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Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration is a key indicator for assessing the eutrophication level in water bodies. However, accurately inverting Chl-a concentrations in optically complex coastal waters presents a significant challenge for traditional models. To address this, we employed Sentinel-2 MSI sensor data and leveraged the power of five machine learning models, including a convolutional neural network (CNN), to enhance the inversion process in the coastal waters near Hong Kong. The CNN model demonstrated superior performance with on-site data validation, outperforming the other four models (R2 = 0.810, RMSE = 1.165 μg/L, MRE = 35.578%). The CNN model was employed to estimate Chl-a concentrations from images captured over the study area in April and October 2022, resulting in the creation of a thematic map illustrating the spatial distribution of Chl-a levels. The map indicated high Chl-a concentrations in the northeast and southwest areas of Hong Kong Island and low Chl-a concentrations in the southeast facing the open sea. Analysis of patch size effects on CNN model accuracy indicated that 7 × 7 and 9 × 9 patches yielded the most optimal results across the tested sizes. Shapley additive explanations were employed to provide post-hoc interpretations for the best-performing CNN model, highlighting that features B6, B12, and B8 were the most important during the inversion process. This study can serve as a reference for developing machine learning models to invert water quality parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) have attracted significant attention as alternatives to lithium-ion batteries. In this case, vanadium pentoxide is a promising cathode material for aqueous zinc ion batteries. However, the small interlayer spacing of traditional vanadium oxide cathodes results in poor electrochemical performances, while their complex preparation steps also limit their applications. Herein, a simple and effective hydrothermal method was developed for the synthesis of K+ and H2O intercalated vanadium pentoxide (KVOH), which was realized by hydrogen peroxide-induced conversion from the vanadium oxide phase to a hydrated vanadium oxide phase. This bi-intercalated structure possesses a large interlayer spacing (10.2 Å), promoting the embedding and detachment of Zn2+. The enhanced diffusion kinetics was explained by the fact that the intercalated water shields the electrostatic interactions between Zn2+ and the vanadium oxide skeleton, which was demonstrated by the bonding distribution in the molecular structure of KVOH. The strong electronegativity of K+, strong K–O bonding, and the pillar interaction of K+ synergistically enhanced the structural stability and ionic diffusion kinetics (6.13 × 10−14 cm2 s−1, which is two orders of magnitude higher compared with V2O5). KVOH showed excellent capacity and rate performance, with a discharge specific capacity of up to 414.7 mA h g−1 (95.9%) at a current density of 0.1 A g−1 and up to 284 mA h g−1 (76.4%) after 800 cycles at a high current density of 1 A g−1. The present work provides an effective solution for the construction of vanadium-based cathode materials for ZIBs as well as for the development of high-efficiency aqueous energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The inconsistent results shown in previous group faultline research have created a need for investigating the underlying mechanisms of the faultline's effects. This study focuses on clarifying the competing mediating roles of information diversity and team conflict in the nonlinear relationship between board faultlines (BF) and decision quality. Design/methodology/approach: This study is empirically tested with the questionnaire data from 105 Chinese listed companies. Findings: This study finds: (1) an inverted U-shaped curve relationship between BF and board decision quality and (2) that the joint mediating effect of team conflict and information diversity leads to the inverted U-shaped curve relationship between BF and decision quality. Specifically, BF shows a U-shaped curve relationship with team conflict and an inverted U-shaped curve relationship with information diversity. Either too weak or too strong faultlines will inhibit the positive effects of information diversity and amplify the negative effects of team conflicts, leading to low-quality decisions. Originality/value: This study contributes to the research on: (1) board governance as it clarifies the effect of BF on the board decision-making process and its quality, which helps to open the black box of board decision-making and (2) group faultlines as it reveals how information diversity and team conflict can play a joint mediating role in the functioning of team faultlines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To meet the increasing demand for energy storage, it is urgent to develop high-voltage lithium-ion batteries. The