disparagement of this type of drama as artistically inferior propaganda, I will demonstrate the dramatists' delicate handling of the breaking news about Wallenstein's death and their use of advanced aesthetic and performative devices to stimulate audience thinking about Wallenstein's destiny: Why did he become a traitor? Highlighting the subtle doublespeak informing especially the epilogue and the protagonist's great monologue, I will argue that the play is at once loyal and critical toward Habsburg policy: it follows the official explanation of the general's murder -- that he was planning high treason -- yet at the same time demonstrates an essentially interrogatory conception of factuality that invites reflection on what is historical "truth". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a method for studying the factuality of narrative as a rhetoric. The need for such a method is apparent in the so-called post-truth climate, which sees us witnessing debates about semantic chimeras like "alternative facts" and "fake news." The article arrives at its method by tackling challenges arising both in narrative theory and in fictionality studies. This involves developing models that let us take into account both the effects of local discursive features and the "macrogeneric" and "generic" frames guiding expectations about how communication is meant to work. The method is used in analysis of one of the controversial stories by the journalist Claas Relotius, who is currently being investigated in the forgery scandal of the magazine Der Spiegel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, works depicting a post-human world have become a popular non-fiction genre. This kind of disanthropy is an extreme form of apocalyptic thinking. In this article, I examine one such disanthropic narrative, Alan Weisman's bestselling non-fiction book The World Without Us (2007), using the theoretical framework of narrative fictionality studies. The World Without Us falls between the conventional oppositional pairing of factual and fictional narratives. The book bases its rhetoric heavily on scientific facts – or at least on scientific expectations – especially in its use of interviews with scientists. Nevertheless, the core idea of a world without humans is inevitably fictional since the presence of readers makes the book's premise manifestly counterfactual and paradoxical. In my analysis, I adopt a rhetorical approach to fictionality and factuality to ask how particular techniques and strategies connected to fictionality and factuality are employed in Weisman's text in order to discuss the anxieties, desires, hopes, and fears of the possibility of human extinction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Humanities Studies is the property of Zaporizhzhe State Engineering Academy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There are many reasons behind research on speculation and negation: there is a lot of irrelevant (nonfactual) information, and a huge changing with new discovering information may strengthen or weaken previous knowledge. Speculation and negation values are considered as one of the main factors which play an essential role to predict the factuality of event or sentence. Negation reverses the truth of a statement to give the opposition and speculation increase or decreases the uncertainty of statement. Recently, Deep Neural Networks (DNN) have proven better performance to distinguish factual from nonfactual information. Most previous approaches have been dedicated to the English language. To our knowledge, there is no previous developed research to identify the negative or speculative expression for biomedical texts in the Arabic language. This research will develop DNN-based Speculation and negation detection models that able to check claims (negated or speculated sentences) by considering syntactic paths between speculation or negation cues and the remaining words (candidates) in biomedical texts, using Stanford dependency parser. In this paper, the implemented models are evaluated based on the BIOARABIC corpus. Experiments on BIOARABIC corpus show that DNN models achieve a competitive performance and the Attention based Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory model achieves the best F-scores of 73.55. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract. The study investigates the semiotic and pragmatic limits of factuality from the perspective of the vulnerability of the "positive epistemic status" (described in contemporary epistemology through terms such as "knowledge", "guarantee" or "proof" of knowledge and "justified belief"). In contemporary epistemology this area of preoccupations is termed defeasibility. The analyses of this type (concerning defeasibility) approach the variety of opinions and especially, on the one hand, the situations in which the epistemic status of the opinions does not maintain over time (someone is justified to take as fact something at a certain moment, while at another comes to appreciate the same thing as less certain, or even as uncertain, by this the "fact" losing the factual status) or, on the other hand, the situations in which certain opinions undermine the chance at a positive epistemic status for other opinions (as it happens when new things are discovered and they sustain different views on the status of facts). I consider that the aspects correlated with defeasibility should be discussed in correlation with factualism, semiotics, pragmatism and fallibilism. In pragmatism and from the perspective opened by communicable knowledge, the