255 results
Search Results
2. Abstracts.
- Subjects
MANAGEMENT literature ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,ECONOMIC development ,INDUSTRIAL engineering ,ECONOMIC policy ,LOBBYISTS ,AUTOMATION - Abstract
The article presents abstracts of management literature. They include "Administration and Economic Development in India," edited by Ralph Braibanti and Joseph J. Spengler, "Automation and Technological Change," edited by John T. Dunlop, and "The Business Representative in Washington," by Paul W. Cherington and Ralph L. Gillen.
- Published
- 1964
3. The massive task of expanding capacity.
- Subjects
SCARCITY ,PRODUCTION (Economic theory) ,INDUSTRIES ,AUTOMATION - Abstract
The article focuses on issues concerning the shortage in raw materials which affected all industries in the U.S. as well as their productivity. It reports that among the industries that were mostly affected by the shortage are the steel industry, paper industry, and petroleum industry. It mentions that these industries have considered the use of computer control systems to compensate for the loss and to reduce waste.
- Published
- 1974
4. Industrial Management in Advanced Production Systems: Some Theoretical Concepts and Preliminary Findings.
- Author
-
Burack, Elmer H.
- Subjects
ORGANIZATIONAL change ,SOCIOLOGY of technology ,AUTOMATION ,MANUFACTURING processes ,HUMAN-machine relationship ,SUPERIOR-subordinate relationship ,ORGANIZATIONAL structure ,SPAN of control ,HIERARCHIES ,LINE & staff organization - Abstract
This paper discusses some of the implications of technological modifications and improvements on industrial management in two types of advanced manufacturing systems displaying flow-like characteristics and designated "process" and "quasi-process" systems. Technological advances often result in the structuring of functional relationships and responsibilities, and affect development of an organizational control system which includes human, procedural and mechanical elements. This analysis is based on field research studies as well as studies reported in the literature. Theoretical considerations and empirical findings are set forth to account for organizational developments such as the simplification or complication of organizational structure. Finally, the managerial-supervisory job functions emerging in these advanced systems provide a basis for clarifying the role of supporting groups and added considerations for a key executive function such as managerial manpower planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1967
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. How Not to Waste Knowledge.
- Subjects
ACADEMIC library automation ,ACADEMIC libraries ,COMPUTERS in libraries ,LIBRARY administration ,RECORDS management ,LIBRARY users - Abstract
The article focuses on the application of automation in academic libraries to meet their needs. It says that the surge in information particularly the emergence of vast number of articles offers problems to libraries. It adds that automation can help libraries manage their suffocation by paper and helps readers to discover available information. Moreover, lots of libraries use data-processing machines to manage record book purchases, track books that are lent, and issue overdue notices.
- Published
- 1965
6. Predicting the performance of complex systems: an approach to greater involvement by design engineering and operating managers.
- Author
-
Silver, Alvin M.
- Subjects
MATERIALS handling ,MANUFACTURING processes ,AUTOMATION ,ENGINEERING design ,SIMULATION methods & models - Abstract
Copyright of International Journal of Production Research is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 1974
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. The I.P.S.O. control system.
- Author
-
Braat, J. J. M.
- Subjects
PRODUCTION management (Manufacturing) ,INFORMATION resources management ,AUTOMATION ,INDUSTRIAL engineering ,OPERATIONS research - Abstract
Copyright of International Journal of Production Research is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 1973
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. 1972 Student Paper Award Man-Machine Interface: Frustration.
- Author
-
Melnyk, Vera
- Subjects
HUMAN-machine systems ,AUTOMATION ,ENGINEERING systems ,ERGONOMICS ,SYSTEMS engineering ,COMPUTER input-output equipment - Abstract
As an exploration of the frustration of users of an online interactive retrieval system, students from the School of Library Science of Syracuse University participated in an experiment using an experimental reference retrieval system for library literature on the IBM system 360/50. The searching consisted of sample searches using key-words. The data base contained library literature citations for the year 1970. In the control group, students were instructed to locate literature related to library management and information retrieval systems. The particular terms in the search and the format were outlined in an instruction session before the students used the system. The experimental group was not restricted to a sample search, or specified search terms, but the format of the searches were to be the same as the control group. It was anticipated that significant variations in the behavior of the users would be displayed and identified by comparing measures of behavior as the man-computer interaction proceeded through the search process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1972
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Toward an Automata Theory of Brains.
- Author
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Arbib, Michael A.