electrolyte’s electrochemical window is a crucial factor that directly impacts its electrochemical performance at high-voltage. Currently, the most common high-voltage cathode material is LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO). This paper aims to match LNMO cathode material to develop an electrolyte with stable electrochemical performance under high-voltage. Fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) and lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate (LiDFOB) are studied as co-solvent and additive components in LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) high-voltage electrolyte, respectively. This paper reports an increase in the electrochemical window from the original 4.3 to 5.5 V through the synergistic effect of two additives. The two additives also promote the formation of CEI layers on the cathode surfaces. This film acts as a protective barrier, safeguarding the electrode material’s structure from potential damage. After undergoing 100 cycles at a temperature of 25 °C, the rate of capacity retention can achieve a value of 75.1%; after 50 cycles at 40 °C, it can reach 78.2%. Our work offers guidance for the commercial production of high-performance, high-voltage lithium-ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Catalytic cracking of low-value oil fractions over ZSM-5 zeolites is a vital processing method for the manufacture of light olefins as critical building blocks in the petrochemical industry. Exploring novel zeolite engineering technologies that allow for better access to active sites and an optimized flow regime has long been one of the most important issues among scientific topics as well as in industrial practices. Herein, a monolith zeolitic catalyst with highly accessible active sites for enhanced catalytic cracking was fabricated by in situ crystal engineering on a digital light processing (DLP) 3D-printed woodpile scaffold. By anchoring crystal seeds onto the scaffold, a thick layer of ZSM-5 nanocrystals (ca. 60 μm) was in situ created on the monolith surface with the assistance of hydrothermal treatment, forming monolith zeolitic catalysts (MC-Z) with a high crystallinity of 41.2%. Such a high ZSM-5 loading on the 3D-printed scaffold surface enabled more acid sites to be accessible in catalytic reactions. In addition, a remarkable mass transfer advantage was revealed in the fabricated monolith zeolitic catalysts owing to their radial interconnected channels. The monolith zeolitic catalyst demonstrated superior activity in 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene (TIPB) and n-octane cracking reactions. This strategy can be extended to other catalytic systems requiring highly accessible active sites to achieve further catalytic efficiency improvement as well as process intensification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of acetylation on the physicochemical properties of chickpea starch was studied. After the chickpea starch was acetylated, the basic properties were measured. When the degree of substitution (DS) was 0.1004 and the temperature was 95 °C, the solubility and swelling power of starch were 19.6% and 21.4 g/g, respectively. The freeze–thaw stability of acetylated starch paste increased with the increase in the degree of substitution. The surface morphology of starch granules changed, but the crystalline morphology did not change, and the C-type crystalline structure was still maintained. There are three new absorption peaks in the infrared spectroscopy of starch, and the -COCH3 group was introduced. With the increase in DS, the viscosity of esterified chickpea starch decreased gradually. Compared with unmodified chickpea starch, the ability to form gel was poor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the high-voltage cathode materials have been gradually developed, of which the lithium-rich manganese-based cathode materials (LRM) can reach more than 5.0 V (vs. Li+/Li), but there are very few electrolytes matched with the LRM. Herein, we have designed a modified electrolytes containing FEC and LiDFOB additives which has a high oxidation potential beyond 5.0 V (vs. Li+/Li), which perfectly matches the LRMs. When FEC and LiDFOB were added to the basic electrolyte, at 25 and 40 °C, the LRM has excellent cycling stability in the voltage range of 2.5–5.0 V. The capacity retention rate of the LRM/Li battery after 200 cycles was 66.5% at 25 °C, and 68.7% after 100 cycles at 40 °C. The first cycle discharge specific capacity of each system exceeds 200 mAh/g. In contrast, the capacity retention rate of lithium-ion batteries using basic electrolytes is merely 53.6 and 67.6% after cycling at 25 and 40 °C. In this work, the modified electrolytes can perfectly match the LRM at the high temperature and voltage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for monitoring vital signs of a human body, i.e., Wireless body sensor networks (WBSNs), has attained significant attention. The realization