facts and the theories are eventually just utterances found (sometimes in competition) within a relational universe as diverse as we might suppose - relating whatever is at a first glance imaginable or unimaginable, true or false, veridical or not etc. for as long as we can sustain, argue, prove, conceive, presuppose and communicate it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural is the property of Sociedad Espanola para el Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In addition to expressing a position, interventions in public debates are presented as interpretations of reality. The analysis of this factual dimension is conducted by taking the example of the disagreement between two philosophers, Michel Seymour and Jocelyn Maclure, about a link between the national question and the debate on secularism in Quebec. After exposure of their views, are highlighted the factual aspects they involve. They are then characterized as part of an interpretation of social reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the evolution of television newscasts in Quebec since the 1960s. The aim is to show that television news, while anchoring its discourse in factuality, makes more and more room for an analytical and interpretative discourse, particularly through processes of contextualization and problematization of events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although narrative journalism has a long history in the Netherlands, it is in recent years being promoted as a ‘new’ genre. This study examines the motives underlying this promotional tactic. To that end, we analyze how narrative journalism is framed in (1) public expressions of the initiatives aimed at professionalization of the genre and (2) interviews with journalists and lecturers in journalism programs. Results indicate that in public discourse on narrative journalism, the genre is framed as moving, essential, and as high quality journalism. These frames indicate that the current promotion of narrative journalism as ‘new’ can be seen as a strategy that journalists apply to withstand the pressures they are facing in the competition with new media. These frames are deepened in the interviews with lecturers and practitioners, who frame narrative journalism as a dangerous game, a paradigm shift, and as the Holy Grail. These frames indicate that narrative journalism is regarded as the highest achievable goal for journalists, but that its practice comes with dangers and risks: it tempts journalists to abandon the traditional principles of objectivity and factuality, which can ultimately cause journalism to lose its credibility and authority. We discuss these findings in terms of boundary work and reflect on implications for narrative journalism’s societal function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Born in Braşov in 1974, the novelist Ursula Ackrill has graduated her studies in the Romanian "Andrei Saguna" Highschool in Sibiu, Romanian Orthodox Theology, as well as German Studies at the University in Bucharest. She lives in the United Kingdom where she has obtained in 2003 a PhD in philology from the University of Leicester with a thesis on Christa Wolf. She debuted with the novel Zeiden, im Januar [Codlea in January] in 2015, being shortlisted in the same year for the Prize of the Leipzig Book Fair. The theme of the novel is the relationship of the German community in Romania with the German Nazi party, but it also refers to the two extremist currents present in Romania in the interwar period: Emeuerungsbewegung (Renewal Movement) and the Legionary Movement. The present article focuses on the analysis of the novel in terms of the fictional and factual; and in my opinion, we have a type of postmodern narrative, the best concept describing it being metahistoriographicalJictionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Felsefe ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi (FLSF) is the property of Felsefe ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi (FLSF) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Born in Braşov in 1974, the novelist Ursula Ackrill has graduated her studies in Romanian "Andrei Şaguna" Highschool in Sibiu, Romanian Orthodox Theology and German Studies at the University in Bucharest- lives in the United Kingdom where she has obtained in 2003 a PhD in philology from the University of Leicester with a thesis on Christa Wolf. She debuted with the novel Zeiden, im Januar [Codlea in January] in 2015, while being in the same year on the Shortlist Prize of the Leipzig Book Fair. The theme of the novel is the relationship of the German community in Romania with the German Nazi party, but also refers to the two extremist currents present in Romania in the interwar period: Erneuerungsbewegung (Renewal Movement) and the Legionary Movement. The present article focuses on the analysis of the novel in terms of the fictional and factual; and in my opinion, we have a type of postmodern narrative, the best concept describing it being metahistoriographical fictionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nasleđe is the property of University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Philology & Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present study joins the long-running debate about the semantic- pragmatic distinction of the three domains of epistemic modality, evidentiality, and factuality. In particular, this work aims at providing both a theoretical and operational framework to investigate what type of speech act is at stake when a speaker/writer