- Subjects
MACHINE theory ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,HUMAN information processing ,BIONICS ,BRAIN ,ROBOTICS ,AUTOMATION ,LOGIC - Abstract
A source of ideas for automata theory — the study of the brain — has been pushed aside in mathematical development of the theory. This paper suggests the ways in which automata theory might evolve over the next 25 years if it is to contribute to an understanding of how the brain processes information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1972
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. A Scheduling Algorithm for a Computer Assisted Registration System.
- Author
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Winters, W. K.
- Subjects
STUDENT registration ,ALGORITHMS ,PRODUCTION scheduling ,UNIVERSITIES & colleges ,AUTOMATION - Abstract
This paper presents the scheduling algorithm used in the Computer Assisted Registration System at the University of Tennessee. Notation is defined and the logic of the algorithm necessary to implement educational policy is described. Results from the first term's implementation are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1971
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Automatic Derivation of Microsentences.
- Author
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Carmody, Basil T. and Jones, Jr., Paul E.
- Subjects
ENGLISH language ,SENTENCES (Grammar) ,PROGRAMMING languages ,C (Computer program language) ,INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems ,AUTOMATION - Abstract
The decomposition of long complex English sentences into shorter kernel-like constituent sentences (microsentences) has often been suggested as an avenue toward conducting automatic retrieval of natural language messages. To explore the prospects of such c step, the authors attempted in 1963 to prepare a general program for deriving microsentences from longer sentences that had been syntactically analyzed by the Harvard Multipath Analysis Program. The basic idea was to extract the subject, verb and object (if any) of each clause and to reassemble these materials into a grammatical microsentence. A program is described in this paper, which was designed to operate on the tree structure output of the analyzer, and the microsentences that were produced are exhibited. The authors conclude that while microsentences of the quality achieved do not open up immediate prospects for improving the performance of automatic message retrieval systems, they may have practical value in man-machine systems using human monitors to select the preferred syntactic interpretation of a sentence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1966
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Part family methods for bulk forming.
- Author
-
Knight, W. A.
- Subjects
MACHINING ,GROUP technology ,PRODUCTION management (Manufacturing) ,METALWORK ,AUTOMATION ,FORGING - Abstract
Copyright of International Journal of Production Research is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 1974
13. Synthesis of complex sequential control systems from standard sequence packages.
- Author
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Ashley, J. R., Pugh, A., and Woodward, M. E.
- Subjects
AUTOMATIC control systems ,RELAY control systems ,CONTROL theory (Engineering) ,MACHINING ,INFORMATION theory ,MEMORY ,MENTAL discipline ,AUTOMATION - Abstract
The paper gives a qualitative treatment of a new approach to the synthesis of sequential control systems. Complex sequential control systems can be assembled from a relatively small number of standard sequence packages. These have useful sequential properties in their own right, but the methods for coupling them together to form larger sequential systems are described by the authors. Additional benefit is gained by using the machine actuators alone as memory devices. This removes any possibility of unintentional disturbance of the state of the memory function in the control system. Three examples are chosen to illustrate the design process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1971
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. A DESIGN FOR BROACHING OF THRUST FACES OF ROLLING BEARING RINGS AND PROBLEMS CONNECTED WITH ITS REALISATION.
- Author
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Buda, Ján, Strojny, Milan, and Vasilko, Karol
- Subjects
BROACHING ,DRILLING & boring machinery ,MACHINE tools ,RINGS (Jewelry) ,AUTOMATION ,CUTTING (Materials) ,INDUSTRIAL engineering ,MECHANIZATION ,SYSTEM analysis - Abstract
The paper summarises theoretical and experimental studies of some problems concerning the realisation of broaching of ring thrust faces. It presents descriptions of devices and investigations into the limits of application of this technology such as tool life, the deformation of rings under cutting forces and the stability of rings under clamping forces. The objectives of this project were to increase the productivity rate and continuity of production and to facilitate automation. SUMMARY. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1969
15. Abstracts.
- Subjects
MOTIVATION (Psychology) ,MANAGEMENT ,AUTOMATION ,PERSONNEL management - Abstract
The article presents abstracts of various articles on management topics, including "Management and Motivation," by Sven E. Kock, "Office Automation Administrative and Human Problems," by W. H. Scott and "Acceptance and Resistance," by Alain Touraine.
- Published
- 1966
16. The Computer and the Marketing Man.
- Author
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Christian, Richard C.
