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Oil and gas exploration near faults in shallow strata is investigated in this study based on an analysis of oil-source faults in reservoirecap rock combinations without a source rock. The oil-source faults were mapped by superimposition of the distribution area of oil-source faults and the leakage area of cap rocks. This method is applied to the mapping of oil-source faults for two sets of reservoirecap rock combinations without a source rock in the Banqiao area of the Qikou Sag in the Bohai Bay Basin, eastern China. Combination B is formed by a mudstone cap rock of the middle sub-member of the 1st member of the Shahejie Formation (E3s1 M) with its underlying reservoir, while Combination C is formed by a mudstone cap rock of the 2nd member of the Dongying Formation (E3d2) with its underlying reservoir. The results show that the oil-source faults of Combination B are relatively better developed and mainly occur in the northeast and southeast, while those of Combination C are not as well developed and are only distributed at the southeastern edge of the study area with a small proportion in the north. These results are consistent with the fact that oil and gas are mainly distributed near oil-source faults, proving the method proposed is workable in determining the oil-source faults in reservoirecap rock combinations without a source rock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black Lives Matter (BLM) protests challenge the existing social order whereas other protests do not (e.g., gun‐rights protests). Some protests even reinforce it (e.g., Blue Lives Matter protests). Protests challenging the social order align with "individualizing" moral foundations (e.g., fairness, harm/care) but undermine "binding" moral foundations (e.g., loyalty, authority), which may partially explain political differences in approval of protesting. Four studies examined whether moral foundation endorsement mediated the effect of political orientation on protest evaluations. In Study 1, liberals rated BLM protests and general protesting as more moral than conservatives, partially due to increased individualizing and decreased binding endorsement. Studies 2–4 replicated this pattern for BLM and general protesting, but these effects disappeared for gun‐rights protests and largely reversed for Blue Lives Matter protests, which uphold the status quo. These results suggest that protest evaluations partially reflect the moral values prioritized by different political groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While a variety of disciplines regularly use fidelity monitoring in order to understand a program's efficacy, few examples of fidelity monitoring exist within the field of child welfare. This study provides an example of a fidelity-monitoring measure used the Critical Ongoing Resource Family Education (CORE) Teen, a training program for prospective and current resource parents of teenagers. The fidelity-monitoring tool provided valuable insights into the strengths and weaknesses of the training program as well as possible explanations for changes (and lack thereof) in participants' competency levels. While the lack of diverse trainers limits the generalizability of the findings, this tool provides a promising start to fidelity monitoring in the child welfare field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the association between obesity and the relative prevalence of tumor subtypes among Black women with breast cancer (BC). Methods: We conducted a pooled case-only analysis of 1,793 Black women with invasive BC recruited through three existing studies in the southeastern US. Multivariable case-only polytomous logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between obesity, measured by pre-diagnostic body mass index (BMI), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 + (HER2 +) and triple negative BC (TNBC) subtype relative to hormone receptor (HR) + /HER2- status (referent). Results: Among 359 premenopausal women, 55.4% of cases were HR + /HER2 −, 20.1% were HER2 + , and 24.5% were TNBC; corresponding percentages among 1,434 postmenopausal women were 59.3%, 17.0%, and 23.6%. Approximately, 50–60% of both pre- and postmenopausal women were obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2), regardless of BC subtype. We did not observe a significant association between obesity and BC subtype. Among postmenopausal women, class I obesity (BMI 35 + kg/m2) was not associated with the development of HER2 + BC (OR 0.69; 95% CI 0.42–1.14) or TNBC (OR 0.93; 95% CI 0.60–1.45) relative to HR + /HER2- tumors. Corresponding estimates among premenopausal women were 1.03 (95% CI 0.43–2.48) and 1.13 (95% CI 0.48–2.64). Conclusion: In this large study of Black women with BC, there was no evidence of heterogeneity of BMI by BC subtype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The overarching purpose of this exploratory study was to understand how foster parents' parenting-related stress levels have changed over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, including the role of sociodemographic characteristics in exacerbating risk for increased stress. Method: Participants were electronically surveyed about their pre- and post-pandemic parenting-related stress, using an adapted version of the parenting stress scale. Results: Nine-hundred and ninety foster parents (N = 990) participated in the study. Overall, foster parents reported significant increases along three specific domains of stress—namely, parenting stress, lack of control, and parental satisfaction (reverse-scored). Analyses for group differences on the post-only scores indicated that foster parents who are not married, or who report poorer mental health (i.e., "good", versus "very good" or "excellent") or financial circumstances (i.e., as indicated by not reliably having more income than expenses) may face increased risk for exacerbated stress during this pandemic. Discussion: Findings from this study indicate that parental stress-levels among foster parents have increased since the start of COVID-19. These findings are not only troubling for foster caregivers, but may also have implications for the youth in their care. Ultimately, results from this study indicate the need to better support foster parents, in general, and during public health crises, specifically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The centrality of religiosity in selecting long-term mates suggests atheism could be undesirable for that context. Given recent findings suggesting several positive stereotypes about atheists, a largely distrusted group, individuals could prefer atheists in mating domains not emphasizing long-term commitment (i.e., short-term mating). Two studies tasked U.S. participants with evaluating long-term and short-term mating desirability of theists and atheists while assessing perceptions of their personalities. Study 1 indicated atheists were more desirable in short-term mating than long-term mating, though this preference did not translate to being preferred over theists. The pre-registered Study 2 demonstrated this effect is specific to physically attractive targets. Atheists were further perceived as more prone to infidelity, especially when attractive. Results are framed from an evolutionary perspective while discussing anti-atheist prejudice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the membership of and activities related to the Texas State Historical Association. The appointment of Dianne Powell as Association president is noted along with the addition of seven members to the Board of Directors including Carlos Blanton, Stephen C. Cook, and Rebecca Sharpless. The Texas Archeological Society is soliciting papers for its meeting "Archeology Without Borders" in Corpus Christi, Texas from October 22-24, 2010. The Southern American Studies Association will hold the conference "Peoples, Publics, and Places of the Souths" at Georgia State University in Atlanta, Georgia from February 17-19, 2011.

