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This article reports that the study was undertaken to test whether titles of chemical papers are becoming more informative and whether uninformative titles of chemical papers are being eliminated since the advent of the KWIC index in 1958. One of the strongest objections voiced against such indexes is that titles of papers are unsatisfactory as a basis for subject index entries because titles are not composed with indexing in mind. The adequacy of titles as a source of subject content clues has been given much attention in the last decade, and many studies have been published on the subject.

The article discusses the advantages of the term project type of assignment over term papers in learning science. The purpose and meaning of an individual's educational experience is transmitted through a term project. While educators are becoming increasingly skeptical as to whether or not term papers have value in proportion to the time and energies required of both the undergraduates and the instructors, the level of interaction is compulsion. The sample of knowledge covered by a term project is not great, but apparently that sample will be remembered for a long, long time. The opportunity to think through a problem and find a solution proved to be an intriguing and pleasant experience.

The article presents various activities used to develop the art skills of exceptional children. The art activities include the use of crayons, cutting with the use of scissors, pasting, folding, tracing, painting, and cleaning up. The artcraft with crepe paper was also introduced to children in which they were able to know the usage of crepe paper. It is advisable to use the Dennison Crepe Paper for it is more stronger and can be stretched more successfully. Children can make mats, hot dish pads, napkin rings, sewing baskets, fruit baskets, and waste baskets out of crepe paper raffia.

This paper traces the development of interest in consumer socialization. Major policy and conceptual issues are posed, and research in several areas of study is reviewed. Directions for research are specified in three key areas: consumer socialization processes, content of learning, and permanence of early learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A discussion of a conference paper that explored teaching a business course on money and banking is presented. The author believes that this should be a course all students take. The author discusses several different course designs and benefits and drawbacks of each. The author also discusses what he feels is the proper way to introduce material in these courses.

A conference paper is presented that examines the teaching of a business course on money and banking. The author suggests that the process involves determining the objectives of the course, the materials that will be taught and the method of instruction. The author advocates an undergraduate money and banking course that could be understood by a liberal arts student. The author outlines how this course could be taught, highlights some possible objectives and discusses how to select materials.

The article presents a list of various books related to sociology received by the editorial department of the journal. Various books included in this list are "The Mind of Africa," by W.E. Abraham, "Piritim A. Sorokin in Review," edited by Philip J. Allen, "Economic Development: Objectives and Methods," by Paul Alpert, "Proceedings of the Social Statistics Section, 1962," "Eichmann in Jerusalem," by Hannah Arendt, "On Revolution," by Hannah Arendt, "I Giovani Nella Societa Industriale," Guido Baglioni, "Expanding Population in a Shrinking World," by Marston Bates, "Leadership and Dynamic Group Action," by George M. Beal, Joe M. Bohlen and J. Neil Raudabaugh, "The Structure and Dynamics of Organizations and Groups," by Eric Berne, "Learning Your Way Through College," by Elton S. Carter and Iline Fife, "Homes, School and Work: A Study of the Education and Employment of Young People in Britain," by M.P. Carter, "Conflict and Conformity: A Probability Model and Its Application," by Bernard P. Cohen, "The Cutteslowe Walls: A Study in Social Class," by Peter Collison, etc.

This article discusses the teaching of social accounting. In the last ten years, the two fields--accounting and economics have been drawn closer together, because professional accountants and professional economists increasingly utilize the same data in their work. The highly technical literature on depreciation policy and inventory valuation is sufficient to indicate that an unequivocal concept of either business income or national income is scarcely possible under current conditions. In other words, an accountant or an economist frequently must outline his own set of definitions, the over-riding consideration being the usefulness of the definitions, with the long-term aim of achieving greater uniformity. In the development of useful accounting principles, the practitioner has not confined himself to transactions made within business enterprise. Generally speaking, practicing and teaching accountants have not devoted enough effort to the bold experiment of correlating their discipline with that of the many-faceted field of modern economics.

Presents a study which dealt with solving verbal arithmetic problems without pencil and paper. Controversy regarding the proper balance between verbal problems to be solved with and without the use of the materials; Definition of the term arithmetic according to Edward L. Thorndike; Examination of the difference between the ability of boys and girls to solve verbal arithmetic problems.