alternatively decides to mark a proposition as an epistemic modal, an evidential, or a factual construction. In fact, three basic types of illocutionary force will be shown to determine the modal marking of a constative speech act: evaluational (EvF(p)), presentative (PrF(p)), and assertive (AsF(p)) force. This classification is based on a set of tests that can effectively address either grammaticalized constructions or pragmatic strategies, independent from the specificity of the item under enquiry. This approach is first used to disentangle the controversial meaning of MUST-type predicates and then further theorized as a speech-act based framework of epistemic disambiguation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The idea of there being 'no fact of the matter' (NFM) features centrally in Quine's indeterminacy theses. Yet there has been little discussion of how exactly Quine understands this idea. In this paper I identify, develop and then critically evaluate Quine's conception of NFM. In Sects. 3-4 I consider a handful of intuitive semantic and ontological conceptions of NFM and argue that none is workable from within Quine's philosophy. I conclude that the failure of each of these proposals is due to the immanent status of truth and existence for Quine. In Sect. 5 I then present Quine's official conception of NFM. Briefly, Quine's idea is that there is NFM between two theories of (say) translation iff those theories are physically equivalent. I develop this idea in detail. Finally, I raise two independent problems for this conception of NFM. In Sect. 6 I argue that Quine's definition is too strong: given what he means by NFM, his arguments for indeterminacy-even granting all their premises and internal reasoning-simply cannot support his claim that there is NFM regarding translation; instead they establish a strictly weaker conclusion. In Sect. 7 I argue that Quine's conception of NFM is in significant tension with his thesis of physicalism, and that he must give up one or the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a gradient redefinition of the notion of factuality, here intended as a dynamic continuum unfolding through several epistemic levels. In this respect, the speaker/writer’s increasing certainty upon the realization of an event or situation is here as factualization. Factualization is a conceptual phenomenon determined by an embodied mechanism (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980, 1999; Lakoff, 1987, 2003; Grush, 2004; Gallese & Lakoff, 2005) of cyclic acquisition and control with respect to a new proposition P. Being a form of subjectification (Traugott, 1989, 1995, 2003, 2010, 2012; Traugott & Dasher, 2002), factualization occurs as the semasiological reanalysis of an epistemic construction. Drawing on Langacker’s (1991, 2008, 2009) notion of the ‘epistemic control cycle’ (see also Kan, Teubner-Rhodes, Drummey, Nutile, Krupa, & Novick, 2013, on cognitive control), I claim and demonstrate that epistemic predicates originally conveying weak certainty towards a proposition P diachronically develop an increasingly factual meaning conveying more and more frequently a subjected form of certainty. This phenomenon is first shown through a qualitative and quantitative corpus analysis from the BNC,1 which provides a measurable account of the various degrees of polysemy of the three epistemic predicates I think, I believe, and I reckon. In addition, I discuss the results of a diachronic corpus survey from the diaCoris on the factualization process of (Io) penso ‘I think’ in Modern Italian during the last 150 years, showing how the contemporary usage of (Io) penso is notably more oriented towards absolute factuality than it was 150 years earlier. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In view of the different opinions of documentologists about documents we believe that the debate about this entity is not over yet. The document is a unique social phenomenon that deserves separate in-depth study. Attempts to combine it with the book in one object of scientific knowledge have not yet been successful: they have not been theoretically substantiated and practically justified. The purpose of this paper is to show the differences between the book and the document as different social phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present the annotation scheme used in the SenSem corpora (SSC), for Spanish and Catalan, to codify information regarding aspectuality, modality, polarity and factuality. As regards aspectuality, the most relevant contribution is the codification of information about dynamicity, telicity and iterativity. Regarding factuality, we present a more fine-grained annotation of uncertainty as applied to the identification of impossible events, completely uncertain events and neutral uncertain events. Although information about factuality in Spanish has been provided elsewhere, the Catalan SSC is the only corpus to do so for Catalan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines news agency journalists' stance on Affect, in view of the journalistic ideals of factuality and objectivity. News journalists resort to Affect values quite frequently; in hard news reports, however, journalists' own emotions have to be excluded. Recently, Peter White and other scholars have introduced the term ‘observed’ Affect as opposed to ‘authorial’ Affect, to distinguish between Affect which is attributed to some third party and Affect which is the journalist's. I find that term too broad, and suggest the following, more sophisticated taxonomy: Affect is first divided into two subtypes, attributed and non-attributed. Both attributed and non-attributed Affect have three subcategories: observed, interpreted and constructed. Attributed Affect includes a fourth subcategory: experienced Affect. To demonstrate how these new tools can be applied to the analysis of news discourse, examples from Associated Press and Reuters news agency dispatches are explored. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