of WBSNs has cemented its place among a wide range of communication networks for monitoring various postures of a human being. One of the fundamental ways to increase athletes' competitive level in modern sports is to accurately analyze aerobics workout postures using technical tools. The current generative models of three-dimensional (3D) human motion performs poorly and faces difficulties in analyzing the new movements of an athlete. Therefore, accurate prediction and analysis of aerobics training pose need to be made in real-time. This study uses deep learning (DL) and WBSN approaches to build artificial intelligence (AI)-based system for predicting and analyzing athletes' posture. The solution uses an Arduino embedded development board as the basis, equipped with multiple inertial measurement units (IMUs) and vision sensors. Further, using stepper motors in combination, a system for collecting accurate human motion data such as velocity and acceleration is established. The proposed configuration yields accurate data on human motion. This study builds a DL model based on the symmetric, time-scale, and structural coding to identify human motion models precisely. These models' performance was assessed in terms of classification error using the H3.5 M and CMU datasets. The experimental results verify the functional performance of the system, and the comparison with the existing latest encoder-recurrent-decoder (ERD) classification algorithms shows that the system has a low classification error and high real-time performance, which has good prospects for secondary development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the use of the cold snare technique with clipping as a promising alternative treatment for duodenal angioectasia, a condition characterized by abnormal blood vessels in the mucosal and submucosal layers of the duodenum. The traditional treatment, argon plasma coagulation, carries risks such as pneumoperitoneum and perforation, making the need for safer options crucial. The article presents a case study of a 77-year-old woman with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding, where the cold snare technique effectively controlled bleeding and facilitated lesion removal without complications. The authors emphasize the importance of considering anatomical features in devising treatment strategies and commend the authors of the original article for contributing to the knowledge in this area. [Extracted from the article]

The wall implanted with heat pipes overcomes the contradiction between building energy efficiency and wall insulation by transferring the radiant heat from the sun to room during heating season and transferring the heat from room to outside during cooling season. This paper establishes the dynamic thermal transfer model of wall implanted with heat pipes (WIHP) in summer and simulates the dynamic heat transfer process. As revealed by the results, WIHP works 6.2 hours per day on average during the cold season. The rise in the average heat transfer from indoor to outdoor was measured to be 16.66 W/m2, and the surface temperature was found to drop by 2°C on average as compared to the conventional wall. In comparison, the new wall exhibited an improved capability in terms of heat dissipation, indicating that it was effective in lowering energy consumption and boosting indoor thermal comfort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MoS2-based hybrids have aroused great interest for their outstanding performance in the application fields of biochemical sensing, catalysis and energy storage. Herein, we present a facile strategy to fabricate hierarchical microtubes by cultivating a MoS2 sheet-like nanostructure on polypyrrole microtubes (designated as PPy@MoS2 microtubes) using MoO3@PPy micro-cables as self-sacrificial templates. Such a dissolution–regrowth mechanism is demonstrated for the formation of hierarchical PPy@MoS2 microtubes by studying the morphology of the intermediate products in the process of the sulfidation reaction. The PPy microtubes are able to effectively improve the electrical conductivity of the hybrid architecture and greatly alleviate the agglomeration of the MoS2 nanosheets. Notably, the sheet-like MoS2 nanostructure can load more noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) owing to MoS2 released photogenerated electrons irradiated by light. Then, metal (Ag, Au, and Pd) NPs are reduced and in situ decorated on PPy@MoS2 microtubes, thus forming ternary PPy@MoS2@Ag, Au, and Pd nanohybrids, respectively. This decoration method also expands the wide range of application fields of PPy@MoS2. As a proof of application, the ternary PPy@MoS2@Au hybrids reveal excellent enzyme-like catalytic performance. Owing to the high coverage of Au NPs as well as one dimensional hierarchical MoS2-based ternary unique structures, the resultant PPy@MoS2@Au hybrid composites exhibited synergistically enhanced peroxidase-like catalytic activity relative to