This study adopts an integrated life-cycle approach to assess overall carbon saving related with the utilization of wood pellets manufactured using pulpwood and logging residues for electricity generation. Carbon sequestered in wood products and wood present in landfills and avoided carbon emissions due to substitution of grid electricity with the electricity generated using wood pellets are considered part of overall carbon savings. Estimated value of overall carbon saving is compared with the overall carbon saving related to the current use of pulpwood and logging residues. The unit of analysis is a hectare of slash pine ( Pinus elliottii) plantation in southern USA. All carbon flows are considered starting from forest management to the decay of wood products in landfills. Exponential decay function is used to ascertain carbon sequestered in wood products and wood present in landfills. Non-biogenic carbon emissions due to burning of wood waste at manufacturing facilities, wood pellets at a power plant, and logging residues on forestlands are also considered. Impacts of harvest age and forest management intensity on overall carbon saving are analyzed as well. The use of pulpwood for bioenergy development reduces carbon sequestered in wood products and wood present in landfills (up to 1.6 metric tons/ha) relative to a baseline when pulpwood is used for paper making and logging residues are used for manufacturing wood pellets. Avoided carbon emissions because of displacement of grid electricity from the electricity generated using wood pellets derived from pulpwood fully compensate the loss of carbon sequestered in wood products and wood present in landfills. The use of both pulpwood and logging residues for bioenergy development is beneficial from carbon perspective. Harvest age is more important in determining overall carbon saving than forest management intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indubitably, the process of adopting a young person, no matter the context, can be challenging. To assist adoptive parents in coping with these challenges, entities (e.g., social service/adoption agencies, etc.) have historically fostered the development of support groups. Despite the intent of these efforts, many adoptive parent support groups utilize frameworks that are not congruent with meeting the needs of group participants. This paper examines the process for using Concept Mapping to conceptualize effective support groups based on the perspectives of adoptive parents in one southeastern state. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Objective: Children's dietary intake impacts weight status and a range of short- and long-term health outcomes. Accurate measurement of factors that influence children's diet is critical to the development and evaluation of interventions designed to improve children's diets. The purpose of the current paper is to present the development of the Table Talk observational tool to measure early care and education teachers' (ECET) verbal feeding communications.Design: An observational tool to assess ECET verbal communication at mealtimes was deigned based on the extant literature. Trained observers conducted observations using the tool during lunch for both lead and assistant ECET. Descriptive statistics, test-retest for a subgroup, interclass correlations for each item, and comparisons between leads and assistants were conducted.Setting: Head Start centres, Southern USA.Subjects: Seventy-five Head Start educators.Results: On average, 17·2 total verbal feeding communications (sd 8·9) were observed per ECET. For lead ECET, the most prevalent Supportive Comment was Exploring Foods whereas for assistants Making Positive Comments was the most prevalent. Overall, lead ECET enacted more Supportive Comments than assistant ECET (F(2,72)=4·8, P=0·03). The most common Unsupportive Comment was Pressuring to Eat, with a mean of 3·8 (sd 4·3) and a maximum of 25. There was no difference in Unsupportive Comments between lead and assistant ECET.Conclusions: Table Talk may be a useful tool to assess verbal feeding communications of ECET, with potential applications such as informing ECET training and assessing intervention efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In America, no religion better exemplifies the power of the individual than Hoodoo. Within these peripheral communities in the South, enslaved persons created spaces in which individual practitioners could choose which rituals, objects, and beliefs they prioritized for their own salvation. Out of this tradition of "selection" came the development of adornments like Mojo Bags, an amalgamation of objects, both natural and manufactured, that connect the individual directly with the sacred. When adorned with these Mojo Bags, primarily under clothes to assure contact with the skin, practitioners are provided with the power they have previously been denied. I will argue in my paper, therefore, that this method of adornment provides the locus of power needed to address the psychological and physical bondage practitioners faced during the period of enslavement, highlighted by the case of Frederick Douglass' use of a root that led to his success in fighting with Mr. Covey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the first half of the twentieth century, many African Americans in the South regarded owls as harbingers of death. This paper examines interviews conducted by the Works Progress Administration in the 1930s to investigate why former slaves repeatedly spoke of the screeching or hooting of an owl as a sign that death was nearby. This belief suggests that African Americans understood these birds to either possess or embody supernatural spirits that were able to move between the spiritual and material worlds, a passage that was very permeable in African- American culture. In an attempt to answer why African Americans regarded owls in this way, this article looks to the characteristics of owls as birds of prey in juxtaposition to black folklore from during and following the slavery era. Many slaves understood that after death, the soul of the deceased returned to the continent of Africa. Spiritual birds of flight facilitated this journey to the land of ancestors acting as guides for spirits or carriers of spirits of dead slaves in the afterlife. As Christianity became more widespread across the antebellum South, the notion of flight enabled slaves to remain confident that their souls would be carried to Heaven upon the snowy white wings of angels and cherubs. Birds and winged creatures were the epitome of liberté totale for enslaved African Americans, a freedom that was achieved through flight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adults