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Certain mutations in the viral DNA polymerase (pol) gene are known to confer drug resistance when transferred to susceptible human cytomegalovirus (CMV) strains, whereas other putative resistance mutations remain unproven. A new marker-transfer technique was used to produce recombinant CMV strains, to determine the drug susceptibility phenotypes conferred by 10 pol mutations (9 observed in clinical isolates). Various degrees of resistance to ganciclovir and cidofovir were conferred by mutations D301N, N410K, D413E, T503I, and L516R, which are located within exonuclease functional domains where D301N and D413E affect highly conserved residues. Mutations A692S, E756K, and E756D, which are not located within recognized functional domains, each conferred foscarnet resistance. This study significantly increases the number of confirmed CMV pol resistance mutations, at both conserved and nonconserved loci, with implications for molecular mechanisms and the genotypic diagnosis of antiviral resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shell-on tails of 70 juvenile Australian red claw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus, were separately packaged in seven sealed plastic freezer bags (10 in each) and stored on ice (0°C) for 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14 days. At the end of each storage period, raw muscle homogenate from five tails (pooled) were analyzed for lipid peroxidation, proteolysis (electrophoreis), and thermal stability (differential scanning calorimetry). The other five tails were individually cooked (2 minutes boiling) to determine cooking yield and toughness (Warner-Bratzler shear). Lipid oxidation occurred during storage (e.g., TBA values increased from 0.341 mg/kg on day 0 to 1.492 mg/kg on day 14, P < 0.05). Myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic proteins were generally resistant to proteolysis, but were destabilized during storage. Transition temperatures for myosin head and actin decreased (P#0.05) from 50.2°C and 72.6°C on day 0, to 39.4°C and 60.3°C by day 14, respectively; while enthalpy of denaturation for myosin head reduced from 0.324 J/g to 0.116 J/g during this period. Storage also resulted in a gradual loss in cooking yield, which correlated (R = 20.82, P < 0.05) with progressive toughening of cooked meat. The results indicate that red claw muscle is susceptible to protein denaturation and lipid oxidation, and these chemical changes may be responsible for decreased cooking yield and reduced tenderness of meat during extended refrigeration storage. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The diaspora of peoples whose origins were in the Indian subcontinent (South Asia) and who are now living in Western countries (especially the U.S. and UK) provides an interesting example of processes of negotiation of new hybrid cultures and identities, using new technologies, such as the Internet, and older technologies like the video player, cable or satellite television, radio, and telephone. These developments may require a revision of the classic sociological picture of assimilation as a zero sum model of acculturation, in which the acculturation of immigrants and their children involves the gradual replacement of their ethnic culture by that of the culture of the host nation. The electronic media, in the context of policies of multiculturalism, may lead to an accentuation of religio-ethnic differences. Contrary to previous assumptions, middle-class immigrants may be more inclined to resist cultural assimilation than their lower-class counterparts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It can be argued that, in the light of the 'cultural turn' in sociology, the search for new sources of critical theory, might profitably begin by considering the contributions of the interdisciplinary field of cultural studies, particularly the lessons to be learned from the Frankfurt School and then from British cultural studies in dealing with the problem of reconciling radical critical theory with the demands of cultural policy and administration. The contributions of these two traditions in cultural theory to debates about cultural governance are used to illustrate the dilemma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous investigations have shown that mice with a tendency toward a T[sub H]1 or T[sub H]2 lymphocyte response manifest different reactions to inoculation with the parasite Leishmania major. BALB/c mice (with a tendency for a T[sub H]2 response) showed evidence of systemic infection, whereas C57Bl/6 mice (with a tendency for a T[sub H]1 response) showed only a local reaction. Objective: To investigate whether BALB/c and C57Bl/6 mice respond differently to acute bacterial infection of the sinuses. Methods: We inoculated the nasal cavities of C57Bl/6 and BALB/c mice with Streptococcus pneumoniae (type ATCC59), or with broth as a control. The mice were humanely killed 2, 5, 10, and 14 days after inoculation. Their heads were fixed, decalcified, and embedded in paraffin blocks. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and the degree of inflammation was quantified by the number of neutrophils per square millimeter of the sinus mucosa and the percentage of the sinus cavity occupied by neutrophil clusters. Results: Both groups of mice showed evidence of inflammation that was significantly greater than controls (P = .01), with no difference between groups. There was a correlation between the number of neutrophils per square millimeter in the sinus mucosa and the percentage of neutrophil clusters (C57Bl/6 mice, r = 0.37, P<.001; BALB/c mice, r = 0.20, P<.001). In the infected mice, the number of infiltrating neutrophils was significantly greater (P<.001) in anatomically lower (dependent) areas of the sinuses compared with the upper areas. Conclusion: Unlike leishmaniasis, acute bacterial sinusitis is not affected by the tendency of the host to favor either a T[sub H]1 or T[sub H]2 response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents the results of a survey which demonstrated the endemic specimen contamination of clinical specimens by Mycobacterium (M) gordonae. Source of M. gordonae in clinical specimens; Evaluation of specimen collection and processing; Classification of case specimens.