While the language that majorities use to convey ethnic attitudes to members of their own group has received significant scholarly attention in countries such as Australia, New Zealand, the Netherlands and the USA, the ways in which people of colour actually experience prejudice have been largely ignored. Drawing upon interviews with one young black woman in the south of England, this paper presents findings concerning the patterns of talk and the rhetorical strategies followed to recount experiences of differential treatment. The analysis, inspired by a critical discursive approach, points to the negative construction of the majority group and identifies a number of recurring devices used to bolster the facticity of the accounts. These include the presentation and quoting of self and others, the explicit invocation of category entitlements and the use of extreme case formulations, particularly in anticipation of non-sympathetic hearings. Given the prohibitions on making accusations of racism, the paper culminates with a discussion on factuality which this research attributes to the presence of the white interviewer. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Copyright of Discursos Fotográficos is the property of Discursos Fotograficos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study focuses on the discussion of 1Malaysia, Malaysia's latest national blueprint for unity and identity, in the New Straits Times (NST), Malaysia's oldest and state-owned English language print media. We examine the means by which NST has constructed the latest political venture in forging a national identity, while negotiating the various challenges to such an undertaking. Employing the critical discourse analysis (CDA) approach, we look at distinctive nomination and predication patterns as well as the occurrence of high and low factuality. This is conducted primarily through an analysis of social actors, their predication and modality to show how these contribute to the construction of the 1Malaysia ideology. Findings suggest that the signifier of 1Malaysia serves not only as a reference point for discussing subjects of concern to reformists, but also provides opportunities for the newspaper to hold institutions to account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Documentary practices become popular in times of crises; consequently, they have experienced a revival in the last two decades. This paper looks at the role of documentary practices in conveying the current wars, especially as they are applied by artists. I am not interested in stirring the traditional discourse on whether or not documentary practice is inherently un-artistic. Instead, I ask why artists today rely on documentary methodology and create archives while demonstrating an awareness of the prevalent "documentary uncertainty." Artists Thomas Hirschhorn and Sean Snyder pursue opposite approaches in putting together archives of images of the current wars in Iraq and Afghanistan that they retrieve from social network databases of professional as well as amateur sources. Hirschhorn accrues graphic photos of mutilations and atrocities that are usually withheld from the Western public, while Snyder excludes these images of violence and instead collects representations of banal everyday life in the war zone which does not seem to differ much from our unharmed lives. What are the implications of these artists' strategies? While war photographers and amateurs engage in a relentless image production, artists suggest a critique of our unwavering belief in information. Employing documentary practices, they question the implied features like truth, reality, factuality, and objectivity at the same time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Digital Education Review is the property of University of Barcelona, Virtual Teaching & Learning Research Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper provides a comprehensive description and a novel analysis of the temporal meanings of got in Singlish. We argue that the primary role of got is neither tense nor aspect but that of the realis modality, and that temporal meanings follow from got being a realis modality marker. It is suggested that this connection between modal and temporal meanings is enabled by the choice of factuality in defining the realis and the embedding of a situation within a state, which creates 'derived-level statives'. A proper representation of derived-level statives is proposed within the framework of Smith's (1997) two-component theory of aspect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The profound narrativization of contemporary culture in the large-scale 'Narrative Turn' forces narratology to leave the paradigm established on the study of the novel, and a general narratology that embraces all kinds of narratives is urgently called for. The 'fundamental retrospectiveness' for the definition of the narrative becomes an obstacle for such a narratology. This essay proposes a new definition for the minimal narrative by removing the 'recounting' part, and, based on the new definition, an all-narrative typology as