with co-occurring mental and substance use disorders (CODs) are overrepresented in jails. In-custody barriers to treatment, including a lack of evidence-based treatment options and the often short periods of incarceration, and limited communication between jails and community-based treatment agencies that can hinder immediate enrollment into community care once released have contributed to a cycle of limited treatment engagement, unaddressed criminogenic risks, and (re)arrest among this vulnerable and high-risk population. This paper describes a study that will develop research and communication protocols and adapt two evidence-based treatments, dual-diagnosis motivational interviewing (DDMI) and integrated group therapy (IGT), for delivery to adults with CODs across a jail-to-community treatment continuum.Methods/design: Adaptations to DDMI and IGT were guided by the Risk-Need-Responsivity model and the National Institute of Corrections' implementation competencies; the development of the implementation framework and communication protocols were guided by the Evidence-Based Interagency Implementation Model for community corrections and the Inter-organizational Relationship model, respectively. Implementation and evaluation of the protocols and adapted interventions will occur via an open trial and a pilot randomized trial. The clinical intervention consists of two in-jail DDMI sessions and 12 in-community IGT sessions. Twelve adults with CODs and four clinicians will participate in the open trial to evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of, and fidelity to, the interventions and research and communication protocols. The pilot controlled trial will be conducted with 60 inmates who will be randomized to either DDMI-IGT or treatment as usual. A baseline assessment will be conducted in jail, and four community-based assessments will be conducted during a 6-month follow-up period. Implementation, clinical, public health, and treatment preference outcomes will be evaluated.Discussion: Findings have the potential to improve both jail- and community-based treatment services for adults with CODs as well as inform methods for conducting rigorous pilot implementation and evaluation research in correctional settings and as inmates re-enter the community. Findings will contribute to a growing area of work focused on interrupting the cycle of limited treatment engagement, unaddressed criminogenic risks, and (re)arrest among adults with CODs.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02214667 . Registered on 10 August 2014. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study examined pornography viewing, rape myth acceptance, and sexist attitudes. Data came from 392 male and 903 female participants. Multigroup SEM indicated neither pornography viewing, nor hardcore pornography viewing, were related to rape myth acceptance when controlling for sexist attitudes among men. Wald tests indicated hostile sexism to be a significantly stronger predictor of all rape myths examined compared to pornography viewing or hardcore pornography viewing in men and women. Latent variable interaction analyses suggested hardcore pornography viewing as a significant exacerbating factor for the relationship between hostile sexism and "she asked for it" rape myths across genders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Informed by the contextual behavioral science (CBS) model of behavioral health, the present cross-sectional study examined whether mindful awareness moderated the associations between psychological inflexibility and four distress variables. Cross-sectional data were collected from 402 ethnically diverse undergraduate college students from September 2015 to October 2015. Participants competed an online self-report survey. Mindful awareness moderated the associations between psychological inflexibility and distress variables, with stronger associations for somatization and anxiety, and weaker associations for general distress and depression. Specifically, the strength of the positive associations between psychological inflexibility and these distress variables were substantially greater among those low in mindful awareness. These findings suggest that a greater degree of mindful awareness may buffer the effects of psychological inflexibility on distress variables, particularly somatization and anxiety. Theoretical and applied implications as well as limitations of the study are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Progress-monitoring data collection is an essential skill for teachers serving children for whom the general curriculum is insufficient. As the field of early childhood education moves toward tiered service provision models, the importance of routine data collection is heightened. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of a training package on preschool teachers' implementation of progress-monitoring strategies to collect data on children in need of supports beyond those provided through the general curriculum. This study employed a single-case experimental design in which generalized teacher behavior was collected within the context of the design. In addition, masked reliability data collectors were used throughout the study and an analysis of bias was conducted by a researcher unaffiliated with the study. Social and ecological validity data were collected using a multi-method approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to calls for greater integration of research on the effects of visual images in the emotional and cognitive processing of health-related posts on Facebook, this study examined the questions of how gain-and-loss framed images, the valence of emoticon responses, and level of personal relevance of health topics contribute toward intentional engagement (e.g., sharing the posts) on Facebook. This study conducted a 2 (visual framing: gain vs. loss) × 2 (personal relevance of health topic: high vs. low) × 2 (emoticon valence: positive vs. negative) mixed-factorial experiment. A total of 187 college students were recruited to assess the impact of visual framing, personal relevance, and emoticon valence on sharing intention. Results showed that negative emoticons led to a higher intention to share health news posts than positive emoticons. Moreover, two parallel mediation models showed that (a) gain-framed images with high-relevance topics positively predicted perceived susceptibility but negatively predicted perceived severity that both positively impacted sharing intention; (b) loss-framed images with low-relevance topics positively predicted perceived severity but negatively predicted perceived susceptibility that both positively impacted the sharing intention. The