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Architectural styles have evolved, with distinct periods marked by unique styles that reflect broader artistic movements. Despite extensive research on traditional and contemporary architectural styles, there remains a gap in understanding the distinctiveness and contributions of Parametricism as a 21st-century architectural style. This study aims to critically examine the emergence and development of Parametricism, aiming to highlight whether it represents a fundamental evolution in architectural thought and practice or primarily a methodological innovation. Through a comprehensive investigation of its formal characteristics, historical roots, and relationships with other architectural movements, this study seeks to discuss Parametricism's unique contributions to modern architecture. This research is crucial as it addresses the underexplored area of parametric design's impact on architectural theory and practice, offering a critical analysis that situates Parametricism within the broader context of 21st-century architectural styles. By clarifying the definition and position of Parametricism, this study aims to enrich both the state of the art and the state of practice in the field, providing valuable insights for scholars, practitioners, and students of architecture. Through this critical assessment, the paper contributes to the ongoing discourse on the evolution of architectural styles, highlighting the originality and significance of Parametricism in contemporary architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Perífrasis. Revista de Literatura, Teoría y Crítica is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The maritime sector plays a crucial role in global trade and economics. The competitive and rapidly growing sector requires a highly trained workforce with specific skills, especially for the twenty-first-century revolutions. Since, industry 4.0 entails the modernisation of work, which is likely to impact individuals' required skills, especially for seafarers in the foreseeable future. Furthermore, discussions on future maritime operations competencies frequently emphasize technology as a prerequisite for seafarers' ability to adapt to change. The paper seeks to explore seafarers' required skills, especially for the twenty-first century, using the modified Delphi method and Best Worst Method (BWM), which is a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) technique. Ten skills have been identified from the derived outcomes, divided into two segments: hard skills and soft skills. Technical and theoretical knowledge has been identified as the most influential hard skill, and communication skill as the most critical soft skill. The study will benefit seafarers and organisations related to training and hiring seafarers for making their decisions on the training and hiring process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Recial is the property of Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Centro de Investigaciones, Facultad de Filosofia y Humanidades and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Competition in the global era requires graduates from vocational schools to be more skilled in hard and soft skills to adapt to the industrial world. Adaptation of vocational education institutions to the industrial world is vital; thus, they can continuously update the skills of their graduate candidates. Hence, this research aims to describe the implementation of the Center of Excellence curriculum and project-based learning in a vocational high school as a form of school adaptation to the development of the industrial world in the 21st century. This research was included in a qualitative research design adopting a case study. The research respondents consisted of vocational high school residents in Central Java. Data was collected through interview techniques and observations and then analyzed interactively and descriptively. The research results then reported that the school was fully committed to implementing the Center of Excellence curriculum regarding teaching human resources and learning facilities. The project-based learning process also seemed to run optimally. Students could accept it, considering that project-based learning was implemented because it was an adaptive model to accommodate 21st century competencies. However, there is still room for improvement and optimization in order to effectively implement this operational curriculum and enhance students' ability to acquire 21st century skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand for nanomanufacturing is driven by the current trend of decreasing product sizes and the energy consumed by large modules, which will be surpassed by the creation of nanoscale products with the same qualities and functionalities as large-scale products that consume little energy and have demonstrated functional results. Putting things together atom by atom is now possible because to new kinds of microscopes and innovative techniques for manipulating tiny amounts of materials. New solvents are actively sought for by green technology to replace common organic solvents, which have a high volatility and inherent toxicity that causes volatile organic chemicals to evaporate into the atmosphere. The number of reported publications has increased meaningfully over the preceding 20 years as a result of the scientific community's intense interest in ionic liquids. In this research nanomanufacturing is considered as a viable alternative in the 21st century, the uses of nanotechnology or nanomanufacturing in the twenty-first century were reviewed. This study explores various applications of nanomanufacturing, encompassing robotics, ultrasound, agriculture, and medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

