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Serum ferritin, a marker of systemic iron status, is considered a prognostic factor for patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), despite the lack of supporting evidence. We investigated the association between serum ferritin levels at diagnosis and the prognoses of Japanese MDS patients with bone marrow blasts < 5% and peripheral blood blasts < 2%. Three hundred and ninety patients with cytopenia were registered prospectively in the multicenter database, among whom 107 patients with MDS (72 males and 35 females, with a median age of 70 years) met the eligibility criteria. The median serum ferritin level at diagnosis was 204 ng/mL; we divided the cohort into low (n = 56) and high (n = 51) ferritin groups using a cutoff of 210 ng/mL. Kaplan-Meier analyses revealed that the 3-year overall survival (OS) of the high ferritin group was significantly shorter than that of the low ferritin group (66% and 79%, respectively). The cumulative incidences of leukemic progression were similar between the groups. On multivariate analysis, age, blast percentage, cytogenetic abnormalities, and serum ferritin levels at diagnosis were independently associated with OS in our patients. Thus, modest elevations of ferritin levels at diagnosis may influence the prognoses of patients with MDS who have low blast counts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Japanese National Research Group on Idiopathic Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes has been conducting prospective registration, central review, and follow-up study for patients with aplastic anemia and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) since 2006. Using this database, we retrospectively analyzed the prognosis of patients with MDS. As of May 2016, 351 cases were registered in this database, 186 of which were eligible for the present study. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that overall survival (OS) curves of the five risk categories stipulated by the revised international prognostic scoring system (IPSS-R) were reasonably separated. 2-year OS rates for the very low-, low-, intermediate-, high-, and very high-risk categories were 95, 89, 79, 35, and 12%, respectively. In the same categories, incidence of leukemic transformation at 2 years was 0, 10, 8, 56, and 40%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that male sex, low platelet counts, increased blast percentage (>2%), and high-risk karyotype abnormalities were independent risk factors for poor OS. Based on these data, we classified Japanese MDS patients who were classified as intermediate-risk in IPSS-R, into the lower risk MDS category, highlighting the need for careful assessment of treatments within low- and high-risk treatment protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]