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Literature reviews are an essential feature of academic research because, fundamentally, the advancement of knowledge must be built on prior existing work, and to push the frontiers of knowledge, one must be clear as to where these frontiers presently are. By systematically analyzing, synthesizing, and summarizing bodies of related literature, hypotheses can be tested and/or new theories and insights developed. However, despite the recent increase in systematic review research in business and management, and particularly marketing literature, arguably, many reviews continue to be poorly undertaken and reported due to a lack of a rigorous modus operandi for their journal editors, reviewers, and readers. The purpose of this paper is twofold, first to offer marketing researchers and practitioners a modus operandi to better demonstrate the optimization of rigor when undertaking quantitative systematic review research, and second to represent a call-to-action for marketing scholarship to engage further with optimizing rigorous systematic review research in the future. The paper thereby contributes to marketing literature by offering researchers and practitioners a three-stage protocol to demonstrate the optimization of rigor when undertaking systematic review research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Highly cited papers (HCPs) can influence both research and clinical practice. They help to identify core literature and important advances in a field. This study aimed to assess the current status and prospects of South Asia COVID-19 research from the HCPs using bibliometric indicators. Methodology: COVID-19 literature from South Asia published between December 2019 and 29 November 2023 in the Scopus database was analysed. The top HCPs, having more than 200 citations, were evaluated. Information about citation counts, authors and organisations and their affiliations, year of publication, source journal, geographical origin, subject, article type, funding details, etc. were retrieved and analysed. Data and visualisation analysis was undertaken using Microsoft Excel and other bibliometric software. Results: The 298 South Asia HCPs were published from 2020 to 2023 and were cited 200–3,596 times, with a mean average of 413.9 citations per paper (CPP). Around 24.5% and 51.3% of HCPs received external funding support and were involved in international collaboration, respectively. The most productive organisations were the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, and the Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, while the most impactful organisations were Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children, Mumbai, and Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital & Medical Research Institute, Mumbai. The most productive journals were Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. Conclusions: This study has identified core and significant authors, organisations, journals, subject fields and significant keywords, collaborators and funding agencies involved in South Asia's COVID-19 research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of medical scientific journal publishing merits further explanation for authors and readers. Prospective authors need to understand the scope of the journal and the article types that are published. We give an overview of the editorial process, including selection of reviewers, peer review and decisions regarding revision, acceptance and rejection of papers for Australasian Psychiatry. We encourage authors and readers to submit papers, and volunteer as peer reviewers, working together with the journal editorial team. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In previous decades, large-scale research has been carried out on bacterial meningitis. In every field, citation analysis is the most significant contribution. The study's objective was to identify and analyze the 100 articles on bacterial meningitis that received the most citations between 2000 and 2023, highlighting the most significant developments in the field. Objective: The objective of this study was to find out what makes a highly influential article by identifying and analyzing the characteristics of the 100 articles in the field of bacterial meningitis that receive the most citations. The goal of this study was to find and examine the 100 articles on bacterial meningitis that received the most citations. Methodology: We identified the top 100 most-cited papers in the field of bacterial meningitis from 55 journals using the Dimensions AI database. The results of each author's analysis of 100 articles were then compared. We gathered fundamental data such as the journal's title, country of publication, and study type. Descriptive counts or percentages were used to compare the various categories. Results: Between the year 2000 and the year 2023, articles were published. The total number of citations ranged from 115 to 1176, with 42 papers receiving more than 200 citations. In 2008, 14 articles were published, followed by 10 in 2000 and 2007. One thousand one hundred and seventy-six times were given to the most-cited paper, whereas 115 times were given to the least-cited article. "Clinical Features and Prognostic Factors in Adults with Bacterial Meningitis," by Diederik van de Beek, et al. (2004) was the article that received the most citations. 1176 people have cited this article. van de Beek Diederik of the Academic Medical Center in The Netherlands is the author who has written the most articles, was mentioned in 14 of the top 100 articles. Papers were primarily published in Pediatrics (n = 9) publication with 1861 citations. The Netherlands came in second with 18 publications, followed by the United States (n = 46). Conclusion: Our study uses bibliometrics and visualization analysis of the most important articles in this field to show the current state of research in the area of bacterial meningitis, provide a history of research trends, and offer a perspective for future bacterial predicts the growth of meningitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This narrative review explores papers published in peer-reviewed journals reporting research from a practice research module of a qualifying program to examine their potential contribution to knowledge in mental health social work. Methods: A narrative review was undertaken according to the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews of papers published by the first three cohorts of a practice research module. Results: Eleven papers were included in the review which found, for example, some deficits in practitioners' knowledge, confidence and understanding. The studies were modest and had some common limitations, but a high number of online views indicate that the papers have the potential to impact on practice. Conclusion: This review found that it is possible to use a practice research module of a qualifying program to train social workers to undertake and publish high-quality research which has the potential to influence policy or practice beyond a students' own learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper-based materials are being alternative candidates to build load-bearing components for the high demanding building sector to be committed to the green transition, but more knowledge of structural mechanics of such components is needed. In this work, three categories of innovative load-bearing sandwich beams with cup-box core fully made of different paper materials were produced, tested and analyzed in four-point bending. The first failure mode was observed at the top facesheets due to the low compressive strength of paper materials; Beams with thin facesheets had premature buckling failure, whereas those with thicker facesheets exhibited ductility reaching higher deflection before the compressive failure. The developed finite element model, calibrated with the experiments for the equivalent bending and shear rigidities, provided figures of the modulus of the facesheet as well as the properties of the core. Furthermore, the compressive plasticity behavior of the facesheets was assessed by fitting the model with load-deflection curves from the tests. Using the model for the structural optimization of the thickness and height of the core, the work suggests optimal values 3 times higher than the original ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/Background: Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich., a plant of the Cupressaceae family, is known for its leaves and cones rich in essential oils, which are traditionally used in folk medicine. This study employed hydrodistillation to extract essential oils from three parts of T. distichum, namely its leaves, twigs, and cones, and evaluated the yield and composition of these oils as well as their anti-mildew property on paper. Methods: The chemical compositions of the essential oils from the three parts were analyzed using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The anti-mildew properties were assessed on paper against seven mold fungi, namely Aspergillus clavatus, A. niger, Chaetomium globosum, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Myrothecium verrucaria, Penicillium citrinum, and Trichoderma viride, following standards such as TAPPI T487 cm-93 and CNS 2690. Furthermore, the essential oil demonstrating the strongest anti-mildew properties was selected from the oils extracted from three different parts, underwent column chromatography for isolation, and the main active compounds were identified. Results: Among the three parts, cones had the highest essential oil yield (0.53 ± 0.03 mL/100 g), followed by leaves (0.46 ± 0.02 mL/100 g) and twigs (0.06 ± 0.01 mL/100 g). The main components were limonene (39.8%) and α-pinene (37.1%) in leaves; limonene (16.8%), α-pinene (15.8%), and ferruginol (11.0%) in twigs; and ferruginol (43.2%) and caryophyllene oxide (12.5%) in cones. The cone oils exhibited the most effective anti-mildew properties on paper. Furthermore, the cone oils were fractionated into six fractions (CO1–CO6), with the CO4 fraction exhibiting the best activity. CO4's main components were ferruginol, caryophyllene oxide, and β-caryophyllene. Ferruginol showed the best anti-mildew performance, with 100% inhibition at 200 μg/cm² for all strains. Conclusion: The study results indicated that essential oils from the cones of T. distichum and ferruginol exhibit promising anti-mildew effects on paper. Therefore, further research and development are highly warranted for their application in inhibiting fungal growth on paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On 7 September 1847, in Melbourne in the Port Phillip District of the Colony of New South Wales, David John Thomas (1813–1871) presented a paper, 'On the inhalation of the vapour of Æther, with cases', at an ordinary monthly meeting of the Port Phillip Medical Association. This is the earliest known presentation of a paper on etherisation in Australia. The partial publication of the manuscript in October 1847 in the Australian Medical Journal may have led to it being returned to Thomas in Melbourne. The handwritten manuscript is now preserved in the Medical History Museum, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria. A transcript of the complete manuscript is now recorded with relevant historical notes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the high prevalence of weight bias among fitness professionals, few resources are currently available to educate fitness professionals about weight bias and no systematic review of weight bias interventions has been conducted among this population. This paper therefore reviewed extant weight bias interventions for fitness professionals to inform future weight bias-reduction initiatives. Seven reports comprising six studies were identified from inception until April 2024. Findings showed small to large improvements in explicit weight bias, particularly on the weight control/blame component. No improvements were observed in implicit weight bias. The results show an urgent need to bridge the gap between the resources currently available in the fitness industry and those developed by the scientific community and to develop novel multifaceted interventions that draw from multiple theories of attitude and behavior change to effectively tackle weight bias among fitness professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The document is a call for papers for a special issue of the Journal of Management Education focused on management education in Africa. The aim of the special issue is to nurture the development of management education in Africa by providing a forum for research and scholarship that is sensitive to the unique cultural, historical, and institutional context of African business schools and universities. The call invites submissions on various topics, including pedagogies in African contexts, curriculum puzzles, academic careers for African management educators, and entrepreneurship learning and education in Africa. The timeline for submissions and publication is also provided. [Extracted from the article]