- Subjects
MARKETING ,AUTOMATION ,INDUSTRIAL marketing ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,ELECTRONIC data processing ,INDUSTRIAL management ,INFORMATION technology ,SELLING ,MECHANIZATION ,MANUFACTURING processes ,SALESFORCE automation ,INDUSTRIAL engineering ,NEW product development - Abstract
The article reports on technological innovations, particularly automation, and the impact these developments can have on all segments of business. Most of the significant progress in automation has previously been confined to production processes and manufacturing. Only recently have automation methods been linked with marketing. This has been confined largely to warehousing, transportation, order picking and handling. These innovations speed up the distribution process and lower marketing costs. But what about the other important marketing functions: selling; new product development and testing; communications, including advertising, public relations, and publicity; packaging; and marketing research?
- Published
- 1962
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. What Does Automation Mean to the Marketing Man?
- Author
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Head, G. W.
- Subjects
AUTOMATION ,DATA tapes ,MARKETING planning ,INNOVATION adoption ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,OFFICE practice automation ,AUTOMATION & economics ,MARKETING management ,DIFFUSION of innovations ,ATTITUDES toward technology ,CHANGE management ,MARKETING strategy - Abstract
The subject of automation in business has had extended coverage in the business press during recent months. Electronics has also captured the imagination of marketing men, but the areas for automation have not been clearly defined. This article answers some important questions and gives specific results that have been obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1960
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Powers Play.
- Subjects
PRINTING associations ,AUTOMATION ,NEWSPAPER publishing ,PUBLISHING ,WAGE increases ,JOB security ,STRIKES & lockouts ,EQUIPMENT & supplies - Abstract
The article reports on the actions made by Bertram A. Powers, president of Typographical Union No. 6 which leads him to be arrested. It notes that he seized and crumpled a thin magnesium plate which is said to be the first to bear the imprint of type set on "Daily News" automated equipment which use to translate strips of perforated tape. It mentions that Powers has insisted on higher wage increases, ironclad job security and greater union jurisdiction than the publishers are offering. It explores the signaled lockout in the paper's headquarters due to Power's arrest and his 114-day strike against New York City dailies in 1962-1963 which caused the shrinkage of the newspaper industry.
- Published
- 1974
19. THE IMPACT OF AUTOMATION ON THE FIELD OF ACCOUNTING.
- Author
-
Keenoy, C. L.
- Subjects
AUTOMATION ,OFFICE practice automation ,ACCOUNTING ,CASH registers ,OFFICE equipment & supplies industry ,ACCOUNTANTS ,ELECTRONIC data processing ,COMPUTERIZED auditing ,EMPLOYEES - Abstract
The advent of electronics in record-keeping and data-processing has placed the office equipment industry in the most challenging, yet potentially rewarding, role in its history. And the same thing can be said for accountants. Electronics is a new mode of transportation. Because of its tremendous speed in carrying out the errands, the electron can take one just about anywhere, statistically speaking. This revolution in office procedures and data-processing, promises to do for man's mind what the industrial revolution did for his body. By harnessing the electron, one will be able to multiply a single clerical employee's efforts many times. In a few more years American business would have been figuratively snowed under by its ever mounting volume of paperwork. At the start of the 20th century, only one man in every 40 employees was a paper worker. With pen and ink as his chief tools, this early-day clerical was able to keep up with all of the demands placed on accounting by business.
- Published
- 1958
20. Mechanizing the Job Foundry.
- Subjects
FOUNDRIES ,METALWORKING industries ,LABOR supply ,AUTOMATION ,LABOR - Abstract
The article reports that larger foundries have adopted mechanized processes to cope up with labor shortage, increased cost, and demand for greater production. These foundries are making increased use of mechanized handling, special machinery, automatic inspection, and quality control. Small foundries are also following the process of mechanization.
- Published
- 1947
21. The Automatic Integration of Ordinary Differential Equations.
- Author
-
Gear, C. W. and Timlake, W. P.
- Subjects
INITIAL value problems ,DIFFERENTIAL equations ,ALGORITHMS ,SET theory ,BOUNDARY value problems ,AUTOMATION - Abstract
An integration technique for the automatic solution of an initial value problem for a set of ordinary differential equations is described. A criterion for the selection of the order of approximation is proposed. The objective of the criterion is to increase the step size so as to reduce solution time. An option permits the solution of "stiff" differential equations. A program embodying the techniques discussed appears in Algorithm 407. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1971
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. AUTOMATION.
