Search

Publishing scientific articles is an expedition of tenacious efforts with patience and conscientious decision-making; however, even with such careful consideration, researchers may overlook the dubious activities of clandestine organizations or remain oblivious to the unethical aspects of publishing. Paper mills are the latest impediment to academic publishing's integrity. The increasing number of paper mill publications damages the credibility of genuine journals and jeopardizes academic integrity, adding to the vulnerability of research. This paper deals with the tactics, activity, detection, impact, and solving the menace of such fraudulent practices. This paper is a summary of existing literature and analysis that aims to increase awareness of fraudulent practices like paper mills among researchers and academicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A scientist reviewing a study spotted figures that looked identical to his own, leading to a frustrating campaign to prevent its publication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, there has been a hyper production of various scientific, professional papers, books that were available in paper or electronic form. The possibility for everyone to freely publish and be the author of works of different character brings its own challenge: how to publish a work that is original and does not infringe the copyrights of another author or another aspect of the problem: how to protect possible plagiarism of your works. The paper will analyze the rights of the authors of scientific and professional works, as a type of author's work, and the conditions of copyright that apply in the Republic of North Macedonia and in comparative law, including the most important international conventions. This paper intends to show that the researches that are done in different scientific fields need to be considered from an ethical point of view, that is, the code of ethics should be an element inseparable from the researches. Ethics in scientific - research work is of great importance in the context of the relevance of information, the conclusions reached by researchers and in general, when we talk about research, we imply ethical research. Furthermore, the concept of plagiarism, one of the biggest problems in scientific-research ethics and how plagiarism can be proven, will be analyzed. At the end, the measures that have been taken by the authors for the protection of copyrights also will be analyzed. In the course of the analysis, the (un)ethical aspects of the scientific-research work, the completion of infringing other people's copyrights, will be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers a novel perspective on trust in artificial intelligence (AI) systems, focusing on the transfer of user trust in AI creators to trust in AI systems. Using the agentic information systems (IS) framework, we investigate the role of AI alignment and steerability in trust transference. Through four randomized experiments, we probe three key alignment-related attributes of AI systems: creator-based steerability, user-based steerability, and autonomy. Results indicate that creator-based steerability amplifies trust transference from AI creator to AI system, while user-based steerability and autonomy diminish it. Our findings suggest that AI alignment efforts should consider the entity with which the AI goals and values should be aligned and highlight the need for research to theorize from a triadic view encompassing the user, the AI system, and its creator. Given the diversity in individual goals and values, we recommend that developers move beyond the prevailing "one-size-fits-all" alignment strategy. Our findings contribute to trust transference theory by highlighting the boundary conditions under which trust transference breaks down or holds in the emerging human-AI environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Egypt currently holds the record for the most retractions in the continent of Africa according to the Retraction Watch database, and the 2nd highest of countries in the Middle East. The purpose of this study was to analyse the retracted medical publications from Egyptian affiliations, in order to delineate specific problems and solutions. We examined databases including Pubmed, Google Scholar and others, for all retracted medical publications that were conducted in an Egyptian institution, up to the date of August 31st 2022. We observed for the reason(s) for retraction, number of citations of the retracted work, the length of time between publication and retraction, and where the work was published (journal, publisher and impact factor). 68 retractions were identified. Most retractions were from the speciality of Obstetrics and Gynecology (n = 22), followed by Anesthesia (n = 7). The top 3 reasons for retraction were unreliable results, FFP level misconduct, and duplicate publication. The number of retractions significantly increased over the years, especially in 2022. When taking into account the number of medical publications per institution, the institute with the highest rate of retractions was Mansoura University, while the lowest rate was Cairo University. The number of retracted medical Egyptian publications continues to increase over time, although they represent a small portion of the overall body of Egyptian medical research. Future studies on retracted articles should employ a methodology that considers the institutions where the studies were conducted. This could allow a better understanding of specific problems in certain countries or regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Awareness of when a paper can’t be trusted is often too low — but adopting some easy-to-use technological solutions can help researchers, publishers and referees to clean things up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper calls for greater ethical standards in the peer review process. Critical analysis through the lens of the COPE Ethical Guidelines for Peer Reviewers is performed on two reviews received on different versions of a paper from two different journals. Both are relentlessly negative. Neither is executed ethically. No justifiable significant criticism is evident. Both appear influenced by confirmation bias. One is characterized by apparent misreading of both the paper and the reviewer's sources, plus failure to check criticism was valid. The rhetorical style of the other diminishes clarity, introduces ambiguity, and bewilders. It conveys overwhelming negativity with no supporting substance. This paper is the first to contribute to this theme in both the accounting and the accounting history literature. It is hoped it will encourage reviewers to be ethical, that it results in unethical reviews being more readily detected, and authors being better equipped to address reviewer comments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2021, the Pandora Papers were released by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists, revealing a global network of secret financial dealings by wealthy individuals and world leaders who took advantage of shell companies, offshore accounts, and tax havens. Although the data leak was shocking, the Pandora Papers sent waves through the museum world, revealing a darker side to art dealers, wealth, and museums. The art and museum world has latched on to one major player: Douglas A. J. Latchford (1931--2020). Latchford was the pre-eminent collector and dealer of Cambodian antiquities. Prior to the Pandora Papers, Latchford was under investigation for forging documents and dealing in looted art and artifacts. With the release of the Pandora Papers, museums have had to take the brunt of the criticism surrounding the data regarding Latchford's shell companies and offshore accounts. Museum responses have been varied but are important and will set precedents for museum ethics, art dealers, collectors, and what happens when dealers or donors of objects lose their reputation. The response to the Pandora Papers from museums is an opportunity to restructure relationships between the market and the public museum. Using