The article discusses the article "A Comparison of Three Measures of Socioeconomic Status," by George A. Lundberg and Pearl Friedman. According to the author, "Validity" in the article refers to a covariation of a set of observations obtained in one way and another set of observations obtained in some other way. But, this should be added: the second set of observations, the "validating" data, must refer to the materials with which one is directly concerned. For example, it is commonly asserted that if people wish to validate a sociometric scale they may correlate the results obtained through its use with the results obtained through the use of another sociometric scale. These and kindred problems are immediately brought into sharp focus by a comparison of three measures of socio-economic status. A comparison presupposes some criterion, otherwise it can only resolve itself into a series of statements to the effect that "those things differ in the following respects, which raises the question of "What of it? The Guttman weights were assigned entirely on the basis of the correlation between the item and a status factor which was carefully defined as the factor common to education, occupation, income and participation. If it can be shown that these weights are not valid according to the same assumptions, on another sample, then the weights can be criticized.

This section presents bibliography of books on education, sociology and law.

A discussion of a conference paper that explored how to teach a business course on money and banking is presented. The author believes that the only way to effectively teach a course on money and banking is to provide enthusiasm that encourages students to become engaged in the material. The author discusses the importance of taking a money and banking course in college and explores some of the most common problems associated with these courses.

A strategy is specified for creating a management innovation capability which is similar to the R and D effort for new products/processes. The proposed capability is designed to overcome the barriers to management innovation which have limited efforts to increase management competence by professional staffs. A program for continuous management progress implemented by a management innovation function strategically located in the organization structure is described in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses some basic concepts related to skill acquisition with practical applications to teaching. The first part of the paper which is organized into three sections identifies the motor patterns to which this working model of skill acquisition is pertaining. The second section presents the nature of skill acquisition and in the last section, application is made to teaching strategies. During early stages of skill acquisition, some aspects of teacher behavior, such as the added complexity of structuring open skill environments are affected by the type of movement involved. However, during stage two, the type of movement to be learned determines the nature of teacher behavior. Therefore, the analysis of the nature of the skill to be learned is required for the effective teaching.

The article presents a paper on the significance of socialization constructs to the teaching methods of teachers. Studying the way how teachers teach seems to be socialization theory. The importance of the socialization construct is that it centers on processes which acts as a go-between the individual's personality and the role expectations of the institution. Conflict and bargaining are the two general patterns of interaction that have been delineated. The four processes of socialization are anticipatory socialization, reference groups, the training period, and the world of work.

This paper examines the process by which public administrators allocate financial resources. From the assumption that the administrator seeks to reduce conflict over the allocation of the budget, propositions are presented about revenue forecasts, appropriations for subunits, increases in compensation, and debt service. The propositions are compared to results of related research and, wherever possible, supporting evidence from a study of the budgetary process in a large, urban school district is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a theory of cultural marginality is used in examining the role behavior of American business executives in an Argentine community. The data presented verify the hypothesis that although these executives are accepted in their limited roles as workers and guests within the country, they are marginal in that they are not accepted as people willing to share in its culture. The findings suggest that contrary to the charges of some critics, these executives are clearly not manipulating the power structure of the host community, even though a sizable proportion of adults in Argentine City believe that they are. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on developments relevant to education in Great Britain as of October 1973. Nigel Grant, reader in education at the University of Edinburgh, joined the Editorial Board of "Comparative Education" magazine. The eight session of the Standing Conference of European Ministers of Education was held in June 1973, which focused on "The Educational Needs of the 16-19 Age Group." UNESCO released its latest publication "Present Problems in the Democratization of Secondary and Higher Education." The Schools Council and the Standing Conference on University Entrance published the Working Paper 46, entitled "16-19: Growth and Response, 2. Examination Structure" and Working Paper 47, "Preparation for Degree Courses."

This article presents a list of books related to education and economic development, received by the Journal of Human Resources as of March 1966.

This article comments on the position papers in the June 1967 issue of Rural Sociology. The author asserts that the papers are a mark of growing maturity of the rural sociology profession. It took years before the state universities and colleges assumed the dominant role of that they have achieved in the development of rural sociology. Contributions of the early sociologists to the applied field are presented to emphasize their historical value.

A discussion of a conference paper that explored teaching a business course on money and banking is presented. The author states that this type of course is designed for the cultural purpose of understanding how money functions in a society. The author explores some of the problems that students must overcome in order to gain this understanding. The author suggests the material is often too dense and makes understanding the theory of money too difficult.

The article presents a news brief related to research at the University of Minnesota Industrial Relations Center in Minnesota, as of July 1, 1972. The research of faculty members Mahmood Zaidi and Mario Bognanno is highlighted. Topics of research at the institute include labor unions, organizational behavior, and personnel management.

The article presents a critique of papers by Professors Atkins and Karplus on elementary science education. The author indicates the personal biases that she brings to the discussion of the two reports. The article discusses Atkins and Karplus' assumption that the modern world demands a citizenry that is literate with respect to both concepts and the methods of science. The author comments on Atkins and Karplus' recognition that children differ widely both in their abilities to grasp ideas and in the ways they arrive at conclusions.