21st century era has strong competition in the world industry. Competition can be overcome by having self-ability. Soft skills are the main key in the world of industry that can be developed from an early age in school. Soft skills will help someone in pursuing a career in the future. Thus, this paper aims to analyze the knowledge of employee soft skills needed in the 21st century era to achieve personal branding. The data were taken through a literature review using several journals. By applying a strictly reproducible process, the method used was library research with analyzing peer-reviewed journal articles on soft skills needed in 21st century. This paper utilized scientific journals that focused on soft skills employee in 21st century keyword and personal branding for career keyword. The finding showed the core of employee skills were communication skill, critical thinking skill, and problem-solving skill. These core soft skills would lead to another soft skill, like creativity skill, negotiation, and decisionmaking skill. They could be formed and practiced by schools' learning through group discussion, debate, writing report, and presentation. Thus, through the implementation of core soft skills, personal branding would follow automatically as selfcharacteristic. This research made a significant contribution by providing an updated and convincing summary that could be built and applied in individuals. Thus, it has potential for future research or practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of the Institute of Ethnography of the Serbian Academy of Sciences & Arts / Glasnik Etnografskog Instituta SANU is the property of Institute of Ethnography, SASA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The library profession is in a period of change. Moving from conventional library practices and services to the modern technology and tools based sources and services, created changes in the roles they play. To provide more and more innovative services and to cope with the changing scenario of the library and its services has forced library professionals to equip themselves with better skills for their survival. This paper discussed three requisite skills, for librarian to function in the 21st century, in marketing of library services and resources for optimal utilization. And these are categorized as Professional, Technical, & Personal skills. The paper discusses marketing library services and resources as a concept, benefits of marketing, such as boosting the level of Library's patronage by users, promotion of resources; user awareness, improving the library's reputation were mentioned. Strategies for marketing which include making a library website, emailing users, setting up exhibits and displays of new arrivals, using flyers and posters, planning user education, offering electronic access to information, and planning library week were also explained. Challenges in marketing library services and resources in academic libraries in Nigeria include; lack of fund, Ineffective marketing strategies, lack of marketing policies, shortage of experienced staffing, and infrastructure limitations. Starting with an introduction to library marketing and related literature, the paper draws its conclusion and recommendations were made such as professional development for librarians involved in library marketing, librarians upgrading their technical skills, librarians should enhance their ability to trouble shoot new technology, keep abreast with new technology among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Education is a prerequisite for the development of a country. The teacher is the backbone of the education system and is the architect of society. The progress of an organization depends upon the quality of its teachers. Today's child is tomorrow's citizen of the country. To prepare efficient teachers in the 21st century, teacher educators need to be constantly top-notch in their profession. As a way of dealing with this problem, this Qualitative research aimed to explore the perspectives of teachers using technology. Also, this study involved purposive sampling of 12 teachers from the selected public schools in the six districts of Manila. Furthermore, data from this study were used as a framework for developing the Continuing Professional Development (C.P.D.). Data were gathered through online survey forms and face-to-face online interviews utilizing the researcher-made guide questions. The perceived responses were then carefully described and analyzed. The findings of the study revealed that the collective themes emphasize the importance of reflection, critique, and personal voice in the generative change model for technology integration in teacher professional development (CPD). This approach fosters individual teacher growth and innovation by encouraging reflection and introspection to develop a deeper understanding of technology use and more effective teaching strategies, providing, and receiving critique to refine and improve practice, empowering teachers to advocate for necessary changes and resources through leveraging their personal voice. Overall, this holistic approach promotes innovative CPD strategies that are responsive to the evolving landscape of educational technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Investigaciones Geograficas is the property of Universidad de Alicante, Instituto Universitario de Geografia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The need for problem-solving and creative thinking skills to be taught well in business studies classrooms can never be overemphasised due to the complexity of the problems and challenges faced by businesses in the 21st-century business environment. Teachers are, therefore, required to adopt pedagogies that would enable learners to acquire problem-solving and creative thinking skills to operate effectively in the new business environment. This study investigates business