publicly available information, I examine how codes of ethics from museum governing bodies fall short of addressing the issues raised by the Pandora Papers. A lack of guidelines has also added to reputational harm. I focus my response on the three following museums: the Met, the Cleveland Museum of Art, and the Denver Art Museum. I then offer a range of solutions to move forward at the institution level, at the museum association level, and at a broader government policy level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly used for prevention, diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Despite the potential for AI to improve care, ethical concerns and mistrust in AI-enabled healthcare exist among the public and medical community. Given the rapid and transformative recent growth of AI in cardiovascular care, to inform practice guidelines and regulatory policies that facilitate ethical and trustworthy use of AI in medicine, we conducted a literature review to identify key ethical and trust barriers and facilitators from patients' and healthcare providers' perspectives when using AI in cardiovascular care. Methods: In this rapid literature review, we searched six bibliographic databases to identify publications discussing transparency, trust, or ethical concerns (outcomes of interest) associated with AI-based medical devices (interventions of interest) in the context of cardiovascular care from patients', caregivers', or healthcare providers' perspectives. The search was completed on May 24, 2022 and was not limited by date or study design. Results: After reviewing 7,925 papers from six databases and 3,603 papers identified through citation chasing, 145 articles were included. Key ethical concerns included privacy, security, or confidentiality issues (n = 59, 40.7%); risk of healthcare inequity or disparity (n = 36, 24.8%); risk of patient harm (n = 24, 16.6%); accountability and responsibility concerns (n = 19, 13.1%); problematic informed consent and potential loss of patient autonomy (n = 17, 11.7%); and issues related to data ownership (n = 11, 7.6%). Major trust barriers included data privacy and security concerns, potential risk of patient harm, perceived lack of transparency about AI-enabled medical devices, concerns about AI replacing human aspects of care, concerns about prioritizing profits over patients' interests, and lack of robust evidence related to the accuracy and limitations of AI-based medical devices. Ethical and trust facilitators included ensuring data privacy and data validation, conducting clinical trials in diverse cohorts, providing appropriate training and resources to patients and healthcare providers and improving their engagement in different phases of AI implementation, and establishing further regulatory oversights. Conclusion: This review revealed key ethical concerns and barriers and facilitators of trust in AI-enabled medical devices from patients' and healthcare providers' perspectives. Successful integration of AI into cardiovascular care necessitates implementation of mitigation strategies. These strategies should focus on enhanced regulatory oversight on the use of patient data and promoting transparency around the use of AI in patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to reflect on the creation of safe academic (education and research) environments that offer proper protections to adult academics and staff, so that academia and society at large may benefit from the fruits of safe workplaces. Not all academic environments are entirely safe, and there are recorded cases of victims of harassment and sexual abuse. Design/methodology/approach: Given that co-workers in a laboratory, or research subjects in a research project, may be victims of harassment or sexual abuse, and that the same individuals may then become co-authors or anonymized research subjects, respectively, in academic papers, there is a need to appreciate what structural protection exists for such victims at the post-publication level. What should academia do with the literature of legally recognized sex offenders who have published in peer-reviewed and indexed academic journals? Findings: Currently, there is no specific guidance by ethics organizations (e.g., Committee on Publication Ethics and International Committee of Medical Journal Editors) to deal with this issue, so protective mechanisms for adult victims, as well as punitive measures against perpetrators at the post-publication stage, are needed. Originality/value: There may be career-altering repercussions – personal, professional and reputational – for co-authors of legally recognized sex offenders in papers published in peer-reviewed and indexed journals. There may also be life-altering outcomes to victims of sexual abuse who are the study subjects of such papers. Thus, a robust form of post-publication protection (and justice) based on unbiased and independent ethical and legal investigations, coordinated by editors, publishers and research institutes, needs to be established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To map existing evidence and identify gaps in the literature concerning psychosocial impacts of being nil by mouth (NBM) as an adult. Design: A scoping review of the literature was undertaken using JBI guidance. A protocol was registered on the Open Science Framework (osf.io/43g9y). Reporting was guided by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR). Methods: A comprehensive search of six databases (CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, SCOPUS and Web of Science) was performed for studies published up to February 2023, with no restriction to study type. A scope of the grey literature was also undertaken. Two authors independently assessed eligibility and extracted data. Descriptive statistical analysis and narrative synthesis were used, and patient and public involvement included in funding discussions. Results: A total of 23 papers were included in the review, consisting of 14 primary studies (7 qualitative and 7 quantitative) and 9 grey literature. Both global psychological distress and distress specific to being NBM (thirst, missing food and drink) were reported. Caregivers also experience distress from their family member being NBM. Furthermore, social impacts were reported for both patient and caregiver, primarily social isolation and subsequent low mood. Conclusion: Furthermore, research is needed to understand the prevalence of this population, how best to measure psychosocial impacts and to explore whether (and how) psychosocial impacts change over time. Advancement in this area would enable better service development to optimize care for this patient group. What is known about this topic?: Eating and drinking provides more than nutrition and hydration.A wide range of conditions can lead to recommendations for no longer eating and drinking (nil by mouth).Being nil by mouth (NBM) for short periods such as pre‐operative fasting causes distress; however, little is understood about impact on longer‐term abstinence from eating and drinking. What this paper adds?: Psychosocial consequences of being nil by mouth (NBM)have been investigated by both quantitative and qualitative studies.Being NBM impacts both patients and caregivers in various psychosocial aspects, including distress and social isolation.Several gaps remain, however, regarding ways to measure psychosocial impact of being NBM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academic journals rely crucially upon the willingness of academics to review papers and for them to provide high-quality review reports. The purpose of this Editorial is to assist reviewers for Tourism and Hospitality in providing review reports that will be helpful to the journal editors in making decisions about whether to accept, reject or require revisions to papers that are submitted to the journal. It provides reviewers with a 'peep behind the curtain' of what can sometimes seem a rather opaque paper review process, with the aim of clarifying the purpose and format of the review process, and thereby to gain a greater appreciation of what it required