Superficially the education system has many of the key elements of a manufacturing organization: a product, tolerance limits for the product, methods for assessing product deviation, and a feedback system for making compensatory adjustments. These elements are: educated youth, educational goals or objectives, performance tests, and a reporting system. Their existence has led some 'managers' to attempt a wholesale application of the systems framework to education. This paper analyses some of the reasons for the comparative lack of success of such attempts. It is shown that rather than modeling the total system (which, because of its open loop characteristics, is probably an impossible task of limited usefulness), systems analysts should focus on those aspects of education which can be systematized. Such aspects are: resource allocation, scheduling, prediction systems (research and evaluation), and data-bank systems. It is considered that successful education system models require that: (1) the designers recognize that schools are political entities, and (2) the system must be focussed at the level of the individual student. The implications of these assumptions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports a D.S.I.R. experiment in the application of programmed instruction to craft apprentice training.
An instructor at an apprentice school was trained to convert parts of the normal syllabus into auto-instructional programmes, such programmes being progressively reshaped in the light of the success of the programmes as a teaching device. It was found that, in addition to providing a teaching method fitted to the apprentice's needs, the system (when in operation for the ninety-day pre-apprenticeship period) also allowed an instructor to give much more time to personal tuition of individual apprentices. This proved a dual aid to pre-apprenticeship training and, in some cases, shortened the teaching time required, thus permitting extended production experiences under controlled workshop conditions before transference to the main works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a study that profiles the typical member of the Academy of Management, developed through a mail survey conducted in 1967. 410 questionnaires were returned of the 833 mailed. The article reports the personal and institutional characteristics of the respondents, total income data, consulting and royalty data, publication and grants, publication activity, and meeting activity. The article also provides a copy of the questionnaire, several charts illustrating the gathered data, and details of the survey response data.

The article discusses the use of supplementary materials in marketing research education. A survey was conducted among U.S. marketing educators regarding the use of supplementary tools in their curricula. According to the results all of the respondents said they utilized at least two types of supplementary materials. The teachers questioned reported that the supplementary materials were essential components of their courses. Case studies were commonly used as supplementary materials. The respondents expressed a general lack of dissatisfaction with the supplementary materials available to them.

The article recalls the previous conference meetings related to the body-of-knowledge project in physical education. It includes the 1964 Western Conference Meetings, which tackles common problems, evaluate trends, and compare methodologies for furthering the advancement of physical education in all its aspects within the Western Conference. It also includes the 1965 Western Conference Meetings and the 1966 Western Conference Meetings. It also discusses the present status and future plans of the Big Ten Meetings in Chicago.

The paper calls for drastic increases in the supply of physicians than have been recommended by non-economists in the government-sponsored reports which relied upon physician-population ratios. It is interesting to note that non-economists have urged an increase in the supply of physicians on the basis of the falling ratio of physicians to population. Although economists have condemned this approach, it may be consistent with the external effect and option effect notions. Economists have condemned the physician-population approach for obvious reasons. The physician-population approach answers the question as to what is an adequate supply of physicians by merely assuming the problems away. A certain physician-population ratio is assumed desirable and then the number of physicians needed to achieve the assumed desirable ratio is estimated on the basis of certain expected changes in the population. In the study, it has been found that non-economists, without the aid of a vigorous framework to examine the question of the supply of physicians, have identified some important elements ignored by economists.

The article presents a reply to the criticisms made by Richard C. Lewontin, a professor of biology at the University of Chicago on Professor Arthur R. Jensen's article "How Much Can We Boost IQ and Scholastic Achievement?" which was published in the winter, 1969 issue of "Harvard Educational Review." The Jensen theory concluded that individual differences in intelligence are predominantly attributed to genetic differences, with environmental factors playing a minor part. The author agrees with Lewontin's assumption that educational practices and educational psychology are still in the seventeenth century, especially with regards to recognition of group and individual differences.

The article presents the author's report on her impressions on the state of affairs of Russian scientists which includes the dismal attendance of a Soviet scientist in several international conferences which she explains to be the result, not of lack of interest, but by the refusal of visas to Russian scientists. Moreover, she cites the inability of the Russians to acquire apparatus for research purposes as one of the grievances that further alienated them. Notwithstanding the grievances, the Russian scientists expressed interest in the field of research abroad, the author reports that she exchanged knowledge with several Russian scientists and professors from various fields of study which included discussions on methods of computation, Fourier analysis and electron diffraction.