Cerebral Autoregulation (CA) is an important physiological mechanism stabilizing cerebral blood flow (CBF) in response to changes in cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP). By maintaining an adequate, relatively constant supply of blood flow, CA plays a critical role in brain function. Quantifying CA under different physiological and pathological states is crucial for understanding its implications. This knowledge may serve as a foundation for informed clinical decision-making, particularly in cases where CA may become impaired. The quantification of CA functionality typically involves constructing models that capture the relationship between CPP (or arterial blood pressure) and experimental measures of CBF. Besides describing normal CA function, these models provide a means to detect possible deviations from the latter. In this context, a recent white paper from the Cerebrovascular Research Network focused on Transfer Function Analysis (TFA), which obtains frequency domain estimates of dynamic CA. In the present paper, we consider the use of time-domain techniques as an alternative approach. Due to their increased flexibility, time-domain methods enable the mitigation of measurement/physiological noise and the incorporation of nonlinearities and time variations in CA dynamics. Here, we provide practical recommendations and guidelines to support researchers and clinicians in effectively utilizing these techniques to study CA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights the three best papers awarded by Group & Organization Management (GOM) in 2024. The first paper explores the impact of leaders' confidence in managing racially diverse teams, finding that leaders with high diversity self-efficacy are more effective in creating inclusive environments. The second paper focuses on workplace gossip and its effects on relationships, emphasizing that the interpretation of gossip by recipients can either strengthen or harm relationships. The third paper discusses the role of leadership in promoting environmental sustainability within organizations, emphasizing the importance of leaders' green behaviors in shaping organizational practices and policies. These papers provide valuable insights for organizations aiming to enhance diversity, foster positive relationships, and promote environmental sustainability. [Extracted from the article]

Despite capitalizing on many new possibilities offered by the digital revolution, our research community still remains bound by the 17th-century technology of research results reporting. Our work can progress faster and achieve greater impact within and beyond academia if we replace the one-package manuscript form, born three hundred years ago, with a full package that takes advantage of everything digital technology has to offer. However, the switch from paper-bound to digitally enabled logic will not be easy as our thinking and practices have been formed by decades of honing skills that bring success in the current conventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The International Journal of Market Research (IJMR) is celebrating its sixty-fifth anniversary. Over the past decade, the journal has experienced significant growth in readership, impact factor, citations, and submissions. While the majority of accepted papers come from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, and Germany, the journal aims to bridge the gap between academia and practice in the field of market research. In order to enhance its relevance and accessibility, IJMR will transition to an online-only format, adopt an interdisciplinary focus, provide guidelines for more user-friendly article formats, and publish a list of research priorities based on the perspectives of leading practitioners. [Extracted from the article]

This paper proposes diary studies as a methodological choice for addressing crucial questions in qualitative process research. Diary studies unearth within-individual relationships that capture individual experiences and sense-making of these experiences in a processual manner. Therefore, using diary studies not only addresses the need for more dynamic methodological designs in qualitative research, but is advantageous for providing a process view of how the individual engages with the constructs studied. While process-studies, studied longitudinally, are often fraught with challenges of attrition or disengagement, this paper discusses how a methodological choice which is perceived as being beneficial by the participant can sustain engagement and consequently, research rigour. On one hand, a comparison of interview and diary data from the same participants show evidence of memory decay in interviews and reinforce the rigour of diary studies in the study of processual phenomenon. On the other hand, this study also showcases how researcher know-how, unintentionally imparted through reflective and processual questions asked in the study positively impacts the participants, and when reflected on, enhanced learning. This paper therefore demonstrates the ability of a research method to benefit both the research and the researched, and suggests a step-by-step design to implement a rigorous and impactful diary study using user-friendly forms and reflective questioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-management of long-term conditions requires health professionals to understand and develop capabilities that empower the population they serve. A rapid evidence review was undertaken to assess the current evidence based on the psychometric properties of patient empowerment tools. MEDLINE was searched, and data were extracted for each publication and scored using a modified Psychometric and Pragmatic Evidence Rating Scale (PAPERS) evidence rating scale. The results were grouped into the following domains: (a) health literacy; (b) patient activation; (c) long-term conditions; (d) self-management needs and behaviors. A full-text review of 65 publications led to the inclusion of 29 primary studies. The highest scoring tools were selected with respect to performance for each domain: (a) Newest Vital Sign and the Brief Health Literacy Screen; (b) Consumer Health Activation Index and PAM-13; (c) LTCQ and LTCQ8; and (d) SEMCD and Patient Enablement Instrument. PAPERS was a useful tool in determining the generalizability, validity, and reliability of these patient empowerment tools. However, further research is required to establish whether an individual's health literacy status influences patient empowerment tool outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a call for papers published in the Journal of Management Education. It highlights the impact of business actions on society, both positive and negative, such as forced labor and microfinancing. The document emphasizes the role of business leaders in addressing major global issues and calls for scholarship on how management education can develop leaders who are ready to tackle these challenges. It defines Grand Challenges as large-scale complex problems and identifies the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals as examples. The document also discusses the characteristics of Grand Challenges and the opportunities for management education to develop leaders who can address them. It provides illustrative questions for potential contributors and submission guidelines for the special issue. The deadline for full paper submissions is August 31, 2024. [Extracted from the article]

The automotive industry introduces a sizable number of new automobile products annually. The naming of new products may have significant impact on their market performance. Diverging from prior research on the impact of product names, companies' innovative consciousness endows them with a certain level of proactive positioning, thereby implementing independent naming strategies after considering product factors and consumer preferences passively. This paper analyzes the drivers of the market performance of sequential products on the naming of new products in Chinese automotive industry. We collected market share data and names of various car series from January 2007 to September 2022. Then, we calculated semantic distances between names and performed empirical tests. Our findings show that firms demonstrate a risk preference pattern contrary to traditional prospect theory when using the previous car series' market share as a reference point. In the interplay between market orientation and risk preferences, the relationship between the market share of the last car series and the similarity in names between old and new car series follows an inverted U-shaped pattern. This study extends the discussion on risk preferences within the behavioral theory of the firm (BTOF) and proposes a decision mechanism for product naming that considers market and firm factors during the response phase of market orientation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In insurance, proposing an accurate premium that is adjusted to the insured risk profile allows companies to better manage their portfolios and to be more competitive. Machine learning methods have recently been adopted for various improvements in insurance ratemaking, especially in the automobile industry. These models are specifically used to mine potential data information and to build a predictive model for a variable of interest using explanatory variables. In this paper, we aim to provide a pricing method for ratemaking individual healthcare insurance contracts using machine learning algorithms that are applied to a Tunisian healthcare insurance portfolio. We start with a simple Classification and Regression Tree, and we work toward more advanced methods that are Random Forest, Extreme gradient boosting, Support Vector Regression, and Artificial Neural network regression model. The predictive performance of these non-parametric methods is compared with the standard generalized linear model. Our results showed the applicability of machine learning in the healthcare insurance market and that the XGBoost algorithm outperforms the predictive