- Subjects
AUTOMATION ,LABOR ,ENGINEERS ,DESIGNERS ,LABOR leaders - Abstract
In this article, the author focuses on automation in the labor industry. He believes that automation would only affect a small segment of the labor force which is estimated to be at 8 percent, and would be affected directly by displacement, upgrading, or downgrading. He relates the factions that would move and shake the automation era, which includes engineers and designers, labor leaders, and economists and sociologists. He cites the indicators of automation in an industry which includes workers being employed outside more and more.
- Published
- 1955
23. Russians Drive for Automation.
- Subjects
AUTOMATION ,STEEL industry ,LATHES ,BUSINESSPEOPLE - Abstract
The article discusses the efforts of the Soviet scientists to transform automation theory into production-line knowhow. In the Soviet steel industry, the partially automated Red Proletarian Machine Tool Plant mass-produces 1,000 lathes per month. There is also a rapid buildup of special automation application institutes connected directly to Soviet planning bodies at the regional level. The impact of such developments on U.S. businessmen is noted.
- Published
- 1960
24. THE GENERAL QUESTION OF EXTENT AND METHOD OF CONTROL UNDER SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT.
- Author
-
Mixter, Charles W.
- Subjects
INDUSTRIAL management ,MANAGEMENT science ,MANAGERIAL economics ,LABOR process ,STANDARDIZATION ,INDUSTRIAL engineering ,AUTOMATION ,WAGES & labor productivity ,MILITARY science ,MANAGEMENT - Abstract
The article discusses the system of command under scientific management in a business. Methods of scientific management can by divided into two parts: the transference of skill in all areas of industry, and standardization of manufacture combined with as much system control as is necessary to maintain those standards. The author describes both methods in detail and provides criticisms. Moreover, information on the functions of high command in a company is outlined, along with the dangers of an absolute power in a business. Lastly, the author adopts some methods from the military to illustrate a well defined method of scientific management.
- Published
- 1923
25. An oracle follows his own advice.
- Subjects
NEW business enterprises ,AUTOMATION ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations - Abstract
The article reports on the establishment of John Diebold Inc., a management and investment company formed by automation pioneer John Diebold in the U.S. It mentions that the company will specialize in financing containers particularly designed for highway, rail, water and air transportation. Moreover, it states that automation is a management problem for top executives and new technology is arising to produce social changes.
- Published
- 1969
26. Money goes electronic in the 1970s.
- Subjects
BANKING industry automation ,ONLINE banking ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,AUTOMATION - Abstract
This article discusses the advent of electronic banking in the U.S. It explains that bank clients and bankers are talking about how the start of banking automation will impact the consumers and the industry. Some are suggesting that it will start the process towards a checkless and cashless society with lawyers saying that is a mistaken bank computer denies an account holder's identity a court may rule against the person because the computer is more reliable. It identifies the changes that will happen in the industry within a decade starting in 1970. INSETS: When on credit card fills the bill;New criminals for the new era;What clogs the pipeline in banking.
- Published
- 1968
27. CALENDAR.
- Subjects
CONFERENCES & conventions ,INFORMATION theory ,INFORMATION science ,AUTOMATION ,NATURAL resources ,PUBLIC utilities - Abstract
This article presents information on the forthcoming events related to the computing machinery. The 1967 International Symposium on Information Theory," is going to be held from September 6-8 in Athens, Greece. The 22nd Annual Instrument Society of America (ISA) Conference and Exhibit is going to be held September 11-14 in Chicago, Illinois. The Symposium on Computer Control of Natural Resources and Public Utilities is going to be held from September 11-14 in Israel. The 5th International Cybernetics Congress is going to be held from September 11-15 in Belgium. The Joint Conference of Univac Users Association and Univac Scientific Exchange is going to be held from September 19-22 in Minneapolis.
- Published
- 1967
28. The Impact of Automation on Society.
- Author
-
Bates, Frederick L.
- Subjects
AUTOMATION ,INDUSTRIALIZATION ,SOCIAL change ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,TECHNOLOGY ,PRODUCTION (Economic theory) ,COMMUNICATION ,INDUSTRIES - Abstract
The article provides information on the impact of automation on the society particularly in the U.S. It is stated that automation is part of the larger process of social change which has been going on in human society since its inception and it has had an enormous impact on the production, communication and scientific investigation. The paper emphasizes that since automation represents the highest development to technology, it is inevitable that industries will move in its direction. It discusses the relation of automation to other technologies and how technology is related to the organization of society.