Career lines in any occupation are patterned sequences between jobs and between locations. A particular recurring combination of motivations, stimuli, and opportunities tends to direct some into certain career lines, while others are directed elsewhere. As an illustration of how the reasons for such career decisions can be systematically identified, the internship appointments of 222 medical students were correlated with their responses to questionnaires. Specialized internships are secured more often as the outcome of a career stage in which the medical student has definite career plans pointing toward specialization and academic medicine, academic success, strong commitment to a medical career, and reliance upon the guidance of the full-time faculty. In addition, specialized internships depend upon freedom from excessive family obligations and financial need and upon appointments at teaching hospitals. Rotating internships are most likely to result from a combination of conditions representing the opposite of these. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the role of the foreign-language press in migrant integration. In studying transatlantic migration in the nineteenth century, one might analyse the rhythm of economic growth in the principal sending countries of Europe and attempt to find a relationship between the course of migration and the changes in pace of American economic development. One might also relate the findings of such an economic analysis to a set of demographic data showing. The results of such a study would be of interest to students of select disciplines like economics and demography. There is, however, a large body of social sciences including, for instance, history, sociology, social psychology, criminology and social geography, which contribute special tools for the study of cultural factors affecting the volume and direction of international migrations. Emotional attachments to a community and to acquaintances, to a culture or language, to political and social institutions or to a way of life must be considered as factors inhibiting Trans-Atlantic movement and affecting the adjustment of migrants in the U.S.

This article presents information on books related to labor and education. The book Career Facts: 1966-67, by Charles Adams and Samaria Kimball, lists information related to agriculture and animal husbandry, the apparel industry, aviation, banking, business administration and related occupations, religious vocations, commercial art occupations, electrical engineering, geographers, health services, hotels and restaurants, insurance and real estate. In the book The Development of Technical Education in France 1500-1850, by Frederick B. Artz, French technical education and training is discussed in the four chapters arranged chronologically. Papers presented and discussed at the conference on farm manpower sponsored by the Office of Manpower Policy, Evaluation and Research in 1965, was included in the book Farm Labor in the United States, by C. E. Bishop. In the book Compensatory Education for the Disadvantaged. Programs and Practices: Preschool Through College, by Edmund W. Gordon and Doxey A. Wilkerson, the authors discussed the socially disadvantaged, pupil characteristics, and theoretical bases for compensatory education; models for special education and interactionist theory; number, distribution, and nature of programs; school dropout and preschool programs; curriculum innovations and staffing patterns and school-home-parent relationships.

The article presents discussions by economists on some papers that are published in the May 1, 1970 issue of the journal "American Economic Review." The author states that his comments are directed mainly to the paper by economist R. Radner and L.S. Miller. The author is particularly interested in the data Radner and Miller have assembled on variations in faculty-student ratios among groups of institutions and over time. However, before commenting on that aspect of their paper, the author wants to know how student aid is treated in their analysis. The author cannot tell from the paper itself how this variable has been handled and yet it is clearly of great importance in many cases. To return to the faculty-student ratios, the intriguing question is, of course, related to observed patterns. The difficulty that Radner and Miller have had to-date in finding systematic relationships between faculty-student ratios and other variables, or even in presenting much in the way of conjectures, attests to the complexity of the problem. It also serves as a challenge to economists to come up with some ideas of their own. In this spirit, the author suggests that variations in faculty-student ratios can be understood only in the context of more complete behavioral models for various groups of institutions.

The article looks into the significant use of pseudo-science in science education. A pseudo-science is a systematic body of propositions, practices, and attitudes that gives the appearance of being a science but is not a science. Furthermore, the article has compared the differences between science and pseudo-science. Moreover, various approaches and ways in which the study of pseudo-science could be incorporated into science education has been presented through: (1) critical examination of historical cases of pseudo-science along with cases of genuine science; (2) comparison of contemporary research paper with pseudo-science research paper; (3) use of laboratory works and processes to expose the scientific pretensions of pseudo-science; encouragement of students to bring examples of pseudo-scientific thinking; (5) evaluation of textbooks; and (6) testing of students' ability to recognize cases of pseudo-science.

Professor Mao's paper is interesting, wide-ranging, and enlightening on several points. Its main thrust is on the age-old dilemma of the problem of teaching in the business fields. How far ought we to go in teaching theory, and how far do we go in emphasizing the description of current practice in the field? What should we do when the weight of current practice and the refinements of theory seem somewhat at variance? I expect the conflict will never be resolved. Every good course will combine some of both theory and practice; the mix will vary according to the predilections of the professor in the course. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents two research papers related to marketing research. The first research paper "Is Foreign Trade a Marketing Subject," by Herbert Millington, focuses on the increasing demand that universities and colleges offer courses that will provide students with knowledge about the field of marketing as well as the theories, principles, and mechanics of foreign trade. The second paper, "A Research Puzzle," by Allan Greenberg, focuses on a sales forecasting method employed by a manufacturer of consumer goods.