capacity of the classical generalized linear model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the role of sentiment and specific emotion analysis in forecasting donation behaviour within the context of social networking services (SNSs). The study empirically examines the influence of sentiment and specific emotion analysis on donation behaviour for two non-profit organizations (NPOs): The Fred Hollows Foundation (The Foundation) in both Australia and New Zealand, and The University of Auckland (UOA) in New Zealand. We collected and analysed 298,569 tweets from 106,349 users mentioning these NPOs, along with 5,175,359 tweets mentioning the top 20 US brands from 1,623,113 users. We found that NPOs are often associated with brands that induce joy. Furthermore, sadness expressed by marketers and joy expressed by users positively affected donations to The Foundation, while user-expressed anger positively influenced donations to UOA within the same month. A two-month rolling average analysis highlighted the significant effect of lingering negative emotions on monthly donations over time. Specific emotion analysis outperforms sentiment analysis by demonstrating a higher effect size (R 2 ). We advocate for the application of the transformer-transfer learning method for specific emotion analysis when scrutinizing large-scale social media data and devising fundraising strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New technology can be a source of great optimism and a force for positive change in the research industry. As such, it is important to discuss the merits of emerging technology. In this research note, the emergent opportunity for qualitative research in the metaverse is discussed. This paper looks at how rich sensory virtual environments with multiple sensory modalities might help address some of the shortcomings of traditional online qualitative research. The importance of establishing social presence in virtual qualitative research is addressed. Then, how the metaverse might help remove some of the constraints of 'big qual' is debated. The potential for the metaverse to improve participant inclusivity is considered, before finally discussing the issue of research ethics in a decentralised virtual world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research note addresses a significant gap in the literature regarding the underlying mechanisms of purchase decision-making that lead to unplanned and impulse purchases. Although several papers have highlighted the differences between the two purchase types, recent academic publications continue to use those terms interchangeably. Through a systematic literature review, this study identified six high-level constructs, in line the Theoretical Domains Framework, that effectively differentiate unplanned from impulse purchase types. Overall, impulse (vs. unplanned) purchases have a primary association with automatic (vs. reflective) motivation. With these findings, academic researchers can better define the types of purchase they are investigating, including the main constructs and underlying psychological mechanisms that are associated with these purchases. As a result, this study substantially improves the reliability of knowledge in this domain. Additionally, this study may encourage marketers to expand their existing toolkits with a broader set of activities that can drive these different purchase types. For instance, marketers could appeal to different underlying purchase decision-making mechanisms: for unplanned purchases, they could offer reminders of related products; for impulse purchases, they could focus on immediate gratification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Refugee parents who fled conflicts suffered violence and traumas and face huge challenges in supporting the health and welfare of their children while in transit. Aims: To describe the development of a culturally competent and compassionate training and support package (TSP) for nurses, social and healthcare workers and volunteers, with a focus on parenting needs among unsettled refugees fleeing conflict. Methods: The multi-method approach included: a scoping review covering parenting needs of refugees fleeing conflict zones; collection of stories from refugee parents, healthcare workers and volunteers via a mobile application; discussions between team members; a piloted and evaluated curriculum. Results: High levels of family distress and deterioration of parental identity were identified. Informed by these results, the curriculum is articulated along 20 bite-sized learning units, covering four age stages of childhood as well as targeting adults' well-being. Pilot training was evaluated positively, confirming feasibility and usefulness of the TSP. Conclusions: Unsettled refugee parents fleeing conflicts face psycho-social and practical difficulties negatively affecting their parenting skills. The care workforce should be trained in order to provide culturally competent and compassionate support to help these families. Open access digital platforms are promising as autodidactic and self-help tools among hard-to-reach populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amidst the intensive cola war in the Indian market, Hector Beverages Private Limited introduced ethnic drink as a competitive strategy to attract Indian consumers. This move aims to attract Indian consumers by not only offering health benefits and nutritional value but also providing a sense of connection to the past and emotional satisfaction through old memories. Paper Boat, an ethnic and nostalgic beverage brand of Hector Beverages, has disrupted the Indian beverage industry, challenging market leaders to provide innovative and nutritional drinks. The case study highlights Paper Boat's innovative value proposition and nostalgia marketing campaigns, while also examining the competitive strategies of major players in the Indian beverage industry. The case study also raises important questions that Hector Beverages must consider remaining relevant in a changing market and retaining its competitive advantage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly cited papers showcase high-quality research and encompass significant themes in the field. This study examined a total of 435 highly cited papers based on Essential Citation Indicators in the Web of Science (WoS) category of sport sciences with a bibliometric method. In particular, the bibliometric indicators of the highly cited papers including publication venues, authors, countries, institutions, and the top cited publications were presented and analyzed in detail. An Abstract corpus was constructed to help identify the most frequently explored topics. VOSviewer was employed to visualize the co-occurrence networks of keywords. The study revealed the trending information of important contributors at the levels of journals, authors, countries, and institutes. The top cited publications can be grouped into three categories: guidelines, recommendations based on systematic reviews, and evaluations. The most frequently explored topics based on the Abstract corpus and the most frequently used keywords from VOSviewer mapping overlap to a great extent. Specifically, topics such as meta-analysis, systematic review, sport-related concussion, sedentary behavior, football, rehabilitation, and osteoarthritis are among the most frequently mentioned. The results provide the most updated publication characteristics and hot topics of highly cited papers in sport sciences and offer insights for academic researchers in future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, we investigate gender bias against politicians in a large set of news articles (n = 1,139,571) published in major media outlets in the United States between 2010 and 2020 by tracing changes in reporting about 1,095 US politicians. Using topic modeling with latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), we identify main policy-related topics in media reports. We find gender differences in the coverage of certain policy issues, with major imbalances explained by societal factors. Specifically, we show that women in high-level political positions receive less media coverage than their male counterparts and women in less powerful positions on economic and national security issues. However, women and men in less influential positions do not differ in the amount and type of reporting they garner. Since women are still underrepresented in leadership positions, the US media may inadvertently reflect and reinforce existing gender biases in society by devoting more attention to high-profile politicians, who are overwhelmingly male. Although our longitudinal analysis shows positive changes, the gender gap in reporting continues to exist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Delirium is a common complication in acute stroke patients, occurring in 15–35% of all stroke unit admissions and is associated with prolonged hospital stay and a poor post-stroke prognosis. Managing delirium in acute stroke patients necessitates an intensive and multiprofessional therapeutic approach, placing a significant burden on healthcare staff. However, dedicated practical recommendations for delirium management developed for the population of acute stroke patients are lacking. For this purpose, the Austrian Stroke Society, in cooperation with the Austrian Society of Neurology, the Austrian Society of Neurorehabilitation, and the Austrian Society of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics has formulated an evidence-based position paper addressing the management of delirium in acute stroke patients. The paper outlines practical recommendations on the three pillars of care in stroke patients with delirium: (a) Key aspects of delirium prevention including stroke-specific delirium risk factors and delirium prediction scores are described. Moreover, a non-pharmacological delirium prevention bundle is presented. (b) The paper provides recommendations on timing and frequency of delirium screening to ensure early diagnosis of delirium in acute stroke patients. Moreover, it reports on the use of different delirium screening tools in stroke populations. (c) An overview of non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment strategies in patients with delirium and acute stroke is presented and summarized as key recommendation statements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this brief communication, we highlight several critical inaccuracies in the paper entitled "A novel methodology for a time-delayed controller to prevent nonlinear system oscillations," identified by the DOI: 10.1177/14613484231195276. The core of the non-perturbative approach discussed in this paper is the introduction of a trial solution with an indeterminate nonlinear frequency. We elucidate the technical missteps and provide necessary corrections. The scrutinized article presents ample opportunities for enhancement, and we propose several amendments. Additionally, we reveal that the numerical outcomes showcased in the mentioned paper expose deficiencies in the proposed approximate solution. With the amendments implemented herein, a more precise numerical solution is achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An editorial is presented that discusses what constitutes a contribution at the "Journal of Management" ("JOM"). The authors note that the key requirement for impact at JOM is that a paper "substantively moves the field of management forward." The theoretical insights path, the phenomenon-driven path, the research methodology path, and the review paper path are all explored.