of them. Several tips for writing high-quality review reports are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been a paucity of literature discussing how to address consent procedures as part of ethics, practitioner development, and best practice in applied sport psychology. Several researchers have addressed ethical challenges (e.g., out-of-session contact, overidentification, time, and space). However, none have substantially considered the sport-specific issues related to consent, which sits at the heart of best practice. The scarcity of discussing consent is limiting sport psychology's potential to establish itself as a more recognized profession. This article highlights some contextual issues that challenge the idea and efficacy of informed consent. It proposes adapting consent procedures in the collaboration between sport psychology practitioners and clients to better address the current contextual challenges in applied sport psychology. In doing so, the current paper introduces Empowered Consent, which is specifically designed to empower athletes and address challenges related to choosing interventions, contractual obligations, visibility in the environment, and staff trying to gain insights into confidential information. The author offers a model to enhance applied practice for those collaborating with athletes and other clients in sport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Both vulnerability and integrity represent action‐guiding concepts in nursing practice. However, they are primarily discussed regarding patients—not nurses—and considered independently from rather than in relation to each other. Aim: The aim of this paper is to characterize the moral dimension of nurses' vulnerability and integrity, specify the concepts' relationship in nurses' clinical practice and, ultimately, allow a more fine‐grained understanding. Design: This discursive paper demonstrates how vulnerability and integrity relate to each other in nursing practice and carves out which types of vulnerability pose a threat to nurses' moral integrity. The concept of vulnerability developed by Mackenzie et al. (2014) is applied to the situation of nurses and expanded to include the concept of moral integrity according to Hardingham (2004). Four scenarios are used to demonstrate where and how nurses' vulnerabilities become particularly apparent in clinical practice. This leads to a cross‐case discussion, in which the vulnerabilities identified are examined against the background of moral integrity and the relationship between the two concepts is determined in more detail. Results and Conclusion: Vulnerability and integrity do not only form a conceptual pair but also represent complementary moral concepts. Their joint consideration has both a theoretical and practical added value. It is shown that only specific forms of vulnerability pose a threat to moral integrity and the vulnerability–integrity relationship is mediated via moral distress. Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care: The manuscript provides guidance on how the concrete threat(s) to integrity can be buffered and moral resilience can be promoted. Different types of threats also weigh differently and require specific approaches to assess and handle them at the micro‐, meso‐ and macro‐level of the healthcare system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acknowledgements are usually a minor part of scientific papers, but they serve a very important function. This section of the manuscript is normally reserved to thank those who offered assistance, but not enough to merit authorship, funders, or any other people or organizations or artificial intelligent tools that may have in any way been directly associated either with the research reported in that study, or with the published paper. Despite this, it is not uncommon to see wide disparities in ethics and author guidelines pertaining to acknowledgements, as was observed in 45 publishing-related entities (journals, publishers, preprints, ethics organizations, open access aggregators) that were assessed in this study. Greater standardization is required, especially among members of ethics policy groups such as the Committee on Publication Ethics or the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. Moreover, even though verification is an essential step of this process, it is difficult to achieve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of the research is to shed light on the experiences of a group of nursing students enrolled in a yoga elective course who practiced yoga regularly for 14 weeks, regarding yoga and the phenomenon of doing yoga, with a qualitative approach. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted at a public university in Izmir, Turkey. The study sample consisted of 61 students enrolled in the 1st-year yoga course at the Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences. Except for two students, 59 of them participated in the study. Participants attended a face-to-face yoga course once a week for 1.5 h over a 14-week period. Each session comprised 30 min of theoretical instruction and 60 min of practice. In data collection, an interview form containing five questions was used to understand nursing students' experiences and thoughts about practicing yoga. In addition, A4 sized papers in different colors were presented to the participants. The participants were asked to draw and/or cut a shape by choosing the paper in the color that most evokes yoga. Then they were asked to explain why they chose this color and why they drew this shape. Participants were given one hour. After the data were collected, the pictures drawn by the participants and their descriptions of their drawings were transferred to the computer and included in the analysis. Qualitative data were hand-coded by the researchers. Within in-vivo coding, code names were formed from the participants' expressions. The findings analyzed by content analysis were interpreted with the literature under the themes by presenting quotations. Results: It was determined that the participants used nature figures (sun, cloud, tree, sky, flower) (f = 75), people doing yoga (f = 12), and sound, light and other figures (bird sound, wave sound, candle, light bulb, traffic light, heart, eye, left key, peace, swing, India, circle, etc.) (f = 29) in the shapes they drew and cut out on A4 sized papers in different colors to describe their experiences and thoughts about practicing yoga. The participants mostly chose blue-green-yellow colors (n = 41). With qualitative question analysis, a list of codes was created from the answers given by the students to the questions for the phenomenon of "doing yoga" (number of codes = 98). After the analysis of the data, four categories were reached. The category names and frequency numbers explaining the phenomenon of practicing yoga were distributed as "symbol of health and serenity (f = 345)", "the way to place goodness in your heart (f = 110)", "the most effective way to meet the self (f = 93)" and "no guarantee of relaxation (f = 71)", respectively. Conclusions: The results indicate that yoga is perceived by nursing students as a multifaceted practice that evokes a range of emotional and physical responses. Most participants associate yoga with symbols of health, serenity, and self-awareness, often using natural elements and blue-green-yellow the colors to represent these feelings. However, there is also recognition that yoga may not guarantee relaxation for everyone, as some students reported difficulties in meditation, physical discomfort, and challenges in focusing. The study highlights the variability in how individuals experience yoga, emphasizing both its positive effects on well-being and the potential challenges in practice. These findings suggest that while yoga is widely valued for its calming and health-promoting benefits, it may not be universally effective in achieving relaxation or mindfulness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper advocates for an ethical analysis of autonomous vehicle systems (AVSs) based on a moral epistemic pluralism. This