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In vitro mutagenesis offers a feasible approach for developing new orchid cultivars through genetic manipulation. In the present study, protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) were exposed to gamma rays (10, 20, 40, 60, 80 Gy) to study in vitro growth responses and induction of mutants in Dendrobium 'Emma White'. Both proliferation and regeneration of PLBs decreased progressively with increasing doses, except for a significantly enhanced growth response at 10 Gy. The optimal dose of gamma radiation for mutagenesis was found in the range 10 to 25 Gy based on the growth reduction curve. Analysis using a high-throughput cell analyzer revealed a significant reduction in nuclear DNA content at > 40 Gy doses. At 10 Gy treatment, the growth attributes, such as root length, plant height and leaf number, were significantly increased by 36%, 26% and 20%, respectively, compared to the control. This increase was significant over other tested doses as well. Testing of random amplified polymorphic DNA markers revealed the presence of detectable polymorphism among gamma mutant plantlets with a polymorphism information content value at 0.41. The gamma-ray-induced earliness in flower development was observed within 294 days post ex vitro growth of 10 Gy mutant compared to the control plants flowered after 959 days. Our results highlight the significance of gamma radiation in inducing enhanced growth, morphological variations and early floral initiation in Dendrobium, providing a basic framework for mutation breeding and improvement of orchids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

B Cover: b Optical cross-sectional images of the cold rolled alloy 699XA ( =cold rolling level) and pits after metal dusting exposure: a) without etching, b) with etching to highlight grain boundaries and carburized zones. More detailed information can be found in: I Emma White, Clara Schlereth, Maren Lepple, Heike Hattendorf, Benedikt Nowak, Mathias C. Galetz i , Influence of surface treatment on the metal dusting behavior of Alloy 699 XA, I Materials and Corrosion i B 2023 b , I 74 i , 190. The top layer on all samples is galvanic Ni-plating for cross-sectional preparation [labeled in the b) 2% image] and is especially clear over the pits in the 2, 10 and 50% cold rolled samples. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses various abstracts presented at the Neurocritical Care Society's 22nd Annual Meeting in 2024, covering topics such as brain oxygen optimization, sedation use in neurologic coma patients, glymphatic system in post-traumatic epilepsy, and withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy in traumatic brain injury cases. The lack of consistent information on brain death determination on state health organization websites underscores the need for standardized education in this area. Studies on intracranial hemorrhage in chronic myeloid leukemia patients, delirium in subarachnoid hemorrhage patients, and EEG networks in nonagenarians with dementia provide valuable insights into improving patient outcomes in neurocritical care. The CRANBeRI-ML algorithm shows promise in guiding post-operative care decisions for patients undergoing elective craniotomy for brain tumors. The study evaluating AHA/ASA guidelines for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and primary intracerebral hemorrhage highlights the need for improvement in evidence and recommendations in these areas. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Arab Journal for Scientific Publishing is the property of Research & Development of Human Recourses Center (REMAH) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Christian nationalism has emerged as an important component of the relationship between religious identities and political attitudes. While several studies have analyzed the constellation of Christian nationalist elites and the effects of Christian nationalist orientations on public opinion, to date no study has explored how Christian nationalist elites message to the public or what effects these messages have. Moreover, the current literature lacks comparisons of Christian nationalism to other similar orientations. This study uses content analysis to compare the content and use of emotion language of Facebook messages of Christian nationalist, Christian Christian nationalism (CN) opposition, and patriotic groups. I find that these groups focus posts on issues that are stereotypical to the group identity, and that the use of emotion language differs by topic and group type. Additionally, groups' use of emotion language shifts the emotional responses of readers, especially in Christian nationalist groups. This study adds to our understanding of the role of emotion in social media communications and the effects of social media communications on readers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Alexandria Journal of Food Science & Technology is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Student participation is essential in improving the quality of education. The Children's Council is a student participation body in school governance. This body promotes student engagement in their learning and with the school. The school under study considers this Children's Council as an essential element of its educational project and new governance. The Children's Council is a successful particular reality in a socially vulnerable context that requires an intrinsic case study. This study describes the functioning of the Children's Council as a strategy that gives children a voice in the school's decision-making process and identifies barriers and difficulties in its implementation. Interviews were used to collect the voices of the participants in order to learn more comprehensively about the implementation and benefits of the Children's Council in the school. Among the results, it is highlighted that the council has been a fundamental participatory body at the organizational level to transform school governance and promote methodological change in the classroom. It can be concluded that the formation of a Children's Council has had a positive impact on the process of school transformation and improvement. Schoolchildren feel that they are listened to and have a real space for participation in the school's decision-making process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RNASET2-deficient leukodystrophy is a rare infantile white matter disorder mimicking a viral infection and resulting in severe psychomotor impairments. Despite its severity, there is little understanding of cellular mechanisms of pathogenesis and no treatments. Recent research using the rnaset2 mutant zebrafish model has suggested that microglia may be the drivers of the neuropathology, due to their failure to digest apoptotic debris during neurodevelopment. Therefore, we developed a strategy for microglial replacement through transplantation of adult whole kidney marrow-derived macrophages into embryonic hosts. Using live imaging, we revealed that transplant-derived macrophages can engraft within host brains and express microglia-specific markers, suggesting the adoption of a microglial phenotype. Tissue-clearing strategies revealed the persistence of transplanted cells in host brains beyond embryonic stages. We demonstrated