In an effort to feed sunshine bass (Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis) efficiently, promote optimal growth, and reduce labor costs associated with feeding, sunshine bass were fed one of four feeding schedules: once per day, twice per day, once every other day, and twice every other day for 10 weeks. Ten fish were stocked into each of sixteen 110-L aquaria with four replications per treatment. At the conclusion of the feeding trial, percentage weight gain of sunshine bass fed twice/day were significantly (P < 0.05) higher (342%) compared to fish fed all other feeding frequencies. Specific growth rate (SGR) of fish fed twice/day was significantly higher (1.85%/day) compared to fish fed once every other day (0.69%/day) and twice every other day (1.18%/day) but not different (P > 0.05) from fish fed once/day (1.51%/day). The amount of diet consumed by fish fed twice/day was significantly higher (119 g diet/fish) compared to fish fed all other feeding frequencies. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) of fish fed twice/day were significantly higher (1.50) compared to fish fed once/day (1.28) and once every other day (1.15) but not different (P > 0.05) from fish fed twice every other day (1.35). Percentage fillet weight of fish fed once/day and twice/day were significantly higher (20.3% and 21.2%, respectively) compared to fish fed once every other day (15.7%) but not different from fish fed twice every other day (18.8%). Percentage lipid in fillet was not significantly different among all other treatments and averaged 9.7%. Percentage protein in fillet of fish fed once every other day and twice every other day was significantly (P > 0.05) higher (90% and 82.1%, respectively) compared to fish fed once/day and twice/day (81.1% and 81.5%, respectively). Based upon data from the present study, it appears that producers growing small juvenile sunshine bass indoors should feed fish twice daily. This feeding regimen allows for higher growth rates, without adverse effects on body or fillet compositions. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Describes a novel algorithm for the estimation of rotor position in a switched reluctance motor based on recursive least-squares estimator. Capability of the algorithm to extract information about rotor position at very low speeds from voltage and current waveforms; Position estimation procedure.