implications regarding the contribution to the literature of visual framing and emotion on social media engagement and health communication are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Religion and spirituality are important aspects of culture that can interact with mental health. They can also be central components of women's experiences during pregnancy and the postpartum period. This study aims to explore the role of religion and spirituality among women experiencing severe psychopathology during the perinatal period using qualitative interviews of women hospitalized during pregnancy or postpartum on an inpatient unit in the Southeast USA. The average age of participants was 34.2 and all identified as white, aside from one who identified as other. Though religious affiliation was varied, most participants were Christian. Each patient interviewed had a diagnosis of depressive disorder, among other comorbid diagnoses. Three main themes emerged in the subsequent analyses (1) spirituality providing a sense of healing and connectedness above and beyond religion, (2) patients seeking support from religious leaders, and (3) patients experiencing familial pressure to enact religion in a certain way, especially as it relates to child rearing. Clinical implications for each of the themes are explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of guilt has been studied in the context of caregivers of older adults with advanced dementia, usually describing the feelings a person has of placing a loved one in a long-term care facility; however, little research has been done to understand how nursing home staff and proxies for older adults with dementia describe guilt as a decision-influencer in end-of-life care. For the current study, private, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 158 nursing home staff and 44 proxies in 13 nursing homes across four demographic regions in the United States. Interviews were reviewed and analyzed for how the concept of guilt was perceived as a decision-influencer. Nursing home staff described guilt as an important influencer in why proxies make decisions about end-of-life care. Staff noted that proxies who felt guilty about their relationship with their loved one or lack of time spent at end-of-life tended to be more aggressive in care decisions, whereas no proxies mentioned guilt as an influencer in care decisions. Rather, proxies used language of obligation and commitment to describe why they make decisions. Findings highlight the disconnect between nursing home staff and proxies in what motivates proxies to make end-of-life decisions for loved ones. Nursing home staff should be aware of misconceptions about proxies and work to understand proxies' true rationale and motivations for making care decisions. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 48(1), 22–27.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Empathy is a critical component of social work practice, yet research has indicated that health professionals often express negative attitudes toward people who abuse substances. The current study examines levels of empathy and attitudes of social work students, clinical social workers and practicing nurses. Rates of empathy were lower than expected. The findings suggest that using tools such as SBIRT may be beneficial in terms of contributing to job satisfaction and well-being of nurses and social workers in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In previous studies, researchers had students rate single nonverbal behaviors as signals conveying and inferring sexual consent. In real-life interactions, young people use an array of behaviors occurring concurrently or successively to interpret sexual consent. With use of a 7-point scale (0 = Definitely No, 6 = Definitely Yes), students at a southeast public university were asked to rate their perceptions of nine nonverbal behaviors as signals of sexual consent, nine combinations of two of those behaviors, and eight combinations of three behaviors. There were significant effects for both gender and number of behaviors (p <.001). Over 43% of women answered "0" to all behaviors and combinations of behaviors, whereas only 20.3% of men answered "0" to all. The mean ratings for men were greater than those for women under all three conditions and increased with the number of behaviors. At least one third of men responded with "3" (the midpoint of the scale) or greater to seven of the eight combinations of three behaviors, whereas the percentage of women responding "3" or greater never exceeded 18% for any of the individual behaviors or combinations. It is concluded that as the number of nonverbal behaviors increases the subjective interpretation of sexual consent also increases, thus also increasing the chances of unwanted sexual advances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary care providers play a vital role for HIV prevention and care in high burden areas of the Southeast United States. Studies reveal that only a third of these providers had previous HIV-related training. We evaluated the effects of targeted online continuing medical education training on HIV-related knowledge, attitudes and practices among providers in the Southeast. During April 2017–February 2018, we administered baseline and six-month follow-up surveys to assess changes attributed to online training among a representative sample of providers from six Southeast locations. Data were analyzed using logistic regression analysis (p < 0.05). Baseline and follow-up surveys were completed by 349 participants (61.2% female, 64.6% white, 69.6% physicians, and 27.5% aged 40 years or less); 18% (n = 63) of whom visited online training websites sent following the baseline survey. Comparing baseline versus follow-up responses, providers who completed online training were half as likely to identify "patients' age" (30% vs. 15%) and "patients' race" (3% vs. 1.4%) as barriers to discussing sex with clients; survey responses by participants who declined training remained unchanged. Based on baseline versus follow-up responses, providers who visited online training websites were more likely to become familiar with preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) (38% vs. 58%); participants who declined training remained unchanged at 45%. No impact on clinical practices such as PrEP prescriptions was identified. Targeted online training can enhance HIV readiness and should be explored for providers in the Southeast, particularly for enhancing PrEP service delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides a challenge to enduring arguments about the unifying nature of resistance by enslaved people in the US South by emphasising intergenerational