This article examines the influence that digital life stories (DLS) can have on cancer research, using the PARCA1 project as an example. After describing the theoretical framework of DLS, we present the PARCA1 project. The PARCA1 project was anchored in the French context (Grand Est region) and aimed at producing knowledge on patients' experience of the cancer pathway through DLS. It involved 10 patients chosen to favor heterogeneity in profiles and experiences of illness. The paper describes the digital tool and the life stories methodology used to accompany the DLS. Next, it presents the methods and strategies used by participants to complete their DLS and the relationship between people with cancer and the accompanying researcher. Following this, we present (1) the impact of DLS on people with cancer, i.e., their progressive engagement in research, and (2) the impact on research, i.e., the methodological impact of people with cancer on research. In the discussion and conclusion, we explore how DLS can impact individuals who engage in them and their role in research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Lean Startup movement fundamentally changed entrepreneurial education and the way new ventures evolve. While Steve Blank and other founders of the movement embraced academic ideas, the movement grew among practitioners largely disconnected from academic entrepreneurship research. The purposes of this special issue are (1) to better connect Lean Startup practice to academic entrepreneurship research and (2) to advance theory regarding Lean Startup practices and their outcomes. After a brief and personal story of Lean Startup's beginnings by its founder, Steve Blank, the first set of papers in this special issue juxtapose Lean Startup with alternative approaches to new venture creation developed by scholars outside the influence of the Lean Startup movement. The second set of papers describe how Lean Startup might be contextualized for different unique situations. The third set dives into different Lean Startup practices to help researchers and practitioners think more deeply about decisions and trade-offs made during implementation of Lean Startup. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article calls for papers that examines the power dynamics, accountability mechanisms and cultural challenges shaping environmental justice and corporate-environmental relations in the tropics.

Tax havens are often connected to growth in tourism, as finance and tourism conveniently share infrastructural prerequisites. This paper addresses the detrimental impacts of a tax haven development strategy adopted by small open economies in relation to the development of their tourism industry. Utilizing the synthetic control method, we find that since the 2016 Panama Papers scandal, Panama's tourism exports have fallen relative to an estimated counterfactual level that would have otherwise been attained. Moreover, based on an analysis of panel data drawn from 20 small open economies, we find that in the long run, the growth of the financial industry crowds out the tourism industry. Our findings warn tourism practitioners, based in tax havens, that they face an additional risk linked to potential tax scandals. Furthermore, the tourism industry may suffer reputational harm due to tax haven blacklisting and the crowding out of productive resources by the financial industry. JEL classifications: F43, H26, O57, Z32 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores a rapid and low-intensity qualitative method that yields deep and rich insights into Generation Z and Millennials, who constitute the largest consumer group in history. This group favours frictionless digital solutions and their engagement with 'elaborate' qualitative techniques is unlikely, requiring researchers to marshal efficient technology-facilitated methods that render comparable insight. We assess the capacity of a 'simple' projective technique – online word association, accompanied by a few supporting questions – to offer as fine-grained insight into this consumer group against a more involved story stem completion method. The UK buy-now-pay-later (BNPL) context provides a complex novel market for this examination. Results suggest strong conceptual interconnection between the word association and the story stem completion task. Word associations generated similar resonance and tonality to that of the story stem but in a more compact manner, which liberates researchers and participants alike. The word association task focuses and delineates attention on a narrower set of words, not often done in the context of more traditional qualitative techniques, including story stem completion. Young consumers' vocabularies reveal their most salient perceptions of the phenomenon. The word association task also facilitates Generation Z and Millennials' active and positive online engagement, removing resistance and withdrawal from the research. This improves marketing response through immediacy, relevancy, and potency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2000, Pincott and Branthwaite published 'Nothing New Under the Sun?' which discussed the role of the internet in research both in terms of the hazards and opportunities this confers. Specifically, Pincott and Branthwaite argued that whilst the advent of the internet offers up new approaches and techniques, this must not be at the detriment of methodological rigour and standards we have grown accustomed to in the industry. In this paper, it is argued that the advent of big data, big qual and the emerging potential of the metaverse present new opportunities in research but pose the same questions originally conceived by Pincott & Branthwaite, 2000. Moreover, methodological rigour and standards are framed by three interconnected themes, namely, the role of data science and big data, the importance of softer skills of interpretation and narration and finally, the role of theory in elevating and grounding research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The document discusses the gap between theory and practice in Human Resource Management (HRM), particularly in sustainable and inclusive HRM. It highlights the need for a global perspective in HRM research, as current knowledge is heavily influenced by Western perspectives. The special issue in Group & Organization Management focuses on theory development and research methods to address sustainability and inclusion in a global context. The papers cover topics such as sustainable employability, interactions in the workplace, diversity and inclusive management, and leadership, offering valuable insights for academics and practitioners aiming to create better workplaces worldwide. [Extracted from the article]

Objectives: The deltoid ligament can tear in association with ankle fractures, syndesmotic injuries, or independently. In previous biomechanical research. the optimal surgical treatment for an anterior deltoid tear has been shown to be a repair with a tibiocalcaneal augmentation, with no additional benefit of a tibiotalar augmentation. However, tibiocalcaneal augmentation is technically challenging to perform as there is a risk of damage to neurovascular structures in the medial ankle. Therefore, by testing tibiotalar augmentation first, the purpose of this study is to determine if this simpler surgery is sufficient to stabilize the ankle in the setting of an anterior and complete deltoid tear. Additionally, concerns over loss of range of motion due to overconstraint in plantarflexion and dorsiflexion have been raised with ligament augmentation surgery. The secondary purpose of this study is to determine if these concerns are warranted. We hypothesize that sectioning the deltoid ligaments will substantially heighten ankle laxity in eversion and external rotation, anterior deltoid repair will mitigate laxity but not restore native stability, and incorporation of tibiotalar and tibiocalcaneal augmentations will further improve stability. We hypothesize that none of the surgical treatments will introduce loss of range of motion due to overconstraint. Methods: Ten cadaveric ankles were mounted on a 6° of freedom robotic arm. Each specimen underwent biomechanical testing in 9 successive states: 1) Intact, 2) Anterior deltoid cut, 3) Anterior deltoid repair, 4) Repair + tibiotalar augmentation, 5) Repair + tibiotalar + tibiocalcaneal augmentation, 6) Posterior deltoid cut, leaving anterior repair and augmentations intact, 7) Removal of the tibiocalcaneal augmentation, 8) Removal of the tibiotalar augmentation, and 9) Removal of the anterior repair (complete cut state). This study design allowed the comparison of the 3 treatment options separately in the setting of an anterior tear and a complete tear. Testing consisted of 6 range of motion tests, measuring how much rotation occurred under a 5-Nm load: 1) Eversion at neutral, 2) Eversion at 25° plantarflexion, 3) External rotation at neutral, 4) External rotation at 25° plantarflexion, 5) Plantarflexion, and 6) Dorsiflexion. One-factor random intercepts linear mixed effects statistical models were created to run an analysis of variance followed by post-hoc pairwise comparisons between testing states in the setting of an anterior tear and a complete tear. Results: The results from the anterior cut analysis are shown in Figures 1 and 2, and the results from the complete cut analysis are shown in Figures 3 and 4. The anterior tear significantly increased ankle laxity compared to native in all tests: external rotation at neutral (+2.8°, p<0.0001), at 25° (+2.4°, p=0.0002), eversion at neutral (+2.1°, p=0.0019), at 25° (+5.6°, p<0.0001). The complete tear significantly increased ankle laxity compared to native in all tests (all p<0.0001): external rotation at neutral (+6.9°), at 25° (+7.2°), eversion at neutral (11.6°), at 25° (+12.0°). In the setting of the anterior tear, an anterior repair restored native ER at neutral and 25° and eversion at neutral but remained significantly more lax at 25° plantarflexion (+2.9°, p=0.0007). In the setting of a complete tear, the anterior repair failed to restore native stability in any test. The tibiotalar