MoS2, MoS2@Au, and PPy@MoS2 alone, demonstrating the remarkable prospects of MoS2-based hybrids in chemical/biological molecule sensing application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The olfactory bulb (OB) is the first relay station in the olfactory system. In the OB, mitral/tufted cells (M/Ts), which are the main output neurons, play important roles in the processing and representation of odor information. Recent studies focusing on the function of M/Ts at the single-cell level in awake behaving mice have demonstrated that odor-evoked firing of single M/Ts displays transient/long-term plasticity during learning. Here, we tested whether the neural activity of M/Ts and sniffing patterns are dependent on anticipation and reward in awake behaving mice. We used an odor discrimination task combined with in vivo electrophysiological recordings in awake, head-fixed mice, and found that, while learning induced plasticity of spikes and beta oscillations during odor sampling, we also found plasticity of spikes, beta oscillation, sniffing pattern, and coherence between sniffing and theta oscillations during the periods of anticipation and/or reward. These results indicate that the activity of M/Ts plays important roles not only in odor representation but also in salience-related events such as anticipation and reward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we propose a strategy of rapid assembly of Ag3PO4 nanoparticles (NPs) within three dimensional (3D) keratin–inorganic hybrid nanoflowers (keratin-NF@Ag3PO4) with a facile in situ ion sedimentation approach. The 3D porous networks greatly prevent polycondensation of Ag3PO4 NPs because of the porous and interconnected microstructures, which enhanced the catalytic activity in the oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) into a blue colored product (oxTMB) in the presence of H2O2. However, the addition of uric acid (UA) could lead to the reduction of oxTMB, resulting in fast fading of the blue color. Inspired by this finding, a simple and sensitive colorimetric assay for uric acid (UA) has been developed with a detection limit (LOD) of 0.94 μM. Furthermore, this strategy has been successfully applied to the detection of UA in practical samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solution-processed perovskite films inevitably have a number of ionic defects, regarded as non-radiative recombination centers, which limit the overall efficiency and the stability of perovskite solar cells (Pero-SCs). Passivation of these defects has been proven to be an efficient strategy to suppress the charge recombination and thus improve the performance of Pero-SCs. Herein, for the first time, a π-conjugated and alcohol-soluble small molecule with bilateral carboxyl and thiophene groups, namely 2,5-di(thiophen-2-yl)terephthalic acid (DTA), was introduced into the MAPbI3−xClx (MA = CH3NH3) film to passivate the defects and enhance the performance of the corresponding planar p–i–n Pero-SCs. With high electron density, the symmetric carboxyl groups on both sides of DTA can effectively coordinate with unsaturated Pb2+ cations to passivate the defects in the perovskite. This efficient defect passivation can reduce the charge trap density and increase the carrier lifetime, which leads to a significant enhancement of the open-circuit voltage from 1.07 V for the control Pero-SC to 1.17 V for the passivated one, resulting in a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.45%. The highest achieved Voc reaches 1.19 V, with a PCE of 21.40%, and the corresponding loss of Voc is only 0.38 V. In addition, the DTA passivated devices exhibit a photovoltaic performance with high reproducibility, as well as a significant improvement in environmental stability and thermal stability. This work demonstrates the great potential of DTA as an effective and promising additive to passivate the perovskite defects for the high performance of Pero-SCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) regulatory protein Tat plays an important role during HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) by inducing neuronal autophagy. In this study, we used immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, western blot, qRT-PCR, and RNA interference to elucidate the involvement of Bcl-2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 Tat-induced autophagy during HAND. We found that BAG3 expression is elevated in astrocytes in frontal cortex of macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus-human immunodeficiency chimeric virus (SHIV). In addition, in human primary glioblastoma cells (U87), HIV-1 Tat upregulated BAG3 in an NF-κB-dependent manner to induce autophagy. Importantly, suppression of BAG3 or inhibition of NF-κB activity reversed the HIV-1 Tat-induced autophagy. These results indicate that HIV-1 Tat induces autophagy by upregulating BAG3 via NF-κB signaling, which suggests BAG3 and NF-κB could potentially serve as novel