conflict in the context of fight or flight. Scholars have commonly argued that, while not as likely to flee themselves, elders were elevated and praised for their roles as guides in offering advice and support – both moral and practical – or by simply upholding the solidarity of the slave community. This article reveals instead how enslaved elders were viewed as negative influences by those who chose to fight or take flight. Whether in counselling against direct resistance, appearing resigned to bondage, or actively conspiring against rebels and runaways, enslaved elders could be portrayed by their younger peers as people who had been unwilling to make the ultimate sacrifice for freedom. Their fates should be pitied but could also be avoided. These were men and women who had survived slavery, but they had not resisted, and this distinction had personal and political implications for contemporaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scholarly community has eagerly assessed adults' perspectives on race and opportunity in the “postracial” era. Noticeably absent are studies that probe youths' perceptions of social and educational opportunity within this era, given the relationship between education and upward mobility, and the symbolism embodied in Obama's 2008 election as the first African-American president of the United States. This paper uses data drawn from a four-year longitudinal study that examined the educational experiences of Black adolescents in Metro Atlanta, Georgia—referred to as the “New Black Mecca.” Interview data from a subset of 75 Black adolescents participating in an ethnographic study, and 1,329 surveys from a racially diverse group of adolescents across three different high schools, capture: (a) how Black adolescents embraced meritocratic notions of opportunity—while inheriting a social awareness of race-based opportunities, (b) Black adolescents' use of destigmatization strategies to thwart prejudice, and (c) the protective role a predominantly Black suburban context plays in mitigating the effects of day-to-day encounters with racial discrimination. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Research shows providing cancer patients with adequate information has many benefits, but how do nurse practitioners know whether the initial consultation meets the information needs of their patients? Furthermore, how can the initial consultation be improved? Objective: A low-cost continuous quality improvement process centered on decreasing distress and increasing information satisfaction was piloted to determine its effectiveness and feasibility. Methods: Immediately before and after an initial consultation with a breast cancer surgeon, 59 women completed a questionnaire to measure distress and specific problems they were having. They then completed a questionnaire to measure information satisfaction. Pre-post changes in the distress score and number of problems were analyzed, as was information satisfaction. Feasibility was qualitatively examined. Results: For the study sample, pre-post median distress scores decreased significantly (from 5 to 3, Chi-square = 5.73, p <.017). Information dissatisfaction scales were identified. The process was deemed feasible. Conclusions: This effective and feasible process may help the nurse practitioner continuously improve the initial consultation process. Implications for Nursing: (a) the initial breast cancer consultation is important, (b) a novel process for improving the initial breast cancer consultation is proposed, and (c) this feasible, low-cost process should be embedded into normal practice operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: When a child becomes critically ill and hospitalized in intensive care, this can be emotionally and physically traumatic for parents. Objective: The purpose of the initiative was to utilize a stress screening tool to quantify parental stress and examine the use of family support services as a way to impact stress scores. Methods: The Family Stress Thermometer (FST) was introduced and parents were asked to circle their stress level at up to three time points. Along with recorded stress scores, resources accessed were documented, how often it was utilized, and parental suggestions that might ease stressors recorded. Results: The results indicate the FST accurately recorded elevated stress levels in parents with critically ill children, analysis showed a statistically significant decrease in the stress levels of parents over time. Conclusions: This project appears to validate parental distress levels as a modifiable risk factor. Implications for Nursing: The FST was cost-effective and easy to administer. As part of comprehensive plans of care for families, interprofessional teams can work to design support services that meet individualized needs of parents with critically ill children. Partnering with parents to quantify their stress and responding to their needs will insure the likelihood of this happening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medication nonadherence can contribute to hospital readmissions. Medical-surgical nurses play a crucial role in reducing medication nonadherence by validating patient knowledge of home medications, providing early education on new medications, involving patients and caregivers when providing new education, and delivering effective communication during care transitions to home health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This systematic review aimed to evaluate the impact of home-based telerehabilitation on physical function among community-dwelling elderly people in Southeast Asian countries and regions, and to investigate its feasibility. A systematic electronic literature search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE and PEDro according to PRISMA guidelines. Randomized controlled trials conducted in the area that involved elderly people and any physical function indexes were included. Home-based telerehabilitation was defined as a specific remote rehabilitation intervention that used any kind of technological device allowing healthcare professional/patient interaction. Information regarding the effect and feasibility (intervention completion rate) of home-based telerehabilitation was extracted from eligible articles. We used the Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials to assess methodological quality of the included articles. Eventually, six studies were included as eligible articles. The overall risk of bias judgement was assessed as "High" in five studies. All studies were conducted in either China or South Korea, and heterogeneity in terms of participants' health condition and intervention regimen was observed across the studies. Our