studies teachers' adoption of learner-centred pedagogy to nurture learners' problem-solving and creative thinking skills. This qualitative study is positioned within the interpretive paradigm. An exploratory case study was employed as a research design. Progressive Learning Theory was adopted as the lens of the study. Semi-structured interviews and classroom observations were used to collect data from six business studies teachers who were sampled purposefully from six secondary schools in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa. The raw data was analysed thematically. It was found that most teachers managed to adopt learner-centred pedagogy and learning activities that promoted the acquisition of problem-solving and creative thinking skills. The study concluded that business studies teachers are now embracing learner-centred pedagogy in their classrooms, and they understand the importance of teaching learners to equip them with skills that are demanded by the 21st-century business environment. Despite these findings, it is still recommended that workshops and short learning courses be offered to teachers to equip them with pedagogical skills that would help them to engrain and sustain learner-centred pedagogy in their instructional practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Data & Metadata is the property of Fundacion Salud, Ciencia y Tecnologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Language & Literary Studies / Folia Linguistica & Litteraria is the property of Journal of Language & Literary Studies / Folia Linguistica & Litteraria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Security Strategies Journal / Güvenlik Stratejileri Dergisi is the property of Strategic Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper is a study of the LIS journals published by Emerald group of publications which originated online in the 21st century upto the year 2015. Five such journals include Journal of Enterprise Information Management (JEIM), Journal of Intellectual Capital(JIC), Online Information Review (OIR), Performance Measurement and Metrics (PMM) and Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society (JICES). Highest publication is by OIR and 2009 produced most articles followed by 2008. Research paper tops the list in all the five journals. Single authored papers are predominant followed by two authored papers. Authors from UK contribute maximum numbers of papers and most papers have been contributed from Brunel University, UK followed by University of Hawaii, USA. Authors repeat contributions to the same journal. No author among the top-ranking authors is found to be writing for any other journal among the five journals except Bar-Ilan J. In 2005 most citations are received in the three journals except OIR and JICES where articles published in 2009 received most citations. A six-authored paper in JEIM received most citations followed by a single authored paper in the JIC. The average article length mostly ranges from 16-20 pages in all the three journals except PMM and JICES where it ranges from 11-15 pages. 59 unique keywords appear in the journals and eight keywords are repetitive. Contributions by Indians are negligible. The journals are found to have varied aims and scope and accept articles of varied interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial Design education is poorly understood by laypeople but is present in Australian curricula from primary through to tertiary education levels. Designers and design researchers have long recognised the value of the broad-ranging skills, knowledge fields, and personal qualities design education imparts, but this understanding is generally not shared by the wider community who may see design as surface decoration. This research identifies indicators of value and relevance taken from the twenty-first century competences literature, then measures their presence in four different Industrial Design education settings. Two studies were undertaken. First, Industrial Design educators from primary, secondary, and tertiary levels were surveyed. Then diverse Industrial Design education stakeholders from education and non-education settings were interviewed. The studies gathered both quantitative and qualitative data on the value and relevance of current Industrial Design education in Australia. The result is a comprehensive analysis of the twenty-first century competences present in Australian Industrial Design education, which concludes with recommendations for ways Industrial Design education can benefit twenty-first century learners, as well as ways it should evolve to remain relevant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 21st century has brought rapid social, technological, and economic changes that have reshaped the educational landscape worldwide. Within this context, South African school learners face a multifaceted psychological challenge that significantly impacts their well-being and educational outcomes. These challenges are shaped by the unique sociocultural context of South African societies marked by historical inequalities, cultural diversity, and socioeconomic disparities. Thus, this study aimed to explore the understanding of the psychological challenges facing South African learners in the 21st century through the visual explanatory research design. To develop effective interventions and support systems, the study employed a qualitative research approach from the interpretive paradigm perspective to explain the researched issue textually and visually through its participants' perspectives. The research context and the participants were purposefully and conveniently selected from two secondary schools in the Kwa-Zulu Natal province of South Africa. Besides, the study utilised the focus group discussion and drawing as a visual explanatory approach to generate data. Further, thematic data