augmentation showed no significant differences from the anterior repair in any test either in the setting of an anterior or complete deltoid tear. The addition of the tibiocalcaneal augmentation restored native external rotation and eversion stability at neutral and 25° plantarflexion, both in the setting of an anterior tear and a complete tear, showing significant improvements over the tibiotalar augmentation. No significant reductions in range of motion were found for any surgical state in any test compared to native. Conclusions: The tibiotalar augmentation showed no significant improvement over a suture repair in the setting of an anterior or complete deltoid tear. The addition of a tibiocalcaneal augmentation showed significant improvement over the tibiotalar augmentation, restoring native stability in eversion and external rotation in the anterior tear and complete tear models. When these augmentations were tested in the reverse order, previous research showed that the tibiocalcaneal augmentation demonstrated significant improvement over the anterior repair, and the addition of tibiotalar augmentation demonstrated no significant change. Therefore, the optimal treatment in the setting of an anterior or complete deltoid tear was a suture repair plus a tibiocalcaneal augmentation. While this surgery may be technically challenging, it has a strong stabilizing effect on the ankle joint, and future research is necessary to further improve the safety and simplicity of this technique. Nonoperative management of deltoid ligament tears may lead to persistent changes in ankle biomechanics and poor patient outcomes. Deltoid ligament repair with augmentation might hasten rehabilitation, reduce stiffness, and facilitate earlier resumption of preinjury activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is a condition characterized by abnormal subchondral bone with disturbance of overlying articular cartilage. Pathophysiology for the etiology and underlying mechanism of OCD lesion development is not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of lower extremity weightbearing axis with femoral condyle OCD lesion location, and if this association was affected by certain patient and OCD lesion characteristics such as lesion stability, skeletal maturity, and the presence of the OCD lesion on the medial versus lateral femoral condyle. Methods: This was a retrospective case series at a single, large academic institution. The primary outcome was the association of femoral condyle OCD lesion location with lower extremity weightbearing axis as categorized by Cahill and Berg zones of the knee. Secondary outcomes included sub-group analyses (treatment, skeletal maturity, and lesion stability) and contribution of femoral and tibial mechanical axis to lower extremity weightbearing axis deviations (mechanical lateral distal femoral angle [mLDFA] and medial proximal tibial angle [MPTA]). For unilateral OCD lesions, mechanical axis was compared between affected and unaffected lower extremities. Results: Eighty-six patients and 95 knees with an OCD lesion of the femoral condyle were identified, with 9 patients (11%) having bilateral OCD lesions. There were 74% male patients with average age of 21 years old. 65% of knees had closed distal femoral physes, 82% of OCD lesions were unstable on MRI imaging, and 85% underwent a surgical procedure. Seventy-five percent of OCD lesions were located in Cahill and Berg zone 2 at the lateral aspect of the medial femoral condyle. Lower extremity mechanical axis was located in the same zone as the OCD lesion in 48% of cases and within the same knee compartment in 56% of cases. Over 90% of OCD lesions were within ±1 zone of the weightbearing axis. There were no significant differences in the association of mechanical axis and OCD lesion location in subgroup analysis of medial versus lateral femoral condyle OCD lesions, skeletal maturity, stability of the lesion, or treatment group. For patients with varus alignment and medial femoral condyle OCD lesions, the mean mLDFA was 89.9° and MPTA was 85.4°, whereas for valgus alignment and lateral femoral condyle lesions, the mLDFA was 84.8° and MPTA was 88.8°. Both the mLDFA and MPTA were significantly different when comparing medial to lateral femoral condyle OCD lesions (p <0.001 and <0.001, respectively). Patients with unilateral medial femoral condyle OCD lesions were more likely to have varus alignment of the affected extremity compared to the contralateral extremity (59% vs. 36%, p = 0.01). Conclusions: This study demonstrated a relationship between lower extremity mechanical weightbearing axis and femoral condyle OCD location. Patients with unilateral medial femoral condyle OCD lesions are more likely to have varus alignment in the affected extremity. Varus alignment associated with medial femoral condyle lesions had similar varus contributions from both femoral and tibial alignment whereas valgus alignment in the setting of lateral femoral condyle lesions appear to have predominantly femoral contributions. There were no significant differences in association with mechanical axis among medial versus lateral femoral condyle lesions, OCD lesion stability, or distal femoral physeal status. More work is required to better understand the relationship between mechanical axis and femoral condyle OCD lesion pathophysiology with the long-term goal of identifying patients at risk for progression of lesion instability and developing potential interventions to preserve articular cartilage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: A DFO can be performed via two techniques: a lateral opening wedge (LOW) osteotomy and a medial closing wedge (MCW) osteotomy. Small case series have looked at how leg length is affected by a lateral opening wedge DFO, however, there is a lack of research comparing these leg length changes to medial closing DFO. Additionally, no studies have presented a model for predicting the leg length changes that will occur following DFO of either technique. Given that limb length differences can lead to accelerated osteoarthritis, back pain, hip pain, and other issues, being able to predict which technique can help prevent this pathology without a secondary procedure would be an important finding. Finally, the medial closing wedge osteotomy can allow for immediate weight-bearing while the lateral opening wedge does not and typically has associated cost with bone grafting. Therefore, we designed this study to validate a tool designed to predict leg length changes after distal femoral osteotomy (DFO) and compare changes following medial closing wedge (MCW) and lateral opening wedge (LOW) techniques. Methods: A collaborative retrospective review was performed of patients from Rush and Mayo Clinic databases who received a DFO and had full-length standing radiographs both pre-and postoperatively. For each preoperative radiograph, the region on the medial (for LOW) or lateral (for MCW) distal femur cortex that would be the "hinge point" during DFO was identified. The distances from the center of the femoral head to the hinge point ("A"), from the hinge point to the center of the tibial plafond ("B"), and the resultant angle at the hinge point ("α") were measured (Figure 1). Figure 2 demonstrates the equation used to plot a graph of the predicted leg length changes corresponding to the change in α angle produced by DFO. Final leg length was calculated on postoperative radiographs, and the difference between predicted and true leg length changes was compared using paired Wilcoxon signed rank exact tests. Results: 10 MCW and 10 LOW patients were included. For both LOW (n=10) and MCW (n=10) osteotomies, the predicted leg length change was equivalent to the true change measured on postoperative radiographs (LOW P=0.16; MCW P=0.85). LOW DFO's had 5.10 ± 2.77 mm (range: 1.45-10.87 mm) of leg lengthening, compared to 2.61 ± 1.25 mm (range: 0.50-4.56 mm) of leg shortening (p<0.001) for MCW (Figure 3). On average, there was 0.85 mm of lengthening (range 0.5-1.3 mm) for every 1° of mechanical axis correction with LOW DFO, compared to 0.45 mm of shortening (range: 0.1-1.4 mm) per 1° of MCW correction. Conclusions: This study presents a tool to accurately and reliably predict the leg length changes seen after both medial closing and lateral opening wedge DFO's. Knowing what leg length changes to expect with each DFO technique is a useful tool that surgeons can utilize during surgical planning. Preoperative radiographic imaging can be used to predict leg length change following DFO with high reliability and accuracy. Surgeons can expect approximately 0.85mm of lengthening per 1° of DFO correction when performing LOW, compared to 0.45mm of shortening per 1° correction for MCW osteotomies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Tibial spine fractures (TSFs) are common in the pediatric population. While screw and suture fixation are used for surgical repair, most studies in porcine or adult human bone suggest suture fixation is superior. However, a recently published report by this study group demonstrated that two-screw and two-suture repair, where sutures were tied over a metaphyseal bone bridge, were biomechanically comparable in human pediatric cadaveric knees. The key failure mechanism of the suture group involved 'cheese wiring' through the metaphyseal bone bridge. Therefore, this study hypothesized that TSF fixation with sutures attached to anchors placed in stronger cortical bone would produce biomechanically superior repair. It evaluated the properties of these constructs in human pediatric knees and compared them to prior results obtained from two-screw and two-suture constructs. Methods: In the previous study, pediatric knee specimens were randomly assigned to two-screw or two-suture fixations. Circumferential marks were made around the ACL insertion (Figure 1A). An osteotome induced a standardized Meyers-Mckeever Type III TSF (Figure 2A). For knees assigned to screw fixation, each fracture was reduced and held in place with two 4.0 mm cannulated screws and washers (Figure 1B). For knees assigned to suture fixation, two No. 2 high-tensile-strength sutures were passed through the fracture