- Published
- 1969
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Industrial Relations Section.
- Author
-
Myers, Charles A.
- Subjects
INDUSTRIAL relations ,TECHNOLOGY ,ORGANIZATION management ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,AUTOMATION ,MANAGEMENT science ,COMPUTERS ,UNIVERSITIES & colleges - Abstract
The article presents information about the Industrial Relation section of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The principal research projects at present and in the coming year center on the implications of technological change and automation under a grant to the Section and to the Sloan School of Management, in which the Section is now administratively housed. The impact of computers on management organization and the nature of managerial work has been and is the principal research area. Professor Douglass V. Brown is in general charge of the over-all project, and Professor Charles A. Myers has taken responsibility for theses and special studies in the computer-impact area. Studies in the life insurance industry have been conducted by Professor George E. Delehanty, who was on leave from Northwestern University in 1964-1965. A paper by Delehanty, "Computers and the Organization Structure in Life Insurance Firms: The External and Internal Economic Environment," will appear in published form. A doctoral thesis on "The Impact of Office Automation on Supervisory Behavior" by David R. Meredith, based on a special study in one of the insurance companies involved in the research, was completed in June 1966.
- Published
- 1966
30. The Troubled Tide of Automation.
- Published
- 1965
31. THE AUTOMATIC RETRIEVAL OF TECHNICAL INFORMATION.
- Author
-
Leslie, W. H. P.
- Subjects
AUTOMATION ,INFORMATION retrieval ,PUBLICATIONS ,ENGINEERING ,LABORATORIES ,INDUSTRIAL research - Abstract
A description of a system using punched paper tape for the retrieval of documents, by author, title, place and date of publication, and subject employed at the Fluid Mechanics Division of the National Engineering Laboratory of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research. Much attention is given to the construction of the codes employed in the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1960
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. NEW METHODS OF PRINTING AND REPRODUCING SCHOLARLY MATERIALS.
- Author
-
Silver, Henry M.
- Subjects
PRINTING machinery & supplies ,PRINTERS (Persons) ,TYPEWRITERS ,OFFSET printing ,PRINTING machinery industry ,AUTOMATION - Abstract
This article presents information about new methods of printing and reproducing scholarly materials. Three lines of development are being pursued: composing typewriters producing positive images on paper; film composing machines based on standard matrix assemblies; and film composing machines based on non-standard matrix assemblies. The development of composing typewriters is characterized by two forces, to do something as cheaply as possible and to do it as much like metal types as possible. Major developments in printing machinery can be grouped under two heads, faster and more automatic printing equipment, and refinements in offset.
- Published
- 1951
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. AUTOMATED INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN PLANNING, CONTROL AND COMMAND.
- Author
-
Vazsonyi, Andrew
- Subjects
INFORMATION networks ,PLANNING ,REAL-time control ,AUTOMATION ,COMPUTER-aided engineering ,HUMAN-machine systems ,HEURISTIC programming ,COMMAND & control systems ,SPACE flight ,MILITARY science ,RESEARCH & development ,HUMAN-machine relationship ,PERT (Network analysis) ,COMPUTER networks - Abstract
The role, nature, status and future of Information Systems. Objectives and approach of paper. Illustrations of problems for automation. On-Line-Real-Time Information Systems. Control of space travel. Control of airline reservations. Military Command and Control. Planning and Control of Research and Development. Where computers excel. Where men excel. How man works. Heuristic problem solving. Man-machine communications consoles. Solution of ordinary differential equations. Computer aided engineering design. Solution of partial differential and integral equations. Automated Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT). Automated Teaching of Languages. Approach for automation. Conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1965
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. "MANAGEMENT SCIENCE" AND THE MANAGER.
- Author
-
Drucker, Peter F.
- Subjects
MANAGEMENT science ,DECISION making ,EVIDENCE-based management ,INDUSTRIAL management ,AUTOMATION ,ORGANIZATIONAL effectiveness ,RESEARCH management ,BUSINESS planning ,PROBLEM solving ,DECISION theory - Abstract
Most of the writing on the new "Management Science", that is on the application of systematic methodology to the job of managing in the business enterprise, has so far come from the scientists. Understandably it has therefore focused on the finding of areas in business to which the scientist can apply tools and techniques with which he is already familiar, and on the sharpening and development of these tools. The all but universal approach has been: here is a scientific method, here are scientific tools and techniques; let us find applications for them in the business enterprise. This paper proposes to look at "Management Science" from the point of view of the Manager. Its focus will therefore be on determining what methodology, what tools and techniques the Manager needs to do an orderly and systematic job of managing. Concretely the focus will be on the specific process through which the Manager does his work, and on the specific object to which his work is directed; one focus will be on Decision Making, one on the Business Enterprise and its structure. And the aim of this paper is to develop, albeit in rough and sketchy form, some specifications for "Management Science". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1955
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. An Empirical Assessment of Perrow's Technology Construct.