analysis was used to assign codes and themes. The findings indicate that South African learners are negatively impacted by the psychological challenges that come with the advancement of technology in the 21st century. This study suggests that both parents and the teachers must understand that technology brought both pros and cons to young generations; thus, guidance and restrictions should be employed in the use of technological devices for the benefit and well-being of these learners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlighted even in the Bible within the famous episode of liberation of Israelites from Pharaoh's slavery under the leadership of prophet Moses, intelligence as an action of collecting information about enemy for the purpose of creating an advantage for own side or as a way of fortifying own security has constituted a realm of ideas from immemorial time. Many scholars illustrated different examples and gave different reasons for researching the paradigm of intelligence yet the aspect less emphasized was the importance of connecting and discussing intelligence in relation with the effectiveness of diplomatic and military undertakings correlated to specific strategic cultural and geopolitical contexts. This paper discusses the importance of reshaping intelligence in accordance with the 21st century security challenges and indicates that intelligence should suffer profound transformations for the purpose of backing the settings of nations' foreign policies according to their desired geo-strategic status. Overall, intelligence might be nowadays the silver bullet reaching the minds of soldiers, society and policymakers for a secured world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of CECIL Cahiers d'etudes des cultures ibériques et latino-américaines is the property of Revue Cahiers d'etudes des cultures iberiques et latino-americaines (CECIL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of CECIL Cahiers d'etudes des cultures ibériques et latino-américaines is the property of Revue Cahiers d'etudes des cultures iberiques et latino-americaines (CECIL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of CECIL Cahiers d'etudes des cultures ibériques et latino-américaines is the property of Revue Cahiers d'etudes des cultures iberiques et latino-americaines (CECIL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of CECIL Cahiers d'etudes des cultures ibériques et latino-américaines is the property of Revue Cahiers d'etudes des cultures iberiques et latino-americaines (CECIL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The 21st century has offered unlimited opportunities to library and information science (LIS) professionals to explore their potentials and engage in productive ventures through the use of Internet and digital technologies. The objectives of this paper was to explore inforpreneurship opportunities that library and information science professionals could venture in the information industry as well as unravel the challenges that might be encountered especially in today's world of 21st century. The opportunities discussed include: information brokerage, information systems consultancy, blogging and advertisement, web development/programming, database designing/distribution as well as internet café/business centre. The study stressed that these opportunities could enable tech-savvy LIS professionals to engage in one or more of these ventures without necessarily waiting for white collar jobs from the government. They could also offer job opportunities to themselves and to others, become self-reliant, as well as prestige associated with the jobs which could ultimately contribute in boosting the economy of the country, reduce unemployment and empower people. Challenges bedevilling LIS professionals from engaging in inforpreneurship as highlighted by this study include: lack of inforpreneurial spirit and fear of competition, lack of requisite skills/expertise, lack of adequate funds/capital, lack of adequate electricity and bandwidth and poor patronage from fellow citizens. Finally, the study recommended encouraging LIS professionals to develop inforpreneurship spirit during their course of study, reviewing curriculums that could inculcate inforpreneurship ideas in students, granting soft loans to graduates who are endowed with inforpreneurship ideas, improving power supply as well as encouraging fellow citizens towards patronising information products and services produced locally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper includes a Systematic Literature Review of the tools for detecting and/or measuring Ethical Leadership in the business world published between 2000 and 2020. The review attempts to explore, analyze and synthesize the most recent evidence from the field with the aim to summarize and integrate knowledge regarding Ethical Leadership. Our goal is to build a documentation framework for further research and future design of a more concise and accurate tool covering all possible aspects of Ethical Leadership. We choose the Systematic Literature Review method because it is structured and minimizes subjectivity when selecting and analyzing data. Our work addresses researchers/scholars, postgraduate students, PhD candidates, and private and public sector officials who need scientific evidence to support decision-making and/or policy designing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to examine the method in which young adults determine their leisure preferences, taking into consideration variables such as income level, gender ender, and availability of free time, and to investigate the potential associations between these characteristics and their ability in 21st-century skills. In this study, correlational research methodology was used to examine the impact of income levels, daily leisure time, 21st-century skill levels, and gender