fragment and the base of the ACL, one through the anterior 1/3, the other through the posterior 1/3 (Figure 2B). The sutures were passed through medial and lateral bony tunnels, each 1cm away from the midline and two physis lengths distal to the tibial plateau. The fracture was reduced by pulling tension on the sutures, which were then secured over a 1cm tibia bony bridge (Figure 2C). Each specimen was potted in fiberglass resin and then mounted for biomechanical testing on a servohydraulic load frame (Figure 1D, 2D) at approximately 30° of flexion to simulate typical ACL loading conditions. Each specimen was then subjected to cyclic preconditioning, which consisted of 20 cycles of loading between 5 and 25N at a rate of 60 cycles per minute. Next, a cyclic loading protocol was applied to each specimen. This included 500 cycles between 5 and 75N at a crosshead speed of 100mm per minute, sampled at 20Hz. Upon the completion of cyclic loading, samples were allowed to recover for thirty minutes. Finally, a load-to-failure protocol was conducted at a rate of 0.5 mm per second. The primary outcome was the ultimate failure load in newtons (N). The mode of failure was macroscopically documented. In the current study, six new pediatric knees were selected to best match the age and laterality of the previous screw and suture groups. These specimens were placed through the same dissection, fracture, biomechanical testing, and data collection protocols used in the prior study. However, the present study assessed a different fixation: suture plus suture anchors. Suture plus suture anchor specimens were repaired in the same way as suture specimens, with the following exception: instead of tying sutures across a metaphyseal bony bridge following their exit of the medial and lateral bony tunnels, the sutures were secured with knots to two 2.8 mm suture anchors, also placed 1 cm away from the midline medially and laterally, at a distance of three physis lengths from the tibial plateau (Figure 3A, 3B, and 3C). Independent samples t-tests compared ultimate failure loads between pairs of repair methods, while a one-way analysis of variance test was used to compare ultimate failure loads across all repair methods. Results: A total of eighteen (Range: 5 years – 11 years) pediatric cadaveric knees were tested: twelve from the prior published study, and six in the suture plus suture anchor group. The screw and suture repair groups had identical mean (8.30 years) and median (8.50 years) ages, while the suture plus suture anchor group had a mean and median age of 9.33 and 9.00 years, respectively. All groups had an identical number of samples of each laterality. The ultimate failure load significantly differed across fixation methods (p = 0.008). This relationship was primarily driven by higher ultimate failure loads in the suture plus suture anchor group (Mean: 224.00N, SD: 48.37N) when compared to the screw (Mean: 143.52N, SD: 41.97N) (p=0.01) and suture (Mean: 135.35N, SD: 47.94N) (p=0.009) groups. Ultimate failure load did not significantly differ between screw and suture fixations (p = 0.7597). One screw and one suture construct did not survive the cyclic loading protocol. All suture plus suture anchor constructs survived. Every screw construct failed at the level of the intact tibial spongy bone; no failure occurred through the ACL-fracture fragment complex. Four suture constructs failed by cheese wire through the cortical bony bridge, while two failed by cheese wiring, thus creating a new fracture, in the ACL-tibial spine avulsion fracture complex. Each suture plus suture anchor construct failed because of a fracture of the ACL-tibial spine avulsion fragment complex (Figure 3D). Conclusions: Screw and suture fixation of type III Meyers-Mckeever TSFs have statistically comparable ultimate failure loads in human pediatric cadaveric bone. These loads of failure are relatively low compared to those obtained in adult cadaveric and porcine bone. This study demonstrates that sutures plus suture anchors placed in the meta-diaphyseal cortex provide a significantly stronger fixation. Although this study is limited by its inability to assess rotational biomechanics and slight age differences between fixation groups, these results suggest that suture plus suture anchors provide the strongest repair for these injuries in human pediatric specimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The prevalence of ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injuries and their surgical treatment has risen significantly since the first treated by Dr. Jobe in 1974. The recent surgery, primarily amongst 15- to 25-year-olds involved in overhead sports, is concerning and necessitates refinement of and/or development of the most effective treatment options. The traditional surgical treatment has been UCL reconstruction, but more recently, the development of UCL repair techniques, particularly with the use of internal bracing, are an exciting potential alternative. Whereas previous work has examined early complications and early outcomes following UCL repair with internal brace, to our knowledge, few if any previous studies have compared mid-term outcomes between UCL repair and UCL reconstruction. Our study aimed to examine differences in mid-term outcomes between competitive athletes following UCL repair with internal brace or following UCL reconstruction from a single institution. Specifically, we compared patient-reported elbow and upper extremity function measures and return to preinjury sport between treatment groups. Methods: Using CPT codes from an ongoing prospective data repository, we performed a retrospective search to identify patients that underwent either UCL repair with internal brace or UCL reconstruction between 2013 and 2021. We included those 15 to 45 years old that were at least 2-years post-operative and were competitive athletes at time of surgery. We excluded those with prior index elbow surgery, those with UCL repair without internal bracing. We performed detailed chart reviews using the electronic medical record and collected demographic information, injury data, and surgical details. We assessed patient-reported outcomes at follow-up using the following measures of elbow/upper extremity function: 1) American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Elbow assessment form (ASES-E; function subscale); 2) Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic Shoulder and Elbow score (KJOC); 3) Andrews-Carson score. We further collected information on return-to-sport timing and success. We calculated summary statistics for demographic, injury, surgical, and outcomes data within both the UCL repair and reconstruction groups. We compared key demographic, injury, and surgical data between UCL repair and reconstruction groups using independent t-tests for continuous variables and chi-square tests for categorical data. For outcomes data, we used linear regression modeling (controlling for relevant demographic covariates) to compare patient-reported function measures (ASES-E; KJOC; Andrews-Carson) between groups. Lastly, we summarized return to preinjury sport (and reasons for the inability to return) and compared the proportions of successful return to preinjury sport between groups using a chi-square test. Results: Clinical and outcomes data were successfully collected for 411 athletes with UCL injuries and surgical treatment (mean age at surgery=18.9±2.9 years; 93% male; mean follow-up time=4.9±2.2 years). Of the 411 UCL procedures, 265 (64%) were UCL repair with internal brace, and 146 (36%) were UCL reconstructions. The UCL repair group was younger (p=0.04), had shorter follow-up time (p<0.01), and had a higher proportion of females (p=0.02) when compared with the UCL reconstruction group (Table 1). Table 1 also shows primary sport at time of UCL injury and level of competition within both groups. Within the UCL repair group, there was a higher proportion of partial UCL tears and a lower proportion of complete UCL tears when compared with the UCL reconstruction group (p<0.01; Table 1). Additionally, within the UCL repair group, there was a lower proportion of concomitant ulnar nerve transpositions when compared with the UCL reconstruction group (p<0.01; Table 1). There were no differences between groups in the proportions of concomitant osteophyte excisions (Table 1). Outcomes-related data are shown in Table 2. Because of differences between groups in age and follow-up time, we controlled for these in comparisons of patient-reported outcomes between groups. After controlling for age and follow-up time, the groups did not differ in ASES-E, KJOC, nor Andrews-Carson scores at follow-up (Table 2). Of the 265 athletes in the repair group, 244 attempted to return to their preinjury sport (Table 2). Among the 244 that attempted to return, 237 (97%) were able to return to their preinjury sport, and 7 were unable to return due to limitations from their UCL repair (Table 2). Of the 146 athletes in the reconstruction group, 140 attempted to return to their preinjury sport (Table 2). Among the 140 that attempted to return, 137 (98%) were able to return to their preinjury sport, and 3 were unable to return due to limitations from their UCL reconstruction (Table 2). Other reasons for not attempting to return to preinjury sport within the 2 groups are shown in Table 2. The two groups did not statistically differ in the proportions that returned to preinjury sport (Table 2). Conclusions: In the current study, we found excellent elbow function and return-to-sport mid-term outcomes in a large cohort of both UCL repairs with internal brace and UCL reconstructions. Whereas the groups did differ in some demographic, injury, and concomitant surgical procedure variables, they did not differ in patient-reported outcomes nor in the ability to return to preinjury sport. These findings suggest that UCL repair with internal brace may be a viable option for the treatment of UCL injuries when clinically-indicated. Given the observational and retrospective nature of the current study, future research should evaluate randomized surgical intervention of UCL injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) is