- Author
-
Lynch, Beverly P.
- Subjects
INDUSTRIAL efficiency ,ACADEMIC libraries ,ORGANIZATIONAL effectiveness ,INDUSTRIAL productivity ,TECHNOLOGY ,TECHNOLOGY & society ,MECHANIZATION ,AUTOMATION ,EMPIRICAL research ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations - Abstract
Current investigations on the influence of technology upon other organizational variables have remained exploratory because there is disagreement over the boundaries of the construct and there is a dearth of valid and reliable measures of technology. This study develops a measure of technology that could be used for comparative purpose. It also develops a seven-item scale that provides a valid and reliable measure of Perrow's technology construct. The scale discriminates among the technologies of 15 functional departments in three academic libraries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1974
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. SPAN OF CONTROL OPTIMIZATION BY STIMULATION MODELING.
- Author
-
Scott Jr., Charles R.
- Subjects
SPAN of control ,AUTOMATION ,QUEUING theory ,DECENTRALIZATION in management ,STOCHASTIC processes ,SIMULATION methods & models ,MANAGEMENT ,DECISION making ,INDUSTRIAL efficiency ,PERFORMANCE - Abstract
Many words have been written to try to explain the span of control, of management, or of knowledge, and to define the size of span for general situations. A principle has been proposed by NICB, "There is a limit to the number of positions that can be coordinated by a single executive." Recently there have been several models developed to determine the proper span. At the same time, each school of management thought appears to advocate a different approach to the resolution of the problem of determining the proper span. The purpose of this paper is to present through a simulation model some new dimensions of the problem. Hopefully, future use of this model will provide information for the sutdy of other aspects of organization theory. Recently, Carzo and Yanouzas applied queuing theory to determine the span of control. They based their analysis on the random need of each supordinate for the services of his superior and the rate at which the superior could perform these services. They arrived at an optimum span for a certain set of conditions by balancing the cost of the subordinate's waiting against the cost of the manager. This approach considered two variables and provided a useful model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1972
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. New York Goes Modern.
- Subjects
PUBLISHING ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,JOB security ,LABOR incentives - Abstract
The article reports on the technological innovation in New York publishers on their production systems and it's the agreement with the Big Six. It states that the 1,400 regular and 385 part-time printers of New York Times and Daily News have received lifetime job security and incentives. It notes that the modern equipment has required fewer and less skilled operators which offers the publishers great economies. However, president of Big Six Bertram A. Powers has refused to allow the innovations that would replace his members. Moreover, it mentions the average 26.6% of pretax profit margins gained by the New York Times in Florida and North Carolina during the six months of automation.
- Published
- 1974
38. Process Automation Comes Slowly--So Far.
- Author
-
Burke Jr., Harry E.
- Subjects
AUTOMATION ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,INDUSTRIAL management ,CORPORATE growth ,ORGANIZATIONAL growth ,WORK environment ,INNOVATION adoption ,ORGANIZATIONAL change ,DECISION making - Abstract
Despite all the talk, the organizational environment itself is a prime factor impeding automation of the process industries. Process companies, computer manufacturers, makers of process machinery, and systems engineering firms must work together in this market. INSET: Quality Control in the Manufacture of Beer.... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1965
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Automation and Morale.
- Author
-
Lipstreu, Otis
- Subjects
AUTOMATION ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,EMPLOYEE attitudes ,DIFFUSION of innovations ,TECHNOLOGY transfer ,MECHANIZATION ,EMPLOYEE morale ,HUMAN-machine relationship ,ATTITUDES toward technology ,ORGANIZATIONAL behavior ,PSYCHOLOGY ,MANAGEMENT - Abstract
The article discusses ways to help workers adjust to automation. The psychological response of the worker to change generated by modern technological transition is of significant importance. The overall "tone" or climate of an organization in a behavioral sense is an integral factor enhancing or detracting from the level of teamwork present in a work situation. Experts say by making definitive plans, anticipating morale fluctuations during periods of technological change, and developing preventive action to cushion the negative effects managers can mediate the reaction of employees.