on the recreational activity preferences of university students. A total of 366 students from Necmettin Erbakan University were selected as a representative sample through face-to-face questionnaires, aiming to capture the characteristics of the full population. The data collection instruments comprised of a participant form and the "Multidimensional 21st Century Skills Scale." Recreational activities were classified into various categories. The research employed a multiple logistic regression analysis to forecast individuals' preferences for recreational activities, while considering factors such as income levels, daily leisure time, 21st-century skills, and gender. The results of the research showed that the significant impact of gender on individuals' preferences concerning sports, touristic, leisure, cultural, and artistic activities. In conclusion, this study highlights the factors that affect the recreational activity choices of university students, emphasizing the importance of 21st-century skills and other demographic variables in understanding these choices. This knowledge has the potential to provide insights into the development of initiatives aimed at encouraging a wide range of engaging recreational activities among young adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literacy and library are like Siamese twins that cannot be separated. Society draw literacy skills from the libraries the same way an individual draws from his memory to meet his immediate information needs. Examined in this paper is the relevance of literacy library to the functional literacy need of the 21st Century adult learners. Literacy library is conceptualised as a special library provision targeted at adult members of the society who have enrolled or willing to enrol in a learning programme. Key features of Literacy library are outlined, followed by brief description of specific materials relevant to the 21st century learning engagement of adult. Few studies on public library have focused on addressing problems facing adult learners in accessing library services. This paper recognised the fundamental role Literacy libraries can play in confronting the exclusion of adult learners in library provision and also provided useful insights to the peculiar nature of their literacy needs in their given context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Álabe is the property of Alabe and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper aims to assist lecturers, universities, and their administrators in improving the relevance of political science undergraduate degree programs in the context of globalization and the Fourth Industrial Revolution era. This paper will reflect on how to tailor the political science degree to achieve a sustainable career and improve students' employability in the future. The latest theoretical frameworks incorporating the concept of "sustainable" career development were used in advancing the model of employability in the political science field. The author relies on a qualitative approach and the literature review with implications for practice in advancing the notion that competency-based approaches with the development of specific skills are vital in ensuring relevance and sustaining career opportunities for modern political science students in the future. Educators should rethink how they deliver political science degrees, keeping in mind the emerging trends in technology, pedagogical approaches, and HR practices in the respective job markets. This paper offers insight into how to tailor an exciting political science program for the future of work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literacy and library are like Siamese twins that cannot be separated. Society draw literacy skills from the libraries the same way an individual draws from his memory to meet his immediate information needs. Examined in this paper is the relevance of literacy library to the functional literacy need of the 21st Century adult learners. Literacy library is conceptualised as a special library provision targeted at adult members of the society who have enrolled or willing to enrol in a learning programme. Key features of Literacy library are outlined, followed by brief description of specific materials relevant to the 21st century learning engagement of adult. Few studies on public library have focused on addressing problems facing adult learners in accessing library services. This paper recognised the fundamental role Literacy libraries can play in confronting the exclusion of adult learners in library provision and also provided useful insights to the peculiar nature of their literacy needs in their given context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bordes, Revista de Estudios Culturales is the property of Universidad de Los Andes, Fundacion Cultural Bordes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Investigaciones Feministas is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study aimed to develop, validate and determine the level of acceptability of a content-based strategic teaching guide in Trends, Networks and Critical thinking in the 21st Century in developing the competencies for the subject Oral Communication in Context. It utilized a quantitative method of gathering data based on a descriptive-developmental research design. Based on the findings, the competencies in Oral Communication in Context were successfully attained by the developed teaching guide. Critical thinking and problem solving gained the highest overall mean which is verbally interpreted as Proficient; written communication skills came second which is interpreted as Accomplished; and the third in rank is oral communication skills which is interpreted as Effective. The level of acceptability of the material was measured based on content, format, organization and presentation and accuracy and