that transplanted cells clear apoptotic cells within the brain, as well as rescue overactivation of the antiviral response otherwise seen in mutant larvae. RNA sequencing at the point of peak transplant-derived cell engraftment confirms that transplantation can reduce the brain-wide immune response and particularly, the antiviral response, in rnaset2-deficient brains. Crucially, this reduction in neuroinflammation resulted in behavioral rescue--restoring rnaset2 mutant motor activity to wild-type (WT) levels in embryonic and juvenile stages. Together, these findings demonstrate the role of microglia as the cellular drivers of neuropathology in rnaset2 mutants and that macrophage transplantation is a viable strategy for microglial replacement in the zebrafish. Therefore, microglia-targeted interventions may have therapeutic benefits in RNASET2-deficient leukodystrophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to develop an effective in vitro protocol for germinating and multiplying Dendrobium moschatum seeds by identifying optimal concentrations of plant growth regulators for shoot proliferation and root formation. Five different MS media formulations were utilized, including a control (M1) and those supplemented with varying concentrations of kinetin and NAA (M2, M3, M4) and BAP (M5). Results showed significant variation in seed germination time across media, with the longest duration observed in M4 (76 days) and the shortest in M1 (55 days). Protocorm formation and plantlet development were quickest in M1, while M3 and M5 exhibited the longest duration. The initiation of leaves or shoots occurred earliest in M3 (103 days) and latest in M5 (149 days). Notably, leaf and plantlet growth differed between three- and five-month intervals, with M3 demonstrating optimal growth over the longer term. These findings underscore the importance of carefully balanced plant growth regulator concentrations in achieving successful seed germination and subsequent growth in D. moschatum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the importance of plant biotechnology in crop improvement to address challenges in food production, climate change, and food security. It highlights the role of traditional breeding and biotechnologies like genomics and genome-editing in developing new crop varieties with desirable traits. The article specifically focuses on cereal crops, pulses, and root and tuber crops, discussing their contributions to agriculture and food security. It also explores breeding techniques, genetic improvements, and biotechnological approaches used to enhance crop productivity and nutritional value. The document further discusses advancements in breeding techniques for various crops, including ornamental plants, and highlights the use of biotechnology in improving crop cultivars through induced mutations and genetic transformation. [Extracted from the article]

Thermal traits, or how an animal responds to changing temperatures, impacts species persistence and thus biodiversity. Trait databases, as repositories of consolidated, measured organismal attributes, allow researchers to link study species with specific trait values, enabling comparisons within and among species. Trait databases also help lay the groundwork to build mechanistic linkages between organisms and the environment. However, missing or hidden physiological trait data preclude building mechanistic estimates of climate change vulnerability for many species. Thus, physiologically focused trait databases present an opportunity to consolidate data and enable species-specific or multispecies, mechanistic evaluations of climate change vulnerability. Here, we present TRAD: thermal traits of anurans database for the southeastern United States, a database of thermal trait values related to physiological thermoregulation (critical thermal minima and maxima, preferred temperature), behavioral thermoregulation (activity period, retreat emergence temperature, basking temperature, minimum and maximum foraging temperatures), and body mass for 37 anuran species found within the southeastern United States. In total, TRAD contains 858 reported trait values for 37 of 40 species found in the region from 267 peer-reviewed papers, dissertations, or theses and is easily linked with trait data available in ATraiU, an ecological trait database for anurans in the United States. TRAD contains trait values for multiple life stages and a summarization of interspecific adult trait values. Availability of trait data varied widely among traits and species. Estimates of mass were the most common trait values reported, with values available for 32 species. Behavioral trait values comprised 23% of our database, with activity period available for 34 species. We found the most trait values for Cope's Gray Treefrog (Dryophytes chrysoscelis), with at least one trait value for eight traits in the database. Conversely, species in the genus Pseudacris generally had the fewest trait values available. Species with the largest geographic range sizes also had the greatest coverage of data across traits (rho 5 0.75, P, 0.001). TRAD can aid studies of anuran response to changing temperatures, physiological niche space and limitations, and potential drivers of anuran geographic range limits, influencing our understanding of other ecological and evolutionary patterns and processes and enabling multispecies comparisons of potential risk and resilience in the face of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study uses inflorescence stalk node as explants to establish an efficient and quick Phalaenopsis orchids cloning procedure for the most significant monopodial orchid in floriculture, without callus formation. The current study aimed to develop a rapid and easy regeneration process utilizing flower stalk nodes as explants, while also evaluating the clonal fidelity of the in vitro micropropagated plants through the analysis of RAPD markers. The tissue-cultured plantlets were grown on a solidified half-strength Murashig and Skoog (MS) base medium enriched with 15% coconut water (CW), 150 mg L−1 activated charcoal, and a mixture of 6-benzylaminopurine, BAP (cytokinins) and α-napthalene acetic acid, NAA and indole 3-butyric acid, IBA (auxins). After 14 weeks of growth, the early production of shoot bud was reported in ½ MS medium enriched with 2.5 mg L−1 BAP alone. Maximum shoot bud multiplication was observed in ½ MS fortified with BAP (2.5 mg L−1) + NAA (1.0 mg L−1), while the lowest was observed in 1.5 mg L−1 BAP + 0.5 mg L−1 IBA after 4 months of culturing. In this investigation, roots emerged simultaneously with shoot elongation from the axil, indicating the absence of a distinct rooting stage. The largest number of roots (3.25) was produced by BAP (2.5 mg L−1) + IBA (1.0 mg L−1) compared to NAA. Control, on the other hand, displayed no signs of root growth. Tissue cultured plantlets with well developed root systems while planted in a potting mixture of brick and charcoal (1: 1) resulted in a 70% survival rate during hardening. The clonal faithfulness of in vitro regenerated crop plantlets to the mother plant was demonstrated by the DNA extraction method with ten micropropagated plants’ young leaves as well as the mother plant using random amplification of a polymorphic DNA marker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]