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The paper delves into the normative Productive City concept as outlined in the New Leipzig Charter, focusing on urban manufacturing's heterogeneity. We define urban manufacturing as manufacturing sectors located in proximity to housing. Urban manufacturing is analyzed based on sectoral (company data classified by NACE codes into 13 types of material industry) and spatial data, considering the distance to priority roads, supply areas, and land-use categories. The methodology is applied to Bochum, Gelsenkirchen, and Herne in the Ruhr area, utilizing 2018 data to identify material industry locations. We highlight differences between central and accessible, and more dispersed sectors in three groups. Group I, including other consumer goods, food products, clothing goods, and repair services, is predominantly located in central and mixed-use locations, suggesting these types could be preserved or developed by urban planners under the Productive City framework. However, there is a clear need for commercial and industrial spaces for emitting industries (Group II) to fully realize this concept. Construction industries (Group III) are often found in residential areas due to off-site activities. Challenges arise in historical industrial cities especially in integrated areas where existing zoning regulations and grandfathering rights restrict changes in manufacturing types or expansions near residential zones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Human Review is the property of Eagora Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychosozial is the property of Psychosozial-Verlag GmbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ra Ximhai is the property of Universidad Autonoma Indigena de Mexico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The use of Poisson cluster processes to model rainfall time series at a range of scales now has a history of more than 30 years. Among them, the randomised (also called modified) Bartlett–Lewis model (RBL1) is particularly popular, while a refinement of this model was proposed recently RBL2;. Fitting such models essentially relies upon minimising the difference between theoretical statistics of the rainfall signal and their observed estimates. The first statistics are obtained using closed form analytical expressions for statistics of the orders 1 to 3 of the rainfall depths, as well as useful approximations of the wet–dry structure properties. The second are standard estimates of these statistics for each month of the data. This paper discusses two issues that are important for the optimal model fitting of RBL1 and RBL2. The first issue is that, when revisiting the derivation of the analytical expressions for the rainfall depth moments, it appears that the space of possible parameters is wider than has been assumed in past papers. The second issue is that care must be exerted in the way monthly statistics are estimated from the data. The impact of these two issues upon both models, in particular upon the estimation of extreme rainfall depths at hourly and sub-hourly timescales, is examined using 69 years of 5 min and 105 years of 10 min rainfall data from Bochum (Germany) and Uccle (Belgium), respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After studies of economics and business administration in Cologne my academic career as an economist started 1968 as a doctoral student and later as a post doc in the Institute of Development Research and Development Policy of the University of Bochum in Germany. The economic theories, with which I worked at the time had no relation to legal or social norms. This changed, after I became a professor of economics in the newly established second law department of the University of Hamburg. It was a model trial of a reformed legal education. My lawyer colleagues propagated a more policy oriented and teleological understanding of the law, legal scholarship, and teaching and demanded the integration of social sciences into the study of the law. I began studying and teaching the classical writings of the American law and economics pioneers and related them to German private law. Gradually I shifted the focus of my academic interest and publications from development studies to the economic study of civil law and became increasingly convinced that "law and economics" corrects a scientific fallacy, which emerged when the two disciplines fell apart. Later I joined -together with my lawyer colleague Claus Ott-the European master program in law and economics, established a doctoral program in law and economics and the Hamburg institute of law and economics. After the merger of the two competing law departments the united faculty took supportive and far reaching decisions to consolidate the institute and make it a center for the study of law and economics. The following pages show in more detail the factors and reasons, which made me a convinced supporter and scholar of the economic approach to law and of institutional economics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the results from our deep optical photometric observations of Bochum 2 (Boc2) star cluster obtained using the 1.3-m Devasthal Fast Optical Telescope along with archival photometric data from Pan-STARRS2/2MASS/UKIDSS surveys. We also used high-quality parallax and proper motion data from the Gaia Data Release 3. We found that the Boc2 cluster has a small size (∼ 1.1 pc) and circular morphology. Using Gaia parallax of member stars and isochrone fitting method, the distance of this cluster is estimated as 3.8 ± 0.4 kpc. We have found that this cluster holds young ( ∼ 5 Myr) and massive (O7–O9) stars as well as an older population of low mass stars. We found that the massive stars were formed in the inner region of the Boc2 cluster in a recent epoch of star formation. We have derived mass function slope (Γ ) in the cluster region as - 2.42 ± 0.13 in the mass range of ∼ 0.72 < M / M ⊙ < 2.8 . The tidal radius of the Boc2 cluster (∼ 7–9) is much more than its observed radius ( ∼ 1.1 pc). This suggests that most of the low-mass stars in this cluster are the remains of an older population of stars formed via an earlier epoch of star formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considerable efforts have been made to better describe and identify Parkinson's disease (PD) subtypes. Cluster analyses have been proposed as an unbiased development approach for PD subtypes that could facilitate their identification, tracking of progression, and evaluation of therapeutic responses. A data-driven clustering analysis was applied to a PD cohort of 114 subjects enrolled at St. Josef-Hospital of the Ruhr University in Bochum (Germany). A wide spectrum of motor and non-motor scores including polyneuropathy-related measures was included into the analysis. K-means and hierarchical agglomerative clustering were performed to identify PD subtypes. Silhouette and Calinski–Harabasz Score Elbow were then employed as supporting evaluation metrics for determining the optimal number of clusters. Principal Component Analysis (PCA), analysis of variance (ANOVA), and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were conducted to determine the relevance of each score for the clusters' definition. Three PD cluster subtypes were identified: early onset mild type, intermediate type, and late-onset severe type. The between-cluster analysis consistently showed highly significant differences (P < 0.01), except for one of the scores measuring polyneuropathy (Neuropathy Disability Score; P = 0.609) and Levodopa dosage (P = 0.226). Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39), Non-motor Symptom Questionnaire (NMSQuest), and the MDS-UPDRS Part II were found to be crucial factors for PD subtype differentiation. The present analysis identifies a specific set of criteria for PD subtyping based on an extensive panel of clinical and paraclinical scores. This analysis provides a foundation for further development of PD subtyping, including k-means and hierarchical agglomerative clustering. Trial registration: DRKS00020752, February 7, 2020, retrospectively registered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic drastically changed daily life. Lockdown measures resulted in reduced traffic mobility and, subsequently, a changed acoustic environment. The exceptional lockdown was used to analyze its impact on the urban acoustic environment using ecoacoustic indices. Using data from 22 automated sound recording devices located in 9 land use categories (LUCs) in Bochum, Germany, the normalized difference soundscape index (NDSI) and Bioacoustics index (BIO) were explored. The NDSI quantifies the proportion of anthropophonic to biophonic sounds, and BIO quantifies the total sound activities of biological sources. The mean differences and standard deviation (SD) were calculated 5 weeks before and 5 weeks during the first lockdown. Pronounced peaks for the NDSI and BIO before lockdown that diminished markedly during lockdown were observed, however, with distinct differences in terms of the LUC. The mean NDSI increased from 0.00 (SD = 0.43) to 0.15 (SD = 0.50), the mean BIO decreased from 4.74 (SD = 2.64) to 4.03 (SD = 2.66). Using the NDSI and BIO together reveals that changes of the acoustic environment during lockdown are mainly driven by decreased anthropophonic sound sources. These results suggest that further studies are needed to tailor ecoacoustic indices more accurately to conditions of the urban environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (RUB), Germany, celebrated the 30th anniversary of its Biochemistry Studies Course on October 1st, 2022. The neuronal mechanisms for understanding social behaviors in rodent animal models are discussed by Nadja Freund (RUB, Germany) and an outlook on promising future directions is presented ([6]). Amazing aspects for an emerging role of ATP, apart from its use as source of energy and metabolite, were brought forward by Simon Ebbinghaus (Technical University Braunschweig and RUB, Germany). [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of GMS Journal for Medical Education is the property of German Medical Science Publishing House gGmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In distinction to research on 'peer work' within mental health systems, crisis support in grass-roots organisations of people with psychiatric experience has been researched to a far lesser extent. The topic of our study was the work of a German self-advocacy and crisis respite project that has been operating for 25 years. The purpose was to (a) understand the project's core principles within its particular history and development context, and (b) to assess the value of this approach against its own criteria of what constitute good quality responses to psychosocial crises. This was a qualitative exploration with a collaborative-participatory approach. The inquiry was divided into exploratory, evaluation and developmental phases. The methods included in-depth interviews with project workers and former residents (26) and seven focus groups as a means of validation and joint interpretation of the findings. The work of Bochum respite de-professionalises crisis support, approaching it as integral to collective efforts aimed at social justice. The main features of crisis support include a fluid and changeable division of roles, individual definition of goals and achievements, accessibility and adaptability of support, as well as a focus on both personal and collective responsibility. The findings expand the understanding of human crisis beyond mental health and demonstrate community potential to work against psychocentrism and put forward a wide range of responses. We reflect on how the research approach itself can strengthen the transformative potential of grassroots initiatives rather than ready them for co-option within mental health care systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using offset-corrected Gaia EDR3 parallax measurements and spectrophotometric methods, we have determined distances for 69 massive stars in the Carina OB1 association and associated clusters: Trumpler 16 (21 stars), Trumpler 14 (20 stars), Trumpler 15 (three stars), Bochum 11 (five stars), and South Pillars region (20 stars). Past distance estimates to the Carina Nebula range from 2.2 to 3.6 kpc, with uncertainties arising from photometry and anomalous dust extinction. The EDR3 parallax solutions show considerable improvement over DR2, with typical errors σϖ/ϖ ≈ 3%–5%. The O-type stars in the Great Carina Nebula lie at essentially the same distance (2.35 ± 0.08 kpc), quoting mean and rms variance. The clusters have distances of 2.32 ± 0.12 kpc (Tr 16), 2.37 ± 0.15 kpc (Tr 14), 2.36 ± 0.09 kpc (Tr 15), and 2.33 ± 0.12 kpc (Bochum 11) in good agreement with the η Car distance of around 2.3 kpc. O-star proper motions suggest internal (3D) velocity dispersions ∼4 km s−1 for Tr 14 and Tr 16. Reliable distances allow estimates of cluster sizes, stellar dynamics, luminosities, and fluxes of photoionizing radiation incident on photodissociation regions in the region. We estimate that Tr 14 and Tr 16 have half-mass radii rh = 1.5–1.8 pc, stellar crossing times tcr = rh/vm ≈ 0.7–0.8 Myr, and two-body relaxation times trh ≈ 40–80 Myr. The underlying velocity dispersion for Tr 14, if a bound cluster, would be km s−1 for stars. With the higher dispersions of the O stars, inward drift would occur slowly, on timescales of 3–6 Myr. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on industrial relations in MNCs remains limited to aggregate concepts and dominant actor groups. Focusing on a case study of the 2004 wildcat strike at GM Bochum, Germany, this paper argues for the inclusion of genuinely local, micro-level perspectives and marginalised actors. It makes use of an extended framework of actor embeddedness, which introduces interests and situations as core variables. The case analysis shows how diverging interests of Opel shop stewards, workers and works council members led to a multiplication of conflict lines and the development of competing rationalities within the workforce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses German labor union desiderata for a new technical college's curriculum that would bridge the gap between the academic and working worlds. The discussion among labor union representatives, scientists, and practitioners arose from plans for a university in Bochum, North Rhine-Westphalia that would concentrate on departments of engineering and sciences. The summary findings were published in a "Position Paper on the Formation of Ruhr University."