This research aims to explore market mavericks by redefining sales velocity and profit surge in today's dynamic business environment in emerging economies. The study focuses on the interplay between Sales Excellence (SE), Sales Capability (SC), Market Alignment (MA), Strategic Responsiveness (SR), and Dynamic Sales Management (DSM). Data from 180 companies (2021–2023), provided by financial leaders, were analyzed using SPSS (23.0) and AMOS (23.0) software. The analysis employed exploratory factor analysis (EFA), reliability analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The results highlight the critical role of these factors in shaping market mavericks and their significant impact on sales and profits in emerging economies. Specifically, SE enhances sales and profits when supported by effective strategies, SC drives organizational change by aligning service quality with SE, and MA drives sales velocity and profit surges through accurate forecasting. SR positively influences sales results by aligning sales with corporate strategy, while DSM is critical for motivating salespeople and shows strong links to SC and SR for successful adaptation in a dynamic business environment. The study reveals the interdependence of these factors and emphasizes the need for seamless integration and coordination to drive effective organizational change. These findings have significant implications for corporations seeking to improve their sales strategies and achieve sustainable growth in a rapidly evolving marketplace in emerging economies. This research explores market mavericks, redefines sales velocity and profit surge, and provides valuable insights into the critical factors shaping market mavericks and their impact on sales and profits. It offers guidance for organizations seeking sustainable growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To what extent and through which means do private actors shape public policy? Research into these questions has been complicated by actors' tendency to obscure or misrepresent their policy preferences and by the difficulty of operationalizing policy substance. This theory-building study uses qualitative methods and triangulation of multiple sources of evidence to mitigate these challenges. Confronted with puzzling patterns of variation in the design of state-level climate and renewable energy policies, I show how a two-dimensional framework attentive to the economically motivated preferences of business actors explains policy design. Drawing on policy texts, archival documents, and 111 policy-focused interviews, I find business preferences were fragmented, but that a single type of private actor, investor-owned utilities, ultimately prevailed in achieving their preferences in every case. I theorize the sources of their unmatched influence, and find that their distinctiveness is precisely what makes them powerful. My findings have implications for the study of business power and understanding obstacles to equitable climate policymaking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Home and its meanings and significance have received extensive examination within the disciplines of anthropology, psychology, sociology, philosophy, human geography, and history. Home, which contains various references to houses, countries, and states, can no longer be considered a homogenized experience for migrants, as it takes shapes as a result of interaction between the past and present, the local and global, and the diaspora and country of origin. Drawing on diaspora studies and its theorizations of home, this article examines the heterogeneous and pluralistic negotiations of home in Susan Muaddi Darraj's The Inheritance of Exile and Angela Tehaan Leon's Swimming Toward the Light, and argues that the conventional understanding of home as a fixed location tied solely to one's country of origin is challenged. The first generation of Arab migrant women, as depicted in the novels, finds a sense of belonging in the familiar spaces and customs of their native countries, hence viewing them as their true home. In contrast, the second generation views home in a more multifaceted way. They see it not only as a physical space but also as a source of spiritual comfort. The analysis confirms that home can no longer be said to apply simply to a geographic place, site, or even to a certain culture or set of practices as it is interpreted differently and incarnated in multitudinous forms. The diversified meanings of home render it pliable and confirm its controversial and debatable nature, especially for subjects in transit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the urban poor are at high risk for exposure to trauma, community mental health clinics rarefy diagnose clients with PTSD. Failure to diagnose PTSD may undermine the effectiveness of services provided. Our objectives were to (1) assess prevalence of traumatic experiences and PTSD, and (2) examine differences in service utilization between those who had PTSD and those who did not. Interview data were gathered from 181 urban psychiatric outpatients. A substantial number of clients had experienced at least one lifetime trauma (94%), and of those, 42% had PTSD during the past year. Analyses comparing service use between PTSD and nonPTSD clients supported our expectation that clients with PTSD would use more mental health services, and would be less satisfied with services than their nonPTSD counterparts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the influence of Western historic attitudes on power as an aspect of international politics. nature. Religious and humanitarian creeds shelter and protect the weak and perpetuate the lives of the infirm and the disabled. An attitude toward power has been particularly popular at times in the U.S. In effect, it represents a denial or outlawry of power and of power politics. It sees political power as an archaic or transient condition of politics. A more subtle and less direct approach to the denial of power and power politics occurred with the rise of the middle class in modem industrial societies. Representatives of the middle class were proclaimed the carriers of democracy and freedom. They had triumphed over the aristocracy. It seemed plausible to suggest that power politics belonged to the aristocracy and aristocratic government.