an accepted and effective treatment option in the context of unsalvageable menisci, particularly in young and active patients. It has been shown to reduce pain and improve knee function in previously symptomatic patients. However, there is still limited knowledge about the long-term survival rates of allografts, the durability of clinical results, and the influence of patient-specific parameters, such as leg alignment, tibial slope, and preoperative International Cartilage Regeneration & Joint Preservation Society (ICRS) grade. The purpose of this study was to determine (1) the long-term clinical success rate after MAT with bony fixation in a large, single-center cohort of consecutive patients, and (2) if patient-specific and procedural variables influence the clinical, anatomic, and subjective outcomes and risk of failure. Methods: Data on 185 consecutive knees undergoing MAT in a single institution were prospectively collected and screened for inclusion in this study. The minimum follow-up time was 2 years. Radiographic variables (International Cartilage Regeneration & Joint Preservation Society [ICRS] grade and Kellgren and Lawrence grade) were assessed preoperatively and at follow-up. Subjective patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), Lysholm score, Knee Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) including subscores, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, and visual analog score (VAS) were collected preoperatively and at follow-up. Clinical failure was defined as revision surgery due to graft failure or conversion to total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Anatomic failure was considered a tear covering >20% of the allograft, any peripheral tear, and unstable peripheral fixation leading to dislocation of the graft. Subjective failure was defined as Lysholm score ≤65. Preoperative tibial slope and leg alignment were assessed. Survival analyses were performed utilizing the Kaplan-Meier estimate. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine risk factors for clinical and anatomic failure. Results: A total of 157 knees met inclusion criteria (Table 1). After a mean follow-up time of 7 ± 3.5 years, 127 (80.9%) knees were free of clinical, anatomic, and subjective failure. Fourteen (8.9%) knees experienced clinical failure, 26 (16.6%) knees were identified as anatomic failure, and 13 patients (8.3%) suffered from subjective failure with a reported Lysholm score of ≤65 at a mean follow-up of 7 years. Concurrent osteochondral allograft transplantation was identified as a predictor of both clinical (HR 4.55; 95% CI 1.46-14.17; p=0.009) and anatomic failure (HR 3.05; 95% CI 1.34-6.92; p=0.008). Cartilage damage of ICRS grade 3 or 4 of the index compartment conveyed an increased risk for clinical (HR 3.41; 95% CI 1.05-11.01; p=0.04) and anatomic failure (HR 3.04; 95% CI 1.31-7.11; p=0.01) (Table 2). There were no differences in outcomes between medial and lateral MAT. High-grade cartilage damage (defined as ICRS grades 3 and 4) preoperatively (HR 10.67; 95% CI 1.037-109.768; p=0.046), patients age over 25 (HR 5.44; 95% CI 0.120-246.070; p=0.384), and a body mass index >30 (HR 2.24; 95% CI 0.748-6.705; p=0.149) were associated with subjective failure. Considering the entire study population, PROMs including KOOS and IKDC were significantly improved at final follow-up compared to preoperative scores across all measurements (p<0.005). Conclusions: MAT showed good-to-excellent clinical results at a mean follow-up of 7 years. Low ICRS lesion grade was associated with a higher clinical and anatomic survival rate. Patients with concurrent osteochondral allograft transplantation are at higher risk of clinical and anatomic failure, but still report significantly improved PROMs. These results suggest MAT has a lasting beneficial effect both as in isolation and in complex cases with one or more concurrent procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Hip arthroscopy is rapidly advancing, with literature increasingly reporting positive outcomes at short- and mid-term follow-up; however, available long-term data remains limited. The purpose of this study is to evaluate long-term outcomes of primary hip arthroscopy at minimum 10-year follow-up at two academic centers by describing patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and determining reoperation, revision, and total hip arthroplasty (THA) rates. Methods: Primary hip arthroscopies performed between January 1988 and April 2013 at 2 academic centers were evaluated for postoperative PROs including Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Tegner Activity Scale score, Hip Outcome Score Activities of Daily Living and Sport Scale (HOS-ADL/HOS-SS), modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Nonarthritic Hip Score (NAHS), 12-item International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-12), surgery satisfaction, function, and reoperations. Results: Two-hundred ninety-four primary hip arthroscopies with a mean age of 40±14 years; 66% female; and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 27±6 kg/m2 were followed for mean 12±3 years (range: 10-24). Labral debridement and repair were performed in 41% and 59% of patients, respectively. All patients underwent interportal capsulotomy and 2% underwent T-capsulotomy. Eleven percent of patients underwent capsular repair. At final follow-up, patients reported mean VAS at rest of 2±2, with use of 3±3, iHOT-12 of 68±27, NAHS of 81±18, mHHS of 79±17, HOS-ADL of 82±19, and HOS-SS of 74±25. Mean surgical satisfaction was 8.4±2.4 (Table 1). Sixty-five hips (23%) underwent THA and 33 (11%) underwent revision arthroscopy (Table 2). Risk factors for THA included older age (p<0.001), higher BMI (p<0.001), lower lateral center-edge angle (p=0.039), larger alpha angle (p=0.001), higher Tönnis grade (p=0.011), labral debridement (p=0.004), and capsular nonrepair (p=0.030). Patients undergoing combined labral and capsular repair demonstrated a THA conversion rate of 3% compared to 31% for patients undergoing combined labral debridement and capsular nonrepair (p=0.006) (Table 3). Labral repair trended towards increased 10-year THA-free survival (84% vs. 77%, p=0.085) while capsular repair demonstrated significantly increased 10-year THA-free survival (97% vs 79%, p=0.032) (Figure 1). Conclusions: At minimum 10-year follow-up, patients undergoing primary hip arthroscopy demonstrated high rates of satisfaction and acceptable outcome scores. In total, 11% of patients underwent revision hip arthroscopic surgery with a THA conversion rate of 23%. Conversion to THA was associated with patient factors including older age and higher Tönnis grade as well as potentially modifiable surgical factors including labral debridement and capsular nonrepair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the integrity of medial meniscus root repairs performed using an inlay transosseus single-tunnel repair technique. Methods: Fifteen cadaveric fresh frozen whole knee specimens (7 left, 8 right, ages 40-62) with intact collaterals, cruciates and meniscocapsular attachments were utilized for the study. All specimens underwent diagnostic knee arthroscopy to confirm that the medial menisci (MM) were intact. Of the 15 knees, only 11 (6 left, 7 right) cadaveric specimens had intact MM and underwent further testing. One metallic tracer (Arthrex Mini Corkscrew 2.5 mm x 7 mm fully threaded anchors) were placed into the medial tibial spines and another into the midsubstance of the posterior horns of the MM in all tested specimens. The intact MM roots were then detached using arthroscopic scissors, and root repair was performed using a transosseus single-tunnel repair technique (Arthrex 6 mm FlipCutter, two 0 FiberLink luggage tag sutures, one 4.75 mm PEEK SwiveLock anchor). The knee specimens were then attached to a proprietary jig and loaded in full extension using an Instron. Mini C-arm fluoroscopic anterior posterior views were obtained to document the posterior horn/medial tibial spine metallic tracer spatial relationships. The knee specimens underwent the following loading conditions: 1. Intact MM loaded statically with 1700 N (roughly 2.5 x body weight for a 75 kg patient). 2. Cut MM loaded statically with 1700 N. 3. Repaired MM loaded statically with 1700 N 4. Repaired MM root after cyclic loading with 1700 N x 250 cycles and then loaded statically with 1700 N in full extension. The knee specimens underwent repeat knee arthroscopy after cycling to assess the clinical integrity of the MM root repairs. Post hoc measurements were performed between the medial tibial spine/posterior horn metallic tracers to calculate meniscal displacement in the different loading scenarios. Results: All 11 tested specimens demonstrated intact MM root repairs after cyclic loading upon direct arthroscopic inspection. We compared the relationship of the medial tibial spine/posterior horn MM metallic markers to the entire medial tibial plateau for each knee specimen. When comparing the different testing scenarios, we found that there was statistically significant meniscal displacement between the intact and cut MM loading states (p = 0.011). Additionally, when loading the MM root repair, we noted statistically significant meniscal displacement between the intact and repaired MM loading states (p = 0.004) and the intact versus repaired and cycled MM states (p = 0.012). There was no difference in meniscal displacement noted between the repaired and cut MM loading states (p = 0.6), and no difference in meniscal displacement between the repaired and the repaired and cycled MM states as well (p = 0.5). Conclusions: MM root repairs performed using a transosseus single-tunnel repair technique do not withstand simulated physiologic cyclic weightbearing in full extension. Although the repair construct does not catastrophically fail, the repair construct allows for high amounts of creep/strain and resulting meniscal displacement that rivals the cut state. The lack of statistical significance between all repaired and cut states indicates that there is unacceptable meniscal displacement with this repair technique. This