paper contends that approaching the design of intricate social technologies, such as AVSs, is most effective when acknowledging a diverse range of values. Additionally, a comprehensive ethical framework for autonomous vehicles should be applied across two interconnected layers. The first layer centers on the individual level, where each autonomous vehicle becomes a unit of moral consideration. The second layer focuses on the system level, directing moral attention toward the intricate autonomous vehicle system as a whole. Distinguishing the approach from metaphysical pluralism, the paper responds to counterarguments from a moral relativist and value monist perspectives. It concludes by emphasizing the necessity of embracing epistemic pluralism to navigate the complex ethical landscape of AVSs, urging a holistic understanding that transcends individual events and integrates system-level considerations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many problems at the intersection of nuclear technology, policy, and society can be thought of as wicked problems. Wicked problems--a formulation put forward in what is now a landmark paper by Rittel and Webber (design and planning scholars respectively)--are those that lack definitive formulations, resist durable resolution, do not have an exhaustively identifiable set of true or false solutions, and are often framed entirely differently by different entities experiencing the problem. Every attempt to solve a wicked problem is a solution attempt made in the real world and thus has consequences and implications that can potentially be far-reaching. This paper describes the underlying philosophy, design, and implementation of a course on "Nuclear Technology, Policy, and Society" taught in the Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences at the University of Michigan. The course explores some of nuclear technology's most pressing challenges (or its 'wicked problems'). Through this course students explore the origins of these problems--be they social or technical, they are offered tools--conceptual and methodological--to make sense of these problems, and guided through a semester-long exploration of how engineers can work towards their resolution, and to what degree these problems can be solved through institutional transformation and/or a transformation in our own practices and norms as a field. The underlying pedagogical philosophy, implementation, and response to the course are described here for other instructors who might wish to create a similar course, or for non-academic nuclear engineers, who might perhaps, in these pages, find a vocabulary for articulating and reflecting on the nature of these problems as encountered in their praxis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI-Gen) in education is a challenge for educational administrations due to the benefits and risks of its use. This research seeks to analyse the scientific production of AI-Gen in the educational field. The method used was a bibliometric analysis of descriptive and quantitative documents from the Web of Science database. The VOSviewer statistical programme was used to identify the keyword clusters and to create the network map. The results of this study ascertain that 2023 is the birth of AI-Gen research in education and has since produced a total of 178 papers, where Australia heads the ranking of countries with studies on this subject matter. The ChatGPT phenomenon materialises as a focus of study in the majority of cited research. The study includes seven keyword clusters, where the IA-Gen cluster which is related to terms such as challenges, risks and opportunities are highlighted. Following the discussion, the main conclusion of the study denotes that further research is required on the use of AI-Gen during the teaching-learning process in several educational stages to prevent plagiarism and to obtain a comprehensive understanding of this technology as an educational resource. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper seeks to deepen and improve our understanding of business ethics in services by developing a typology that reconciles and integrates disparate and often conflicting ideas and viewpoints while providing practical guidance for ethical decision-making. Design/methodology/approach: The paper examines current theoretical approaches in ethics to provide an understanding of the ethical theories, how they have been applied and how they have evolved in businesses and marketing. It discusses conceptual issues related to ethical dilemmas and the available typologies. Findings: Based on the axioms of the Triple-A Framework for Ethical Service Research, the Typology of Ethical Dilemmas in Services (TEDS) is proposed. The typology identifies three types of dilemmas based on four dimensions considering all service interactions guided by normative ethics (virtue, deontological and consequentialism). Practical implications: The proposed DILEMMAS process illustrates the practical application of TEDS. Originality/value: This paper extends the ethics and services literature by offering a novel theoretical and practical approach to addressing ethical dilemmas. TEDS is authentic, advances our knowledge and applies to all service organizations that aim to manage ethical dilemmas effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We approach law with deep ambivalence. On the one hand, we take immense pride in living under the rule of law. On the other hand, we often catch ourselves lamenting the existence of law. When we lament the existence of law, we are not just saying that there is too much of it. We are not just complaining about the amount of law. Rather, our complaint goes to the very nature of law itself. We complain that its rules are constraining, that its generality ignores the particularity of each situation, that its coercive force rides roughshod over our autonomy, and the list goes on. However, notwithstanding the frustration with law, it is not that we want to get rid of it. This paper seeks to express and explain our conflicting sentiments about law – why we sometimes view law as a monumental moral achievement and why we are sometimes so frustrated with it. The answer, as this paper will argue, lies in the nature of norms. The value and limit of law is traceable to the value and limit of norms. Kierkegaard helps us see that. This paper will argue that our ambivalence about law mirrors Kierkegaard's ambivalence about ethics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to clarify the ontological assumptions regarding the concept of agency and sociality within business networks in the Industrial Marketing and Purchasing Group (IMP) research by refining these assumptions with a relational sociological (RS) perspective. This paper reinforces the robustness of the actors-resources-activities (ARA) model with an in-depth investigation of the actor dimension, where local interactions between interdependent individuals play a central role in building common futures within business networks through organisational reflexivity. Design/methodology/approach: This conceptual paper investigates the social ontology of research. It challenges the implicit assumptions of IMP research regarding agency and sociality within business networks with a problematisation strategy (Sandberg and Alvesson, 2011). Combining IMP views on agency with the RS perspective, it sets this combined framework as an alternative for the analysis of sustainability and ethics within business networks. Findings: Combining IMP research and an RS perspective allows us to extend the knowledge of sociality within business networks, highlighting the centrality of meaning sharing in the process of network change. By focusing on symbolic interaction processes, an RS perspective contributes to a deeper theoretical understanding of the relationship between local communication and business network patterns. Combined with an IMP perspective on agency, it provides researchers with an alternative conceptual framework for examining sustainability by considering ethics and leadership dialectically. Research