Discusses a philosophical view of international relations. Illusions of the U.S. concerning foreign relations; Major approaches in the study of international relations; Role of World War II in the generation of interest in political philosophy.

This article explores the ways in which man seeks to conceal the moral dilemma associated with politics. The most common escape, especially in the U.S. is moralism, the substitution of what is popularly believed to be moral principles for the rules of politics. Moralism is the subordination of all of politics and morality to a single moral principle. Another way is through utopianism which transforms ordinary struggles for social and political ends into fanatical crusades for quasi-religious goals. Finally, man expresses escape by equating and identifying political success with moral superiority.

Academics and practicing managers have, and continue to search for ways to improve organizational performance. One way of improving performance is called the behavioral approach. This approach has traditionally attempted to find the causes and/or antecedents (e.g., motivation and attitudes) which result in an individual employee's expense of effort aimed at achieving performance. In this search there has been a tendency to embrace approaches that have made exciting claims, e.g., promised to radically improve overall performance overnight. Unforunately, this "quick fix" mentality still exists in many managers and consultants. Far too often, "quick fix" solutions are used by managers who want to get recognition and impress their peers and by academics seeking publications by creating new concepts, even if the new concepts are simply new words (e.g., intrapaneurship) rather than demonstrable performance improvement techniques. In recent years, the human resource management literature has been littered with such quick fixes (Business Fads, 1986). While some progress toward improving U.S. productivity has been achieved in recent years, many new concepts and techniques which were appealing in the early developmental stage, failed to exhibit sustained value in the long run. Thus, greater reliance upon concepts and techniques with a record of effectiveness validated via systemic research will supplant those which rely upon "arm-chair" logic or the latest "fads." The give and take between research and practice can be a healthy, productive exchange, and even controversy and disagreement can stimulate further research and interesting applications. However, if this combative interaction is so divisive that neither side will even listen to the other, then both research and practice suffer. One way to improve the communication between research findings and the actual practice of human resource management is to demonstrate the ways that various approaches can be additive rather than always pitting them against one another in combative controversy. This process is directed less at subjugating new concepts and techniques to a "go" or "no go" decision and more toward explaining what new elements may be introduced to form a synergistic approach to effective performance management. It is to these ends that this article is directed. Specifically, Theory D (Deming, 1982), as it relates to O.B. Mod., the expansion into the behavioral areas of performance that Theory D advocates makes such an analysis timely and necessary. In essence, Theory D makes a "conceptual leap" from the statistical control field into the behavioral performance arena. Analyzing this "leap" is an integral part of this article. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Reviews the computer software @RISK Version 1.02 from Palisade Corp.

Presents a technique based on economic value pricing (EVP) models which industrial buyers can use to appraise the implied value of a product's price. Overview of basic EVP from the seller's perspective; Demonstration of how EVP can be adapted for use by purchasing personnel.

This article deals with the introduction of strongly fundamental views into the theory and practice of politics. It also concerns the transformation of religion from a concern with religious faith to the creation of political religions. Thus forces have been at work in the past two decades seeking to make a religion of politics and transforming religion into a holy political crusade in the form of a particular version of partisan politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ancient traditions have stressed the intervention of the gods and contemporary moralists picture God as being on their side in international conflicts. Pharisaism, Manichaeism and the morality of progress are other distortions of political ethics. The first step in a more profound understanding of the ethical dimension of diplomacy is a clear-eyed view of the good and evil in human nature informed by philosophy and history. However, differences exist among political realists and international lawyers who have examined human nature in these terms. Some emphasize the relevance of ethics for international politics while others question it. Democratic foreign policy poses special problems for those who discuss international morality. Such issues are resolved at least partly within the tradition of practical morality which the article considers in conclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on some key elements of foreign policy which include power, force, and diplomacy. It discusses the meaning, use and relationship of these three elements as well as their importance on international politics. It also looks into the foreign policy of the U.S. and the conflict between the U.S. and the Soviet Union which has been brought about by the desire for power. Moreover, it is noted that diplomacy is used as an instrument for power.