narrative-based analysis showed that compared with conventional rehabilitation, either equal or better effects on physical function were reported across the six studies. The intervention completion rates were 81% ± 11 on average (range 59–96%). Although we could not obtain conclusive evidence due to limited relevant information with heterogeneity across the studies, our findings suggest that home-based telerehabilitation can be a strategy for rehabilitation service delivery with acceptable feasibility comparable to conventional rehabilitation for elderly people in the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food insecurity (FI) is under-researched among people experiencing substance use disorders (SUD). Given the physical and mental health consequences associated with FI, this study examined the prevalence of FI and its covariates in individuals seeking treatment for SUDs and whether any specific SUD diagnosis was associated with FI. Individuals with polysubstance use disorder (PSUD) were compared to those with a single SUD diagnosis. This study was a cross-sectional chart review at an outpatient substance use disorder treatment unit of 201 treatment-seeking adults with one or more SUD. Of 201 adults, 43.8% reported experiencing FI within the past 12 months. Only cannabis use disorder was associated with FI (p =.025). Those with PSUD had 2.08 times the odds (OR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.15– 3.76) of FI compared to those diagnosed with one SUD. Policy and practice recommendations are discussed regarding implementation of FI screening and interventions in substance use treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On road trips across the globe, Annemarie Schwarzenbach made photographs illuminating different cultures and giving visibility to marginalized communities. Her time in the U.S. presents a uniquely rewarding focus for a reassessment of her photographic practice. She worked there during the pinnacle of American documentary photography, producing photographs and reports during three visits to the Eastern U.S. between September 1936 and February 1941. My article investigates the unexplored connections between her American photographs and images created by photographers working for the Farm Security Administration, especially regarding issues of race and class. I focus on a photograph Schwarzenbach made in Knoxville, Tennessee in 1937 and draw on Édouard Glissant's theory of opacity to explore how she wielded perceptual instability to preserve her subjects' agency. By placing Schwarzenbach within a network of photographers, I ultimately seek to clarify her position among socially conscious image-makers in the 1930s. (KCF) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The impact of chronic stressors like the COVID‐19 pandemic is likely to be magnified in adolescents with pre‐existing mental health risk, such as attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study examined changes in and predictors of adolescent mental health from before to during the COVID‐19 pandemic in the Southeastern and Midwestern United States. Methods: Participants include 238 adolescents (132 males; ages 15–17; 118 with ADHD). Parents and adolescents provided ratings of mental health symptoms shortly before the COVID‐19 pandemic and in spring and summer 2020. Results: Adolescents on average experienced an increase in depression, anxiety, sluggish cognitive tempo, inattentive, and oppositional/defiant symptoms from pre‐COVID‐19 to spring 2020; however, with the exception of inattention, these symptoms decreased from spring to summer 2020. Adolescents with ADHD were more likely than adolescents without ADHD to experience an increase in inattentive, hyperactive/impulsive, and oppositional/defiant symptoms. Adolescents with poorer pre‐COVID‐19 emotion regulation abilities were at‐risk for experiencing increases in all mental health symptoms relative to adolescents with better pre‐COVID‐19 emotion regulation abilities. Interactive risk based on ADHD status and pre‐COVID‐19 emotion regulation abilities was found for inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity, such that adolescents with ADHD and poor pre‐COVID‐19 emotion regulation displayed the highest symptomatology across timepoints. Lower family income related to increases in inattention but higher family income related to increases in oppositional/defiant symptoms. Conclusions: The early observed increases in adolescent mental health symptoms during the COVID‐19 pandemic do not on average appear to be sustained following the lift of stay‐at‐home orders, though studies evaluating mental health across longer periods of time are needed. Emotion dysregulation and ADHD increase risk for sustained negative mental health functioning and highlight the need for interventions for these populations during chronic stressors. Results and clinical implications should be considered within the context of our predominately White, middle class sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To develop a defense strategy to protect power transmission lines against blast-induced ground motions, an understanding of the dynamic responses of these structures must be first established. This paper presents the results from ground motion monitoring at two blast sites in southern United States. These studies are being conducted as part of a research effort to establish strong ground motion characteristics necessary for developing blast limits for power transmission systems. Ground movements caused by the surface mining blast and quarry blasting were recorded using geophones and wireless triaxial sensing units. The process of establishing the ground motion response spectra via analyzing actual ground motion measurements, including noise filtration and signal processing, is then described. These ground motion response spectra are the necessary inputs for spectrum analysis of structural responses that can be used to establish ground vibration limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the awards presented by the Honors Committee of the Southeastern Division of the Association of American Geographers. The 2007 Lifetime Achievement Awards were given to Professor Stanley D. Brunn and Professor Owen J. Furuseth. The Research Honors Award were presented to Dr. Derek H. Alderman and Dr. Albert J. Parker.

An editorial is presented on the declining hospitalizations among persons with human immunodeficiency virus. Topics discussed include HIV-related hospitalizations have decreased dramatically in many cities and regions of the country; and HIV-related hospitalizations decreased dramatically from 21 per 100 person-years in 1996 to 2.6 per 100 person years in 2016.