The article reports on the "Visible Evidence XIV," conference held in Bochum, Germany. This paper highlights the activities and special events that happened during the meeting. It was a conference for dynamic forums of contemporary issues within documentary modes of inquiry in the field of documentary study.

The article reports on an April 2009 congress held in Bochum, Germany, dealing with the subject "Theoretical Approaches and Concepts of Social Movement Research in the Historical Sciences." Organizers of the conference, Helke Stadtland and Jürgen Mittag, discussed the relative contributions and differing methodologies of historical versus social scientific research into social movements. Limitations of social science research were said to be proximity in time to events, emphasis on new occurrences such as non-governmental organizations, and lack of a vision of continuity and theoretical underpinning.

The article describes the Library Online Tour and Self-Paced Education (LOTSE) project for Slavic Studies (LOTSE-Slavistik) at the University Library, Ruhr University Bochum, in Germany. LOTSE-Slavistik is an open-access online tutorial that provides German-speaking students and researchers an introduction to the most important resources in Slavic languages, literatures, and cultures. The tutorial was developed at Ruhr University Bochum by the University Library in cooperation with the Slavic Department/Lotman Institute. It constitutes one module within a larger Slavistics Portal, which is itself under the umbrella of the online German national clearinghouse of subject portals, Vascoda. This pedagogically-designed module is intended primarily for students and can be used either as a stand-alone e-learning tool or as an element of an integrated Slavic information literacy course. This article sets the broader historical and institutional context for the project, describes the content and layout of the LOTSE tutorial, and summarizes how it has been used in a recent undergraduate course on Slavic information literacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The German Ruhr area is a highly condensed urban area that experienced a tremendous structural change over recent decades with the replacement of the coal and steel industries by other sectors. Consequently, a lot of major land cover changes happened. To retrospectively quantify such land cover changes, this study analysed synthetic aperture radar images of the Sentinel-1 satellites by applying the Google Earth Engine. Three satellite images are analysed by the multitemporal difference-adjusted dispersion threshold approach to capture land cover changes such as demolished buildings and new buildings by applying a threshold. This approach uses synthetic aperture radar data that are rarely considered in previously existing land cover change services. Urbanization or urban sprawl leads to changes in the urban form globally. These can be caused, for example, by migration or regionally by structural change, etc., such as in the study area presented here. The results are validated with reference data sets, which are publicly available nationally (e.g., house contour lines, normalized digital terrain model, digital orthophotos) or which are publicly available globally like the Global Urban Footprint and the World Settlement Footprint. Based on this, land cover changes could be identified for 21 locations within the study area of the city of Bochum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports on the seminar held by the Insitut für Sozialrecht of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, in Bochum, West Germany in February 1974. The topic of the seminar was "Kumulierung sozialer Leistungen." Participants included W. Schellhorn, D. Schäfer, K. Friede and Dr. Scheerer.

This article presents a list of participants and lectures at the eleventh practitioner seminar of the Institut für Sozialrecht der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, which took place in February 1978 in Bochum, West Germany. The topic of the conference was group medical practices and medical practice collectives. Dr. Jan-G. Rausch-Stroomann presented the lecture "Bedeutung der Laborgemeinschaft für die Medizinische Diagnostik." Margarete Bauer presented the lecture "Fallbeispiele vertraglicher Probleme bei Gründung und Auflösung von Gruppenpraxen aus der Beratungspraxis des Niederlassungsservice."

This article reports on the fifteenth annual practical seminar of the Institut für Sozialrecht at the Ruhur-Universität in Bochum, Germany in February 1982. The topic of the conference was determining the boundaries between an illness or the situation for long term care. Participants included P.-H. Naendrup, K. F. Röhl and H. Viefhues.