The article examines the relationship of American democracy to Third World Countries. According to the author, the relationship between American democracy and the Third World is one both of convergence and contradiction of values, interests and necessities. Details on the concepts of Western political thought in relation to developing countries are also discussed in the article.

The article focuses on the moral implications of politics and foreign policy. It discusses the vital issues including the high responsibility and fidelity and mentions the risk that has been sighted to the long established positions. It also gives emphasis in human rights and its obligations and cites the value of moral reasoning.

The article provides information related to democracy in the U.S. The author relates that diplomacy has been discredited less by the living United Nations than by the administrations of foreign policy within nation-states. The decline of diplomacy has continued even in the current era of a rather sophisticated approach to world forces.

Focuses on the human rights issue in the United States (U.S.). Information on the political campaigning and statements issued by former U.S. President Jimmy Carter in line with his crusade for human rights; Issues that separate the diplomatic analysts and the international lawyers on matters of morality and foreign policy; Human rights and morality.

Argues the need for improved historical analyses of progressive community psychiatry. Inadequacy of existing histories; Decontextualized ahistoricism and limitations of documenting history; Historical approaches to radical psychiatry; Recommendations for future directions.

BSTRACT: Electronic modifications necessary to adapt an existing fish opercular movement monitor for use in salt water are described. Ten species of fresh and salt water fishes were tested for suitability as test organisms for future studies of pollutional effects. It was concluded that with proper tank design most species would provide useful data and that the system could be easily adapted for use in marine situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the relation between academic disciplines and of disciplines to their social context. Even those sociologists who are aware of the once closer relations between sociology/social anthropology and Folklore tend to assume that current distant relations are due to the evaporation of folklore itself from urban-industrial society. Sociologists with an interest in folklore are most likely to be found working in fields which emphasize the comparative analysis of "underdeveloped" and "developed" societies, and there has been a strong tendency for them to eliminates folklore. The almost moribund state of folklore studies in Great Britain might seem to confirm their assumption were it not for the fact that the few studies carried out on folklore in urban Britain show that it is far from dead or dying. And in the United States of America, the flourishing academic discipline of Folklore has no difficulty in discovering a flourishing crop of urban folklore.

The emphasis on a seemingly inevitable process of secularization leading to 'demoralization' as part of modernization has meant that sociologists have not felt it necessary to give much heed to Durkheim's call for the development of a sociology of morals. However, there has been some recent movement in that direction, stimulated by a revival of interest in Durkheimian sociology and Foucault's work on discourses and moral regulation. The analysis of controversies about representations of sexuality in broadcast television can reveal the varied range of moral discourses that are drawn on by ordinary viewers when they feel provoked to write to protest about representations that they find morally offensive. The attempts of the regulatory authorities to adjudicate between the different moral discourses reveals some of the difficulties and strategies involved in moral regulation in late- or post-modernity, with the regulators often having to retreat from moral reasoning to legal-technical rationality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is becoming increasingly apparent that there is a division of opinion about the British contribution to the sociology of religion. Whilst no one disputes the scholarly quality of the best work in this field, there is less agreement about whether the bulk of the work has much relevance to understanding contemporary social developments or to mainstream sociology. Critics have argued that an excessive focus on secularization and sects has meant that British sociologists of religion have marginalized their subject-matter. This tendency has combined with an exaggerated disdain for theoretical developments in sociology, which has further marginalized the sub-discipline. All of this is in marked contrast with the central position that the sociology of religion occupied in classical sociology, as exemplified by Durkheim. A reassessment of Durkheim's sociology of the sacred and of morals might be one way of re-directing British sociology of religion into the mainstream of sociology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Grant Street Partnership (GSP) is a new, community- developed, sheller-based program of clinical and case-management services for homeless, cocaine-abusing men in New Haven,Connecticut. The fist component of the GSP is a 90day residential program in which residents progress from one level of accomplishment and responsibility to the next, culminating in an assisted search for suitable housing and for employment or job training. Upon completion of the residential component, the clients continue in case management and clinical services for approximately six months on an ambulatory basis. The GSP has a second agenda of being an agent for improvement of housing, employment, and job-training services in New Haven Because a wide spectrum of cily institutions were involved in the development of the GSP, the partnership thus developed has continued and is being redirected toward institutional change of the type needed by the GSP clients. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A path model is developed and tested that relates customers' perceptions of performance on multiple dimensions to the perceived level of overall quality possessed by the property, satisfaction with the lodging experience, and their willingness to provide positive word-of-mouth (WOM). Results suggest that customers' intentions to provide positive WOM primarily are a function of their perceptions of the overall quality of the property, rather than their expressed level of satisfaction with the stay. Logistic regression was employed to determine those specific quality and satisfaction dimensions most responsible for willingness to recommend the property. These variables included the general appearance of the property, perceived value associated with the stay, willingness of employees to listen, and the degree to which the property provided a safe environment. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Presents several letters concerning medicine. Role played by dietary regulation on managing diabetes mellitus; Analgesia in terminal malignant disease; Color coding of insulin.