- Published
- 1964
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Management Myths and EDP.
- Author
-
VERGIN, ROGER C. and GRIMES, ANDREW J.
- Subjects
ELECTRONIC data processing ,EXECUTIVES' attitudes ,OFFICE practice automation ,INDUSTRIAL management ,AUTOMATION ,TECHNOLOGY transfer ,INNOVATION adoption ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,HUMAN-machine relationship ,INDUSTRIAL engineering ,PSYCHOLOGY ,COMPUTER network resources - Abstract
The article discusses research pertaining to U.S. managers' thoughts on electronic data processing (EDP). The study showed wide differences among the firms with regard to management's computer objectives, acquisition practices, employment impact, system design, programming methods, and other factors associated with data processing. Analysts say management misconceptions about EDP may be due to the use of factory automation as the basis for comparison and predictions about computerized office automation. They say management must abandon their oversimplified view of EDP and meticulously analyze the data processing needs of their firm.
- Published
- 1964
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. SOME IMPLICATIONS OF THE NEWER ANALYTIC APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT.
- Author
-
COOPER, W. W.
- Subjects
MANAGEMENT science ,INDUSTRIAL management ,DECISION theory ,STATISTICAL decision making ,LINEAR programming ,SIMULATION methods & models ,AUTOMATION ,OPERATIONS research ,PRODUCTION planning ,MANAGEMENT controls ,BUSINESS planning ,PERFORMANCE management - Abstract
The liaison between science and management, which has made terms such as linear programming and statistical decision theory part of the business vocabulary, is now being extended in this country and abroad to open new horizons for business and the scientist. Here is a quick roundup of developments to date and a look into the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1961
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. The Computer as a Small-Group Member.
- Author
-
Haines, G., Heider, F., and Remington, D.
- Subjects
HUMAN-machine relationship ,SMALL groups ,TEAMS in the workplace ,COMPUTERS ,AUTOMATION ,ORGANIZATIONAL change ,INNOVATION adoption ,ATTITUDES toward technology ,DIFFUSION of innovations ,ADAPTABILITY (Personality) - Abstract
This report discusses the introduction of a computer as a group member in a task-oriented group. It demonstrates that such an introduction is actually possible. It also describes some tentative results of the study: organization changes, emotional reactions, some considerations on how to facilitate such a change, and a discussion of mechanisms tending to retard such an innovation. Finally, some questions are raised for further study of the relations between man and thinking machines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1961
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. DIGESTS OF SOME LEADING ARTICLES ON MARKETING FROM TRADE JOURNALS.
- Author
-
Burd, Henry A.
- Subjects
MARKETING ,ADVERTISING ,WOMEN employees ,CONSUMER goods ,SELLING ,INDUSTRIAL management ,SALES management ,COST accounting ,AUTOMATION - Abstract
The article presents abstracts of articles on marketing. They include "Employed Women," "Who is Going to Sell Tomorrow's Goods?" and "Cooperative Retailing as a Competitor in the Consumer Market," by Henry A. Burd.
- Published
- 1938
44. Automatic and Economic Development.
- Author
-
Meier, Richard L.
- Subjects
INDUSTRIALIZATION ,AUTOMATION ,MANUFACTURING process automation ,PRODUCTION planning ,DEVELOPING countries ,INDUSTRIAL revolution ,ECONOMIC history ,TECHNOLOGICAL revolution ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations - Abstract
The article discusses the role of automatized industrial processes in economic growth. The author observes that many operations in industry, commerce and services are enjoying improvement in their efficiency with the application of automation processes. However, underdeveloped economies may experience difficulty in terms of transitioning to automation processes. Some of the problems in the early stages of development are the lack of capital to buy the necessary equipment, scarcity of skilled labor and well-trained engineers and applied scientists.
- Published
- 1954
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Computer Effect Upon Managerial Jobs.
- Author
-
Schwitter, Joseph P.