up-to-datedness of information. Results revealed that the material is highly acceptable based on the evaluation of HUMSS teachers, users and curriculum writers. Despite the high ratings, a few points for improvement were given by the curriculum writers which all focused generally on the design and physical features of the developed material. In conclusion, the developed material can be an efficient tool to teach the target subject area, but minor improvements shall be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Studies - Educational Sciences is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Definition: In the 21st century, prior to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous transformations were already underway in the field of employment. However, this unprecedented global health crisis has had a profound influence on employment worldwide, yielding both positive and negative outcomes across various labor aspects. Consequently, while certain effects are anticipated to be temporary, others are likely to instigate enduring changes in employment practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Perífrasis. Revista de Literatura, Teoría y Crítica is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Knowledge management is an essential area of activity in organizations. It harnesses valuable information resources for the benefit of patrons and success of 21st century academic libraries. Academic libraries have important role in updating its practices in knowledge management which increases enviable technological devices and sophiscated system of storage and retrieval. Thus the paper highlights the concept of knowledge management, knowledge application management, knowledge dissemination management, knowledge management skills for information professionals, importance of knowledge management in academic libraries and knowledge management tools. Thus the paper posits that academic libraries adopt knowledge innovation management, in order to deliver library services through innovative library technology to ensure they remain relevant in the 21st century. It was recommended among others that knowledge management practices should be inculcated into academic libraries in the provision of library services and information dissemination to patrons. Also, information professionals should constantly update their skills and competencies in order to be key players in knowledge management phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinical relevance: The scientific foundations for clinical contact lens practice are rooted in the ophthalmic literature. This analysis of contact lens papers celebrates contemporary research achievements in the contact lens field.Background: This work aims to assemble contact lens-related publication metrics so as to identify the most impactful papers published so far this century, as well the top countries, authors, institutions and journals.Methods: A search was undertaken of the titles of papers on the Scopus database to identify contact lens-related articles published this century. The ten most highly cited papers were determined from the total list of 4,164 papers found. Rank-order lists by count were assembled for the 'top 25' in each of four categories: authors, institutions, countries and journals. A 20-year subject-specific contact lens h-index (hCL-20-index) was derived for each author, institution, country and journal to serve as a measure of impact in the field. The top 10 constituents (of the top 25) of each category were ranked by hCL-20-index and tabulated for consideration.Results: The most highly cited paper this century is entitled 'Soft contact lens polymers: An evolution', by Nicholson and Vogt. Lyndon Jones is the most impactful author, with a hCL-20-index of 32. The University of New South Wales (Australia) produces the most impactful contact lens-related papers, and the United States is the most highly-ranked country. Optometry and Vision Science is the most impactful journal in the contact lens field.Conclusions: Contact lens materials and lens-associated keratitis are topics of high interest in the contemporary contact lens literature, with an emerging interest in orthokeratology for myopia control and glucose monitoring. Impactful 21st century authors, institutions, countries and journals are identified. Optometry is revealed as the leading profession in relation to the publication of impactful contact lens-related papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To conduct a systematic review of public relations ethics (PRE) research and scholarship in the 21st century and suggest future research directions. The study is prompted by macro-level phenomena that have impacted societies since the beginning of the 21st century—notably globalisation 4.0 and the fourth industrial revolution. Design/methodology/approach: A systematic review was used to search academic literature. Articles discussing PRE in nine leading English-language public relations and business ethics journals between 2000 and 2019 were reviewed. A code-frame facilitated data extraction and subsequent quantitative analysis; qualitative analysis identified key themes. Findings: The review identified 288 articles, with discussions involving PRE increasing over time. Most works approached the topic generally, rather than from a specific sub-disciplinary perspective, and drew from professional settings. Works were dominated by authors from North American institutions and North American samples. Research became increasingly empirical and intra-disciplinary and discussion about ethics was broadly categorised as part of public relations practice or from the perspective of the "academy". Overall, the field can be described as of notable size, maturing, yet unbalanced in some regards. Originality/value: The review helps to identify whether PRE research reflects major changes in