Purpose -- African-Americans historically report greater exposure to discrimination and also experience unfavorable outcomes associated with physical health, poverty concentration, residential segregation, and poorer education. The effects of discrimination are particularly harmful on mental health as discriminatory experiences contribute significantly to diminished mental health status and psychological distress. African-Americans pursuing graduate education may experience additional stressors, increasing the risk for poorer mental health. The purpose of this paper is to examine the association of psychological health and discrimination experiences among black and white graduate students at a southeastern university. Design/methodology/approach -- Participants were 505 graduate students at a predominantly white southeastern institution. Researchers collected data via self-administered online and paper questionnaires during the spring 2010 semester . Graduate students were asked questions pertaining to individual demographics, discrimination, and psychosocial concerns. Findings -- Approximately 15 percent of the graduate students reported psychological distress. Additionally, black graduate students reported significantly higher levels of day-to-day and lifetime discrimination when compared to white graduate students. In addition to the proportions of psychological distress differing by race, African-American graduate students reported better psychological well-being when exposed to both day-to-day and lifetime discrimination than whites with similar exposure. Practical implications -- Resilience factors and coping strategies should be examined further among African-American graduate students for greater understanding. Moreover, it is important to develop applications to improve mental health outcomes for all graduate students. Originality/value -- This is one of the few studies to focus on the mental health and discrimination experiences among a graduate student population. The sample is drawn from the southeastern USA where [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sociology of the South, as a substantive area research interest, emerged during the 1800s as a means to rationalize and preserve the cultural norms of slavery era whites who would soon experience seismic social shocks including the Civil War and emancipation of enslaved blacks. The person singularly cited as the architect of this area of study is Howard W. Odum. Although Odum is identified as the person most responsible for the development of this field, archival data indicate that W. E. B. Du Bois and the men and women of the Atlanta Sociological Laboratory were its first practitioners. In this paper evidence is offered to show that Du Bois's Atlanta University efforts predated Odum's North Carolina research program. Additionally, an explanation for Du Bois's marginalization in the existing sociology of the South literature is offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of an intervention in which teacher-led instruction was combined with computerized writing software to improve paragraph writing for three middle school students with intellectual disability. A multiple probe across participants design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention. During each 30 to 45-min intervention session, the teacher provided instruction using a graphic organizer to remind students about grammar rules and proper paragraph structure. Then participants wrote paragraphs using three of the four software components of SOLO Literacy Suite (Write:OutLoud, Co:Writer and Draft:Builder). Data indicated that the intervention was effective in improving writing quality (topic adherence and mechanics measured on a rubric), percentage of words spelled correctly and percentage of correct word sequences for all participants. Implications for educators and future research are discussed. Lay Description What is already known about this topic: Writing is a vital skill that must be present in order for secondary students to excel in all academic areas., Students with intellectual disabilities (ID) in secondary school experience difficulty with written expression., Limited explicit teaching of writing skills for students with disabilities results in schoolaged students continuing to struggle with written expression., What this paper adds: Writing technology, when paired with teacher-directed writing instruction, can be one solution for improving the writing of students with SD., The explicit teaching of writing skills, including mechanics and organizational structure, can contribute to the writing success of students with disabilities., Students with ID would better respond to technology-based writing instruction when it is delivered along with well-planned teacher-led instruction., Implications for practice and/or policy: The features of the writing software should fit the needs of students with disabilities in order for future writing interventions to be more effective., Changes that could be made to the software to meet the needs of students with disabilities include the following: the speed with which the text is read aloud, the voice of the text to speech feature, and the overall amount of time that participants have to develop a written product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent scholarship has declared multiculturalism to be in retreat, yet multiculturalist discourses and practices remain salient in many realms of social reproduction. This paper explores multiculturalism in predominantly white churches in the U.S. South, a region that has seen significant demographic transformations due to immigration. Church outreach to immigrants draws on theologies that reject racial prejudice and that call for the accommodation and celebration of cultural differences. Drawing on qualitative research with pastors and congregants, this article explores how multiculturalist practice is both re-working and reinforcing existing social relationships in Christian faith communities. Multiculturalist practices, we show, disrupt racialized hierarchies long embedded in white churches. But they simultaneously leave racialized distinctions and inequalities intact, in part by maintaining separation between immigrants and non-immigrants. This case illustrates the everyday politics of multiculturalism and the ways in which the boundaries of social membership take shape in ordinary, seemingly non-political spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Formaldehyde (HCHO) column data from satellites are widely used as a proxy for emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), but validation of the data has been extremely limited. Here we use highly accurate HCHO aircraft observations from the NASA SEAC4RS (Studies of Emissions, Atmospheric Composition, Clouds and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys) campaign over the southeast US in August-September 2013 to validate and intercompare six retrievals of HCHO columns from four different satellite instruments (OMI, GOME2A, GOME2B and OMPS; for clarification of these and other abbreviations used in the paper, please refer to Appendix A.) and three different research groups. The GEOS-Chem chemical transport model is used as a common intercomparison platform. All retrievals feature a HCHO maximum over Arkansas and Louisiana, consistent with the aircraft observations and reflecting high emissions of biogenic isoprene. The retrievals are also interconsistent in their spatial variability over the southeast US (r = 0.4- 0.8 on a 0.5° × 0.5° grid) and in their day-to-day variability (r = 0.5-0.8). However, all retrievals are biased low in the mean by 20-51%, which would lead to