limitations/implications: RS is still an emerging stream within sociology, characterised by diverse views. Not all relational sociologists, as scientists, feel obliged to engage with sustainability research. Thus, the paper is a two-sided invitation to IMP researchers and relational sociologists to delve into the adaptation processes in business networks in highly uncertain environments. Practical implications: RS focusing on the centrality of communication in local interactions, business network researchers can show that organisational leaders are not the ones with a charismatic vision isolated from any natural and social environment; rather, they are the people with "the capacity to assist the group to continue acting ethically, creatively and courageously in the unknown" (Stacey,2013). Social implications: Adopting an RS perspective on agency in business networks can help managers and researchers determine how business networks can be managed in a more sustainable way. Combined with a dialectical and processual understanding of ethics, the IMP-RS perspective emphasises day-to-day local communication practices within and between organisations that challenges microeconomic views on nature, strategy, ethics and leadership. This paper thus places the social at the centre of sustainability approaches. Originality/value: From an RS perspective, business networks are analysed as patterns of interactions between many organisations and individuals. The value of this conceptual paper is in showing that change within business networks is negotiated through local interactions and symbolic communication between individuals. Thus, it suggests the need to combine the individual and the organisational levels to analyse agency within business networks and to examine the adaptation of business networks to sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1974, the United States Congress asked a question prompting a national conversation about ethics: which ethical principles should govern research involving human participants? To embark on an answer, Congress passed the National Research Act, and charged this task to the newly established National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research. The Commission's mandate was modest however, the results were anything but. The outcome was The Belmont Report : a trio of principles - respect for persons, beneficence, and justice - serving as an ethical compass for scientists, researchers, and institutional review boards (IRBs). Almost 50 years later, the utility, legacy, and ingenuity of The Belmont Report continues to be both admired and challenged. Critics argue that Belmont is not fit for the 21st century, while supporters praise Belmont for its enduring wisdom. The goal of this paper is to equip IRB practitioners with the tools necessary to maximally interpret The Belmont Report and meaningfully engage in ethical analysis that reconsiders outmoded legacy thinking and fixed decision-making. Through historical and contextual reflection, this paper describes how IRB practitioners can contemporize review of ethical human research using their moral imagination – a skill found at the intersection of creativity, deliberation, and empathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the question of how counselling psychology might move forward into the future. It argues that, for many counselling psychologists, the defining feature of our profession lies in a humanistic value-base; and that, to move forward, we need to look at how that could be more fully actualised. The paper argues that this value-base is most succinctly expressed in Levinas's concept of 'Welcoming the Other,' and it proposes five ways in which this ethic might be taken forward: developing our capacity to see beyond diagnoses, enhancing our responsiveness, focusing more fully on our client's intelligibility, taking a lead in giving psychology away, and developing our evidence base. The paper concludes by suggesting that the key issue is not the survival of counselling psychology as a profession; but the survival, development and proliferation of this value-base. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Paper mills" are unethical outsourcing agencies proficient in fabricating fraudulent manuscripts submitted to scholarly journals. In earlier years, the activity of such companies involved plagiarism, but their processes have gained complexity, involving the fabrication of images and fake results. The objective of this study is to examine the main features of retracted paper mills' articles registered in the Retraction Watch database, from inception to the present, analyzing the number of articles per year, their number of citations, and their authorship network. Eligibility criteria for inclusion: retracted articles in any language due to paper mill activity. Retraction letters, notes, and notices, for exclusion. We collected the associated citations and the journals' impact factors of the retracted papers from Web of Science (Clarivate) and performed a data network analysis using VOSviewer software. This scoping review complies with PRISMA 2020 statement and main extensions. After a thorough analysis of the data, we identified 325 retracted articles due to suspected operations published in 31 journals (with a mean impact factor of 3.1). These retractions have produced 3708 citations. Nearly all retracted papers have come from China. Journal's impact factor lower than 7, life sciences journals, cancer, and molecular biology topics were common among retracted studies. The rapid increase of retractions is highly challenging. Paper mills damage scientific research integrity, exacerbating fraud, plagiarism, fake images, and simulated results. Rheumatologists should be fully aware of this growing phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shares results from a pedagogical experiment that assigns undergraduates to "cheat" on a final class essay by requiring their use of text-generating AI software. For this assignment, students harvested content from an installation of GPT-2, then wove that content into their final essay. At the end, students offered a "revealed" version of the essay as well as their own reflections on the experiment. In this assignment, students were specifically asked to confront the oncoming availability of AI as a writing tool. What are the ethics of using AI this way? What counts as plagiarism? What are the conditions, if any, we should place on AI assistance for student writing? And how might working with AI change the way we think about writing, authenticity, and creativity? While students (and sometimes GPT-2) offered thoughtful reflections on these initial questions, actually composing with GPT-2 opened their perspectives more broadly on the ethics and practice of writing with AI. In this paper, I share how students experienced those issues, connect their insights to broader conversations in the humanities about writing and communication, and explain their relevance for the ethical use and evaluation of language models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the complex interplay between generative artificial intelligence (AI) and human intellect in academic writing and publishing. It examines the 'organic versus synthetic' paradox, emphasizing the implications of using generative AI tools in educational and academic integrity contexts. The paper critiques the prevalent 'publish or perish' culture in academia, highlighting the need for systemic reevaluation due to generative AI's emerging role in academic writing and reporting. It delves into the legal and ethical challenges of authorship and ownership, especially in relation to copyright laws and AI-generated content. The paper discusses generative AI's diverse roles and advocates for transparent reporting to uphold academic integrity. Additionally, it calls for a broader examination of generative AI tools and stresses the need for new mechanisms to identify generative AI use and ensure adherence to academic integrity and ethics. The implications of generative AI are also explored, suggesting the need for innovative AI-inclusive strategies in academia. The paper concludes by emphasizing the significance of generative AI in various information-processing domains, highlighting the urgency to adapt and transform academic practices in an era of rapid generative AI-driven change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: International electives are often considered a valuable learning opportunity for medical students. Yet, as travelling to lower and middle income countries (LMICs) becomes more common, ethical considerations of such practices emerge. We conducted a scoping review to assess the extent to which five ethical themes were addressed in existing literature about electives, with the aim of investigating the ethical impacts of medical student electives on local resources, patients and clinicians in LMICs. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Global Health and Embase databases using the search terms "(ethics) AND (medical electives)". Thematic content analysis was undertaken using a combination of deductive and inductive themes. The deductive themes included: exceeding clinical competence, use of limited local resources, respect for patients and local culture, collaboration with local community/colleagues, and one-sided benefits in partnership. In addition, we also allowed for emerging themes within the data, and conducted a narrative synthesis of the results. Results: A total of 37 papers discussed ethical issues relating to medical student international electives to LMICs. More publications were written from the medical student perspective (n = 14), than by the host-institution (n = 5), with nearly half written from third-party perspectives (n = 18). Negative impacts on local host students and impact upon patient care were identified as additional ethical considerations. Conclusions: Our review demonstrated that while there is a degree of awareness in the existing literature of the potential negative impacts of medical electives to local LMIC students' access to medical education and patient care, continued work is needed to ensure equitable partnerships. We recommend that these ethical themes should be further explored in pre-departure elective teaching courses and post-elective debriefs to increase medical students' awareness of the impact of their presence on host communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientists compiling a review scan more than 1,000 papers and find troubling images in some 10%.Scientists compiling a review scan more than 1,000 papers and find troubling images in nearly 20%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The label severe and enduring anorexia nervosa (SE-AN) is widely used in the literature on longstanding anorexia nervosa (AN). However, the process of constructing the criteria and the use of the label SE-AN has ethical implications that have not been taken into account. Through combining existing literature and lived experience perspective, this paper addresses to what extent the current criteria do and do not reflect the lived experience. Arguments are presented on why the process of constructing the criteria for SE-AN and the application of the label can be both identified as, and give rise to, epistemic injustice. Epistemic injustice is an injustice that is done to a person as an individual with the capacity of acquiring and sharing knowledge. This type of injustice can occur at any stage of an interaction between people in which knowledge is shared with one another. The paper concludes by giving suggestions on how to pursue epistemic justice in the process of defining longstanding AN. Plain English summary: Some patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) develop a longstanding eating disorder. Over the years different labels, such as 'chronic AN' or 'treatment resistant AN', have been used to describe longstanding AN. Currently, the label that is used most often in scientific literature is 'severe and enduring AN' (SE-AN) and criteria for what entails SE-AN have been proposed. This paper looks at the possible ethical issues that have arisen in the process of constructing the criteria and possible ethical problems that may result from using the label SE-AN. The paper focuses on injustice that may arise when people with specific experiences, such as lived experience of longstanding AN, are not acknowledged as people with important knowledge to share. The paper concludes by giving suggestions on how to overcome this type of injustice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A special attention is paid in our society to the respect of ethics in research, and its violation must be sanctioned. In the academic world, citing sources is mandatory and authors' ideas must be protected in order to avoid plagiarism. Ethics is a system of rules, methods, procedures or perspectives that help in making decisions about actions and in analyzing complex problems. Ethical standards promote values that are essential in collaborative work by emphasizing trust, responsibility, respect and fairness. In recent years, plagiarism and the production of commissioned works have captured the educational networks. Until now, no mechanisms have been developed to prevent and combat this phenomenon, but many institutions have taken some measures to reduce it. This paper attempts at highlighting correct attitudes that may help reduce it, also possible measure that can be taken by institutions and individuals to combat plagiarism and any other forms of misconduct in academia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collegiality is one of the fundamental values of the nursing profession. During the nursing history, collegiality has been described as part of a nurse's relationship with their peers and it influences the quality of care they provide and job satisfaction and commitment to their work. Despite earlier definitions, the concept of collegiality in nursing has remained unclear. The aim of this study was to clarify the concept of collegiality in the nursing profession, using Rodger's evolutionary concept analysis. We carried out electronic searches using the CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, SocINDEX, PsycINFO and Eric databases and manual searches of the reference lists of the selected papers. The searches were limited to peer-reviewed papers published in English language from the inception of database to November 2022. This identified 25 papers. Based on our analysis, the attributes of the concept of collegiality were achieving mutual goals together with equality, reciprocity, trusted advocacy, powerful self-regulation and engaged belongingness. Antecedents of the concept included existing professional group, connection between professionals and professional self-esteem. The consequences were strengthening nurses' professional status, job satisfaction and their ability to provide the best possible patient care. We found that nurses' collegiality was a value-based concept, with a unique character based on professional connections. The concept brought together ethical and pragmatic strategies to achieve the best possible results for the nursing profession. Provided knowledge can be applied for further development of the concept and applying it in clinical research and practice. The concept of nurses' collegiality should also be studied in the future because both the profession and their working environment are constantly changing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Campaigners who want scrutiny of biometrics research on Uyghurs, Tibetans and other groups are frustrated by slow progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peer review is the evaluation of scientific, academic, or professional work by experts in the field. This process starts when the editor of a peer‑reviewed journal sends an article or a manuscript to two or more reviewers for review. They convey their suggestions to the editor. If the reviews are positive, the editor requests the authors to revise and resubmit the manuscript. The corresponding author provides a point‑wise explanation of the various queries raised by the reviewers and resubmits the paper. The editor may send the paper for re‑review, following which the editor makes the final decision. If accepted, the author is informed, and the paper is published. The peer review process has many variations such as blinded review (single or double blind), open review, and collaborative review. Each variant has its pros and cons. Peer review, when done before publication in a journal, has the advantage of producing papers that have undergone thorough scrutiny of their research question, methodology, and outcomes. Although this process may take more time compared to other methods, it has stood the test of time as a key quality control mechanism in scientific publishing. The reviewer should be unbiased and professional in his/her conduct and provide constructive feedback to improve the research paper. Several journals provide a checklist for peer reviewers, which facilitates a detailed review. Peer reviewing is a skill that improves the quality of publication at the level of an individual manuscript and benefits the scientific community at large. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the interesting discourses that has occurred in Thailand as a result of ChatGPT is how the algorithm is exploited in a growing number of workshops and seminars aimed at teaching how to use, or to 'prompt', the algorithm so as to maximise its potential. On the one hand, the organisers of these workshops aim at profiting from the growing demand for ChatGPT. On the other, there is a sense among the Thai public that they must reap the benefit of the technology for their own purposes. This trend seems to be more prominent in Thailand than in the West, where ChatGPT is viewed more with critical outlook. In this paper, we critically examine the perception of ChatGPT in the Thai context, especially when ChatGPT is used as a topic in these workshops. We will also discuss how this situation should lead to a discussion of how ChatGPT should be regulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A promising paradigm in the discourse on Technology Ethics and the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence has manifested in scholarly literature and practical application, entitled “Ethics by Design for A.I.”. The significance of this approach lies in its divergence from conventional assessments focused on the utilization or subsequent societal impact of technological artifacts. Instead, it directs attention to the technological design processes of digital artifacts. While the advocates of this theory acknowledge certain limitations of their theory, the complexity of the framework requires a nuanced examination of additional philosophical, political and economic challenges that remain unresolved. This paper endeavors to clarify the crucial dimensions and conceptual foundations of Ethics by Design for A.I., while furthermore, it provides a comprehensive exploration of contemporary challenges encountered by this paradigm. The principal aim is to delineate the risks and challenges inherent in this approach and to evaluate whether it can resolve the challenges posed or an exceedance is required, one that will lead to forming a different kind of Ethics by Design for A.I. founded on a whole new set of presuppositions and socio-political insights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rising prevalence of mental health disorders in adolescents, compounded by treatment resistance, underscores the need for innovative interventions. Ketamine, recognized for its rapid antidepressant and anti-suicidal effects in adults, has recently emerged as a potential treatment for adolescents with treatment-resistant depression and suicidality. This paper aims to highlight key elements of the informed consent process, including obtaining parental consent and adolescent assent, and discussing the nature of ketamine treatment, its benefits, and potential risks. Obtaining informed consent for ketamine treatment in this demographic poses unique challenges. During the informed consent process, clinicians should balance an adolescent’s growing autonomy with parental consent and address the distinct features of treatment, including ketamine’s potential to induce psychedelic-like effects. Additionally, clinicians should highlight the “off-label” use in this population and the uncertainty inherent to treatment at this time, including the lack of data on repeated ketamine exposure on the developing brain. This paper also addresses challenging scenarios related to informed consent for this treatment, such as instances when parents are willing to consent but the adolescent refuses. Alternative treatment strategies such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) are also considered. In conclusion, while an emerging body of evidence suggests that ketamine shows potential for the acute treatment of adolescents with severe depression and suicidality, adherence to informed consent principles is paramount to ensure best clinical practices and uphold ethical standards amidst the current landscape of ongoing research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although digital breast tomosynthesis has higher sensitivity than digital mammography and at least as high specificity, digital mammography remains the most common method for conducting mammographic screening. At the same time, mammography systems are now delivered "DBT-ready" and can be used for either digital mammography or digital breast tomosynthesis. In this paper, we ask whether it is ethically permissible to use such equipment for digital mammography, given its lower sensitivity. We argue it is not, and that clinics are ethically required to use their DBT-ready equipment to screen with digital breast tomosynthesis whenever this is practically possible. Our argument relies on a comparison between digital breast tomosynthesis and a hypothesized improvement in the image quality of digital mammography. Critical relevance statement: Women may lose out on the benefits of screening with digital breast tomosynthesis when DBT-ready equipment is used to screen with digital mammography; we argue that this practice is ethically problematic. Key Points: Digital breast tomosynthesis finds more cases of breast cancer than digital mammography. Mammography equipment can often be used to screen with both digital breast tomosynthesis and digital mammography. When they can, clinics are ethically required to use existing equipment to screen with digital breast tomosynthesis instead of digital mammography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anti-bribery and corruption in sport governing bodies is a little explored area in academic literature. This paper addresses the gap in the literature through expert perceptions on the current state of anti-bribery and corruption policies in international and national sport governing bodies as seen through an ethical climate theory lens. Thus, this paper addresses the question of how and why enhancing anti-bribery and corruption in sport internal controls can mitigate financial corruption and improve ethical climates. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 17 forensic accountants and anticorruption experts to garner their opinion on strengths and weaknesses of current policies in sport governing bodies and ascertain the link between anticorruption, accounting controls, and ethical climates. The transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis and the results showed a consistency of opinion with regards to the policy improvements required for a robust anti-bribery and corruption programme within sport governing bodies, with multiple implications for ethical organisational climates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates how the introduction of AI to decision making increases moral distance and recommends the ethics of care to augment the ethical examination of AI decision making. With AI decision making, face-to-face interactions are minimized, and decisions are part of a more opaque process that humans do not always understand. Within decision-making research, the concept of moral distance is used to explain why individuals behave unethically towards those who are not seen. Moral distance abstracts those who are impacted by the decision and leads to less ethical decisions. The goal of this paper is to identify and analyze the moral distance created by AI through both proximity distance (in space, time, and culture) and bureaucratic distance (derived from hierarchy, complex processes, and principlism). We then propose the ethics of care as a moral framework to analyze the moral implications of AI. The ethics of care brings to the forefront circumstances and context, interdependence, and vulnerability in analyzing algorithmic decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online crowdsourcing platforms have rapidly become a popular source of data collection. Despite the various advantages these platforms offer, there are substantial concerns regarding not only data validity issues, but also the ethical, societal, and global ramifications arising from the prevalent use of online crowdsourcing platforms. This paper seeks to expand the dialogue by examining both the "internal" aspects of crowdsourcing research practices, such as data quality issues, reporting transparency, and fair compensation, and the "external" aspects, in terms of how the widespread use of crowdsourcing data collection shapes the nature of scientific communities and our society in general. Online participants in research studies are informal workers who provide labor in exchange for remuneration. The paper thus highlights the need for researchers to consider the markedly different political, economic, and socio-cultural characteristics of the Global North and the Global South when undertaking crowdsourcing research involving an international sample; such consideration is crucial for both increasing research validity and mitigating societal inequities. We encourage researchers to scrutinize the value systems underlying this popular data collection research method and its associated ethical, societal, and global ramifications, as well as provide a set of recommendations regarding the use of crowdsourcing platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper refutes the common objection against pantheistic models of divinity that they are valueless or bereft of ethics due to the ambiguous model of God they espouse, arguing instead that pantheism can be construed as an inherently ethical model of divinity. It addresses common assumptions about omnibenevolent deities and the values they do or do not inspire. It then discusses the values that are arguably both immanent and inherent in nature itself. Finally, this paper makes the case that the ambiguity that pantheistic models of God acknowledge in nature is actually a necessary precondition for goodness itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moral distress is a pervasive phenomenon in healthcare for which there is no straightforward "solution." Rhetoric surrounding moral distress has shifted over time, with some scholars arguing that moral distress needs to be remedied, resolved, and eradicated, while others recognize that moral distress can have some positive value. The authors of this paper recognize that moral distress has value in its function as a warning sign, signaling the presence of an ethical issue related to patient care that requires deeper exploration, rather than evidencing identification of the "right" course of action. Once the experience of moral distress is identified, steps ought to be taken to clarify the moral issue, and, if possible and reasonable, the patient's values ought to be prioritized. This paper offers concrete actions steps, drawn from theory, which can be used in clinical practice to provide peer support or to facilitate self-reflection for morally distressed individuals. This approach empowers morally distressed individuals to explore ethical issues, identify concrete steps that can be taken, and mitigate feelings of powerlessness that are often associated with moral-constraint distress. The questions guide individuals and peers to reflect first on the micro-space and then more broadly on the institutional culture, facilitating meso- and macro-reflection and action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and other large language models are rapidly infiltrating the world of education and educational research. These new technological developments raise questions about use and ethics throughout the world of educational research, particularly for qualitative methods given the philosophical and structural foundations of its associated designs. This paper seeks to interrogate the perceived ethics around the use of AI in qualitative research and draws on survey data from qualitative researchers (n = 101) collected from April-May 2023. Findings indicate that researchers were more apt to embrace the use of AI for transcription purposes, and to a lesser extent for preliminary coding. Researchers from high research productivity (R1) universities were generally less accepting of AI's use in the research process than other researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides and reflects on an original lesson plan for engaging high school, undergraduate, or graduate students in learning fundamental concepts of environmental ethics. Implementation of this lesson plan effectively promoted critical analysis, reflection, and communication of environmental ethics issues in a seminar for second-year undergraduate students focused on theoretical frameworks and research methods in the field of sustainability. After reading background information about environmental ethics, students worked in small groups to answer questions about ethical issues related to the Dakota Access Pipeline in the midwestern United States. To further apply knowledge about ethics, students independently investigated a second environmental issue of their choosing, using news reports and scholarly publications to identify key ethical questions and interested parties affected by them, then wrote a position paper about how well principles of environmental ethics were upheld in their chosen scenario and how the application of ethics could be improved. In their work, students demonstrated adequate to exceptional ability to communicate knowledge of and apply relevant ethical principles, although the scope and depth of knowledge demonstrated varied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this article is to attempt to answer the question of key ethical aspects of the development of artificial intelligence considering its current relevance to CSR principles. Design/methodology/approach: The main method is the analysis of the subject literature, research results and reports analysis. Findings: This paper provides research results that the dominant theme in the design of CSR activities should be the effects of introducing AI into public life, especially protecting society from abuse by new technologies. Social implications: An overview of the achievements, positions and insights contained in selected EPTA reports as a representative of European communities focused on the evaluation of new technologies allows to spread practical value in life of society. Originality/value: The article provides insight into the considerations of basic scopes of implications of AI ethics principles on CSR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nil per os (NPO), also referred to as Nil by Mouth (NBM), is a health-related intervention of withholding food and fluids. When implemented in the context of a person with dysphagia, NPO aims to mitigate risks of aspiration. However, evidence demonstrating that NPO is beneficial as an intervention for people with dysphagia is lacking. This paper explores the theoretical and empirical evidence relating to the potential benefits and adverse effects of NPO and asserts that NPO is not a benign intervention. This paper argues for applying an ethics framework when making decisions relating to the use of NPO as an intervention for dysphagia, in particular addressing informed consent and a person's right to self-determination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]