the 21st century and augments the sparse recent reviews of PRE research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Willing to challenge the classical tradition, Richlin (2005) adapted the Latin play Persa by Plautus to a contemporary context using American slang and pop culture. Richlin aims at making Roman comedy performable, popular and funny again whether onstage or in the classroom. Is her radical modernisation a form of domestication that is often criticized in translation studies for being unfaithful and unethical? Based upon a comparison between the original Latin text and Richlin’s version, this paper questions the ethics of faithfulness which play a major role in translation terminology, a system determined by the traditional polarity between domestication and foreignization. By highlighting the ludic nature of Plautus’ comedy (especially the ongoing joke with Greek culture and language), this paper argues that using modern transposition is a heavily Plautine strategy suitable for recovering the immediacy of comedy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to data obtained from Romania census we can observe a tendency of a continuous increase in the evolution of the ethnic structure of Roma ethnic population, but a comparison with the results of complementary studies raises question signs regarding a change of an identity nature. For this reason, the paper analyses identity elements specific to Roma communities in Romania, presented in specialty litterature (linguistic, social, economic, educational and judicial elements) and resulted from an investigation based on questionnaired and on an interview focused on groups. The results show the fact that the belonging to a tribe is a main characteristic of Roma population. The ability to speak Romani is low; in Romania there are cases of entire communities of a Roma people which lost their language. Nowadays we can observe a trial to revive the Romani language through inter-cultural programs and the promotion of books and dictionaries. The economic profile of persons of a Roma ethnicity is discouraging, characterized by small incomes, of social assistance or by the performance of poorly paid activities which cannot guarantee a secure income. In the affirmation of a Roma ethnic identity cultural traditions are the ones that come first. The construction process of an identity is now centered on a cultural affirmation, on the mobilization of resources from the community, by encouraging and forming intellectual and political elite. A reconsideration of the Roma ethnics in the structure of the contemporary Romanian society must necessarily begin as a redefining of an identity realized by these ethnics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to extend the scope of cultural criminological research through an investigation of gender representation in 21st Century Bollywood films focusing on portrayals of Sexually Transgressive Behaviour (STB). A sample of nine films released between 2000 and 2016 was analysed against a set criterion that includes: off-screen gender demographics, three tests to analyse the scope of the female character, incidents of Sexually Transgressive Behaviour (STB) and the male gaze. The results demonstrate that Bollywood continues to be a male-dominated industry and that female narratives are largely neglected. The majority of films analysed (six films) demonstrate a blatant objectification of women and seven of these demonstrated clear manifestations of STB. Only two of the nine films pass the Bechdel-Wallace test (a test which indicates the number of female characters, their interactions, and nature thereof), only three films show an independent female character arc and five films have replaceable female characters. This paper concludes that Bollywood films show the potential of being criminogenic (tending to produce crime) and the overall results are indicative that there is ample scope for further academic studies of Bollywood through a cultural criminological lens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current flow of human beings escaping their countries' turmoil is not a temporary surge or a passing crisis. Mass migration, accompanied by sudden surges of people, will be a permanent challenge to 21st century states and world order. Recent surges of refugee and asylum claimants are testing the capacity of states and eroding traditions of welcome in receiving countries for refugee and migrants alike. At the same time, the intersection of forced migration, human rights, and conflict presents a unique challenge for world foreign policy in this 21st century. These three factors are already beginning to combine in ways that undermine traditional understandings of national security and offer ample reason to revisit traditional divisions of labour between diplomacy, defence, economic social development policy around the world. Accordingly, this paper has three objectives. Firstly, this paper provides a brief overview of refugee issues in the 21st century with major issue of forced migration, human rights, and conflict and its implications. Secondly, this paper highlights emergent issues and challenge faced by the countries around the world regarding refugees and humanity. Thirdly, this paper discusses the challenge of world diplomacy when it comes to the issue of refugee and humanity. Finally, the paper will highlights the ways in which world foreign policy must adapt to meet the challenges they facing today regarding this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows an overview of the achievements of historiography regarding education in the Republic of Croatia in the 21st century. The paper represents an attempt of bringing all results achieved by Croatian historiography regarding the forementioned question. Due to the number of different kinds of publications, only the basic information are represented in the paper, i.e. information about authors, publication year, publishers, journals (for articles), number of pages i bibliography of the publication. Therefore, this paper is not about content analysis of the publications, so it does not pretend to be an analysis of the Croatian historiography achievements regarding the forementioned question in the specified period. The main aim of this paper was to present all publications regarding the question at one place. The author reserves a possibility that some publications, unintentionally, may have been omitted from this overview. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital game-based learning (DGBL) can be regarded as a promising teaching pedagogy to prepare students for challenges of the 21st century. However, the incorporation of digital games into K-12 curricula remains limited. Research suggests that a comprehensive understanding of barriers and motivational factors that teachers face when implementing DGBL is needed to ensure that teachers can receive the support required. To delineate suggestions for tailored curricula on game-based pedagogy in teacher education programs, we conducted a study to gain insight into in-service teachers' perception of DGBL in relation to their previous experience in teaching with DGBL. To achieve our goal, we examined the factors that impede and promote the implementation of DGBL among in-service teachers who are presently pursuing master's level education programs, having in mind that this group of teachers is different from pre-service teachers. Data was collected using an online survey with open- and closed-ended questions. The sample consisted of in-service teachers (n=37) who were enrolled in a master's course in math education. The data analysis conducted was of a qualitative nature. One significant finding derived from this study is that the level of pedagogical experience in utilizing games as a teaching tool appears to be a crucial factor in understanding the inclination of in-service teachers towards game-based pedagogy. Pedagogical factors were mentioned by teachers at all stages of experience with DGBL, and differences were observed between teachers at different stages. For instance, in-service teachers with experience with DGBL (intermediate and advanced stages) were concerned about being able to maintain focus on the math concepts, the need to adapt the game lesson to students, and the ways to evaluate student learning less experienced teachers were essentially concerned about ways to control the classroom during DGBL and whether the pupils would receive adequate practice in this learning mode. Differences were also noted for other factors between teachers at different stages. Advanced stage teachers did have concerns about game appropriateness for the intended learning; teachers with less experience were concerned about the lack of games (technical factors). Dealing with an existing curriculum and high workload were common aspects for teachers with no or some experience but only teachers with some experience mentioned obstacles related to school organization (structural factors). Teachers with few and some experience referred to the lack of knowledge and competence (personal factors) and that pupils would not take the lessons with games seriously (social factors). This research supports DGBLpractice (i) by adding new knowledge on the factors that can support or constrain the integration of DGBL and its implications for the development of curricula on game-based pedagogy; (ii) by providing suggestions to design and implement meaningful curricula on digital game-based pedagogy for teaching education and training programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We set out to investigate the significant responses of the digital economy to legal education, as well as some of the practical proposals made in response to system criticisms. In order to do this, important suggestions made by legal and educational experts to modify legal education in light of the pervasiveness of technology were identified. It then delves deeply into how colleges and universities are evolving as AI enters the market. The research was conducted on the impact of AI on legal education as well as suggestions for necessary modifications. Relevant literature searches were conducted using both qualitative and technical methodologies, as well as a deductive hypothetical procedural approach, in this interdisciplinary exploratory research. Furthermore, legal education should shift from a retrospective to a forward-looking and projective perspective, integrating technical knowledge and quantitative methods, while not ignoring the practice of traditional skills, communication, and descriptive standards so extremely valued by legal professionals, thus emphasizing the need to develop creativeness in students. However, in parallel, a policy must be devised that takes into consideration the ethical issues associated with the use of AI in the classroom. Lastly, it is obvious that there is no likelihood of AI replacing the legal professions in the near future. However, institutions must notify students that some legal profession responsibilities may be performed by AI technologies? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Gandhiji is remembered as a great leader, as he suggested a revolutionary approach to the challenges of India's historical situation. He tried to actualize the needs and aspirations of the Indian people of his times. The 21st century, 'the era of development', has brought with it a number of problems. The COVID-19 experience has once again sensitized us to the need of being independent, self-sufficient and having economic growth which is inclusive and equitable. This research paper explores Gandhiji's thoughts and its relevance to Indian economy today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]