corresponding bias in estimates of isoprene emissions from the satellite data. The smallest bias is for OMI-BIRA, which has high corrected slant columns relative to the other retrievals and low scattering weights in its air mass factor (AMF) calculation. OMIBIRA has systematic error in its assumed vertical HCHO shape profiles for the AMF calculation, and correcting this would eliminate its bias relative to the SEAC4RS data. Our results support the use of satellite HCHO data as a quantitative proxy for isoprene emission after correction of the low mean bias. There is no evident pattern in the bias, suggesting that a uniform correction factor may be applied to the data until better understanding is achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Schools should provide children 30 minutes/day of moderate-to-vigorous-physical-activity (MVPA). Determining school day segments that contribute to children's MVPA can inform school-based activity promotion. The purpose of this paper was to identify the proportion of children accumulating 30 minutes/day of school-based MVPA, and to identify school day segments' contribution to children's MVPA. METHODS First-third graders (N = 323 [173 girls and 150 boys]) accelerometer-derived sedentary behaviors, light activity, and MVPA were measured for 1 to 5 school days. Children's activity was estimated during class time, lunch, physical education (PE), and recess. To explore disparities in MVPA, children were stratified into high/low-active groups. RESULTS Girls and boys accumulated 30.4 and 34.4 minutes/day of MVPA on PE days and 23.5 and 27.3 minutes/day of MVPA on non-PE days. This translated to 36.5 and 44.1% of girls and boys accumulating 30 minutes of MVPA on PE days and 16.3 and 36.5% on non-PE days. On PE days, PE contributed the most MVPA for girls and boys (11.8 and 13.0 minutes/day), followed by class time (11.4 and 12.5 minutes/day), recess (5.2 and 6.5 minutes/day), and lunch (2.0 and 2.4 minutes/day). Disparities between high/low children were greatest during PE and class time. CONCLUSIONS Most children were not accumulating 30 minutes/day of MVPA. PE and class time are promising school day segments for promoting MVPA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are a dearth of studies that quantitatively measure nurses' appreciation of stimuli and the subsequent generation of options in practice environments. The purpose of this paper was to provide an examination of nurses' ability to solve problems while quantifying the stimuli upon which they focus during patient care activities. The study used a quantitative descriptive method that gathered performance data from a simulated task environment using multi-angle video and audio. These videos were coded and transcripts of all of the actions that occurred in the scenario and the verbal reports of the participants were compiled. The results revealed a pattern of superiority of the experienced exemplar group. Novice actions were characterized by difficulty in following common protocols, inconsistencies in their evaluative approaches, and a pattern of omissions of key actions. The study provides support for the deliberate practice-based programs designed to facilitate higher-level performance in novices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As iconic landscapes of the American South and significant heritage tourism destinations, Southern plantation museums have traditionally erased slavery and the enslaved from their narratives of the antebellum past. Recently, some plantation museums, such as Oak Alley Plantation in Louisiana, are commemorating the enslaved within their landscapes and narratives, although often in limited and insufficient ways. In this paper, I draw on theories of symbolic excavation and commemorative surrogation to understand both the difficult memory work necessary to include the history of slavery at plantation museums and the fact that such museums or memorials act as surrogates for the lives of enslaved women and men that have been lost from our social memory. Using photographic documentation, content analysis, and textual analysis, I then examine the Slavery at Oak Alley exhibit to argue that fully assessing the efficacy of such commemorative surrogates requires that they be placed within the spatial narratives of both the plantation museum and the history of slavery more broadly. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

One of the important aspects of highway design is aggregates. Aggregates strength and consistency has an effect on pavement structure's overall performance. The consistency of the base material near the site of the construction doesn't always match the requirements of pavement construction and carrying quality aggregate raises the cost of construction. Stabilizing agents such as asphalt cement, lime, fly ash were used to improve the strength of these materials in order to make greater use of locally available materials. Layer materials present in the pavements and the structure of them influence pavement performance. The compressive strain and the tensile strain in the layer of subgrade and asphalt layer respectively are influenced by the stiffness of the base layer. The important aspects causing rutting and fatigue cracking are compressive strain in the top region of the subgrade layer and tensile strain at the bottom of the asphalt layer, respectively. In this research study, field performance (cracking, rutting, and surface roughness) of pavement sections with untreated and treated bases were collated to assess the impact of the stabilizing agents. The treated sections performed well significantly compared to the untreated sections in terms of pavement surface roughness and fatigue cracking. The treated sections performed higher than the untreated sections in terms of the cumulative average values of all 3 distresses with fatigue cracking averaging 5 times lower than the untreated sections. The combined IRI and rutting of treated sections averaged about 1.5 times and 0.11 inches smaller, respectively than those of untreated sections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historically, Native American (NA) mothers have proven essential to the survival of their families and communities, yet scant research has examined their roles today. Current gender roles in NA communities are influenced by historical oppression (both historic and contemporary forms) that acted to reverse matrilineal gender norms in favor of patriarchy. The present study sought to explore norms and expectations for women among two NA tribes located in the southeastern region of the United States. The framework of Historical Oppression, Resilience and Transcendence (FHORT), Hill-Collins's concept of "motherwork," and a framework of reproductive justice were used to frame the study and interpret findings. This critical ethnography included data from field notes, semistructured interviews, and focus groups. Reconstructive analysis, a specific type of thematic qualitative analysis for critical ethnographies, was used to interpret data. Participants from both tribes described themes related to the expectations and roles of mothers. These expectations included themes of (a) mothers as caretakers, (b) mothers as the centers of family and role models, (c) women to prioritize family over economic and educational aspirations, and (d) decolonizing norms for mothers. While historical oppression and patriarchal norms have constrained and regulated expectations for motherhood and the domestic roles of NA women, these findings also highlight how women decolonize these norms and find ways to reclaim their power through their roles as mothers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]