This article makes a case for the sociology of religion to give a more central position to issues concerning ideology. It uses the example of recent public controversies in Britain over criticisms made by bishops of the Church of England against the Thatcher government's policies. It also contrasts this situation with the influence of the new Christian right in America. The theoretical framework adopted is neo-Durkheimian, focusing on dilemmas involving the boundary between the sacred and the profane, and disputes about individualism and community. The discussion is based on research drawing on data supplied by the Church's Press Office and letters from the public to the most controversial episcopal critic, the Bishop of Durham. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinical isolates of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) were screened for susceptibility to ganciclovir by plaque-reduction assay and in situ ELISA. A pretreatment isolate of HCMV obtained from the bronchial brushing of a heart transplant recipient contained both ganciclovir-susceptible and -resistant virus. Ganciclovir-susceptible (P8) and -resistant (D16) strains were further isolated by plaque purification. Both strains phosphorylated ganciclovir at levels similar to the ganciclovir-susceptible strain AD169. D16 was also resistant to phosphonoformic acid and to (S)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine and cytosine. These data suggest that the resistance ofD16 to these drugs results from a mutation in the viral DNA polymerase gene. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Hematoporphyrin derivative (Hpd) localizes selectively in malignant and rapidly metabolizing tissues and undergoes a cytotoxic reaction when exposed to light of a specific wavelength. Hpd has been studied extensively with regard to the diagnosis and treatment of tumors but not with regard to bactericidal activity. This investigation assessed the effect of light-activated Hpd on various microorganisms, on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and on the interactions of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and bacteria. Light-activated Hpd was 99.9% bactericidal against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, Bacteroides fragilis, Streptococcus M-G intermedius, Streptococcus mutans, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Peptococcus magnus, and Clostridium perfringens, but did not affect Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or Candida albicans. Photoactivation of Hpd rendered 98% of polymorphonuclear leukocytes inviable. Combinations of light-activated Hpd and polymorphonuclear leukocytes had a 4-log (99.99%) bactericidal effect on both intra- and extracellular S. aureus. The ability of Hpd to localize in inflammatory tissues may have therapeutic applications in the treatment of abscesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reports the results of an effort to gather information for a bus firm located in the southwest United States about individuals who actually purchased bus tours offered by the firm (patrons), as well as about individuals who had merely inquired about the firm's tour program (non-patrons). The study indicates that distinct differences do exist between patrons and non-patrons. These differences are most evident in terms of some travel habits and preferences, somepsychographic and demographic characteristics, automobile ownership characteristics, and the sources of information used in vacation planning. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]