distinguished by three criteria: factuality/fictionality, media, and moods (intentional temporality). Finally the essay attempts a detailed analysis of the live television news since they occupy an important position in today's culture and emphasizes that the uncertainty of the plot could lead to recycling of intention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the subtitle, ‘La novela de la memoria’, which prefaces the Spanish poet José Manuel Caballero Bonald's memoirs, Tiempo de guerras perdidas and La costumbre de vivir. It considers how this enigmatic phrase may help the reader to understand what exactly Caballero Bonald aims to represent in his autobiography. Many critics have argued that autobiography is doomed to factual inaccuracy. This article discusses whether an author can produce a more verisimilar account of his or her life by acknowledging this in order honestly, yet fictionally, to rewrite episodes from the past. Initially, in an attempt to understand ‘La novela de la memoria’, it considers what autobiography is, drawing on a number of theorists, most importantly Philippe Lejeune. It then focuses on intentionality and factuality within autobiography as a genre and, more specifically, within Caballero Bonald's work. By reflecting on the representation of fact and fiction in Tiempo de guerras perdidas and La costumbre de vivir, it moves beyond current views that emphasize their literary quality and focuses on the author's desire to express the complexity of memory through their content. Ultimately, it demonstrates how ‘La novela de la memoria’ is something other than autobiography – a representation of the past in which Caballero Bonald accesses the essence of his memories and of the self. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In which ways does the pursuit for objectivity influence the quality of news reporting? The present paper presents a content analysis of news starting from this particular research question and focussing on the relationship between journalistic theory and praxis in two distinct cultural areas, that is Germany and Romania. Texts belonging to the text category 'news' found in issues of "Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung" and "Süddeutsche Zeitung" on one hand and "Evenimentul Zilei" and "Jurnalul Natiional" on the other are discussed in contrast to each other. An interesting case, which is also investigated, is that of the hybrid newspaper "Allgemeine deutsche Zeitung für Rumänien", published in Romania but in the German language. The contrastive analysis reveals that the Romanian texts belonging to a cultural area in which objectivity is mainly interpreted as intersubjectivity lack rather of factuality, whereas the German texts belonging to a cultural area in which objectivity is mainly interpreted as factuality contain complete information, thus assuring the autonomy of the texts and consequently guaranteeing the autonomy of the readers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this paper, we investigate two scientific articles at opposite ends of the MMR debate—Wakefield et al. (1998) (which started the debate) and Taylor et al. (1999)—and four media articles published to inform the public of the results of these two scientific studies. Because people need to assess truth claims about health risks, communicators seek to establish their believability in two ways: authority (i.e., the attribution of scientific claims to sources that may be perceived as believable because of their status) and factuality (i.e., the moderating, limiting, or highlighting of truth claims). The importance of authority was confirmed by the media texts' preference for direct quotes and messages about what people ought to do, especially at the beginning of the debate. Our most significant find, however, relates to two important indicators of factuality: avoidance of vague references and high use of epistemic modals, where Wakefield et al. displays a pattern not at all different from the media texts and opposite to that expected from a scientific text. That Wakefield et al. stands out in the majority of indicators investigated is of interest in view of its controversial position in the MMR debate and worthy of further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking Hunston's (1994) model of evaluation in written academic discourse as a point of departure, this paper explores the ways in which experts in Greek television studio discussion programs evaluate the ‘status’ of their statements on-line in terms of the truth and reliability ascribed to them. Analytically, the evaluation of status is examined by studying the type of statements (factual vs. nonfactual) and modal elements (absent, high, low) used in expert turns. Through both qualitative analysis and quantitative findings, it is shown that experts modulate the factuality and modality design of their talk so as to attend to an important aspect of the mediated context at hand: the institutional goals of communication aimed at by different programs. More specifically, in the adversarial context of debates, experts recurrently draw on factual statements, specific types of nonfactual statements, and high modality, thus constructing credible versions of reality and shaping their identity as authoritative and knowledgeable public speakers. By contrast, in informational discussions, experts use nonfactual statements and low modal elements much more often and, in this way, orient to the supportive environment of talk and the preference for consensus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]