targets for HAND therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For n–i–p type perovskite solar cells (Pero-SCs), one of the limitations which hinder the improvement of device performance is the extremely low electrical conductivity of the TiO2 electron transport layer (ETL). Herein, two novel functionalized water-soluble fullerene derivatives C60O∼18(OH)∼10(NH2)∼8 (f-C60) and C70O∼18(OH)∼10(NH2)∼10 (f-C70) were prepared and utilized as buffer layers between ITO and a vacuum-deposited fullerene C60 ETL in Pero-SCs. After inserting f-C60 and f-C70 layers, the Pero-SCs showed an enhanced crystallinity of the perovskite film, more efficient charge transport, reduced recombination and a decreased charge-transport resistance. Therefore, a summit power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.97% was achieved for the device with the f-C60/C60 ETL, which was ∼24% higher than that of the control device (13.71%). The PCE of the Pero-SC based on the f-C70/C60 ETL also exhibited a 16% enhancement. This work demonstrated the great potential of f-C60 and f-C70 for application as ETLs in Pero-SCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DELLA proteins, negative regulators of the gibberellin (GA) pathway, play important roles in plant growth, development and pathogen resistance by regulating multiple phytohormone signals. Yet, whether and how they regulate plant herbivore resistance remain unknown. We found that the expression of the rice DELLA gene OsSLR1 was down-regulated by an infestation of female adults of the brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens. On one hand, OsSLR1 positively regulated BPH-induced levels of two mitogen-activated protein kinase and four WRKY transcripts, and of jasmonic acid, ethylene and H2O2. On the other hand, silencing OsSLR1 enhanced constitutive levels of defence-related compounds, phenolic acids, lignin and cellulose, as well as the resistance of rice to BPH in the laboratory and in the field. The increased resistance in rice with silencing of OsSLR1 is probably due to impaired JA and ethylene pathways, and, at least in part, to the increased lignin level and mechanical hardness of rice leaf sheaths. Our findings illustrate that OsSLR1, acting as an early negative regulator, plays an important role in regulating the resistance of rice to BPH by activating appropriate defence-related signalling pathways and compounds. Moreover, our data also provide new insights into relationships between plant growth and defence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indene-C60 bisadduct (IC60BA), which can offer a significantly higher open-circuit voltage (Voc) than monoadducts, has become the research focus as electron acceptor materials in polymer solar cells (PSCs) in recent years. However, despite its popularity, IC60BA have always been applied in PSCs as mixture of several regioisomers and the nature of this mixture has never been fully investigated and understood. Herein, for the first time, 12 major regioisomers of IC60BA were isolated and a full investigation was carried out with respect to their structure, abundance, solubility and their corresponding photovoltaic performance. The results show that the PSCs based on these regioisomeric structures present very diverse PCE and their photovoltaic performance was dramatically affected not only by the relative indene positions but also by the steric orientation of the two indene groups. Electrochemical studies further revealed that the effect of energetic disorder inside the IC60BA regioisomers on their photovoltaic performance is insignificant when applied in PSCs. However, the steric structures and solubility of the regioisomers were found to have significant impact on the morphology and bulk properties of the active layer of PSCs, which give rise to very different PCE of devices based on IC60BA regioisomers with different structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects in HeLa cell membrane permeability caused by the fullerenols C60(OH)n with different concentrations were studied by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). We demonstrate that C60(OH)n has very low cytotoxicity, although it can still have strong effects on the cell membrane permeability. In the presence of 1 × 10−3 mg mL−1 (1 ppm) C60(OH)n, the cell membrane permeability increases by 26% after 76 min, which is reversible. When C60(OH)n concentration is over 25 × 10−3 mg mL−1 (25 ppm), the change in membrane permeability (increased 19%) is irreversible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we present a facile, direct, synthetic approach of preparing monodisperse [Au(SePh)] nanoclusters in high yield. In this synthetic approach, two-phase Brust-Schiffrin method is used. Both PhSeH and NaBH should be added drop-wise to the solution of Au (III) at the same time. The formula and molecular purity of [Au(SePh)]TOA clusters are characterized by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, NMR