- Subjects
OFFICE practice automation ,MIDDLE managers ,EXECUTIVES ,AUTOMATION ,COMPUTERS ,EFFECT of technological innovations on labor supply ,HUMAN-computer interaction ,TECHNOLOGICAL unemployment ,INDUSTRIAL efficiency ,COMPUTER systems ,MANAGEMENT science - Abstract
Concerning the impact of automation on managerial jobs, the following prediction is provocative. "By 1985, we will possess the technical capability required to handle most managerial jobs with machines." Leavitt and Whisler foresee as a consequence of automation an increasing gulf between the few middle managers that are left over and the top executives. These statements seem to foreshadow widespread technological unemployment for numerous managers. They also suggest that the content of managerial jobs will become simpler. On the other hand, MacNiece, speaking of "automatic computers" in connection with the production control manager's job, predicts a change toward greater difficulties and complexities. Such conflicting predictions call for empirical studies. More facts should be known about the extent and the characteristics of changes in managerial jobs due to the introduction and use of computers. This would help in recruitment, training, payment, and the establishment of performance standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1965
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Automation, Job Creation, and Unemployment.
- Author
-
Miller, J. James
- Subjects
JOB creation ,MECHANIZATION ,AUTOMATION ,OCCUPATIONS ,TECHNOLOGY ,CONTRACTS ,INDUSTRIAL engineering ,INDUSTRIAL efficiency ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,INDUSTRIAL equipment ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
The article focuses on job opportunities provided by mechanization and automation. A machine technology creates jobs in the long run when production cost is high preventing mass sale of products due to the high price that must be charged and when the machine technology is geared fundamentally to a completely new industry that has a virgin market relatively untapped. Several solutions have been proposed by those who have given consideration to the problems automation has created, including reduced taxation, reduced work hours, retaining of man power and plans such as Longshoremen's Contract and Meatpackers' Contract.
- Published
- 1964
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Man's Leisure and His Health.
- Author
-
Martin, Alexander Reid
- Subjects
LEISURE ,WORK ,HEALTH ,CREATIVE ability ,AUTOMATION ,WORKING hours - Abstract
The article emphasizes that a capacity for leisure and work is indispensable for health growth and creative development. The advancement of technological science and automation is causing a shrinkage of workaday world. Plans for a six-week vacation and a three-day weekend is now underway. Boris Pregel, former president of the New York Academy of Sciences, states that the work week will be reduced by 20 hours within the next decade. In his book "The Great Contest," Isaac Deutscher states that Russia has now a nation-wide plan of preparing its people for a three-hour workday by 1984.
- Published
- 1965
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Systems Analysis for Controlling and Improving Marketing Performance.
- Author
-
Stasch, Stanley F.
- Subjects
COMPUTER assisted research ,MARKETING ,MARKETING research ,SYSTEM analysis ,QUANTITATIVE research ,MARKETING theory ,MARKETING models ,METHODOLOGY ,RESEARCH methodology ,THEORY-practice relationship ,AUTOMATION - Abstract
This article points out some reasons for marketing's lag in the use of computers and quantitative techniques. The systems approach is suggested as one which can minimize or eliminate the causes of this lag. The systems approach outlined by the author uses marketing theory to guide the firm's efforts in establishing performance criteria, organizing an information collection activity, and developing analytic models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1969
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Automation in Marketing.
- Author
-
Goeldner, Charles R.
- Subjects
AUTOMATION ,MERCHANDISING ,PURCHASING ,MARKETING management ,MARKETING ,WHOLESALE trade ,RETAIL industry ,TECHNOLOGICAL progress ,ELECTRONIC data processing ,VENDING machines ,AUTOMATIC control systems ,AUTOMATIC machinery - Abstract
While automation exists today in only a small number of institutions, the author believes it will have a profound influence on the future of American marketing institutions. He goes on to analyze this impact on both the wholesale level and retail level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1962
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. EDP AND THE OFFICE WORK FORCE.
- Author
-
Helfgott, Roy B.
- Subjects
ELECTRONIC data processing ,COMPUTERS ,OFFICE practice automation ,AUTOMATION ,LABOR supply ,WOMEN employees ,EMPLOYMENT ,ELECTRONIC systems - Abstract
The article discusses a study which analyzes the consequences of introducing electronic data processing (EDP) in several large offices in the U.S. The introduction of computers in offices revolutionizes the office system, alters the nature of the office work, increases labor productivity, upgrades the structure of the labor force, and changes its sex composition. Office automation reduced total labor requirements, but EDP has developed the skill composition of labor force. The application of EDP in office works of several companies included in the study had significant impact on office employment. However, office automation may be responsible for the decrease in growth rate of clerical jobs and that it may be reducing employment opportunities for women employees.
- Published
- 1966
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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