research highlights the clinical importance that creep/strain within a construct can pose, and correlates positively with recent publications regarding this method of fixation. Direct aperture fixation at the tibial plateau articular surface would theoretically perform better for MM root tears because it would allow for diminished working length of the construct, ultimately decreasing strain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Adolescent athletes with a primary anterior glenohumeral dislocations have been shown to have a relatively high incidence of recurrent instability. Evolving evidence on this topic has led to increasing rates of arthroscopic stabilization over the last 2 decades. However, the timing and role of surgery following a single dislocation episode is one of the most controversial topics in orthopaedics. While arthroscopic stabilization is effective in allowing return to play, adolescents have higher rates of subsequent recurrent instability than any other age group. Identifying patients at highest risk of such events postoperatively may facilitate optimized surgical decision-making in this population. The purpose of this study was to identify prognostic factors that are associated with recurrent instability requiring reoperation following arthroscopic Bankart repair in adolescents, with particular attention to the number of dislocations sustained prior to the index procedure. Methods: All patients 12 to 21 years old who had undergone arthroscopic Bankart repair surgery for anterior glenohumeral instability at a pediatric tertiary care hospital between 2000 and 2020 were included. The analysis was conducted using a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model, with percentage of patients with recurrent instability requiring a re-operation evaluated in a time-to-event analysis as the outcome. The effects from the Cox model were expressed as the hazard ratio (HR). All tests were 2-sided, with an alpha level of.05. Results: A total of 488 adolescent patients (78% male; mean age: 16.9 +/- 1.98 years) met study criteria, with the most common primary sports consisting of football (n=141, 29%), hockey (n=47, 10%), basketball (n=40, 8%), baseball (n=33, 7%), and lacrosse (n=30, 6%). A total of 270 (55%) athletes participated in contact sports, while 95 (20%) were overhead athletes. Overall, 86 patients (17.6%) required revision stabilization surgery for recurrent instability, with a cumulative risk of 8.8% at 2 years, 16.5% at 5 years, and 20% at 15 years. The revision stabilization procedures occurred at a mean of 31.1 +/- 25.1 months from the index procedure and consisted of open Latarjet (n=42, 49%), revision arthroscopic stabilization (n=24, 28%), or open capsulorraphy (n=20, 23%). Risk factors for recurrent instability requiring revision stabilization included more than 1 dislocation episode prior to the index procedure (2 dislocations: HR=7.4 (2.5-21.6), p=0.0003; 3+ dislocations: HR=10.9 (3.9 to 30.5), p<0.0001), presence of a Hill-Sachs lesion (small Hill-Sachs: HR=2.5 (1.2-5.1), p=0.0114; medium-large Hill-Sachs: HR=4.2 (1.9-9.3), p=0.0004), younger age at the time of the index stabilization procedure (one year decrease in age: HR=1.2 (1.1-1.4), p=0.0015), and participation in contact sports (HR=1.8 (1.1-2.9), p=0.01). Adolescents who had sustained 1 dislocation prior to surgery had a cumulative incidence of revision surgery (3.2%) that was significantly lower than those who had sustained 2 dislocations (24.2%) or 3+ dislocations (33.5%). Conclusions: The number of dislocation episodes prior to index arthroscopic Bankart repair was the strongest risk factor for recurrent instability requiring revision surgery in adolescents with anterior glenohumeral instability, with two dislocation episodes conferring more than 7-fold increased risk compared to those who had just a single dislocation episode preoperatively. Other significant risk factors included the presence of a Hill-Sachs lesion, younger age, and participation in contact sports. These data support consideration for arthroscopic stabilization for adolescents following a single dislocation, especially in younger patients, contact athletes or when a Hill Sachs lesion is present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has been demonstrated to have outcomes inferior to those noted in primary ACL reconstructions in terms of patient-reported outcomes, return to activity and sports, and graft rupture rates. However, the long-term assessment of patients undergoing revision ACL reconstruction remains unknown, primarily due to the large number of patients needed to do an adequate analysis. A group was assembled to prospectively enroll and follow a revision ACL cohort to determine the risk factors for poor outcomes in a revision cohort, of which over 1,200 patients were enrolled from 83 surgeons and 52 sites and prospectively followed for 10 years. The overarching goal was to assess the long-term progression of outcomes following revision ACL reconstruction, and to determine how the initial factors at the time of revision surgery may influence and predict disease progression. The focus of this study is to characterize the 10-year natural history of this unique dataset, quantified by 3 complementary methodologies: patient-reported outcomes, radiologic measures, and physical examination measures. The purpose was to assess for clinical long-term outcomes, including incidence of graft failure, as well as signs and symptoms of knee osteoarthritis (OA) in this revision cohort at 10 years postoperatively. Methods: Patients were brought back to 6 sites for physical examination by an independent blinded sports medicine physician who was not involved with the revision ACL reconstruction. The physical exam included knee range of motion (ROM), ligamentous testing and bilateral KT-1000 assessment. A series of radiographs (standardized bilateral standing AP, synaflexer bent knee [similar to tunnel/Rosenberg], sunrise, and full extension lateral views) were obtained to assess for incidence of structural OA. Validated patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) including International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC), and Marx activity rating scale were also obtained. Two physicians independently graded the radiographs for severity of structural OA using the modified Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grading system (grades 0 to 4). Structural OA was defined as a Kellgren-Lawrence grade of 3 or 4. Symptomatic OA was defined by the KOOS Pain subscale of < 70 points. Multivariate regression models were used to determine the predictors (risk factors) for both structural OA (KL grades 3 to 4) and symptomatic OA (KOOS pain < 70 points) at 10 years follow-up, controlling for the patient's age, sex, body mass index (BMI), baseline PROMs, ACL graft choice, prior and current meniscal pathology and treatment at the time of revision surgery, chondral pathology at the time of revision surgery, and incidence of any subsequent surgeries. Results: 205 patients (107 [52.4%] women) representing 40 surgeons returned at an average 12-year follow-up (range, 10-16 years). The mean (SD) age of this cohort at the time of their onsite evaluation was 40.2 (10.4) years with a BMI of 25.7 (range, 17.0-42.0). Physical Exam: Physical examination demonstrated loss of extension compared to the opposite knee in 118 (58%) and extension less than full (0 degrees) in 84 (41%). With regards to failure, a soft Lachman endpoint was noted in 41 patients (20%). A Lachman >5 mm was noted in 20 patients (10%), and 26 patients (13%) had a grade 2 pivot shift and 4 (2%) had a grade 3 pivot shift. KT-1000 measurements demonstrated 23 (11%) patients with 5 mm or greater involved versus uninvolved side-to-side difference. The blinded surgeons in their opinion detected 37 (18%) with a nonfunctional ACL. If all nonfunctional parameters were applied (Lachman ≥2, Pivot shift ≥2, KT-1000 side-to-side difference of ≥5mm, and surgeon determining failure) only 8 patients (4%) met all failure parameters. Radiographs: Radiographs demonstrated that 115 (56%) exhibited joint space narrowing of the tibiofemoral joint (K-L grades 3 to 4) in their involved knee compared to 28 (14%) in their uninvolved knee (Table 1). The significant drivers of a higher KL grade (structural OA) at 10 years were found to be higher age, higher baseline BMI, having a medial meniscus excision performed either prior to or at the time of revision surgery, having a prior lateral meniscal excision, or having a subsequent surgery (p<0.05; Table 2). Sex, baseline activity level, graft choice, and chondral pathology at the time of revision were not significant. PROMs: PROMs of the onsite group reflected the PROMs of the overall cohort at 10 years (Figure 2). There were 40 onsite subjects (20%) that reported KOOS pain scores of < 70 points (defined as symptomatic OA), while 91 subjects (44%) reported KOOS pain scores over 90 points (defined as no pain). The predictors of increased pain (lower KOOS pain score) at 10 years were subjects who had higher pain scores at the time of revision surgery, grades 3 to 4 chondral pathology in the lateral compartment at the time of revision surgery, medial meniscus excision performed prior to the time of revision surgery or having a subsequent surgery (p<0.05; Table 3). Conversely, having a hamstring autograft or an allograft (compared to a bone-tendon-bone autograft) at the time of revision surgery predicted less symptomatic pain at 10 years. Age, sex, baseline BMI, activity level, and lateral meniscal pathology at the time of revision were not significant predictors of increased knee pain at 10 years. Conclusions: Outcomes in this first ever report of a revision ACL cohort at minimum 10 years follow-up demonstrates worrisome outcomes at a still young age. This study demonstrated a loss of ROM in 41-58% of the cohort, an 18% graft failure rate, 56% who exhibited KL grades of 3 to 4, and 20% who reported KOOS pain scores of less than 70 points, which collectively, all emphasize the challenge of managing the revision ACL reconstruction patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]