and TGA analysis. Furthermore, some critical parameters to obtain pure [Au(SePh)]TOA are identified, including the NaBH-to-Au ratio, the selenolate-to-Au ratio and the temperature. The facile, direct, high yield synthetic method can be widely applied in the theoretical research of Au clusters protected by selenol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rod-shaped Au25 nanocluster possesses a low photoluminescence quantum yield (QY=0.1 %) and hence is not of practical use in bioimaging and related applications. Herein, we show that substituting silver atoms for gold in the 25-atom matrix can drastically enhance the photoluminescence. The obtained Ag xAu25− x ( x=1-13) nanoclusters exhibit high quantum yield (QY=40.1 %), which is in striking contrast with the normally weakly luminescent Ag xAu25− x species ( x=1-12, QY=0.21 %). X-ray crystallography further determines the substitution sites of Ag atoms in the Ag xAu25− x cluster through partial occupancy analysis, which provides further insight into the mechanism of photoluminescence enhancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rod-shaped Au25 nanocluster possesses a low photoluminescence quantum yield (QY=0.1 %) and hence is not of practical use in bioimaging and related applications. Herein, we show that substituting silver atoms for gold in the 25-atom matrix can drastically enhance the photoluminescence. The obtained Ag xAu25− x ( x=1-13) nanoclusters exhibit high quantum yield (QY=40.1 %), which is in striking contrast with the normally weakly luminescent Ag xAu25− x species ( x=1-12, QY=0.21 %). X-ray crystallography further determines the substitution sites of Ag atoms in the Ag xAu25− x cluster through partial occupancy analysis, which provides further insight into the mechanism of photoluminescence enhancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Leptin is an important peptide hormone that regulates food intake and plays a crucial role in modulating olfactory function. Although a few previous studies have investigated the effect of leptin on odor perception and discrimination in rodents, research on the neural basis underlying the behavioral changes is lacking. Here we study how leptin affects behavioral performance during a go/no‐go task and how it modulates neural activity of mitral/tufted cells in the olfactory bulb, which plays an important role in odor information processing and representation. Methods: A go/no‐go odor discrimination task was used in the behavioral test. For in vivo studies, single unit recordings, local field potential recordings and fiber photometry recordings were used. For in vitro studies, we performed patch clamp recordings in the slice of the olfactory bulb. Results: Behaviorally, leptin affects performance and reaction time in a difficult odor‐discrimination task. Leptin decreases the spontaneous firing of single mitral/tufted cells, decreases the odor‐evoked beta and high gamma local field potential response, and has bidirectional effects on the odor‐evoked responses of single mitral/tufted cells. Leptin also inhibits the population calcium activity in genetically identified mitral/tufted cells and granule cells. Furthermore, in vitro slice recordings reveal that leptin inhibits mitral cell activity through direct modulation of the voltage‐sensitive potassium channel. Conclusions: The behavioral reduction in odor discrimination observed after leptin administration is likely due to decreased neural activity in mitral/tufted cells, caused by modulation of potassium channels in these cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gibberellins (GAs) play pivotal roles in plant growth and development, and in defenses against pathogens. Thus far, how the GA-mediated signaling pathway regulates plant defenses against herbivores remains largely unknown. In this study, we cloned the rice GA receptor gene OsGID1, whose expression was induced by damage from the brown planthopper (BPH) Niaparvata lugens, mechanical wounding, and treatment with salicylic acid (SA), but not jasmonic acid. The overexpression of OsGID1 (oe-GID1) decreased BPH-induced levels of SA, H2O2, and three SA-pathway-related WRKY transcripts, but enhanced BPH-induced levels of ethylene. Bioassays in the laboratory revealed that gravid BPH females preferred to feed and lay eggs on wild type (WT) plants than on oe-GID1 plants. Moreover, the hatching rate of BPH eggs on oe-GID1 plants was significantly lower than that on WT plants. In the field, population densities of BPH adults and nymphs were consistently and significantly lower on oe-OsGID1 plants than on WT plants. The increased resistance in oe-GID1 plants was probably due to the increased lignin level mediated by the GA pathway, and to the decrease in the expression of the three WRKY genes. Our findings illustrated that the OsGID1-mediated GA pathway plays a positive role in mediating the resistance of rice to BPH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]